LECTURE 5:

DISCRETE TIME SIGNALS

(OPERATIONS &
CLASSIFICATIONS)
CMPE 30244: DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
 DISCRETE TIME SIGNALS
Definition: A discrete-time signal is defined only at particular instants of
time. A discrete-time signal is usually identified as a sequence of numbers,
denoted by , where n is an integer. An example of discrete-time signal is
shown in Figure. Discrete-time signals are often obtained from continuous-
time signals through sampling.
 DISCRETE TIME SIGNALS
A discrete-time signal is equally spaced in
time with sampling period T. Thus,
discrete-time signals are samples of
continuous-time signals

Obtaining from through sampling as

shown in the figure.
 PERIODIC AND APERIODIC
SIGNALS IN DT-SIGNALS
A signal is said to be periodic if it repeats itself after a
regular interval of time.

If is a rational number, then the signal is said to be

periodic. Otherwise, it is aperiodic signal.

where,
Fundamental Time Period:
 EXAMPLE
Determine the signal if periodic or aperiodic.
1.
2.
 EVEN AND ODD DT-SIGNALS
Any signal can be decomposed into its even and odd
components as follows.

where

and
 EXAMPLE 2
Determine the even and odd components of
1.

2. 𝑥[𝑛]
 ENERGY AND POWER
DT-SIGNALS
For a DT-signal , the normalized energy E of is

while the normalized power P is

A DT-signal is said to be an energy signal if and and a DT-signal

is said to be power signal if and
 EXAMPLE 3
Determine whether the following sequences are energy, power or
neither.
1.

2.
 OPERATIONS OF DT-SIGNALS
1. TIME REVERSAL
2. TIME SCALING
3. TIME SHIFTING
4. AMPLITUDE TRANSFORMATIONS
Standard Approach:
TIME SHIFTING

TIME SCALING

TIME REVERSAL
 EXAMPLE 4
Sketch each of the following DT-signals:

1.
2.
 Seatwork 2.2
Determine whether the following sequences are energy, power or
neither.
1.
where
 Seatwork 2.2
Sketch each of the following DT-signals:

2.
3.