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Lecture - 19a-Metabolism and Sugars
Lecture - 19a-Metabolism and Sugars
4/2/03
Carbohydrate and sugar structure
Carbohydrates or saccharides are essential
components of living organisms.
(C•H2O)n Where n=3 or greater.
A single saccharide is called a monosaccharide.
Oligosaccharide is a few linked monosaccharides
and are at time associated with proteins
(glycoproteins) or lipids (glycolipids)
Polysaccharides consist of many monosaccharides
i.e. cellulose or glycogen
Monosaccharides (D-aldoses)
The Fischer convention, the basis for the D-
configuration in sugars comes from D-glyceraldhyde’s
configuration around its asymmetric carbon.
1 CHO 1 CHO
H
2 OH H
2 OH
3 3
HO H HO H
4 4
H OH H OH
5 5
H OH HO H
6 CH2OH 6
CH2OH
D-glucose L-glucose
Pentose
Hexose
Monosaccharides can form ring structures
O O
Furan Pyran
Glycosidic binds are between two sugars
• Energy Storage
– Starch -amylose and amypectin
• Structural
– Cellulose and Chitin
• Glycosaminoglycans
• Proteoglycans
-amylose
Cellulose (polyglucose)
Glycosaminoglycans & Proteoglycans
Bacteria Cell Walls
Peptidoglycan
Metabolism
ATP
ATP is the energy carrier for most
biological reactions
A road map of
metabolic
pathways.
Metabolic pathways