P E R C E N TA G E

S
100% 1
1/2 50%
1/3 33.33%
1/4 25% 3/4 75%
1/5 20%
1/6 16.66%
•1/7 14.2857%
2/7 28.57 14 3/7 42.857 1
1/8 12.5%
1/9 11.11%
1/10 10%
1/20 5%
1/25 4%
1/50 2%
CONCEPT By a certain percent, we mean
Basic
that many hundredths.

Thus, x percent
means x hundredths, written as x
% = x/100

To express a/b as percent:

(a/b)×100
If the price of a commodity increases by
R%, then the reduction in consumption
so as not to increase the expenditure is:
×100

If the price of a commodity decreases by

R%, then the increase in consumption so
as not to decrease the expenditure is:
×100
Let the population of a town be P now
and suppose it increases at the rate of
R% per annum, then:

1: Population after n years:

P (1 + ) n
2: Population n years ago:
Gist of Percentages

34% of 2000

45% of 1600

67% of 2350

83% of 450

0.05% of 0.05
What percentage of numbers from 1 to 50 have 2
and 7 in the unit's digit?
Example #1
30% of 30 = 9
30% of 30 + 40% of 40 40% of 40 = 16
Therefore, 9 + 16 = 25

What percentage of The numbers having 2 and 7 are

numbers from 1 to 50 2, 7, 12, 17, 22, 27, 32, 37, 42, 47
have 2 and 7 in the unit's
digit?
Then, required percentage is :
× 100 = 20%
If 20% of a = b.
Then b% of 20 is same as:
• A] 20% OF a
• b] 25% of a
• c} 5 % of a
• d 4% of a
Example #2
A fruit seller has some 100% ----- x
Pineapples. He sells 40%
and still has 420 60% ----- 420
Pineapples. Originally he x = 700
had:

20% of a = b
If 20% of a = b.
Then b% of 20 is same (1/5) a = b
as: Then, b% of 20 = × 20 =
× 20 = 4% of a
The population of a town increased from 1,75,000 to 2,62,500
in a decade. The average percent increase of population per
year is:
Example #3

The population of a town Change in population in 10 years :

increased from 1,75,000 262500 – 175000 = 87500
to 2,62,500 in a decade.
The average percent
increase of population Average % increase
per year is: = × 100 = 5%
Bharath’s income is 20% more than Arun. How
much % is Arun’s income less than Bharath?
 T RY
OUT
YOURSELF
Three friends, A, B & C went to a hotel and paid Rs.210,
Rs.300 and Rs.390 respectively. What percent of the total
amount did B pay?
#1

Three friends, A, B &

Total amount paid by A, B
C went to a hotel and
paid Rs.210, Rs.300 and C = 900
and Rs.390 Percentage of the amount
respectively. What paid by B = × 100
percent of the total
amount did B pay? = 33.33%
In an electronic shop, the seller had some DVD players,
woofers, music systems & speakers. He sells 55% of the total
units and still has 225 units. Originally, he had:
#2

In an electronic shop,
the seller had some Let the original units be x
DVD players, woofers, Then, (100 – 55)% of x =
music systems &
225
speakers. He sells 55%
of the total units and 45% of x = 225
still has 225 units. x = = 500 units
Originally, he had:
Two students appeared in civil examination. One of them secured
11 marks more than the other and his marks was 60% of the sum
of their marks. The marks obtained by them are:
#3
Let the marks scored by first and
Two students appeared second person be x and x + 11 Then, x
in civil examination. + 11 = of (x + 11 + x)
One of them secured 100x + 1100 = 60 (2x + 11)
11 marks more than the 100x + 1100 = 120x + 660
other and his marks 20x = 440
was 60% of the sum of x = 22
their marks. The marks Therefore, the marks scored by both of
obtained by them are: them is
x = 22, x + 11 = 33
A number is increased by 30% and then decreased
by 20%. What is the net change in the number?
#4
Let the number be 100
First change is 30% increase
A number is increased 100 + 30% of 100 = 130
by 30% and then Second change is 20% decrease
decreased by 20%.
What is the net change 130 – 20% of 130 = 104
in the number? Therefore the net change:
104 – 100 = 4
This means there is increase in
4%
THE GOVERNMENT REDUCED THE
PRICE OF SUGAR BY 10%.
BECAUSE OF THIS, A CONSUMER
CAN BUY 6.2KG MORE SUGAR FOR
RS. 837. WHAT IS THE REDUCED
PRICE PER KG OF SUGAR?
A 50 litre solution contains 20% of alcohol and some amount
of water. If 10 litre of water is added to the solution, what is
the strength of alcohol in the solution?
#5
What percent of 15
minutes is 4 minutes 30
seconds?
#6
A 50 litre solution contains
20% of alcohol and some
amount of water. If 10 litre
of water is added to the
solution, what is the strength
of alcohol in the solution?
4 minutes 30 seconds = 270 seconds
15 minutes gives us = 900 seconds
Therefore, × 100 = 30%
Quantity of the alcohol in the solution =
20% of 50 lts = 10 litres
As 10 litres is added, the quantity of the
solution is 60 litres. So, the strength of
alcohol in 60 litres solution is
= × 100 = 16.67%
A STUDENT MULTIPLIED A NUMBER BY 3/5 INSTEAD
OF 5/3. WHAT IS THE PERCENTAGE ERROR IN THE
CALCULATION?
a student divided a number by 7 instead of
multiplied by 7. what is the percentage error in
the calculation?
#7
Total number of students =
1200 + 800 = 2000
1200 girls and 800
boys take an exam and 30% of boys pass = 30% of 800 = 240
30% boys and 45% of 45% of girls pass = 45% of 1200 = 540
girls pass the exam,
what is the percentage Total students passed = 240 + 540 = 780
of the total who failed? Total students failed = 2000 – 780 = 1220

Percentage of students failed =

1220/2000 × 100 = 61%
#8
In a school of 800 Let the total number of students be
students, 45% of the 100% = 800 students
students are girls. How
many boys are there in the If 45% are girls, then 55% are boys.
school? Therefore, × 800 = 440

#9 Let the total Income of Chetan be Rs. x

Chetan spends 30% of his Then, 40% of Rs. x = 360
income on clothes and 40% Rs. x =
on food. If food amounts x = Rs.900
to Rs.360, what does he Total Amount he spent on clothes is 30% of
spend on clothes? Rs.900 = Rs.270
#10
Sanjay ate 30% of the Total Oranges he consumed = 30% of 30
orange and 40% of the =9
papaya. If there were 60
Total Papayas he consumed = 40% of 60
papayas and 30 oranges,
how many fruits did he = 24
eat? Total fruits consumed by Sanjay is : 9 + 24 = 33

#11
The population of a town Population 1 year ago
increases at the rate of =
5.6% each year. It is
39,600 now. What was it =
last year? = 37,500
#12
The price of the
commodity increases by
5% in the first week and
decreased by 20% in
second week. Again it is
increased by 30% in the
third week. If the price of
the commodity is
rs.1200, what will be the
price of the commodity
for the next week?
If the price of the commodity is Rs.1200
First change = 5% increase
= 1200 + 5% of 1200 = 1200 + 60 = 1260
Second change = 20% decrease
= 1260 – 20% of 1260 = 1260 – 252 =
1008
Therefore, Final change = 30% increase
= 1008 + 30% of 1008 = 1008 + 302.4 =
1310.4
THANK
YOU!!!