Pamantasan ng Cabuyao

Katapatan Subdivision, Brgy. Banay-Banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna

Senior High School Department

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand i

“The Health Effects of Improper Waste Disposal of the Residents of

Barangay San Isidro, Cabuyao, Laguna”

A Senior High School Thesis Presented to the Faculty at

Pamantasan ng Cabuyao Senior High School

Department, City of Cabuyao

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the

(Academic and Science, Technology, Engineering and, Mathematics)

By:

Aidan Matthew Tuano

Christine Ray M. Samarita

Dodge Angelo B. Suarnaba

Glyzel Anne C. Peren

Grant Carl T. Sios-e

Marian D. Sarreal

Owen Dreed P. Santuyo

Princess Faye Santiago

Xandrea George A. Sta. Ana

JULY, 2022
 Pamantasan ng Cabuyao
Katapatan Subdivision, Brgy. Banay-Banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna
Senior High School Department

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand ii

APPROVAL SHEET

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Senior High School (Track and

Strand), this thesis entitled: “Title (bold)” prepared and submitted by (NAMES) is

hereby recommended for corresponding Oral Examination.

( RESEARCH ADVISER’S NAME )

Adviser

COMMITTEE ON ORAL EXAMINATION

Approved and accepted by the Committee on Oral Examination with a grade

of _____.

______________________ ___________________

Member Member

____________________________________________

Chairman

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

Senior High School.

July 15, 2022 Norberto Jr. M. Ferrer

Date Assistant Principal, Senior High School

 Pamantasan ng Cabuyao
Katapatan Subdivision, Brgy. Banay-Banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna
Senior High School Department

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand iii

ADVISER’S CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that this senior high school thesis entitled: “Title” prepared

and submitted by (NAMES) has been edited by the undersigned.

( ADVISER’S NAME )

Adviser

STATISTICIAN CERTIFICATION
 Pamantasan ng Cabuyao
Katapatan Subdivision, Brgy. Banay-Banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna
Senior High School Department

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand iv

This is to certify that this senior high school thesis entitled: “Title” prepared

and submitted by (NAME) has been statistically reviewed by the undersigned.

( STATISTICIAN NAME )

Statistician
 Pamantasan ng Cabuyao
Katapatan Subdivision, Brgy. Banay-Banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna
Senior High School Department

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand v

LANGUAGE EDITOR CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that this senior high school thesis entitled: “Title” prepared

and submitted by (NAME) has been language editted and reviewed by the

undersigned.

( EDITOR’S NAME )

Language Editor
 Pamantasan ng Cabuyao
Katapatan Subdivision, Brgy. Banay-Banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna
Senior High School Department

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand vi

AKNOWLEDGEMENT

(Insert here your acknowledgement)

(Name Initials)
 Pamantasan ng Cabuyao
Katapatan Subdivision, Brgy. Banay-Banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna
Senior High School Department

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand vii

DEDICATION

The researchers wholeheartedly dedicate this study to all the people who

showed support for them, helped them, and believed in them.

To God, who gave them strength, patience, and knowledge so that they could

do this research, and for being one of their inspirations.

To the researchers' parents who guided them every day and never failed to

show their love and support to them.

To the researchers' friends, who are always by their side and encourage them

to do good every day.

(Name Initials)

ABSTRACT
 Pamantasan ng Cabuyao
Katapatan Subdivision, Brgy. Banay-Banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna
Senior High School Department

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand viii

TABLE OF CONTENTS
 Pamantasan ng Cabuyao
Katapatan Subdivision, Brgy. Banay-Banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna
Senior High School Department

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand ix

Page

APPROVAL SHEET ................................................................................. ii

ADVISER’S CERTIFICATION ……………………………………………………………………………… iii

STATISTICIAN CERTIFICATION ………………………………………………………...…………….. iv

LANGUAGE EDITOR CERTIFICATION ……………………………………………………………….. v

AKNOWLEDGEMENT .............................................................................. vi

DECICATION ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… vii

ABSTRACT ............................................................................................ viii

TABLE OF CONTENTS …………………………………………………………………………………………. ix

LIST OF FIGURES …………………………………………………………………………………..……….… xii

LIST OF TABLES ………………………………………………………………………………………………… xiii

Chapter

1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND …………………………..………. 1

INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………….…….… 1

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY ……………………………..……... 2

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ……………………………….………… 3

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ……………………………….…………. 6

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM ………………………………..….. 7

ASSUMPTIONS OF THE STUDY ………………………………….…… 7

 Pamantasan ng Cabuyao
Katapatan Subdivision, Brgy. Banay-Banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna
Senior High School Department

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand x

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION ……………………………….……….. 8

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY ……………………………………. 8

DEFINITION OF TERMS …………………………………..…………… 9

2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES AND STUDIES…………..…… #

(FIRST VARIABLE) ……………………………………………….... #

(SECOND VARIABLE) …………………………………………………… #

SYNTHESIS ………………………………………………………………….. #

3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ……………………………….………………..…. #

RESEARCH DESIGN ................................................ #

POPULATION AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUES …………..…… #

INSTRUMENT ……………………………………………………………..…. #

QUANTITATIVE DATA COLLECTION METHODS …………... #

STATISTICAL DATA ANALYSIS …………………………….………. #

4 PRESENTATION OF DATA, ANALYSIS AND

INTERPRETATION ……………………………………………………………………….. #

5 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS

AND RECOMMENDATIONS ………………………………………………………….. #

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS …………………………………………………………….. #

CONCLUSIONS ……………………………………………………………………………. #
 Pamantasan ng Cabuyao
Katapatan Subdivision, Brgy. Banay-Banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna
Senior High School Department

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand xi

RECOMMENDATIONS …………………………………………………………………… #

APPENDIX

A BIBLIOGRAPHY AND QUESTIONNAIRE ………..……………………………. #

B APPROVAL/ REQUEST LETTERS …………..……………………………………. #

C STATISTICAL TREATMENT ……………………………………………………….… #

D CURRICULUM VITAE …………………………………………………………………... #

 Pamantasan ng Cabuyao
Katapatan Subdivision, Brgy. Banay-Banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna
Senior High School Department

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand xii

CHAPTER 1

The Problem and its Background

Introduction

 We all know that waste is the number one problem all over the world.

Many countries have the same problem. There are many types of waste such as

cans, plastic bottles, newspapers, paper bags and others that cause blockages in the

sewerage and drainage that overflow and become floods in Barangay, San Isidro,

especially plastic that counts years before it decomposes. Flooding is not an easy

matter because it affects many people especially the residents of Barangay. San

Isidro. Because of this, people have various diseases such as leptospirosis that

comes from rat urine and enters the wound of people crossing the flood.

           Waste from centuries ago would have been crudely buried because the

population was small and the waste was highly biodegradable. Similar to this archaic

disposal technique is landfill. Today, however, this is not an option because modern

trash is frequently difficult to biodegrade, the volume is too great, and ecosystems

are harmed. Reuse and recycling are strategies to address the aforementioned

problems since they lessen the quantity of garbage that ends up in landfills, hence

lowering the detrimental impacts of waste. Many materials, such as plastic and oil,

can be recycled, making it a popular and efficient method of waste disposal. 

       The least amounpt of trash possible ends up in landfills when waste is

disposed of properly. The manufacturing of dangerous compounds is decreased by

saving landfill space. In addition to lowering greenhouse gas emissions, proper waste

collection contributes to bettering the quality of the air and water. It assists in

minimizing the extraction of resources, as well as the pollution and energy

consumption connected with the production of new materials. The preservation of

 Pamantasan ng Cabuyao
Katapatan Subdivision, Brgy. Banay-Banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna
Senior High School Department

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand xiii

the environment and the public's health is one of waste management's most

important advantages.

Background of the Study

As we all know, littering does no good to every one of us yet most people

still throw their trash everywhere that causes pollution. Most trash takes years to

decompose especially plastics, which cause great damage to our environment. Many

of you may not have given appropriate garbage disposal much thought, yet there are

many compelling reasons why waste management is essential. Waste management

mistakes have detrimental effects. Your improper waste disposal will end up harming

the environment and encourage the generation of greenhouse gases. Rubbish

management has traditionally been the straightforward dumping of waste in landfills

or other designated sites, which has had long-lasting harmful effects on the

ecosystem. Improper disposal of waste is truly problematic, and creating

disasters such as flooding due to the drainage being blocked by the wastes, various

waste may end up in the ocean, and the wastes may harm the residences and the

animals of the affected vicinity. This is one of the examples of where the wastes are

going when not properly disposed so our study seeks to determine the effects of

improper waste disposal on the health of the citizens of San Isidro, Cabuyao,

Laguna.
 Pamantasan ng Cabuyao
Katapatan Subdivision, Brgy. Banay-Banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna
Senior High School Department

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand xiv

Theoretical Framework

Foreign

Solid waste management (SWM) is a major problem for many urban

local bodies (ULBs) in India, where urbanization, industrialization and economic

growth have resulted in increased municipal solid waste (MSW) generation per

person. Effective SWM is a major challenge in cities with high population density.

Achieving sustainable development within a country experiencing rapid population

growth and improvements in living standards is made more difficult in India because

it is a diverse country with many different religious groups, cultures and traditions.

An article by butot et al, 2007 shows that improper disposal or

disinfection of plastic bottles used for packaging drinks and water sold in many

developing countries, including in healthcare facilities and isolation centers, may be

another potential source of viral disease spread in those countries. used bottles may

be contaminated with the virus.

                    According to the World Bank’s What a Waste 2.0 report, the world

generates 2.01 billion tonnes of municipal solid waste annually, with at least 33% of

that not managed in an environmentally safe manner. An update to a previous

edition, the 2018 report projects that rapid urbanization, population growth, and

economic development will push global waste to increase by 70% over the next 30

years – to a staggering 3.40 billion tonnes of waste generated annually.

             According to the Task Force of the Planning Commission, organic

waste generated at households such as food waste, kitchen waste, vegetable waste,

fruit peels, paper etc. constitutes about 52% of the total waste. This organic waste
 Pamantasan ng Cabuyao
Katapatan Subdivision, Brgy. Banay-Banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna
Senior High School Department

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand xv

can undergo a fermentation process, creating a conducive environment for microbial

pathogens to survive and thrive. Thus, it may become a serious threat and cause

health hazards. Direct contact with such solid waste can cause different types of

infections and chronic ailments. 

            According to the World Health Organization (WHO) Inadequately

disposed wastes could trigger off mortality, cancer, and even reproductive health

issues. These negative impacts could be due to the mismanagement of waste

activities in our cities and suburban areas. When soil, water and air pollution become

contaminated with hazardous chemicals, as a direct result of improper waste disposal

and poorly managed landfills, our beautiful wildlife, marine life and health are all at

risk.

Local

              According to Aileen Lucero, national coordinator of Eco waste coalition,

the collection and proper disposal of waste are truly problematic, because of this,

many conflicts can be created, such as flooding due to the drainage being blocked by

the wastes, various waste may end up in the ocean, and the wastes may harm the

residences and the animals of the affected vicinity.

                 The Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) acting

secretary Jim sampulna said solid waste management remains a major problem for

the philippines mostly due to the mismanagement of waste segregation at the local

level. He said despite the enactment of republic act (RA) 9003 or the ecological solid

waste management of 2000 that mandates segregation at the barangay level, some

local government units (LGUS) have yet to strictly enforce the law.
 Pamantasan ng Cabuyao
Katapatan Subdivision, Brgy. Banay-Banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna
Senior High School Department

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand xvi

            Solid waste management remains a major challenge in the Philippines

especially in urban areas like Metro Manila. Improper waste disposal, inefficient

waste collection and lack of disposal facilities are among the dominant concerns in

the country’s solid waste management. Unless these are addressed, the waste

generated from various sources will continually lead to health hazards and serious

environmental impacts such as ground and surface water contamination, flooding, air

pollution and spread of diseases. Metro Manila generates over 10,000 tons of waste

every day, and this is expected to double by 2030. A sizable proportion of the refuse

is openly burned, further worsening the quality of the city’s already heavily polluted

air, or dumped in rivers, creeks and Manila Bay.

         Unsurprisingly, the Philippines generates more solid waste as population

increases, living standards are enhanced, and urban and rural areas are being

developed. According to a report by the Senate Economic Planning Office (SEPO), the

country’s waste generation steadily increased from 37,427.46 tons per day in 2012

to 40,087.45 tons in 2016. Meanwhile, solid wastes produced by Philippine cities are

expected to increase by 165 percent to 77,776 tons by 2025.

        According to Leshara Maniego from the Manila Times, “one of the biggest

illusions is that when our trash gets picked up by the garbage collector, it’s no longer

our problem; out of sight, out of mind”. The use of solid waste is not entirely the root

cause of the problem, it is the improper disposal of them.

 Pamantasan ng Cabuyao
Katapatan Subdivision, Brgy. Banay-Banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna
Senior High School Department

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand xvii

Conceptual Framework
 Pamantasan ng Cabuyao
Katapatan Subdivision, Brgy. Banay-Banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna
Senior High School Department

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand xviii

INPUT PROCESS
OUTPUT

-Is Improper waste

disposal one of the

-The researchers will
major problems of
determine the health
Barangay San Isidro,
effects of improper
Cabuyao, Laguna? -Conducting
waste disposal of the
Interviews
-Is Improper waste Residents of San

disposal one of the -Analysis of Data Isidro, Cabuyao,

major problems of Laguna

Barangay San Isidro,

-The Residents of San
Cabuyao, Laguna?
Isidro, Cabuyao,

-Is there a significant Laguna will learn the

effect between the health effects of

improper solid waste improper waste

disposal and the health disposal

of citizens in San Isidro,

Cabuyao, Laguna?

Statement of the Problem Feedback

This study aims to determine the effects of improper waste

Disposal on human health of citizens in San Isidro, Cabuyao, Laguna

1. Is Improper waste disposal one of the major problems of Barangay, San

Isidro, Cabuyao, Laguna?

 Pamantasan ng Cabuyao
Katapatan Subdivision, Brgy. Banay-Banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna
Senior High School Department

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand xix

2. Do citizens of San Isidro practice appropriate methods of solid waste disposal

in public places?

3. Is there a significant effect between the improper solid waste disposal and the

health of citizens in San Isidro, Cabuyao, Laguna?

Assumption of the Study

1. The researchers assume that improper waste disposal has health effects on the

residents of Barangay San Isidro, Cabuyao, Laguna

2. The researchers assume that due to improper waste disposal we may face

several problems like unpleasant odor and the health problems.

3. The researchers assume that the outcome of improper waste disposal exposes

human to environmental degradation such as in flooding, drainage obstruction, and

widespread of infectious diseases.

4. The researchers assume that the informants will a reliable source of data and

will be honest in answering our questions

Scope and Delimitations

 Pamantasan ng Cabuyao
Katapatan Subdivision, Brgy. Banay-Banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna
Senior High School Department

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand xx

The research target location is at San Isidro Cabuyao, Laguna. This study will

cover the citizens of San Isidro Cabuyao, Laguna. The informants will be interviewed

by the researchers to know the effects of improper waste disposal to their health.

Therefore, it is only limited to the citizens of San Isidro, Cabuyao Laguna which are

randomly chosen. This study delimits itself in only determining the effects of

improper waste disposal on the health of citizens of San Isidro, Cabuyao, Laguna

Significance of the Study

 This study aimed to provide valuable information in determining how improper solid

plastic waste management affects the health of the residents of San Isidro, Cabuyao,

Laguna, and how this study can help us to improve our environment, and the health

of the people who encounter this problem. Moreover, the results of this study will be

beneficial to the following: 

Student. This study provide students with information and knowledge on what

improper waste management does to the environment of San Isidro, Cabuyao,

Laguna, and the health of that community. This study could encourage and inspire

the students to be more responsible in maintaining a good environment in the future.

Parents. This study will give them a wider knowledge of the effects of improper

waste disposal on our environment and help them be responsible on their

surroundings for them to make sure that they’re maintaining a healthy environment

for their families.

Teachers. Teachers are known as a role model for the students. They give

knowledge for them to learn so by using this study they can broaden the

understanding of the students regarding in this kind of issues.

 Pamantasan ng Cabuyao
Katapatan Subdivision, Brgy. Banay-Banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna
Senior High School Department

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand xxi

Schools. With the help of this study, schools will gain awareness regarding with how

improper solid plastic waste management affects the health of the people in the

environment considering that maintaining a safe environment is what a school

mainly prioritizes for the students. Therefore, this study will be beneficial to them.

Governments. This study may provide them with suggestions on how to help the

community properly in disposing of their plastic waste and give them knowledge

about the impact of improper waste disposal in the environment that needs to be

enhanced or improved.

Communities. By using this study, the community would be able to understand the

importance of knowing the different effects this problem may cause the health of the

people in San Isidro, Cabuyao, Laguna and help them resolve the issue by

cooperating with each other.

Future Researchers. The results of this study would be useful to future researchers

as it would act as a guide and a reference for them to gather information. This study

can also be useful to future researchers that will conduct the same nature of study

due to the fact that this study can give them some ideas and important aspects of

effects of improper waste disposal to the residents of San Isidro, Cabuyao, Laguna

Definition of Terms

Waste Disposal - The collection, processing, recycling, or deposition of the waste

materials of human society

Biodegradable - a substance or object capable of being decomposed by bacteria or

other living organisms.

Greenhouse Gases – gases in Earth's atmosphere that trap heat. They let sunlight

pass through the atmosphere, but they prevent the heat that the sunlight brings
 Pamantasan ng Cabuyao
Katapatan Subdivision, Brgy. Banay-Banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna
Senior High School Department

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand xxii

from leaving the atmosphere. The main greenhouse gases are: Water vapor. Carbon

dioxide

Landfills - a place to dispose of refuse and other waste material by burying it and

covering it over with soil, especially as a method of filling in or extending usable

land.

Solid Waste Management (SWM) - the collecting, treating, and disposing of solid

material that is discarded because it has served its purpose or is no longer useful.

Organic Waste – any material that is biodegradable and comes from either a plant

or an animal. Biodegradable waste is organic material that can be broken into carbon

dioxide, methane or simple organic molecules.

Urbanization – the process by which large numbers of people become permanently

concentrated in relatively small areas, forming cities

Fermentation Process – s a metabolic process in which an organism converts a

carbohydrate, such as starch or a sugar, into an alcohol or an acid. 

Health Hazards – re chemical, physical or biological factors in our environment that

can have negative impacts on our short- or long-term health

 Pamantasan ng Cabuyao
Katapatan Subdivision, Brgy. Banay-Banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna
Senior High School Department

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand xxiii