BLOOD

COMPONENTS
BLOOD
It is the life maintaining fluid
that circulates through the body.
COMPONENTS OF BLOOD

1. Plasma
2. Red Blood Cell (RBC)
3. White Blood Cell (WBC)
4. Platelets
COMPONENTS OF BLOOD

1. PLASMA
The liquid component of the blood that
contributes to 55% of your blood’s total
volume.
COMPONENTS OF BLOOD

2. RED BLOOD CELLS (erythrocytes)

 Itdelivers oxygen to the tissues in your body. Oxygen

turns into energy and your tissue release carbon dioxide.
COMPONENTS OF BLOOD

3. WHITE BLOOD CELLS (leukocytes)

 It is a part of the body’s immune system and play a vital role in defending the
body against infections and viruses.
COMPONENTS OF BLOOD

4. PLATELETS (thrombocytes)
 are small cell fragments found in the blood.
 play a role in the process of blood clotting, which is essential for preventing
excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is damaged.
NORMAL VALUE

1. PLASMA – 55% of blood volume

2. RBC – Male: 4.7 to 6.1 million cells per microliter (cells/mcL) of blood
Female: 4.2 to 5.4 million cells/mcL of blood
3. WBC – 4,500 to 11,000 cells/mcL of blood
4. PLATELETS – 150,000 to 450,000 cells/mcL of blood
FUNCTION

 Plasma carries water, salts, and enzymes. The main role of

plasma is to take nutrients, hormones, and proteins to the
parts of the body that need it.
FUNCTION

 Red Blood Cells are responsible for transporting oxygen from your lungs to your
body's tissue. Your tissue produce energy with the oxygen and release a waste,
identified as carbon dioxide. Your red blood cells take the carbon dioxide waste to
your lungs for you to exhale.
FUNCTION

 The primary function of white blood cells is to identify and destroy pathogens
such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other harmful substances that enter the body.
 White blood cells also play a role in the body’s adaptive immune response by
recognizing and remembering specific pathogens, which helps provide long-term
immunity against recurrent infections.
FUNCTION

4. PLATELETS
 When a blood vessel is injured, platelets immediately respond by adhering to the
site of injury and forming a plug to seal the damaged area. This initial platelet
plug provides temporary hemostasis, preventing further blood loss.
COMMON DISEASES

1. Anemia is a common blood disorder that occurs when the

body has fewer red blood cells than normal. Red blood
cells carry oxygen throughout the body using a protein
called hemoglobin. If there aren’t enough of these cells or
this protein, anemia results.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

 Tiredness.
 Weakness.
 Shortness of breath.
 Pale or yellowish skin, which might be more obvious on white skin than on Black
or brown skin.
 Irregular heartbeat.
 Dizziness or lightheadedness.
 Chest pain.
 Cold hands and feet.
COMMON DISEASES

2. Infection – One of the most common causes of leukocytosis is a bacterial or viral

infection. When the body is fighting off an infection, the bone marrow may produce
more white blood cells to help combat the invading pathogens.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

 Fever
 Fatigue
 Pain
 Swelling
 Redness and warmth
 Increased heart rate
COMMON DISEASES

3. Thrombocytopenia – This condition occurs when there is a low platelet count in

the blood, leading to an increased risk of bleeding and bruising. Causes of
thrombocytopenia include autoimmune disorders, infections, medications, and certain
medical treatments like chemotherapy.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

 Easy bruising
 Excessive bleeding
 Bleeding gums
 Hemorrhage
 Fatigue and weakness