11estem E5 Group 8 Chapter 2

Pamantasan ng Cabuyao
Katapatan Subdivision, Brgy. Banay-Banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna

Senior High School Department
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand i
“The Health Effects of Improper Waste Disposal of the Residents of
Barangay San Isidro, Cabuyao, Laguna”
A Senior High School Thesis Presented to the Faculty at
Pamantasan ng Cabuyao Senior High School
Department, City of Cabuyao
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the
(Academic and Science, Technology, Engineering and, Mathematics)
By:
Aidan Matthew Tuano
Christine Ray M. Samarita
Dodge Angelo B. Suarnaba
Glyzel Anne C. Peren
Grant Carl T. Sios-e
Marian D. Sarreal
Owen Dreed P. Santuyo
Princess Faye Santiago
Xandrea George A. Sta. Ana
JULY, 2022
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand ii

APPROVAL SHEET
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Senior High School (Track and
Strand), this thesis entitled: “Title (bold)” prepared and submitted by (NAMES) is
hereby recommended for corresponding Oral Examination.
( RESEARCH ADVISER’S NAME )
Adviser
COMMITTEE ON ORAL EXAMINATION
Approved and accepted by the Committee on Oral Examination with a grade
of _____.
______________________ ___________________
Member Member
____________________________________________
Chairman
Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
Senior High School.
July 15, 2022 Norberto Jr. M. Ferrer
Date Assistant Principal, Senior High School

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand iii

ADVISER’S CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that this senior high school thesis entitled: “Title” prepared
and submitted by (NAMES) has been edited by the undersigned.
( ADVISER’S NAME )
Adviser
STATISTICIAN CERTIFICATION
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand iv

and submitted by (NAME) has been statistically reviewed by the undersigned.
( STATISTICIAN NAME )
Statistician
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand v

LANGUAGE EDITOR CERTIFICATION
and submitted by (NAME) has been language editted and reviewed by the
undersigned.
( EDITOR’S NAME )
Language Editor
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand vi

AKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researchers wholeheartedly dedicate this study to all the people who
showed support for them, helped them, and believed in them.
To God, who gave them strength, patience, and knowledge so that they could
do this research, and for being one of their inspirations.
To the researchers' parents who guided them every day and never failed to
show their love and support to them.
To the researchers' friends, who are always by their side and encourage them
to do good every day.
(Name Initials)
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand vii

DEDICATION
(Name Initials)
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand viii

ABSTRACT
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand ix

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
APPROVAL SHEET ................................................................................. ii
ADVISER’S CERTIFICATION ……………………………………………………………………………… iii
STATISTICIAN CERTIFICATION ………………………………………………………...…………….. iv
LANGUAGE EDITOR CERTIFICATION ……………………………………………………………….. v
AKNOWLEDGEMENT .............................................................................. vi
DECICATION ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… vii
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................ viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS …………………………………………………………………………………………. ix
LIST OF FIGURES …………………………………………………………………………………..……….… xii
LIST OF TABLES ………………………………………………………………………………………………… xiii
Chapter
1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND …………………………..………. 1
INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………….…….… 1
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY ……………………………..……... 2
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ……………………………….………… 3
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ……………………………….…………. 6
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM ………………………………..….. 7

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand x

ASSUMPTIONS OF THE STUDY ………………………………….…… 7
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION ……………………………….……….. 8
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY ……………………………………. 8
DEFINITION OF TERMS …………………………………..…………… 9
2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES AND STUDIES…………..…… 10
(FIRST VARIABLE) ……………………………………………….... #
(SECOND VARIABLE) …………………………………………………… #
SYNTHESIS ………………………………………………………………….. #
3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ……………………………….………………..…. #
RESEARCH DESIGN ................................................ #
POPULATION AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUES …………..…… #
INSTRUMENT ……………………………………………………………..…. #
QUANTITATIVE DATA COLLECTION METHODS …………... #
STATISTICAL DATA ANALYSIS …………………………….………. #
4 PRESENTATION OF DATA, ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION ……………………………………………………………………….. #
5 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS
AND RECOMMENDATIONS ………………………………………………………….. #
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS …………………………………………………………….. #

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand xi

CONCLUSIONS ……………………………………………………………………………. #
RECOMMENDATIONS …………………………………………………………………… #
APPENDIX
A BIBLIOGRAPHY AND QUESTIONNAIRE ………..……………………………. #
B APPROVAL/ REQUEST LETTERS …………..……………………………………. #
C STATISTICAL TREATMENT ……………………………………………………….… #
D CURRICULUM VITAE …………………………………………………………………... #

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand xii
CHAPTER 1
The Problem and its Background
Introduction
We all know that waste is the number one problem all over the world.
Many countries have the same problem. There are many types of waste such as
cans, plastic bottles, newspapers, paper bags and others that cause blockages in the
sewerage and drainage that overflow and become floods in Barangay, San Isidro,
especially plastic that counts years before it decomposes. Flooding is not an easy
matter because it affects many people especially the residents of Barangay. San
Isidro. Because of this, people have various diseases such as leptospirosis that
comes from rat urine and enters the wound of people crossing the flood.
Waste from centuries ago would have been crudely buried because the
population was small and the waste was highly biodegradable. Similar to this archaic
disposal technique is landfill. Today, however, this is not an option because modern
trash is frequently difficult to biodegrade, the volume is too great, and ecosystems
are harmed. Reuse and recycling are strategies to address the aforementioned
problems since they lessen the quantity of garbage that ends up in landfills, hence
lowering the detrimental impacts of waste. Many materials, such as plastic and oil,
can be recycled, making it a popular and efficient method of waste disposal.
The least amounpt of trash possible ends up in landfills when waste is
disposed of properly. The manufacturing of dangerous compounds is decreased by
saving landfill space. In addition to lowering greenhouse gas emissions, proper waste
collection contributes to bettering the quality of the air and water. It assists in
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand xiii

minimizing the extraction of resources, as well as the pollution and energy
consumption connected with the production of new materials. The preservation of
the environment and the public's health is one of waste management's most
important advantages.
Background of the Study
As we all know, littering does no good to every one of us yet most people
still throw their trash everywhere that causes pollution. Most trash takes years to
decompose especially plastics, which cause great damage to our environment. Many
of you may not have given appropriate garbage disposal much thought, yet there are
many compelling reasons why waste management is essential. Waste management
mistakes have detrimental effects. Your improper waste disposal will end up harming
the environment and encourage the generation of greenhouse gases. Rubbish
management has traditionally been the straightforward dumping of waste in landfills
or other designated sites, which has had long-lasting harmful effects on the
ecosystem. Improper disposal of waste is truly problematic, and creating
disasters such as flooding due to the drainage being blocked by the wastes, various
waste may end up in the ocean, and the wastes may harm the residences and the
animals of the affected vicinity. This is one of the examples of where the wastes are
going when not properly disposed so our study seeks to determine the effects of
improper waste disposal on the health of the citizens of San Isidro, Cabuyao,
Laguna.
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand xiv
Theoretical Framework
Foreign
Solid waste management (SWM) is a major problem for many urban
local bodies (ULBs) in India, where urbanization, industrialization and economic
growth have resulted in increased municipal solid waste (MSW) generation per
person. Effective SWM is a major challenge in cities with high population density.
Achieving sustainable development within a country experiencing rapid population
growth and improvements in living standards is made more difficult in India because
it is a diverse country with many different religious groups, cultures and traditions.
An article by butot et al, 2007 shows that improper disposal or
disinfection of plastic bottles used for packaging drinks and water sold in many
developing countries, including in healthcare facilities and isolation centers, may be
another potential source of viral disease spread in those countries. used bottles may
be contaminated with the virus.
According to the World Bank’s What a Waste 2.0 report, the world
generates 2.01 billion tonnes of municipal solid waste annually, with at least 33% of
that not managed in an environmentally safe manner. An update to a previous
edition, the 2018 report projects that rapid urbanization, population growth, and
economic development will push global waste to increase by 70% over the next 30
years – to a staggering 3.40 billion tonnes of waste generated annually.
According to the Task Force of the Planning Commission, organic
waste generated at households such as food waste, kitchen waste, vegetable waste,
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand xv

fruit peels, paper etc. constitutes about 52% of the total waste. This organic waste
can undergo a fermentation process, creating a conducive environment for microbial
pathogens to survive and thrive. Thus, it may become a serious threat and cause
health hazards. Direct contact with such solid waste can cause different types of
infections and chronic ailments.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) Inadequately
disposed wastes could trigger off mortality, cancer, and even reproductive health
issues. These negative impacts could be due to the mismanagement of waste
activities in our cities and suburban areas. When soil, water and air pollution become
contaminated with hazardous chemicals, as a direct result of improper waste disposal
and poorly managed landfills, our beautiful wildlife, marine life and health are all at
risk.
Local
According to Aileen Lucero, national coordinator of Eco waste coalition,
the collection and proper disposal of waste are truly problematic, because of this,
many conflicts can be created, such as flooding due to the drainage being blocked by
the wastes, various waste may end up in the ocean, and the wastes may harm the
residences and the animals of the affected vicinity.
The Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) acting
secretary Jim sampulna said solid waste management remains a major problem for
the philippines mostly due to the mismanagement of waste segregation at the local
level. He said despite the enactment of republic act (RA) 9003 or the ecological solid
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand xvi

waste management of 2000 that mandates segregation at the barangay level, some
local government units (LGUS) have yet to strictly enforce the law.
Solid waste management remains a major challenge in the Philippines
especially in urban areas like Metro Manila. Improper waste disposal, inefficient
waste collection and lack of disposal facilities are among the dominant concerns in
the country’s solid waste management. Unless these are addressed, the waste
generated from various sources will continually lead to health hazards and serious
environmental impacts such as ground and surface water contamination, flooding, air
pollution and spread of diseases. Metro Manila generates over 10,000 tons of waste
every day, and this is expected to double by 2030. A sizable proportion of the refuse
is openly burned, further worsening the quality of the city’s already heavily polluted
air, or dumped in rivers, creeks and Manila Bay.
Unsurprisingly, the Philippines generates more solid waste as population
increases, living standards are enhanced, and urban and rural areas are being
developed. According to a report by the Senate Economic Planning Office (SEPO), the
country’s waste generation steadily increased from 37,427.46 tons per day in 2012
to 40,087.45 tons in 2016. Meanwhile, solid wastes produced by Philippine cities are
expected to increase by 165 percent to 77,776 tons by 2025.
According to Leshara Maniego from the Manila Times, “one of the biggest
illusions is that when our trash gets picked up by the garbage collector, it’s no longer
our problem; out of sight, out of mind”. The use of solid waste is not entirely the root
cause of the problem, it is the improper disposal of them.

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Conceptual Framework
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INPUT PROCESS
OUTPUT
-Is Improper waste
disposal one of the

-The researchers will
major problems of
determine the health
Barangay San Isidro,
effects of improper
Cabuyao, Laguna? -Conducting
waste disposal of the
Interviews
-Is Improper waste Residents of San
disposal one of the -Analysis of Data Isidro, Cabuyao,
major problems of Laguna
Barangay San Isidro,

-The Residents of San
Cabuyao, Laguna?
Isidro, Cabuyao,
-Is there a significant Laguna will learn the
effect between the health effects of
improper solid waste improper waste
disposal and the health disposal
of citizens in San Isidro,
Cabuyao, Laguna?
Statement of the Problem Feedback

This study aims to determine the effects of improper waste
Disposal on human health of citizens in San Isidro, Cabuyao, Laguna
1. Is Improper waste disposal one of the major problems of Barangay, San
Isidro, Cabuyao, Laguna?

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand xix
2. Do citizens of San Isidro practice appropriate methods of solid waste disposal
in public places?
3. Is there a significant effect between the improper solid waste disposal and the
health of citizens in San Isidro, Cabuyao, Laguna?
Assumption of the Study
1. The researchers assume that improper waste disposal has health effects on the
residents of Barangay San Isidro, Cabuyao, Laguna
2. The researchers assume that due to improper waste disposal we may face
several problems like unpleasant odor and the health problems.
3. The researchers assume that the outcome of improper waste disposal exposes
human to environmental degradation such as in flooding, drainage obstruction, and
widespread of infectious diseases.
4. The researchers assume that the informants will a reliable source of data and
will be honest in answering our questions
Scope and Delimitations
The research target location is at San Isidro Cabuyao, Laguna. This study will
cover the citizens of San Isidro Cabuyao, Laguna. The informants will be interviewed
by the researchers to know the effects of improper waste disposal to their health.
Therefore, it is only limited to the citizens of San Isidro, Cabuyao Laguna which are
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand xx

randomly chosen. This study delimits itself in only determining the effects of
improper waste disposal on the health of citizens of San Isidro, Cabuyao, Laguna
Significance of the Study
This study aimed to provide valuable information in determining how improper solid
plastic waste management affects the health of the residents of San Isidro, Cabuyao,
Laguna, and how this study can help us to improve our environment, and the health
of the people who encounter this problem. Moreover, the results of this study will be
beneficial to the following:
Student. This study provide students with information and knowledge on what
improper waste management does to the environment of San Isidro, Cabuyao,
Laguna, and the health of that community. This study could encourage and inspire
the students to be more responsible in maintaining a good environment in the future.
Parents. This study will give them a wider knowledge of the effects of improper
waste disposal on our environment and help them be responsible on their
surroundings for them to make sure that they’re maintaining a healthy environment
for their families.
Teachers. Teachers are known as a role model for the students. They give
knowledge for them to learn so by using this study they can broaden the
understanding of the students regarding in this kind of issues.
Schools. With the help of this study, schools will gain awareness regarding with how
improper solid plastic waste management affects the health of the people in the
environment considering that maintaining a safe environment is what a school
mainly prioritizes for the students. Therefore, this study will be beneficial to them.
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand xxi

Governments. This study may provide them with suggestions on how to help the
community properly in disposing of their plastic waste and give them knowledge
about the impact of improper waste disposal in the environment that needs to be
enhanced or improved.
Communities. By using this study, the community would be able to understand the
importance of knowing the different effects this problem may cause the health of the
people in San Isidro, Cabuyao, Laguna and help them resolve the issue by
cooperating with each other.
Future Researchers. The results of this study would be useful to future researchers
as it would act as a guide and a reference for them to gather information. This study
can also be useful to future researchers that will conduct the same nature of study
due to the fact that this study can give them some ideas and important aspects of
effects of improper waste disposal to the residents of San Isidro, Cabuyao, Laguna
Definition of Terms
Waste Disposal - The collection, processing, recycling, or deposition of the waste
materials of human society
Biodegradable - a substance or object capable of being decomposed by bacteria or
other living organisms.

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Greenhouse Gases – gases in Earth's atmosphere that trap heat. They let sunlight
pass through the atmosphere, but they prevent the heat that the sunlight brings
from leaving the atmosphere. The main greenhouse gases are: Water vapor. Carbon
dioxide
Landfills - a place to dispose of refuse and other waste material by burying it and
covering it over with soil, especially as a method of filling in or extending usable
land.
Solid Waste Management (SWM) - the collecting, treating, and disposing of solid
material that is discarded because it has served its purpose or is no longer useful.
Organic Waste – any material that is biodegradable and comes from either a plant
or an animal. Biodegradable waste is organic material that can be broken into carbon
dioxide, methane or simple organic molecules.
Urbanization – the process by which large numbers of people become permanently
concentrated in relatively small areas, forming cities
Fermentation Process – s a metabolic process in which an organism converts a
carbohydrate, such as starch or a sugar, into an alcohol or an acid.
Health Hazards – re chemical, physical or biological factors in our environment that
can have negative impacts on our short- or long-term health
Chapter 2
Review of Related Literatures and Studies
In this chapter, literature, and studies made by foreign and local educators
which are found relevant in conducting the present study have been reviewed.
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand xxiii

Theories, findings, notions, and differences from scholarly researchers, journals, and
articles related to The Health Effects of Improper Waste Disposal to the Residents of
Barangay San Isidro, Cabuyao, Laguna. Students are presented to support and give
background to the present study.
Related Studies
A. Local
Philippines Solid Wastes At a Glance (2017). Solid waste management remains a
major challenge in the Philippines especially in urban areas like Metro Manila.
Improper wastes disposal, inefficient wastes collection and lack of disposal facilities
are among the dominant concerns in the country’s solid waste management. Unless
these are addressed, the wastes generated from various sources will continually lead
to health hazards and serious environmental impacts such as ground and surface
water contamination, flooding, air pollution and spread of diseases. The Philippines
waste generation continues to rise with the increase in population, improvement of
living standards, rapid economic growth, and industrialization especially in the urban
areas. The NSWMC calculated that from 37,427.46 tons per day in 2012, the
country’s waste generation steadily increased to 40,087.45 tons in 2016 with an
estimated average per capita waste generation of 0.40 kilograms per day for both
urban and rural.
Castillo & Otoma (2013). The global community recognized that Solid Waste
Management (SWM) is an issue that requires serious attention. The aggressive
pursuit for economic growth, by developing countries like the Philippines, has
resulted in the manufacture, distribution and use of products and generation of

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand xxiv

wastes that contributes to environmental degradation and global climate change.
Available data showed that the Philippines is the 9th most among the countries at
risk from climate change due to rise of sea levels, intense storm surges and
droughts. This is heavily manifested in the frequent and intense floods the country is
experiencing from devastating typhoons which, many claim, are due to climate
change. Along with the country’s economic progress, the rapid growth in population
has also made waste management a major environmental challenge for the country.
Oracion & De La Rama & Oracion (2018). Waste management is not only an
environmental issue that requires a technical solution—it is also a social concern
because the production and disposal of waste involves a hierarchy of actors. There
are those who stand to benefit in the growth of the local economy; while others are
exposed to the danger of hazardous waste and work environment. This article
compares the work and health conditions among workers who are “directly” and
“indirectly” exposed to hazardous waste and the waste management facilities of
Bayawan City in Negros Oriental. Seventy-three percent of the randomly selected
120 waste workers are aware of the associated health risk of their work but this is
relative to the extent of their exposure to hazardous waste and work environment,
which subsequently is likewise linked to the perceived quality of their health.
Therefore, ensuring a healthy workforce is recommended through the provision of
health security measures and the appropriation of an annual budget for the said
purpose that has to be properly allocated to meet both the technical and social
priorities of an integrated waste management program.
Geguinto (2016) Solid Waste Management Practices of Select State
Universities in CALABARZON, Philippines. Urban solid waste management is

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand xxv

considered as one of the most immediate and serious environmental problems in
many of the developing countries. Still, waste collection rates are often lower than
70 per cent in low-income countries. Environmental degradation is worsened by the
escalating accretion of solid wastes which have been improperly thrown everywhere.
Solid wastes pertain to all unnecessary wastes coming from households, institutions,
farming and industries. Solid wastes have been the problem of rapidly urbanising
communities because of improper solid waste management practices in terms of
waste segregation, collection and transport, waste disposal and recycling. Dumping
of solid wastes had exacerbated the effects of rains, typhoons, and storms, resulting
in impeding water flows and flash floods. Thus, Solid Waste Management (SWM)
remains a pressing environmental issue.
Matunog & Awa (2013) Solid Waste Generation Rate in Ozamiz City,
Philippines. Improper waste disposal is one of the most important concerns in almost
all areas in the Philippines. Republic Act (R. A.) No. 9003, otherwise known as the
â€œPhilippine Ecological Waste Management Act of 2000â€ required Local
Government Units (LGUs) to establish a Local Government Solid Waste Management
Plan (LGSWMP). Within this context, the local government of Ozamiz City in
partnership with Misamis University undertook this study to gather data on the
current status of solid wastes, and to make a projection on the amount of wastes
which will be collected for the next ten years. Result showed that among the four
categories, biodegradable predominates followed by residual wastes. The household
wastes constituted 88.9% by weight and 85.9% by volume of the total wastes.
These results can be used in establishing a comprehensive and sustainable Solid
Waste Management (SWM) plan which requires appropriate strategies and mechanics
in addressing the problem of waste disposal.

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B. Foreign
Yosufi & Azizullah (2019). A detailed study of the ongoing situation shows that
the solid waste management in Kabul is not appropriate and a set of challenges
exists in a different part of the system, local people have more concern with solid
waste, but from another side, they devote less attention to them. Most of them do
not have knowledge about the impact of hazardous waste and how to separate and
recycle. Management of municipal solid waste in Kabul has travailed neglect from
government and the general public. These negligence lead to several health issues
such as direct injuries from a contaminated sharp object, water contamination by
excreta and effect of heavy metal components of municipal solid waste as well as
flood resulting from drain occlusion. All these flowers in the possibilities for the
transition of food and waterborne zoonoses, and the emergence and reemergence of
new zoonoses.
Chadar S & Keerti C (2017). Solid waste can pollute air, water and soil, and
leave various environmental impacts, and cause health hazards, due to improper
handling and transportation. These adverse effects are seen on health and
environment, some of them are as follows: (1) Leachates from refuge dumps
percolates into the soil and contaminate underground water (Keerti, 2017), (2)
waste products, when burned, pollutes the atmosphere with noxious fumes as well
as emits obnoxious odour when decomposed (Bhattacharya & Banerjee, 2008), (3)
rats dwelling with infectious wastes may spread diseases like plague, salmonellosis,
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trichinosis, endemic typhus, etc., (4) water supply, if gets contaminated with
pathogens present in solid wastes, may result in cholera, jaundice, hepatitis, gastro
enteric diseases, etc., (5) water and food contamination through flies causes various
diseases in humans as dysentery, diarrhoea and amoebic dysentery (Gupta, 1997).
N Gupta, KK Yadav, V Kumar (2015). Municipal solid waste management
is a major environmental issue in India. Due to rapid increase in urbanisation,
industrialization and population, the generation rate of municipal
solid waste in Indian cities and towns is also increasing. Mismanagement of
municipal solid waste can cause adverse environmental impacts, public health risk
and other socio-economic problem. This paper presents an overview of current status
of solid wastemanagement in India which can help the competent authorities
responsible for muncipalities.
Shahzadi, A., Hussain, M., Afzal, M., & Gilani, S. A. (2018). Determination of
the Level of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Regarding Household Waste Disposal
among People in the Rural Community of Lahore. Waste disposal is one of the major
environmental problems all over the world. Improper waste disposal causes breeding
and may cause infectious diseases like cholera, smallpox, and plague, etc. The
knowledge of waste disposal is necessary for the health of people. various study
reveals that about 90% of people disposal of waste in open places and use the
method of land filling, which increases the problems for health of public and the
environment.
Olukanni DO, Akinyinka OM (2012) Environment, health and wealth: towards

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an analysis of municipal solid waste management in Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria.
Presented at the International Conference on Clean Technology and Engineering
Management, Covenant University. The importance of waste collection, transfer and
disposal cannot be overemphasised. Apart from the issue of esthetics, uncollected
wastes constitute a health risk, which can be a serious consideration in low-income
residential areas. Leachate from uncollected and decomposed garbage waste can
contaminate groundwater and this could have enormous health implications in low-
income communities where the use of well-water for drinking is common.
Environment health conditions are hampered through the pollution of ground and
surface water by leachates from dump sites. Air pollution is often caused by open
burning at dumps leading to foul odours and wind-blown litters. In dump sites,
Methane is an important greenhouse gas, which is a by-product of the anaerobic
decomposition of organic wastes.

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand xxix

11estem E5 Group 8 Chapter 2

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Pamantasan ng Cabuyao

Katapatan Subdivision, Brgy. Banay-Banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand i

“The Health Effects of Improper Waste Disposal of the Residents of

Barangay San Isidro, Cabuyao, Laguna”

A Senior High School Thesis Presented to the Faculty at

Pamantasan ng Cabuyao Senior High School

Department, City of Cabuyao

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the

(Academic and Science, Technology, Engineering and, Mathematics)

Aidan Matthew Tuano

Christine Ray M. Samarita

Dodge Angelo B. Suarnaba

Glyzel Anne C. Peren

Grant Carl T. Sios-e

Owen Dreed P. Santuyo

Princess Faye Santiago

Xandrea George A. Sta. Ana

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand ii

hereby recommended for corresponding Oral Examination.

( RESEARCH ADVISER’S NAME )

COMMITTEE ON ORAL EXAMINATION

Approved and accepted by the Committee on Oral Examination with a grade

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

Senior High School.

July 15, 2022 Norberto Jr. M. Ferrer

Date Assistant Principal, Senior High School

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand iii

and submitted by (NAMES) has been edited by the undersigned.

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand iv

and submitted by (NAME) has been statistically reviewed by the undersigned.

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand v

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand vi

showed support for them, helped them, and believed in them.

do this research, and for being one of their inspirations.

show their love and support to them.

to do good every day.

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand vii

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand viii

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand ix

APPROVAL SHEET ................................................................................. ii

ADVISER’S CERTIFICATION ……………………………………………………………………………… iii

STATISTICIAN CERTIFICATION ………………………………………………………...…………….. iv

LANGUAGE EDITOR CERTIFICATION ……………………………………………………………….. v

DECICATION ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… vii

ABSTRACT ............................................................................................ viii

TABLE OF CONTENTS …………………………………………………………………………………………. ix

LIST OF FIGURES …………………………………………………………………………………..……….… xii

LIST OF TABLES ………………………………………………………………………………………………… xiii

1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND …………………………..………. 1

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY ……………………………..……... 2

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ……………………………….………… 3

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ……………………………….…………. 6

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM ………………………………..….. 7

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand x

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION ……………………………….……….. 8

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY ……………………………………. 8

DEFINITION OF TERMS …………………………………..…………… 9

2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES AND STUDIES…………..…… 10

(FIRST VARIABLE) ……………………………………………….... #

(SECOND VARIABLE) …………………………………………………… #

3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ……………………………….………………..…. #