Traumatic Brain

Injury
Group 12 Presentors

—Romalyn C. Santiago

—Trixie D. San Gabriel

—Sherwin V. Santiago
 Table of Contents
1 2
Traumatic Brain Types of Traumatic
Injury Origin Brain Injury

3 4 5 6
Traumatic Brain Primary & Secondary Signs and Treatment
Injury Brain Injury Symptoms
Traumatic Brain
Injury Origin
The concept of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
has been recognized throughout history. The
oldest known mention of brain injuries dates
back to 1600 BCE in ancient Egyptian texts
like the Edwin Smith Papyrus, which detailed
treatments for head injuries. This historical
perspective highlights that TBI has been
acknowledged for centuries, with early
civilizations documenting methods to address
such injuries.
 Traumatic
Brain Injury
 Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) happens
when a sudden, external, physical assault
damages the brain. The damage can be
focal or diffuse. The severity of a brain
injury can range from a mild concussion to
a severe injury that results in coma or even
death.
Types of Traumatic Brain
Injury
 Closed Brain Injury
(Blunt Traumatic Brain Injury)

Happen when there is a

non-penetrating injury
to the brain with no
break in the skull.
 Penetrating Brain Injury
(Open Head Brain Injury)

Happen when there is

a break in the skull,
such as when a bullet
pierces the brain.
 Primary and
Secondary Brain
Injury
 Primary Brain Injury

Refers to the sudden and

profound injury to the
brain that is considered to
be more or less complete
at the time of impact.
 Secondary Brain Injury
Refers to the changes that evolve
over a period of hours to days after
the Primary Brain Injury. It
includes an entire series of steps or
stages of cellular, chemical, tissue,
or blood vessel changes in the
brain that contribute to further
destruction of brain tissue.
Signs and
Symptoms
Symptoms of Moderate or
Severe TBI may change
over time.
 Some Common Mild TBI
Symptoms

Nausea and Dizziness or

Balance Issues Headaches
Vomiting

Sleeping less or more

Confusion Anxiety
than usual
 Some Common Moderate or
Severe Symptoms

Losing
Conciousness Aggressiveness

Hearing or
Vision Issues

Trouble Changes in Censory

Communicating Perception
Treatment
There are different treatments for
Mild and Moderate/Severe TBI.
Specific treatments vary
depending on your situation.
 Treatment for Mild TBI

Rest
Over-the-counter
Pain Relievers

Regular checkups over the next

few weeks to watch for new
symptoms or worsening
symptoms.
Treatment for Moderate/Severe
TBI
Remove any debris inside your
Relieve pressure
skull from a penetrating TBI,
inside your skull. where something breaks through
your skull and into your brain
tissue.

Remove blood Repair fractures in

clots. your skull.

Place monitors in
your brain to measure
pressure and
oxygenation.
 Once you recover from surgery,
you’ll probably begin rehabiliation treatment. You may receive:

Physical Therapy

Occupational Therapy

Speech Therapy
Respiratory Therapy

Psychological therapy to help with any

emotional or mental health issues.
Thanks for
Listening!