STUDY ON AIR POLLUTION CHARACTERIZATION

AND CONTROL STRATEGIES

Under the Supervision of Presented By

YOU Xueyi NAME ID NO.

Professor, Aditi Chakma 6320000858
School of Science and Engineering,
Tianjin University.
1
 PRESENTATION OUTLINE

LITERATURE OBJECTIVE METHODOLOGY

INTRODUCTION
REVIEW

RESEARCH RESULTS AND

CONCLUSION REFERENCES
PROGRESS DISCUSSION
 INTRODUCTION
Any atmospheric state when specific compounds are present in the air at a concentration that can harm humans
and the environment is known as air pollution (Bhattachary et al., 2013). Of all the pollution types, air
pollution is the most harmful because both humans and plants require fresh air for their regular metabolic
processes (Azim et al., 2013). Dhaka is the evidence of Bangladesh's quick urbanization, growing population
density, and dynamic economy. Estimates saying that there are around 23,234 people per square kilometer in
Dhaka which makes it one of the most densely populated cities on Earth [World Population Review].
Dhaka's economy thrives with textiles, manufacturing, services, and informal sectors, driving growth and
job opportunities. However, pollution from these activities, along with traffic vehicles, releases significant
amounts of air pollutants like PM2.5, PM10, NOx, SO2, and VOCs etc. These pollutants not only pose
immediate health risks but also have long-term implications for the environment and public health.

Bangladesh has been named the world's most polluted country for PM2.5 exposure while Dhaka has emerged
as the second most polluted city in the 2019 World Air Quality Report.
 INTRODUCTION
According to findings, Dhaka's yearly average concentration of PM2.5 was about eighteen times higher than the
WHO recommended level in 2022 (Basak, Palash & Dey, Soma & Elahi, Kh. (2024). The average yearly
concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 in Dhaka were 80.4 and 134 µg/m³, respectively, whereas the annual ambient
pollutant loading standards were 15 and 50 µg/m³ (Wadud et al., 2013).

Data from air quality monitoring are crucial for determining the scope of the issue and creating practical mitigation
plans. Important details on the amount and origins of air pollution are revealed by the concentration record over
time. This study presents the links assessed between 1996 and 2023 between Dhaka's ambient air quality, the
consequences of climate change, and economic diversity.

Citation
Hoque, M. M., et al. "Meteorological
influences on seasonal variations of air
pollutants (SO2, NO2, O3, CO, PM2. 5
and PM10) in the Dhaka Megacity." Am. J.
Pure Appl. Biosci 2.2 (2020): 15-23.
Alam, Mohammad Zahangeer, et al. "Air
pollutants and their possible health effects
at different locations in Dhaka
City." Journal of Current Chemical
Pharmaceutical Sciences 8.1 (2018): 111.
Literature Review
Description
In this study air quality data was collect from Darus-salam Continuous Air
Monitoring Station (CAMS) and were analyzed to find out their seasonal trends
and relation with meteorological parameter. The highest concentration of the
major air pollutants showed high values in the dry season (October-April)
(SO2=23.45 ppb, NO2=55.33 ppb, O3=11.17 ppb, CO=3.66ppb, PM2.5=125.66
µg/m3 , PM10=219 µg/m3 ) than those of the wet season (May-September)
(SO2=10.26 ppb, NO2=16.36 ppb, O3=2.40 ppb, CO=1.23 ppb, PM2.5=39.65
µg/m3 , PM10=76.5 µg/m3 ).
Different pollutants such as, volatile organic compounds (VOC, s), carbon
monoxide (CO), relative humidity (RH), nitrogen oxide (NOx), hydrogen sulfide
(H2S), carbon dioxide (CO2 ), oxygen (O2 ),sulfur dioxide(SO2 ), particulate
matter (PM10), particulate matter (PM2.5), suspended particulate matter (SPM),
and lead (Pb) were found to be at hazardous levels in this study area. The VOC
was found to have a statistically positive correlation with CO, RH, NOx, H2S,
CO2 , PM10, PM2.5.

Citation
Begum, Bilkis A., and Philip K. Hopke.
"Ambient air quality in Dhaka
Bangladesh over two decades: Impacts of
policy on air quality." Aerosol and Air
Quality Research 18.7 (2018): 1910-
1920.
Haque, Hafiz Ashraful, et al. "Ambient
air quality scenario in and around Dhaka
city of Bangladesh." Barishal University
Journal, Part-1 4.1 (2017): 203-218.
Literature Review
Description
Temporal trends (Figure 20 & Figure 21) in PM concentrations demonstrate
seasonal variations sharply; PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations in air remain higher
than the standards of Bangladesh during November to April, and during the time
from May to October the PM levels satisfy the limit values. The month of January
is found to be the most polluted month, followed by December and February.
Winter season (December – January) is also characterized with higher fraction of
fine particles to PM10 mass concentrations and the summer time (February –
April) is typified with coarse particles in air.
It is ascribed to the huge number of non-motorized and motorized vehicles on
roads, lack of application of proper traffic management schemes, improper
landuse planning, industrial growth, construction activities, resuspension of dusts,
and open burning. Consistent and coherent source for time series information on
SPM or PM concentrations in ambient air are also not available, since the
Continuous Air Monitoring Station (CAMS) of the Department of the
Environment (DoE) at Shangshad Bhaban in Dhaka started operating in 2002
(partially operative during 2007-2010)
 OBJECTIVES
The main objective of the study is

 To find the composition, emission intensity and current status of the sources of air pollution in
Dhaka city.

 To evaluate the degree of environmental pollution along with statistical relationship between
air pollutants and socio economic and climatic factors, emission characteristics of the
industries.

 Develop measures for total air pollutant control in Dhaka city based on multi- objective
perspective such as technical, economic and environmental impacts.
 METHODOLOGY

Literature Review

Data Collection

Data Analysis

Emission Inventory

Air Quality Status

Control Measures

Fig: Step by step flow diagram adopted for this study

 PRINCIPLES OF DATA MONITORING
Pollutant Bangladesh Standard WHO guideline Averaging Time

PM2.5 15 µg/m³ 10 µg/m³ Annual

65 µg/m³ 25 µg/m³ 24- hours
PM10 50 µg/m³ 15 µg/m³ Annual
150 µg/m³ 50 µg/m³ 24- hours
CO 10 mg/m³ 10 mg/m³ 8- hours
40 mg/m³ 30 mg/m³ 1- hour
SO2 80 µg/m³ - Annual
365 µg/m³ 20 µg/m³ 24- hours
NOx 100 - Annual

Table 3.1: Air pollutants standard chart

 RESULT and DISCUSSION
PM2.5 Year Average PM2.5 (µg/m3 )
1994 72
Data source:
1997 45.5
Swapan Kumar, et al 2002
1998 51.8
1999 64.1 Clean Air and Sustainable
Environment Project, 2018
2000 47.2
2001 30.7 Icddr,b
2013 92
2014 95
2015 90
2016 68
2017 80.5
JAN- MARCH(2024) 175.4

Table3.2: Average annual PM2.5 values of Dhaka City

 RESULT and DISCUSSION
PM2.5

Fig 3.1
Between 1994- 2001 highest PM2.5 average was 72 µg/m³ (S.K. Biswas et al., 2002). No values were more than 80 µg/m³. On
the other hand between 2013- 2017 highest average value of PM2.5 was 95 µg/m³ where maximum number of values were
above 80 µg/m³ except for 2016; it was 68 µg/m³ (Department of Environment Ministry of Environment, September 2018).
Furthermore in January 2024 the value was 266.8 µg/m³ (year 2024 Average 175.4 µg/m³ ) which is nowhere close to WHO
guideline and unhealthy according to EPA Global Standards. Current findings indicates that even after 51 years after
independence of Bangladesh there are no improvements on the environment of Dhaka city. Day by day it is getting worse for the
people of Dhaka city leading to a hazardous and unhabitable environment.
 RESULT and DISCUSSION
PM10 Year Average PM10 (µg/m3 )
1994 130.4 Data source:
1997 99.4 Swapan Kumar, et al 2002
1998 105.3
Clean Air and Sustainable
1999 126.3 Environment Project, 2018
2000 94.9
Icddr,b
2001 85.2
2013 161.4
2014 159.4
2015 172.8
2016 145.1
2017 142.6
JAN- MARCH(2024) 311.43
Table 3.2: Annual average PM10 of Dhaka city
 RESULT and DISCUSSION
PM10

Fig: 3.2
From the data table 3.2 all the years before 2024 exceeds Bangladesh standard and WHO guideline PM10.
Current annual average of 2024 is 311.43 µg/m³. The results shows no decrease of PM10 concentration over the
years from the last two decades.
 RESULT and DISCUSSION
AQI

Table 3.3: AQI of Dhaka March 2014 to December 2020

 RESULT and DISCUSSION

Unhealthy: 42%
USG: 33.33%
Very Unhealthy: 16.66%
Hazardous: 8.33%

Table 3.4: AQI of Dhaka from April 2023 to March 2024

 RESULT and DISCUSSION
AQI

From the table 3.3 we can see that only 35% of the average AQI were on Good and Moderate level and the
rest of the 64% are worse which we can say above the good limit of global AQI standard. Moreover from
the data table 3.4 for the last 12 months it is evident that there were no average values that had under good
or moderate range. 42% of the AQI values showed unhealthy, 33.3% of the values had Unhealthy for
sensitive groups, 16.66% were very unhealthy and 8.33% were Hazardous.
 RESEARCH PROGRESS

Finish the opening

Thesis writing
report

March 6, 2024 March 6, 2024 March 6, 2024 March 6, 2024

Thesis defense
Working on the
experiment
 CONCLUSION

Despite decades of attempts, Dhaka's air quality has repeatedly showed little to no improvement,
with PM2.5 and PM10 levels exceeding WHO recommendations as well as Bangladeshi
requirements. The information emphasizes how urgently comprehensive and successful policies
are needed to combat air pollution and protect the public's health in the area.
 REFERENCES
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science & technology 47.24 (2013): 13907-13916.

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Air Quality Research 18.7 (2018): 1910-1920.

7. Randall, Scott, et al. "Emissions Inventory for Dhaka and Chittagong of Pollutants PM10, PM2. 5, NOx, SOx, and CO." Norwegian Institute for Air
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 REFERENCES
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Thank You