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Lecture - 8-Protein Evolution and Analysis
Lecture - 8-Protein Evolution and Analysis
February 5 2003
Protein Assays
• An assay is a method of detection
• Specific
• Sensitive
• Convenient to use
Enzyme-linked
Immunosorbent
Assay
• Usable in a complex
mixture
• High sensitivity
Electrophoresis
(R+A-) + B- (R+B-) + A-
Rattlesnake
Bread mold
gray whale
Tuna fish
cow,sheep
Man,chimp
silkworm
worm fly
Bullfrog
Chicken,
kangaroo
Candida
penguin
Yeast
turtle
rabbit
Donkey
monkey
Wheat
Horse
Duck
dog
Phylogenetic tree
Indicates the ancestral relationships among the
organisms that produced the protein.
Each branch point indicates a common ancestor.
Relative evolutionary distances between neighboring
branch points are expressed as the number of amino
acid differences per 100 residues of the protein.
PAM units
or
Percentage of Accepted Mutations
PAM values differ
for different
proteins.
Although DNA
mutates at an
assumed constant
rate. Some proteins
cannot accept
mutations because
the mutations kill
the function of the
protein and thus are
not viable.
Mutation rates appear constant in time