SANITARY

DRAINAGE SYSTEM
PREPARED BY:
CERON, RUBY E.
MALBAS, LY ANN
SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM
• Is a sewage system that is used in both private and public properties. These
systems are designed to quickly and practically convey sewage and other
kinds of waste to disposal points.
• Sometimes referred to as the drain, waste, and vent (DWV) system, which is
a network of pipes that remove wastewater from a building.
• Consists of two sides, the Sanitary Drainage side, and the Vent System side.
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SANITARY DRAINAGE
• The sanitary drainage side of the system consists of traps at each fixture, and
fixture branch, stack, and drain pipes that carry wastewater away from the
plumbing fixtures and out of the building.
• Also known as Gravity System, since Gravity is the driving force behind
wastewater flow

VENT SYSTEM
• Introduces and circulates air in the system to maintain atmospheric pressure in
the drain lines and ensure adequate gravity flow of wastewater.
• Exhausts sewer gases to the outdoors.
CHIEF COMPONENTS OF A SANITARY DRAINAGE AND
VENT SYSTEMS
• TRAPS • AIR ADMITTANCE VALVES
• INTERCEPTORS • POSITIVE AIR PRESSURE
• FIXTURE BRANCHES ATTENUATOR
• STACKS • SOVENT DRAIN AND
• BUILDING DRAINS VENT SYSTEM
• BUILDING SEWER • SEWAGE EJECTION
• SANITARY SEWER MAIN
• CLEANOUTS
• VENTING
TRAPS
• A trap is a U-shaped pipe that catches and holds
a small quantity of wastewater that is poured
down a fixture drain. The trapped water prevents
gases resulting from wastewater decomposition
from entering the building through the drain
pipes and the fixture.
• Are made of copper, plastic, steel, wrought iron,
or brass, with plastic most commonly used.
TYPES OF TRAPS
• P-TRAP
- Most acceptable type of trap.
• S-TRAP Can easily be siphoned, so they are
• Q-TRAP prohibited by the building code.
• INTEGRAL TRAP
- Built-in as part of the fixture.
• BUILDING TRAP
- Act as a seal to keep gases from entering the building’s
sanitary drainage system from the sewer line. On the other hand, a
building trap may impede the flow of wastes in the system. For this
reason, codes disallow use of a building trap except in special
installation.
- Located at the end of the building drain (inside the building
and just before it connected to the sewer line).
INTERCEPTORS
• Passive devices designed into a
plumbing system that trap, separate, and
retain these toxic or undesirable
substances from wastewater before it is
discharged into the sewer line (e.g.,
grease, fat, oil, hair, sand, clay, wax, or
debris).
• An interceptor must be readily
accessible for periodic cleaning,
inspection, and testing.
FIXTURE BRANCHES
• Each plumbing fixture is connected horizontally
to the sanitary drainage system by a drain line
called a fixture branch.
• A pipe that carries wastes from non-toilet
plumbing fixtures directly to the building
drainage system.
• Also called a waste pipe, wet vent, or fixture
drain.
• Branch piping may be copper, approved plastic,
galvanized steel, or cast iron.
STACKS
• The fixture branches feed into a vertical pipe
is referred to as a stack.
• Soil Stack when the wastewater that the stack
will carry came from human waste from water
closets (or from fixtures that have similar
functions).
• Waste Stack when the stack will carry all
wastes (except human waste).
BUILDING DRAINS
• The soil or waste stacks feed into a main
horizontal pipe.
• Usually made of approved plastics, copper
(for above the floor), or extra-heavy cast iron
(for below the floor) pipe.
• The drain is typically placed below the first
floor or below the basement floor.
BUILDING SEWERS
• An extension of the building drain that carries
wastewater from the building drain to a
community sanitary sewer main or an
individual on-site sewage treatment (OSST)
system.
• In community sanitary wastewater systems,
the building sewer may also be known as a
house or building connection, or sanitary
sewer lateral.
SANITARY SEWER MAIN
• Is a pipe through which the wastewater flows as it is conveyed
from a building to the wastewater treatment plant.
CLEANOUT
• Are screw-type fittings with a cap that can be
unscrewed to allow access to the inside of the
sanitary drain pipes.
• Cleanout should not have a plumbing fixture
installed in it or be used as a floor drain.
• Floor Cleanouts (FCO) are found in horizontally
positioned building drains or sewer lines that are
installed in the floor or in the ground.
• Wall Cleanouts (WCO) are placed in vertically
positioned stacks.
VENTING
• Vents are pipes that introduce sufficient air into the
drainage system to reduce air turbulence (from
siphoning or back pressure) and to release sewer
gases to the outside.
• The prime purpose of venting is to protect the trap
seal.
• Vent piping may be copper, plastic, cast iron, or steel.
TYPES OF VENTING METHODS
Individual Vents
- The individual venting technique is defined
as the installation of a vent pipe for every trap or trapped fixture.
- An individual vent must be located in close proximity to the
trap to properly vent it.
 Common Vents
- The common venting method serves two fixtures located on
the same floor; it is essentially an individual
vent that serves no more than two traps or trapped fixtures.
 Wet Vents
-The wet venting method uses a single vent pipe
to provide venting for all of the fixtures of one or two
bathroom groups (e.g., a water closet, lavatory,
shower, bathtub, and bidet) that are located on the
same floor.
 Circuit Vents
-A circuit venting system is a horizontal venting
pipe serving up to eight fixtures.
-In this system, all of connections and the main
piping must remain in the horizontal orientation.
Vertical drops are generally not permitted.
 Combination Drain and Vent
-A combination drain and vent system allows the distance
from trap to vent to be extended infinitely, provided the drain stays
in the horizontal orientation and there is a vent somewhere within
the horizontal branch.
 Relief Vent
-A relief vent is a continuous pipe of lesser or equal diameter
running parallel and alongside the soil and waste stack in a
multistory plumbing system. It is used to equalize air pressure
within the stack.
 Vent Stack
-Extends vertically through the building and up through the
roof to the exterior of the building. Vents from a fixture or group of
fixtures ties in with the main vent stack, which extends to the
exterior.
AIR ADMITTANCE
VALVES (AAV)
• An air admittance valve (AAV) is a pressure-
activated, one-way mechanical venting port used to
eliminate the need for expensive venting and roof
penetrations.
• AAVs are typically made from polyvinyl chloride
(PVC) plastic materials with ethylene propylene
diene monomer (EPDM) rubber valve diaphragms.
• Valves come in two sizes: one for fixture venting
and a larger size for system venting.
POSITIVE AIR PRESSURE
ATTENUATOR (PAPA)
• Air pressure attenuator (PAPA) is a product developed to protect
buildings of 10 or more stories against the unwanted positive
pressures (i.e., back pressure/positive transients) generated in the
DWV system.
• Are installed at the base of the soil and waste stack and at various
floor intervals, depending on the height of the building.
• The PAPA/AAV system may be used in sanitary plumbing
systems as an alternative to relief venting, eliminating the need
for a continuous parallel relief vent pipe.
SOVENT® DRAIN AND VENT
SYSTEM
• Is a system that combines the drain stack, branches, and vents into one
pipe system by using patented Sovent® fittings.

SEWAGE EJECTION
• A sewage ejector system consists of the sump basin, a
motor-pump assembly, and a system of automatic electrical controls.
DRAIN AND VENT PIPE DESIGN
DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNITS (DFU)
• An arbitrarily chosen measure that allows all types of plumbing
fixtures to be expressed in common terms; that is, a fixture having
twice the instantaneous drainage flow rate of a second fixture
would have a fixture unit value twice as large.

DESIGN APPROACH
• The approach used to size drain and vent lines relies on tabular
information found in the code.
SYSTEM INSTALLATION
• Pipe chases run from floor to floor to allow stacks and vents to pass
vertically between floors.
- Chases are typically located alongside elevator hoist ways and common
plumbing walls.
• Pipe tunnels used on large projects to provide concealed space for the
passage of mechanicals at ground level and from building to building.
• Hangers from the top or side of the tunnel are used to support the pipes.
PIPE CHASE PIPE TUNNELS HANGERS
SANITARY DRAINAGE AND VENT
SYSTEM DESIGN
SANITARY DRAINAGE AND VENT
SYSTEM DESIGN
SANITARY DRAINAGE AND VENT
SYSTEM DESIGN