Grade 11- Science

Quarter 2:
P R E PA R E D B Y: T E A C H E R
JEAN
 METAL
NON-METAL
&
METALLOIDS
 How to identify if the
element is METAL,NON-
METAL or METALLOIDS?
THE PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS
METALS
METALS ARE DEFINED AS
THOSE ELEMENTS WHICH
HAVE CHARACTERISTIC
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES
THE PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS
NON-METALS
NON-METALS ARE NATURAL
MATERIALS THAT DO NOT
PRODUCE HEAT OR
ELECTRICITY AND THAT ARE
STRUCTURALLY BRITTLE
THE PERIODIC TABLE OF
ELEMENTS
METALLOI
DS
A UNIQUE GROUP OF ELEMENTS THAT
SHARE PROPERTIES OF BOTH METALS
AND NON- METALS
THE PERIODIC TABLE OF
ELEMENTS
ACTIVITY
1.DIRECTIONS: Identify if the
elements is metal, non-metal or
metalloids
ACTIVITY
1.
NON-
METAL
ACTIVITY
1.
META
L
ACTIVITY
1.
NON-
METAL
ACTIVITY
1.
METALL
OID
ACTIVITY
1.
NON-
METAL
Grade 9- Science

Quarter 2
ACTIVITY
2. FOUR PICS
WORD
ONE
Directions: This game presents you with four
pictures to let you guess what specific word fits
with the theme of the photos presented.
1 A
. M
L
H
I
C
C
E
1 C
. H
E
M
I
C
A
L
2. O
G
N
I
B
N
D
2. B
O
N
D
I
N
G
3.
L
A
M
T
S
E
3.
M
E
T
A
L
S
4.
N
T O
L
EN
S A
M
4.
M
N E
T
OA
NL
S
Grade 9- Science

CHEMICAL
BONDING
Grade 9- Science

CHEMICAL
BONDING
IONIC AND
COVALENT BOND
01
OBJECTIVES
 LEARNING
OBJECTIVES
• Recognized and differentiate the different types of
compounds
• Described how elements form bonds.
• Investigate how valence electrons relate to chemical
bonds,
• Differentiate between ionic and covalent bonding
02 COMPOUN
DS
COMPOUNDS - are chemical
substances that made up of two or
more elements that are chemically
bound together.
SODIUM
WATER
CHEMICAL
BONDING
CHEMICAL BONDING
CLASS ACTIVITY: VIDEO
PRESENTATION
• Describe how elements form bonds
• Investigate how valence electrons
relate to chemical bonds
• Differentiate between ionic and
covalent bonding.
QUESTIONS:
• What composes a covalent bond?
• How did the valence electrons in a
covalent compound achieve the
octet?
• How will you differentiate an
ionic compound from covalent
compound? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ylb18F-TeIU
CHEMICAL BONDING
A lasting attraction
between atoms, ions or
molecules that enables
the formation of
chemical compounds
TYPES OF
CHEMICAL
BOND
01 Types of chemical bond

IONIC BONDING
IS FORMED THROUGH COMPLETE
TRANSFER OF ELECTRONS FROM ONE
ATOM TO ANOTHER ATOM. IT EXISTS
BETWEEN METALS AND NON-METALS.
Why do atoms STABLE
bond?

Ions
Why do atoms
bond?
Ions -it is formed after a metal atom transfer its
VALENCE ELECTRONS to a non-metal atom
Take note!!
Valence
electrons are the
electrons in the
outermost shell,
or energy level,
of an atom.
Take note!!
GROUP #

Boron is on
GROUP # 3
so the
valence e- of
B is 3
Ions -it is formed after a metal atom transfer its
VALENCE ELECTRONS to a non-metal atom
How does Ionic bonding
occur?
How does Ionic bonding
occur?
02 Types of chemical bond

COVALENT BONDING
IT IS ALSO CALLED MOLECULAR BOND,
IT IS A CHEMICAL BOND THAT INVOLVES
SHARING OF ELECTRON PAIRS BETWEEN
ATOMS.
IT COMMONLY OCCURS WHEN TWO
NON-METALS BOND TOGETHER
 NON -METALS
have strong energy
attractions or high
electronegativity
compared to metals
 TYPES OF
COVALENT BOND
Types of covalent bond
Types of covalent bond

Non-polar Covalent Bond

In a nonpolar
covalent bond,
electrons are equally
shared
Types of covalent bond

Non-polar Covalent Bond

Types of covalent bond

polar Covalent Bond

The covalent
bond is likely to
be polar when
the electrons are
unequally shared
Types of covalent bond

polar Covalent Bond

Mara is preparing a lunch for her family. While
gathering all the ingredients for her recipe, she
is a bit confused between the two identical
canisters. One canister contains salt (NaCl) and
the other contains sugar ( ). Both contents are
white powder solid in appearance at room
temperature. Without tasting the sample
compounds in the canister, how do you know if
a compound is salt (ionic) or sugar (covalent)?
properties
 Understanding the Different Properties of
Compounds
1. At normal atmospheric pressure and temperature, covalent compounds may exist in
solid, liquid, or a gas, while ionic compounds exist only as crystalline solids.
2. Ionic compounds generally have higher melting and boiling points while covalent
compounds have lower melting and boiling points.
3. Ionic compounds are hard and brittle, while covalent compounds are soft and flexible.

4. Ionic compounds have high polarity, while covalent compounds have low polarity.
5. Ionic compounds are usually soluble in water, while covalent compounds tend to be
less soluble in water.
6. Ionic compounds tend to be less flammable than covalent compounds.
7. Ionic compounds conduct heat and electricity compared to covalent compounds.
properties
Natural Phenomena that Uses Different Properties of
Ionic and Covalent Compounds

1.Frozen Fractals of
Snowflakes

2.Chemical Reactions as a Source of

Power
1.Frozen Fractals of
Snowflakes Snow refers to small, soft, white pieces of
ice. Snow is formed when the temperature is
low and there is moisture in the atmosphere
in the form of tiny ice crystals in clouds that
stick together to become snowflakes

These snowflakes are three- dimensional pattern

with six-sided symmetry. Each molecule that
joins the snowflakes reflects the internal order of
the crystal’s water molecules until eventually,
we can see its macroscopic six-sided shape.
2.Chemical Reactions as a Source of
Power One of the priorities of the researchers nowadays is to
explore the usage of chemical reactions to produce
electricity. Understanding electrochemistry which
refers to the study of chemical process that causes the
movement of electrons to produce electricity, would
greatly help reduce environmental problem that is
caused by burning coals.
Galvanic cell which is known as voltaic cell is a type
of electrochemical cell that uses chemical reaction to
produce electric current, specifically an oxidation
reduction reaction. A battery that powers your
gadgets like cellphone is an example of voltaic cell.
2.Chemical Reactions as a Source of
Power In order to generate a flow of electric charge, a strip of metal:
zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) is placed in an aqueous solution
containing the same metal, namely the Zinc sulfate
(ZnS𝑂42+) and copper sulfate (CuS𝑂42+) solution. A piece
of wire is hooked to connect a strip of zinc and copper metals,
which causes the electrons, to move within the wire. Zinc,
which has a weaker pull for electrons, loses electron, which
goes through the wire which makes copper that has a strong
pull for electron, gain electrons. After the zinc ions turns into
Z𝑛2+, it is no longer a part of a solid zinc metal instead it
becomes metal ions that dissolves in a solution (ZnS 𝑂42+).
On the other hand, when copper gained two electrons it
becomes a neutral atom, that can no longer dissolve in the
solution, instead it become a part of a solid copper metal.
2.Chemical Reactions as a Source of
Power
In terms of chemical process, moving electrons create
electricity, and flow from a piece of zinc that serve as an
anode, site of oxidation to a piece of copper, which is the
cathode, the site of reduction. These two reactions involve
two half reaction of oxidation and reduction. The voltaic cells
also include a salt bridge that balance the charges and allows
the ions to flow from one half cell to another. In addition, a
voltmeter is used to measure potential difference between two
half cells.
EVALUATI
ON
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer
and place it on the corresponding space before the
number.
1. Which of the following properties of atoms is the
most suitable reference for the kind of bond that will
take place between/ among them?
A. Atomic Size
B. Electronegativity
C. Electron Affinity
D. Ionization Energy
_____2. When does covalent bonding takes place?
A. When atoms attain stability
B. When atoms collide with one another
C. When the attraction between atoms is strong
D. When atoms share electrons with one another

_____3. Which of the following types of bonds will have

the highest electrical andth ermal conductivity?
A. Ionic bond
B. nonpolar covalent bond
C. Metallic bond
D. Polar covalent bond
_____4. The kind of chemical bond that will form
between two oxygen atoms.
A. Ionic bond
B. nonpolar covalent bond
C. Metallic bond
D. Polar covalent bond
_____5. Nitrogen(N) belongs to family 5A and it is
diatomic. How many nonpolar
covalent bonds will there be in N2 molecule?
A. 1
B. 3
C. 2
D. 4
_____2. When does covalent bonding takes place?
A. When atoms attain stability
B. When atoms collide with one another
C. When the attraction between atoms is strong
D. When atoms share electrons with one another

_____3. Which of the following types of bonds will have

the highest electrical andth ermal conductivity?
A. Ionic bond
B. nonpolar covalent bond
C. Metallic bond
D. Polar covalent bond
_____6. A chemical bond formed when two atoms share
electrons is called a(n)
A. covalent bond
B. ionic bond
C. crystal bond
D. polyatomic bond

_____7. Which of the following compounds will have the

highest melting Temperature?
A. Lead wire C. Sodium chloride (salt)
B. Paraffin wax D. Sucrose (table sugar)
_____8. Which of the following two statements about
covalent bond are correct?
1. It can be formed between two metal atoms.
2. It can be formed between two non-metal ions.
3. It is formed by the transfer of electrons between
atoms.
4. It is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms.
A. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 3
B. 1 and 4 D. 2 and 4
_____9. Covalent (molecular) compounds do not conduct
electricity because they ____________________.
A. break up into ions.
B. do not break up into ions
C. do not dissolve in water.
D. have high melting points.

_____10. The best example of a non-polar molecule

containing polar bonds is
A F2 C. SO2
B. CO2 D. PCl3
ASSIGNMENT:
SALT LOVESTORY
Once upon a time a lonely Sodium (Sodium has only 1
valence electron) atom was taking a stroll in a park.
Suddenly it crossed paths with the most attractive.
Chlorine (Chlorine has 7 electrons) atom it had ever
seen. The attraction between the two atoms was
obvious, so they exchanged phone numbers. After
several dates for coffee... walks on the beach...watch
movie...
 It was apparent that the atoms had fallen in love.
Since Chlorine has 7 valence electrons and Sodium
only 1 valence electron, an ionic can occur between
the two atoms by Sodium giving its 1 electron to
Chlorine who just needs 1 more electron to have a full
outer shell.
“You complete me!!!”, Chlorine atom said. Since one
atom is positive and one atom is negative, the opposite
charges cause them to come together in an ionic
compound.
And they became a famous power couple known as
Sodium Chloride a.k.a.
Table Salt.
 GUIDE
1. WhoQUESTIONS:
are the characters in the story?
____________________________________________
________

2. How many valence electrons does sodium and

chlorine have?
____________________________________________
________
3. What do you think is the type of bond that occurs
ASSIGNMENT 2. FIND ME
IN YOUR HOME
Directions: List down at least 5 things you see inside
your house that involves ionic and covalent compounds.

1. ______________________________
2.______________________________
3.______________________________
4.______________________________
5.______________________________
 THANK
YOU!
BE SAFE AND GOD BLESS!!

PRESENTED BY: Jean Fa-ala LPT

Science Teacher