CHANCE &

PROBABILIT
Presented by: Clint
Holanda
Y
 DEFINITION
Experiment Outcome
Any activity The single
with an result of that
observable experiment
result
 DEFINITION
Sample Space
*Denoted with
Set of all symbol S.
possible *Cardinality of the
outcomes of sample space or the
that total number of
experiment possible outcomes
denoted with n(s)
 Event - Subset of sample
space.
Simple Compound
events events
Any event Any event
consisting of which
a single consists of
outcome in more than one
the sample outcomes
space.
 Try this!
A. Tossing a
coin
1.Experiment: Tossing a coin
2.Outcomes: TT, HH, TH, HT
3.Sample Space: S={TT, HH, TH, HT}
4.Event: {TT}, {HH}, {TH}, {HT}
 Try this!
B. Throwing a die and a coin
together
1.Experiment: Throwing a die and a coin together
2.Outcomes: 1T, 1H, 2T, 2H, 3T, 3H, 4T, 4H, 5T,
5H, 6T, 6H
3.Sample Space: S={1T, 1H, 2T, 2H, 3T, 3H, 4T, 4H,
5T, 5H, 6T, 6H}
4.Event: {1T}, {1H}, {2T}, {2H}, {3T}, {3H},
{4T}, {4H}, {5T}, {5H}, {6T}, {6H}
 VENN DIAGRAM
Graphical way of presenting the
relationships between sets. The set is
represented by a closed curve. The
region inside the curve represents the
element that belongs to the set, while
the region outside the curve represents
the elements that are excluded from the
set.
 VENN DIAGRAM

Union of Events
- an event that has happened and is always associated with an experiment
- consist of elements belonging to event A, event B or both A and B
- written as (A U B) “A or B”
 VENN DIAGRAM

Intersection of Events
- Events are occurring together
- Consist of all elements in event A and event B at the same time
- written as (A ∩ B) “A and B”
 VENN DIAGRAM
Union
the blending of both sets (indicates
“or” ) with mathematical symbol U

Intersection
when the two sets overlap
(indicates
 ACTIVITY
State whether the following is True or False.

•If A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {2, 4, 5,

6};
•then A ∪ B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}.
 ACTIVITY
State whether the following is True or False.
Considering the sets:
A = {magenta, lime, cyan}
B = {magenta, yellow, brown}
C = {magenta, brown, yellow, lime, cyan, purple};
then A ∩ B = {magenta, lime, cyan, yellow,
brown}
 ACTIVITY
State whether the following is True or False.
Considering the sets:
A = {magenta, lime, cyan}
B = {magenta, yellow, brown}
magenta

C = {magenta, brown, yellow, lime, cyan, purple};

Cyan Brown
Lime Yellow

then A ∩ B = {magenta} Purple

 ACTIVITY
State whether the following is True or False.
Suppose M = {Levi, Eren, Armin, Sasha},
R = {Eren, Connie, Erwin, Petra, Armin}
S = {Erwin, Armin, Jean, Reiner, Sasha};
then (M ⋂ R) ⋃ S = {Eren, Connie, Erwin,
Jean, Reiner, Sasha}
 ACTIVITY
State whether the following is True or False.
Suppose:
M = {Levi, Eren, Armin, Sasha},
R = {Eren, Connie, Erwin, Petra, Armin}
S = {Erwin, Armin, Jean, Reiner, Sasha};
then (M ⋂ R) ⋃ S = {Eren, Erwin, Armin, Jean,
Reiner, Sasha}
 ACTIVITY
State whether the following is True or False.
If Z = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}, X = {0, 1, 3, 10}, Y ={0}, W = {1, 3, 7, 9, 10}, T = {2, 5, 7,
8, 9, 10}, and S = {negative natural numbers} then W ∪ S = ∅.

The natural numbers (or

counting numbers) do not
include negative numbers.

Since the event is impossible

to occur, we write “null” ∅ or
{ } to represent that the set is
empty
HEADS OR TAILS?
Choose 'heads' or tails'. Flip a coin 5 times and record the data below.
Repeat the same experiment then compare and discuss the results:
Tally the information Graph the data

Heads Tails

Heads Tails
 ROLL A DIE
Roll a six-sided die five times and tabulate the results below.

1 2 3 4 5 6
QUESTIONS
Discuss your results with your neighbour.

Were your results the same? Why / why not?

How were they different?

Why were they different?

What chance is there of
getting a purple gumball?

What chance is there of

getting a yellow gumball?

How likely is it you will

get a purple gumball?
 What chance is there of
getting a purple gumball?

What chance is there of

getting a yellow gumball?

How likely is it you will

get a yellow gumball?
QUESTION TIME