LAW OF CHEMICAL

COMBINATION
When materials undergo chemical change, the masses,
compositions, and proportions of the substances involved are
related before and after the reaction.
The following laws govern these changes in matter :
1. LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS
2. LAW OF DEFINITE COMPOSITION
3. LAW OF MULTIPLE PROPORTIONS
 LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS
Given by : Antoine Lavoisier, in the year 1774.
“In all Physical and Chemical Changes, the total mass of the
reactants is equal to that of the products”
In other words…..
“Matter can neither be created nor destroyed.”
it means that the mass of the substances does not change during a
chemical reaction.
EXAMPLE : S + O2 SO2
32g 32g 64g
64g = 64g
 LAW OF DEFINITE
COMPOSITION
Given by: French Chemist Joseph Proust in the year 1799.
It states that , “Chemical compounds are composed of constant
and defined ratios of elements as determined by mass.”
 LAW OF MULTIPLE
PROPORTIONS
Given by : John Dalton in the year 1804
It states that, “When two elements are combined to yield more
than one compound, the mass of one element which is combined
with a fixed mass of the other element are in a ratio of small
whole numbers.”
For example Nitrogen and Oxygen combine with each other to
form following compounds:
N2O, NO, N2O3, N2O4, N2O5
COMPOUNDS
NITROUS NITRIC NITROGEN NITROGEN NITROGEN
OXIDE OXIDE TRIOXIDE TETRA OXIDE PENTOXIDE
ELEMENTS

FORMULA N2O NO N2O3 N2O4 N2O5

WT. OF NITROGEN 28 14 28 28 28

WT. OF OXYGEN 16 16 48 64 80

WHEN N is TAKEN
14 14 14 14 14
14

THEN O IS 8 16 24 32 40

The simple ratio of oxygen which combines with fixed amount

of nitrogen (14 in this example) is 1:2:3:4:5 , which is a simple
ratio