Session1 Network Evolution and Architecture

Network Evolution and
Architecture
1st Session : ACE Internal Training
WK03 2014-01-18 Saturday
ACE Air Connect Engineering

(Thailand) Co Ltd
CONTENTS
1 Network Evolution
2 Network Architecture
3 Training Schedule Update

“The only constant is change“
- Heraclitus
ACE
Network Evolution : Meaning of Evolution
EVOLUTION
\ˌ
e-və-ˈ
lü-shən, \
o A process in which something passes by

degrees to a different stage (especially a
more advanced or mature stage)
o the process of working out or developing
o In Human evolution, there certain aspects

are being improved, such as:
• Bone structure
• Hair
• Brain
• And many more
o Based on the scientist’s findings, the

evolution is being driven by the
Environment (Civilization)
© Air Connect Engineering (Thailand) Corporation Limited CONFIDENTIAL DOCUMENT

2013-11-07 Slide No. 3
o Same with the Network Evolution, there are 3-aspects
that are considered to improve, such as
 Technical Evolution
 Physical Evolution
 Service Evolution
o Network Evolution is primarily driven by Market /

Customer Demands (Service)
o Network Standards Developers

• 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project)
• Qualcomm
• China
• IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers)
By AT&T
2013-11-07 Slide No. 4
Network Evolution : 3GPP Network
1G (Analogue Technology)
120,000
o Predecessor was developed last

1909 which is Radio Telegraph by
Marconi
100,000
80,000
60,000
o Technologies deployed as follows:
NMT, AMPS, TACS, A-Netz to E-
Netz, Radiocom 2000, RTMI,
40,000 JTACS, TZ-80
20,000
1G
0
1980 1990 2000 2010 o DL Throughput: 2.4kbps

2013-11-07 Slide No. 5
2G GSM
120,000
o 1st Communication Digital System

(Global System Communication)
100,000 o Introduced services such as
Wireless voice, SMS and later on
data
80,000 o During these time, other network

type were developed as well, such
as CDMAone, iDen and D-AMPS
60,000
o Spectrum Allocation (MHz):
900,1800, 850, 1900 (rare cases at
400, 450Mhz)
40,000
o DL Throughput: 9.6kbps
o Access: TDMA Network

20,000
1G 2G
0
1980 1990 2000 2010

2013-11-07 Slide No. 6
2.5G GSM + GPRS
120,000
o Packet Switch has been introduced

in the cellular communication
technology
100,000
o Further offering new services such
as WAP and MMS (data)
80,000 o DL Throughput: 92kbps
o Modulation: GMSK
60,000
40,000
20,000
1G 2G 2.5G
1980 1990 2000 2010

2013-11-07 Slide No. 7
2.75G GSM + GPRS +
120,000
EDGE
o Further improved data services by
adding modulation technique being
100,000 used and enabling handsets to
acquire multiple timeslot support
o Modulation: GMSK + 8PSK

80,000
60,000
o DL Throughput: 384kbps (128)
40,000
20,000
1G 2G 2.5G 2.75G
1980 1990 2000 2010

2013-11-07 Slide No. 8
2.75G GSM + GPRS +
EDGE
Kbps 59.2 o Further improved data services by
60.0 adding modulation technique being
54.4
used and enabling handsets to
acquire multiple timeslot support
50.0
GPRS 44.8
o Modulation: GMSK + 8PSK
40.0 EGPRS
29.6
30.0
o DL Throughput: 384kbps (128)
22.4
20.2
20.0 17.6
14.4 14.8
12.2 11.2
8.0 8.8
10.0
0.0
CS-1 CS-2 CS-3 CS-4 MCS-1 MCS-2 MCS-3 MCS-4 MCS-5 MCS-6 MCS-7 MCS-8 MCS-9

2013-11-07 Slide No. 9
3G UMTS R99
120,000
o After more than a decade, 2G

Network has fully evolved to 3G
100,000 o It was a full evolution because all
aspects that was improved or
upgraded (SIM Card,
Handsets,Transmission, Base
80,000 Station, etc)
o Access: OFDMA Network

60,000
o DL Throughput: 384kbps
(1.2Mbps)
40,000 o Modulation: 16-QAM
o 3GPP Release 4 (Predecessor is

3GPP Release 1999, R99)
20,000
1G 2G 2.5G 2.75G
3G R99
1980 1990 2000 2010

2013-11-07 Slide No. 10
3.5G UMTS HSDPA & HSUPA
120,000
o 3GPP Release 5 : HSDPA

• Early 2005
• 16-QAM  QPSK
100,000
• 1.2 Mbps  20 Mbps
o 3GPP Release 6 : HSUPA

• Late 2005
80,000 • Enhanced FDD Uplink
• Using QPSK same as HSDPA
• 1 Mbps  5.76 Mbps
60,000
o During this time, IP-based
transmission was recommended
already to cellular networks due to
40,000
high throughput requirements
3.5G HSDPA &

20,000
HSUPA
1G 2G 2.5G 2.75G
3G R99
1980 1990 2000 2010

2013-11-07 Slide No. 11
3.75G UMTS HSPA+
120,000
o 3GPP Release 7
o Further increased data services

100,000
DL : 40 Mbps
UL : 11.5 Mbps
o Data Modulation used 64-QAM

80,000 (combination of 16-QAM and
QPSK)
60,000 o Features added to the protocol

- Dual-Carrier
- MIMO 2 x 2
40,000 3.75G HSPA+ o System improvements to make it

compatible as well with LTE
3.5G HSDPA & o 3GPP Release 8 - 9 is already

20,000
HSUPA considered as 3.9G LTE which was
1G 2G 2.5G 2.75G developed around 2011. It is the
3G R99 combination of Dual-Carrier and
MIMO 2 x 2 Feature
1980 1990 2000 2010

2013-11-07 Slide No. 12
4G LTE Advanced
120,000
o 3GPP Release 10 and on-wards

(currently at Release 12 already)
4G LTE
100,000 o Long-Term Evolution
o Further increased data services

DL : 337.5 Mbps
80,000 UL : 34.5 Mbps
o Data Modulation used 64-QAM

60,000 (combination of 16-QAM and
QPSK)
o Full IP-based network

40,000 3.75G HSPA+
o Features added to the protocol
- Dual-Carrier up to Octa-Cell
3.5G HSDPA & - MIMO 2x2 up to MIMO 4x4
20,000
HSUPA
1G 2G 2.5G 2.75G
3G R99
1980 1990 2000 2010

2013-11-07 Slide No. 13
EVOLUTION
120,000
o Full network evolution occurs by

almost every decade (linear) but
4G LTE the technical specifications and
100,000
capabilities is exponentially
improving
o Why 3G WCDMA Network was

80,000 tagged as a UMTS Network?
60,000
40,000 3.9G HSPA+
3.5G HSDPA &

20,000
HSUPA
1G 2G 2.5G 2.75G
3G R99
1980 1990 2000 2010

2013-11-07 Slide No. 14
EVOLUTION
120,000
o Full network evolution occurs by

almost every decade (linear) but
4G LTE the technical specifications and
100,000
capabilities is exponentially
improving
o Why 3G WCDMA Network was

80,000 Packet Switch tagged as a UMTS Network?
Circuit Switch o How come Wi-Max is not included
60,000 in the evolution?
o From the previous slides,

Technical Evolution was briefly
40,000 3G HSPA discussed. On the succeeding
slides, the Physical Evolution
will be discussed
3G HSDPA &
20,000
HSUPA o Service Evolution is a very
1G 2G 2.5G 2.75G subjective aspect which is
3G R99 expected to continuously evolved
with time
1980 1990 2000 2010

2013-11-07 Slide No. 15
Network Evolution : Summary

2013-11-07 Slide No. 16
CONTENTS
1 Network Evolution
"The secret of getting ahead is getting

started.“
- Mark Twain
ACE
Network Architecture : 2G GSM
Um D H
BTS VLR
BSC HLR AuC
B
C
A GMSC
Abis Nc
PSTN
F
MS MSC
EIR
BSS NSS
MS – Mobile Station Information stored in HLR Information stored in VLR

BTS – Base Transmitter Station
BSC – Base Station Controller
1. Subscriber ID (IMSI and MSISDN) 1. Location Area Identity (LAI).
BSS – Base Station Subsystem 2. Current Subscriber VLR (Current Location) 2. Temporary Mobile Subscriber
MSC – Mobile Switching Center 3. Supplementary Services Subscriber to Identity (TMSI).
VLR – Visitor Location Register (Caller Tone, Missed Call Alert, Any Other 3. Mobile Station Roaming Number
HLR – Home Location Register
AuC- Authentication Center Services etc.) (MSRN).
EIR – Equipment Information 4. Subscriber Status (Registered or 4. Mobile status (busy/free/no answer
Regiter Deregistered) etc.).
NSS – Network Switching
Subsystem
5. Authentication Key and AUC Functionality
6. Mobile Subscriber Roaming Number

2013-11-07 Slide No. 18
Network Architecture : 2G GSM
Um D H
BTS VLR
BSC HLR AuC
B
C
A GMSC
Abis Nc
PSTN
G F
MSC
EIR
BSS NSS
E, Nc
VLR
CGI
o Cell Global Identity
o LAI + CI
o MCC + MNC + LAC + CI
o MCC = Unique for every country in the world
o MNC = Unique for every operator on a specific contry
o LAC = unique for every BSC in a network
o CI = unique on every cell in a network

2013-11-07 Slide No. 19
Network Architecture : 2G GSM + GPRS + EDGE CN (Core Network)
Um CS – Domain
BTS
MGW
BSC
A Nb
Abis
A Mc
Mc PSTN
VLR
Nc GMSS
MS
BSS
MSS
F D C
Gb EIR HSS
Gs IMS
PS – Domain
Gf Gr Gc
Gn Gi PDN /
Internet
GGSN
Gp Other
SGSN PLMN

2013-11-07 Slide No. 20
Network Architecture : 3G UMTS CN (Core Network)
Um CS – Domain
BTS
MGW
BSC
A Nb
Abis
A Mc
Mc PSTN
VLR
Nc GMSS
MS
BSS
IuCS
GERAN MSS
F D C
IuCS
Gb EIR HSS
UTRAN Gs IMS
PS – Domain
Uu Node B Gf Gr Gc
UE RNC
Gn Gi PDN /
IuPS
Iub Internet
Cu GGSN
Gp Other
MS SGSN PLMN
RNS

2013-11-07 Slide No. 21
Network Architecture : 3G UMTS Network Subsystem
Um / Uu A / Iu
UE RAS CN
O&M
UE = User Equipment
OSS
RAS = Radio Access System
CN = Core Network
OSS = Operations Support System
O&M = Operation and Maintenance
2013-11-07 Slide No. 22
CONTENTS
1 Network Evolution
“Good project delivery is when you spend

80% of your time planning and 20%
implementing“
- Andrew Oh
ACE
Training Schedule Update

2013-11-07 Slide No. 24

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Network Evolution and

ACE Air Connect Engineering

3 Training Schedule Update

o A process in which something passes by

o the process of working out or developing

o In Human evolution, there certain aspects

o Based on the scientist’s findings, the

© Air Connect Engineering (Thailand) Corporation Limited CONFIDENTIAL DOCUMENT

o Network Evolution is primarily driven by Market /

o Network Standards Developers

o Predecessor was developed last

© Air Connect Engineering (Thailand) Corporation Limited CONFIDENTIAL DOCUMENT

o 1st Communication Digital System

80,000 o During these time, other network

o Access: TDMA Network

© Air Connect Engineering (Thailand) Corporation Limited CONFIDENTIAL DOCUMENT

o Packet Switch has been introduced

80,000 o DL Throughput: 92kbps

© Air Connect Engineering (Thailand) Corporation Limited CONFIDENTIAL DOCUMENT

o Modulation: GMSK + 8PSK

1980 1990 2000 2010

© Air Connect Engineering (Thailand) Corporation Limited CONFIDENTIAL DOCUMENT

© Air Connect Engineering (Thailand) Corporation Limited CONFIDENTIAL DOCUMENT

o After more than a decade, 2G

o Access: OFDMA Network

o 3GPP Release 4 (Predecessor is

© Air Connect Engineering (Thailand) Corporation Limited CONFIDENTIAL DOCUMENT

o 3GPP Release 5 : HSDPA

o 3GPP Release 6 : HSUPA

3.5G HSDPA &

© Air Connect Engineering (Thailand) Corporation Limited CONFIDENTIAL DOCUMENT

o Further increased data services

o Data Modulation used 64-QAM

60,000 o Features added to the protocol

40,000 3.75G HSPA+ o System improvements to make it

3.5G HSDPA & o 3GPP Release 8 - 9 is already

© Air Connect Engineering (Thailand) Corporation Limited CONFIDENTIAL DOCUMENT

o 3GPP Release 10 and on-wards

o Further increased data services

o Data Modulation used 64-QAM

o Full IP-based network

© Air Connect Engineering (Thailand) Corporation Limited CONFIDENTIAL DOCUMENT

o Full network evolution occurs by

o Why 3G WCDMA Network was

40,000 3.9G HSPA+

3.5G HSDPA &

© Air Connect Engineering (Thailand) Corporation Limited CONFIDENTIAL DOCUMENT

o Full network evolution occurs by

o Why 3G WCDMA Network was

o From the previous slides,

© Air Connect Engineering (Thailand) Corporation Limited CONFIDENTIAL DOCUMENT

© Air Connect Engineering (Thailand) Corporation Limited CONFIDENTIAL DOCUMENT

3 Training Schedule Update

"The secret of getting ahead is getting

MS – Mobile Station Information stored in HLR Information stored in VLR

© Air Connect Engineering (Thailand) Corporation Limited CONFIDENTIAL DOCUMENT

© Air Connect Engineering (Thailand) Corporation Limited CONFIDENTIAL DOCUMENT

© Air Connect Engineering (Thailand) Corporation Limited CONFIDENTIAL DOCUMENT

© Air Connect Engineering (Thailand) Corporation Limited CONFIDENTIAL DOCUMENT

3 Training Schedule Update

“Good project delivery is when you spend

© Air Connect Engineering (Thailand) Corporation Limited CONFIDENTIAL DOCUMENT

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