Artefact Study of A2 – 70 Stainless Steel Bolt

Presentation 03

MME 442 – Failure of Materials and Artefact Study

Mudasserul Islam

1811036
 Visual Inspection

• A2 – 70 Stainless Steel Bolt

• Body Diameter = 7.7 mm
• Head Diameter = 12.75 mm
 Basic Informations
• Designation ISO 3506
• A2 – 70 Stainless Steel Bolt
• A for Austenitic
• 70 means a minimum Tensile Strength of 700 Mpa
• Elongation minimum 45%
• Brinell Hardness up to 210 HB
• Standard composition 18% Cr and 8-10% Ni
• Bolt diameter can be M3-M60 (Here it’s M8 from visual inspection)
• Generally Non Magnetic
• Cold working increases Hardness, and Strength and makes Magnetic
 Hardness Test

• Rockwell Hardness 102 HRB

• Rockwell Hardness 25 HRC
• Brinell Hardness 260 BH
• Vickers Hardness 260 VHN

Which is higher than the standard value of Hardness.

Cold worked to increase Hardness.
Compared with the standard value approximately 20% of cold
deformation is done
Hardness increases with an increase in cold deformation
percentage
 Tensile Test

• Tensile strength is 1129 Mpa > 700 Mpa

• Tensile strength increased due to 30% cold deformation
• Elongation is 11% < 45%
• Elongation decreased due to 25% cold deformation
 Optical Microscopy

• microstructures consist of mechanical twins: ε-martensite and α′-martensite

• Volume fraction of α′-martensite formed increases with increasing strain
• Correlation between the deformation-induced martensite and hardness with the percentage
reduction is both increases with deformation percentage
 Magnetism

• Sample was weakly attracted by magnet

• Ferromagnetic phase is developed in the austenitic stainless steel at room temperature rolling
• Austenitic phase is paramagnetic & Martensitic phase is ferromagnetic in nature
• that magnetization in rolled specimen developed because of α’- martensite transformation
• Sample was approximately 30% cold worked & small magnetic field developed
 Conclusion

• The amount of α'-martensite in austenitic stainless steel increases with percentage deformation.
• The ultimate strength of the austenitic stainless steel increases with cold rolling reduction
percentage, the ultimate strength increased from 700 MPa to 1129 MPa (30% reduction).
• The micro-hardness increased from 210 VHN to 260 VHN (30% deformation)
• Saturation magnetization increases with the increase in percentage reduction (the reason of increase
is the increase in volume percent of α'-martensite)
• There is a significant change in grain size and grain nature (elongated grains in the direction of
rolling and diffused nature of boundaries of grain boundaries)
 References

1. Milada M, Zreiba N, Elhalouani F, and Baradai C 2008 The effect of cold work
on structure and properties of AISI 304 stainless steel Journal of Materials
Processing Technology 203 pp 80–85
2. Hedayati A, Najafizadeh A, Kermanpur A and Forouzan F 2010 The effect of
cold rolling regime on microstructure and mechanical properties of AISI
3. Mumtaz K, Takahashi S , Echigoya J, Kamada Y, and Zhang L F 2004
Magnetic measurements of martensitic transformation in austenitic stainless
steel after room temperature rolling Journal of Materials Science 39 pp 85-97