433d5164527t3694l4 Lesson 2 Before Clas

HANOI UNIVERSITY OF INDUSTRY – E-LEARNING LESSON
LESSON 2
ENGLISH VOWEL SOUNDS
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ENGLISH PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY
Remember English vowels

OBJECTIVES 1 (monophthongs, diphthongs, triphthongs)
2
TASKS
• Read the coursebook (p.10-18)

• Read all the following slides
• Prepare for the presentation on English vowels (for presentation groups)
• Do the mini-test
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I. Definition
CONTENTS II. Classification
III. Characteristics
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QUESTIONS
1. How many types of vowels? How many vowels of each type?

2. List some characteristics of vowels.
3. How many possibilities of lip-rounding? What are they?
4. How many criteria to classify monophthongs?
5. Describe these vowels: [ɔ:], [ɪ], [ɜː]
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VOWELS
Definition:
Vowels are the sounds in the production of which none of
the articulators come very close together so the air can get
out freely.
Vowels are sounds in which there is ………………… to airstream
/air flow when it passes from the larynx to the lips.
Ex: /æ/, / ə /, / u:/, /i:/
(English Phonetics and phonology - A practical course (Peter Roach, 2000))
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SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF VOWELS

• All vowels are voiced sounds.
• The differences among vowels are resulted from:
+ …………………………………….
+ ……………………………………..
+ …………………………………….
• There are 3 possibilities of lip rounding:
…………………………………….
…………………………………….
…………………………………….
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CLASSIFICATION OF VOWELS
Text
Monophthongs/ Text
Diphthongs
pure vowels
Text Vowels Text(8)
(12)
Text Text
Triphthongs
(5)
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MONOPHTHONGS
a. Definition
Monophthongs are ………………….vowel sounds in which the ……………
remain in the …………………….throughout the duration of the vowel’s
articulation
(OXFORD, Advanced learner’s Encyclopedic dictionary, 1992)
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b. Classification
12 monophthongs are classified in terms of
1. The position of ……………….
2. The height of ……………….
3. The degree of ……………….
4. The length of ……………….
5. The vertical distance between ………………. and ……………….
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ACCORDING TO THE POSITION OF THE TONGUE

2. ………………. : are those in the production of which the front of the tongue is the highest
point.
e.g. /i:/
3. Back vowels: are those in the production of which the ………………. is the highest point.
e.g. /u:/
3. ………………. : are those made with neither the front nor the back of the tongue. The
tongue is neither high nor low in the mouth when central vowels are produced.
e.g. /ʌ/
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ACCORDING TO TONGUE HEIGHT
1. ………………. : are those in the production of which the tongue is high in the mouth.
It is raised above its rest position.
e.g. /u:/
2. ………………. : are those made with the tongue is low in the mouth
e.g.: / æ/
3. ………………. : are those made with the tongue neither high nor low in the mouth.
e.g.:/ ɔ:/
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ACCORDING TO DEGREE OF LIP ROUNDING

1. ………………………..: are those made with rounded lips. The corners of
the lips are brought towards each other and the lips are pushed
forwards.
e.g. /ʊ/ /u:/ /ɔː/ /ɒ/
2. ………………………….: are those made with the lips spread. The corners
of the lips are moved away from each other as for a smile.
e.g. /e/ /æ/ /i:/ /ɪ/
3. ………………………..: are those made with the lips neither rounded nor
spread.
e.g. /ə/ /ɜː/ /ɑː/ /ʌ/
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ACCORDING TO THE VERTICAL DISTANCE BETWEEN THE TONGUE AND

THE ROOF OF THE MOUTH
(1) ………………………..
(2) Half-open
(3) ………………………..
(4) Open
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15
EXAMPLES
• /e/: front, mid, unrounded, half-close/ half-open, short

• /i:/: ……………………………………………………….
• /u:/: ………………………………………………...........
• /æ/: …………………………………………….............
• /ɪ/: ………………………………………………………..
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2. DIPHTHONGS
a. Definition
 Sounds that consist of ………………………..from one vowel to another.
 The first part of a diphthong is always ………………………..than the
second part. As a result, the second part is shorter and quieter.
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b. Classification
Diphthongs
……………………….. ………………………..
Ending in /ə / Ending in /ɪ/ Ending in /ʊ/
ɪə eə ʊə aɪ eɪ ɔɪ əʊ aʊ
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DIPHTHONGS
Centring diphthongs Closing diphthongs
Diphthongs glide from Diphthongs glide from a
………………………..position to ………………………..to a closer position
more central position
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3. TRIPHTHONGS
a. Definition
- Sounds that consist of a movement or glide from one vowel to another
and then to ………………………...
- There are ……… triphthongs composed of the 5 closing diphthongs
and /ə/ added at the end.
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b. Classification
• aɪ + ə = aɪə
(eg: liar, fire….)
• eɪ + ə = eɪə
(eg: layer, player..)
• ɔɪ + ə = ɔɪə
(eg: loyal, royal….)
• əʊ + ə = əʊə
(eg: lower, mower…)
• aʊ + ə = aʊə
(eg: power, hour, ….)
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SUMMARY
• Definition of vowels
• Classification of vowels
• Some characteristics of vowels
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Q&A
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HANOI UNIVERSITY OF INDUSTRY – E-LEARNING LESSON
THE END
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HANOI UNIVERSITY OF INDUSTRY – E-LEARNING LESSON

ENGLISH VOWEL SOUNDS

Remember English vowels

• Read the coursebook (p.10-18)

CONTENTS II. Classification

1. How many types of vowels? How many vowels of each type?

SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF VOWELS

12 monophthongs are classified in terms of

1. The position of ……………….

2. The height of ……………….

3. The degree of ……………….

4. The length of ……………….

5. The vertical distance between ………………. and ……………….

ACCORDING TO THE POSITION OF THE TONGUE

ACCORDING TO TONGUE HEIGHT

ACCORDING TO DEGREE OF LIP ROUNDING

ACCORDING TO THE VERTICAL DISTANCE BETWEEN THE TONGUE AND

• /e/: front, mid, unrounded, half-close/ half-open, short

Ending in /ə / Ending in /ɪ/ Ending in /ʊ/

• Some characteristics of vowels

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