Interpret Drawings

and Plans
Lesson 4
 Isometric Drawing
• drawing which resembles a
respective drawing

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 Orthographic
Projection
• arrangement in a
drawing of the three
principal views of an
object.

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 Detail drawing
• separate drawing showing
a small part of a machine
or structure.

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 Design

• drawing showing the

plan, elevations,
sections, and other
features.

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 Sketch
• freehand drawing of an
object.

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 Scaled Drawing
• drawing plan made
according to a scale,
smaller than the actual
work

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DRAWING
SIGNS AND
SYMBOLS
 Visible line A medium line used to show edges
and contours not visible to the eye.

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Centerline
• A light line used as axis of symmetry. Used for center of circle
and arcs. Sometimes the symbol is shown

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 Construction line
• Very light line used to “block
in” an object. These lines are
made so light that little or no
erasing is needed. They serve
as base for darkening in the
permanent line.

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 Borderline
• Heavy, solid line used to
frame in the drawing

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 Invisible line

A medium line used to show edges and

contours not visible to the eye.

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 Centerline
A light line used as axis of symmetry. Used for center of circle
and arcs. Sometimes the symbol is shown

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Dimension line
• Dimension line Light thin lines used to show the sizes of the
object. Extension lights start about 1/16” from visible or object
line. The dimension line is broken near the center for the
dimension.

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Long break line
• Heavy line draws freehand for same purpose as long break.

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 STEPS IN
SKETCHING AN
ISOMETRIC BOX
1. Draw a vertical axis.

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2. Draw left and right axis.

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3. Determine the width and length of the box
and then draw a vertical line

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4. Draw a left and right axis to the determined
height of the box.

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5. Project a line parallel to the left and right
axis

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6. Label the box to determine the top, front
and the right side view

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STEPS IN SKETCHING
ORTHOGRAPHIC
DRAWING
1. Study the object to be drawn (See
isometric drawing on operation sheet (3-1)

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2. Draw the top view, front view and the right
side view

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3. Draw a simple drawing
using block as model. Try
to study the given view.

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I. Sketch an isometric box.
II. Do the Orthographic Drawing of the given
Isometric Figure.

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II. Draw the Isometric of the given 3 main
views.

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 Practice
Occupational
Health and Safety
Procedures
LESSON 5
HAZARDS AND RISKS
IDENTIFICATION AND
CONTROL
Requirements in Conducting/Identifying
Hazards
• Survey the workplace to identify hazards
• This survey must be in writing and must be
available to all workers
• Determine whether any hazard requires
Personal Protective Equipment

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Requirements in Conducting/Identifying
Hazards
• Pay special attention to working conditions or
process that can produce hazards.
• Reassess hazards whenever necessary, especially
when new equipment is installed to avoid
accidents.
• Any reassessment must be written and must be
available to workers upon request.

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WORKING CONDITIONS THAT CAN
PRODUCE HAZARDS
1. Falling objects
2. Objects that can puncture skin
3. Objects that could roll over worker’s feet
4. Toxic chemicals
5. Heat
6. Harmful Dust
7. Radiation

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Signs, Signals and Barricades

• Signs, signals and barricades are important, if

not critical, to the safety of the construction
workers.

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Accident Prevention Signs and Tags

1. General- Signs and symbols required shall be

visible at all times when work is being performed
and shall be removed or covered promptly when the
hazard does not exist anymore.
2. Danger Signs- Danger signs shall be used only
where an immediate hazard exists.

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 3. Caution Signs
• Caution signs shall be
used only to warn
against or caution
against practices.

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 4. Exit Signs
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 5. Safety
Instructions
Signs
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 6. Directional
Signs
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 7. Traffic
Signs
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 8. Accidental
Prevention Tags
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 Signs and their
location

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1.Danger Signs – are used only where immediate hazards exist.
They are printed in red as the predominating color.
2.Caution Signs – are used to warn against potential hazards.
3.Exit Signs – are printed in legible red letters for exits.
4.Safety Instructions Signs
5.Accidental Prevention Tags – are used as temporary means of
warning to existing hazards, such as defection, tools and
equipment.
6.Barricades – are used for protection of employees.

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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
A. Face protection - Goggles and face protection

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 B. Foot
Protection -
Safety shoes

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 C. Hand
Protection -
Gloves

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 D. Hearing
Protection -ear
muffs or ear plugs

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 E. Respirators

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 Occupation Health and
Safety (OHS) Procedures for
controlling hazards
and risks.
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 2. Select appropriate
equipment.
• Ensure that all Personal Protective
Equipment used is the right kind of
equipment for the job, and is maintained
properly

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A. Dealing
with
Accidents

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B. Dealing with
Fire

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C. Dealing with
Emergencies

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1. Conduct a hazard assessment like
• Survey workplace to identify hazards (put them in
writing)
• Determine whether any hazard required Personal
Protective Equipment.
• Pay attention to working conditions that can
produce hazards
• Reassess hazards whenever necessary, especially
when new equipment is installed
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3. Have knowledge on the following:
• Which PPE is necessary
• How to identify if it fits properly
• How to put on, remove, adjust and wear Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE)
• How to dispose of Personal Protective
Equipment(PPE)
• The limitation of using Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE)
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Procedure in dealing with
workplace, accidents, fire
and Emergencies.
A. Dealing with Accidents
1. Keep calm, don’t panic and study the
situation.
2. Report immediately to your teacher
3. Apply first aid to the victim while waiting
for a nurse or a physician
4. Bring the patient to the nearest clinic or
hospital
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B. Dealing with Fire
1. Do not panic, stay calm.
2. Call the attention of everybody.
3. Use your firefighting equipment to
control extinguish the fire.
4. Call the office or the fire station

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C. Dealing with Emergencies

1. Stay calm and study the situation.

2. Call the attention of your teacher.

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