RECHARGEBLE ION BATTERIES :

LITHIUM ION BATTERIES

BACHELOR DEGREE OF SCIENCE IN
CHEMISTRY FOR THE PAPER DSE-6.4

2024
Presented by:
Dibash Kumar Pradhan
Roll No. : BS(P) 21-048
Under supervision of :-Dr. Bharat Chandra sahu
( Asst. Professor in chemistry)
 Contents
Introduction
History
Types of ion battery
Lithium-ion batteries
Parts of lithium-ion battery
Working principles
Applications of lithium-ion battery
Advantages
• Disadvantages
• Conclusion
• Reference
Introduction:
 A rechargeable battery, storage battery, or secondary
battery cell is a type of electrical battery which can be
charged, discharged into a load, and recharged many
times.
 Rechargeable batteries are produced in many different
shapes and sizes, ranging from button cells to megawatts
systems connected to stabilize an electrical distribution
network.
History
The concept of lithium-ion batteries traces back to
the 1970s, with foundational research by M. Stanley
Whittingham, John B. Goodenough, and Akira
Yoshino.
In 1991, Sony introduced the first commercially
available products using lithium-ion batteries, such
as the Sony CCD-TR1 camcorder.
Their pioneering work led to the Nobel Prize in
Chemistry in 2019.
Types:
Several different combinations of electrode materials
and electrolytes are to form lithium-ion battery
 Lithium Nickel Manganese cobalt oxide
 Lithium Nickel cobalt Aluminium oxide
 Lithium cobalt oxide
 Lithium-ion[li-ion]
 Lithium iron phosphate
 Lithium ion polymer
Lithium Ion Batteries:
 Lithium ion batteries are secondary batteries in which Li
ion or metal acts as cathode.
 It produces a voltage from 1.5 to 3V based on type of
material used,
 Lithium is reactive metal and has excellent
electrochemical properties.
 Lithium batteries charge faster, last longer and have a
higher power density for more battery life in a lighter
package.
Lithium Ion:
 A lithium –ion is a type of rechargeable battery in which
lithium ions move from the negative electrode to the
positive electrode during discharge and back when charge.
These batteries are made up four different components:
 cathode
 anode
 electrolyte
 separator.
Parts of Lithium Ions Battery
Working Principle:
 A battery is made up of an anode (lithium),
cathode (lithium oxide like LiCoO2, LiNiO2),
separator, and electrolyte(lithium – based gel or
polymer).
 Anode and cathode made up of lithium.
 The electrolyte carries positively charged lithium
ions from the anode to the cathode.
 There are two reactions in batteries
1. Discharging
2. Charging
Discharge:
 While the battery is discharging and providing, the anode
releases lithium ions to cathode, generating a flow of
electrons from one side to the other
 Chemical Reaction:


 Li → Li+ → 1e– (oxidation at anode)

 CoO2 + Li+ + 1 e- →LiCoO2 (reduction at
cathode)
Charge:
While charging, lithium ions are released by the cathode
and received by the anode

Chemical Reaction:

Li+ + 1 e- → Li (reduction at anode)

LiCoO2 → CoO2 + Li+ +1e- (oxidation at cathode)
Applications of Li-ion batteries:
 Li-ion batteries seems to be all the rage from small smart phone
battery to large sophisticated batteries used in electric automobiles .
 In UPS or power backup system.
 Laptop, mobile.
 Electric Cars, rikshaws etc,,
 Health Instruments
Advantages:

 High energy density than other rechargeable batteries

 Less weight
 High voltage(above 4volts or more)
 Improved safety
 No liquid electrolyte i.e., no leakage
 Rate of charge loss is less
Disadvantages:
 Involves risk of bursting
 Costly
 Complete discharge damage the batteries
 Extremely sensitive to high temperatures
 Very short lifespan
 Not available in standard cell sizes
Conclusion
 Lithium-ion battery are most important part of the modern life
style. They are known for their high energy density, long life span
and low self discharge.
 One of the biggest problem is when it over charged or over heated it
can be catch fire and explode also.
 Despi te of risks Li-ion batteries are popular choice for a variety of
device and many other things.
Reference
Olabi.A.G. Supercapacitors. as next generation energy storage
devices: Properties and applications, 2022
Mitali. J. Energy storage systems: a review,2022
Sindhe. P. A. Rechargeable batteries: Technological
advancement, challenges, current and emerging applications,
2022
Press release: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
• Chowdhury A. U. Probing the electrolyte/electrode
interface with vibrational sum frequency generation
spectroscopy, 2021
Thank You