Donald R. Cooper & Pamela S.

Schindler

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z :60253003T
60255602
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6015ț0038
• Blueprïnt

• Plan

• Guïde

• Framework
2013/10/28 2
Design in the Research Process
 Final check of background records

Co
Client exploratory
interviews interviews
Complete Field Code data w»te
questannaire and
interviewing analyze

Cnmple\e executive
review
ire executives

Milestones:

Proposal approval
Interviews completed Time to Completion:
9 Final report completed 40 working days

CPM Schedule of Research

Design
The degree to which the research question has • Exploratory study
been crystallized • Formal study
The method of data collection • Monitoring
• Communication study
The power of the researcher to produce effects • Experimental
in the variables under study ° Ex post facto
The purpose of the study • Reporting
• Descriptive
• Casual - Explanatory. Predictive
The time dimension • Cross-sectional
• Longitudinal
The topical scope — breadth and depth — of • Case
the study • Statistical study
The research environment • Field setting
• Laboratory research
• Simulation
The participants' perceptions of research • Actual routine
activity • Modified routine
‘' .”s'’’''..•’J.\
• ’EŽğloratory stMdÿ. "

• Formal study
• Communication
study
• Experiment

• Ex post facto
design

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@ • Descriø€ł0Østud.y

• Causal-explanatory study

• Causal-predictiv.e study

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’
• Cross-sectional
studies

• Longitudinal studies

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• Statistical studies

• Case studies

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• Fïeld conditions

• Laboratory conditions

• Simulations

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2
• 1“.Pbśti.cipants perońf esćtations frorn
everyday ”
routines
• .z.Participants perc.eive.devi.ations; but as:
unreIat»!d to the re:se’archer

• 3.Participa!nts perc»ive.’de.vi.ations as
.re:searcher-in.duced
13
• What is being done?
• What has been tried in the past with or
without success?
• How have things changed?
• Who is involved in the decisions?
• What problem areas can be seen?
• Whom can we count on to assist or
participate in the research?
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•Gżaup
discussio:n
•6-10
•Moderator-led
participants
•90 minutes-2
hours

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 s. are typigafty..’ . ,.lth
hypotheses or’i’nv»SUgative questions, Farm:al
cle arly””
serve a.
studies. variety of res.ea:rc:h objectives: ”
1. Descriptions of”population charactëristics
Est‹mates of frequency of characterist›cs
’Discovery of associations among variables ”
’

22
201.3/10/28’ 2
’ 4
 sonwa
. Distant s ” ually nea &
Address
th» ac« s outsid:e the 2-mtIé I
o
the records do-: not.show I:h.is.
- *near,” b'
’”
3, Distant..savers work nea'r the .office.; they are “near” by.vi.rtue of
their work location.
.4. Distant savers are not normally near the office .but .responded
to a promotion that encouraged .savers to bank via computer;
this is .an,othe,r form .of “.nearness” in which this concept is
transformed into one. of “convenience.'”
2013/10/28’’ 25
“ When two or more cases of a given phenomenon have-
one
and only one condition in common, then that condition
may
26
F Exhibit 6-4 Mills Method of Agreement
Descriptive Factors Outcome

No. 1

No. 2

Therefore
 e
there isn
.and Z.

201.3/10/28’ 28
’
F Exhibit 6-4 Mills Method of Difference

Descriptive Factors Outcome

Therefore
 "
of evF
.
2. Time order of events moving in the.hypothesized
directi.on ’”
3. No other.possibI» causes of B

30
 .other r

201.3/10/28’ 31
’
C If we: t:órisTder the pzssstb'Ie fe’Iatión»hip:s that cãri
¢i«zar between two variables, we can conclude
there are three possibilities:
• Symmetrical
one in which two variables fluctuate together, but we assume
the changes in neither variable are due to changes in the other.

• Reciprocal
when two variables mutually influence or reinforce each other
• Asymmetrical
we postulate that changes in one variable(IV) are responsible for
changes in another variable(DV)
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32
 Relationships
F Exhibit 6- Four Types of Asymmetrical Causal
6 Relationships
Stimulus-response An event or change • A change in work rules leads to a higher
results in a response level of worker output.
from some object. • A change in government economic
policy restricts corporate financial
decisions.
• A price increase results in fewer unit
Propeny-disposition An existing property
causes a disposition. sales.
• Age and attitudes about saving.
• Gender attitudes toward social issues.
Disposition-behavior A disposition causes a
• Social class and opinions about taxation.
specific behavior.
• Opinions about a brand and its purchase.
• Job satisfaction and work output.
Property-behavior An existing property
• Moral values and tax cheating.
causes a specific
behavior. • Stage of the family life cycle and purchases
of furniture.
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