WELCOME TO 54TH NITP CONFERENCE AND PAPER

PRESENTATION IN ASABA DELTA STATE, NIGERIA

CLIMATE CHANGE AND FLOOD INSTIGATED FOOD INSECURITY IN
NIGERIA STATE
By
*Ubani Princewill princeubani99@gmail.com *
Davidson S.A. Alaci dralacidsa@mail.com **
Nebee Bonny (M.SC Student)***
Edidiong Elijah Usip ****
*Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Ken-Poly Bori, Nigeria
Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Jos Plateau state
Department of Urban and Regional Planning,, Imo State University Owerre
Department of Urban and Regional Planning, AkwaIbom state Polytechnic,
 ORGANIZATION OF THE PRESENTATION
 INTRODUCTION .
 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK.
 LITERATURE REVIEW.
 MATERIALS AND METHOD
 ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS.
 RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION .
 SELECTED REFERENCES
1.0 INTRODUCTION
 The decision to abstain from food insecurity persuaded by natural and human
induced factors requires the commitment of relevant authorities and professionals of
built environment background that ;
 Identify food insecurity determinants and vulnerable areas.
 Carry out prediction for the responsible factors of such insecurity.
 Prepared to tackle the natural and man made determinants of the menace.
 Respond whenever the disaster that activates food insecurity manifest in rural and
urban communities.
 And commit large financial resource to sought for the final solutions of the
circumstances lingering food shortage to realise food surplus, healthy, nutritious and
crime free population of the environment across the income divisions of the regions

.
 STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
 Many regions of the globe experience food insecurity and its adverse effects
galvanised by natural and man factors.
 Regions prone to such menace identified that oils subside removal, cost of
transporting raw and finished agricultural products, annual Flooding, excess heat,
Rainfall, unfriendly insects to farmers, soil infertility, Kidnapping, theft,
terrorism, farmers and herdsmen clash, banditry, and alteration of crops by cattle
and other Herbivorous animal etc.
 However, the paste and present in Nigeria and Rivers State undeniably, declined
alleviation or mitigation measures on food insecurity but engage more on
importation and sharing of relief or food palliative that never yielded food
security, but money making venture for the political stakeholders and perpetual
poverty for many urban and rural dwellers (Researchers survey 2022).
SIGNIFICANT OF THE RESEARCH
 Academics / Researcher of food security and insecurity
 International community
 Policy Makers on food security in Nigeria
 Public bureau and statistics
 Agriculturist
 National population commission
 National orientation agency
 None governmental organisation
 Rural and urban population in Rivers State
 2.0 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
 Two prominent theories grounded the study (disaster reaction framework and pre
environmental development framework)
 Disaster reaction framework
 address environmental importance of stakeholders’ towards
 disaster readiness , adaptation, struggle, mitigation, social vulnerability and hazard
exposure in an environment .
 Pre Environmental Development Framework
 anchored on spatial planning and development of naturally designated areas for
agriculture purpose and allied matters. It encourage the control of environmental
induced hazard zones.
 Guarantees environmental safeties through scientific attention of urban planning,
architecture and allied professions.
3.0 L ITERATURE REVIEW
 On global standard, this study reviewed previous work conducted by Ubani
et al (2022), Abimbola and Kayode (2013), Liz (2019) and others that have
researched and written on determinants and associated facets of food
insecurity.
 Their findings established that;
 Loss of farmstead/ settlement by subsistence and commercial farmers
 Climate-connected tragedies (flood, erosion, rainstorm etc)
 loss of white cola Job and crops by families are connect to food insecurity
 Students and unemployed observed food insecurity in the third world
countries
 Low income household of seven and above experience food insecurity
• Food insecurity is common in many hinterlands of developing nation
• Food insecurity is an international matter but more worrisome in third
world nations
• Environmental insecurity and poor governmental policies brings food
security
• Also food insecurity observed in many communities of Nigeria relied on
smallholder agribusiness that sometimes disappoint
4.0 MATERIALS AND METHOD
 Secondary and primary data sources constitute the research work
 The secondary data involved books, research work, conference/seminar and
working papers, academic and professional journals and and maps on
challenges, flooding, Climate Change and anthropological Instrument of Food
Insecurity while environmental observations, oral discussion and
questionnaire was developed on natural and human instigated food insecurity
form the primary data.
 4.30 SAMPLE FRAME AND SIZE
Government ministries connected to built environment , disaster management
and food security constitute the sample frame.
 A total of 160 questionnaires were administered to 11 selected government
agencies, ministries and institutions (sample size)
Ministries used 65(40% for physical planning , environment, water resources &
Agriculture), Agencies 50 (29% for NEMA,NPC, ADP, NOA ), Institutions 45
(31%Research and statistics bureau , Agriculture school and Community leaders) .
Out of 160 questionnaires shared, 147 (92% ) were reverted for analysis.
5.0 ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
The regression statistical analysis was applied for food insecurity and natural
determinants relationship in the study area. The findings established that
• Flooding
• Surplus temperature and rainfall
• Higher wind and erosion
• Land infertility / minimal space for agro purpose
• Death of family/community heads
• Pest/ insects
• Unfertile land
• constitutes the natural phenomenon that triggers food insecurity in the area.
The implication is that 72.9% of households in rural and urban Rivers State
communities especially the medium and low income class observed food
insecurity manifested in poor rationing of food, unbalance diet and inability to
maintain daily three square meal.
• 5.2 Human/Anthropogenic Instrument for Settlements Food Insecurity
The standardized coefficient method (S.C.M) analysed anthropogenic
instrument of Food insecurity and tutored that militancy/ kidnapping,
destruction of crops by cattle and other animals, subsistence farming,
farmland dispute / litigation and communal crisis, oil exploration/ rural urban
migration, absence of mechanised farming, political consciousness, water
pollution/deforestation, poor urban agricultural practices and lack of political
will, quest for white cola job and over population are significant and human
instigated factors of food insecurity in urban and rural communities. This
implies that substantial percentage of food insecurity experienced in the study
area are generated by poor resources planning and social insecurity.
Food Insecurity Challenges in Rural and Urban Settlements
standard deviation analysis identified flooding with the standard deviation of
(0.99). sadness/depression (0.97), poor income and penury (0.95), oil theft
(0.92), theft of available agro product (0.91) as the five (5) environmental
challenges of food insecurity among households of urban and rural communities
of Nigeria. Suggesting that inability of households to secure food as a basic
necessity like shelter and cloth contributed immensely to high rate of crime
experienced in Nigeria towns and cities nowadays.
CONTRIBUTION TO KNOWLEDGE
Generally, the study has established guidelines and more database for natural
and human factors that requires consideration when planning or forecasting for
food security in Rivers state and other cities of Nigeria.
Provided reference point for the government and none governmental
organisations on food insecurity in Nigeria.
 6.0 RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION
It recommendations are put forward.
(1) There is need to identify, prepare, respond and sought final remedies for food
insecurity instigate by flood and climate change in future planning policies of the study
area.
(2) Re-planning of the federal government initiated palliative fund in Rivers state to
meet the present need of various income group and unemployed by expunging the
ideology of political stakeholders on palliative fund utilized carer civil servants.
(3) Sensitise the general public through formal programmes aimed at assisting various
income groups, unemployed and student gain access to surplus food .
Conclusion
This paper enlightened policy makers of urban planning, environmental management
horticulture, agriculture, households and resident concerning flooding, climatic change
and human phenomenon inducing food insecurity in Rivers state Nigeria. And realised
starvation, underfeeding, malnutrition poor health, income and poverty as the
challenges of food insecurity among the residents of the area (Ubani, Wocha and
Iyawona 2022).
SELECTED REFERENCE
Abimbola, O. A., and Kayode A. A (2013) ‘’Food Insecurity Status of Rural
Households during the Post-Planting Season in Nigeria’’ Journal of Agriculture
and Sustainability, 4 ( 1) 16-35

Anne-M. H., Jean-P. H. and Micheline, B. (1999) Food Insecurity: Consequences

for the Household and Broader Social Implications .The Journal of Nutrition,
129 (2) 525–528.

Liz, B. (2019) ‘’Food Insecurity in Regional Rural Australia’’ Australian Social

Work, 73 (2) 149-161

Ubani, P., Wocha, C., and Iyowuna, J. (2022)’’Environmental Disaster, Risky and
Food Insecurity in African Regions’’ International Journal of Research and
Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) 9 (11) 106-112

Emmanuel, M. (2017)’’ Building resilience to food insecurity in rural

communities: evidence from traditional institutions in Zimbabwe Journal of
Disaster Risk Studies’’ 9 (1)

Katherine, W. B., MS, R. W., John, H. H., Mary, S.M., Bonnie, H. R., Peter, J. H. M.,
and Mary, S.( 2012 )’’ High Food Insecurity and Its Correlates Among Families
Living on a Rural American Indian Reservation’’ American Journal of Public
Health, 102 (7 ) 1346-1352
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