Three Electrical Quantities

• Voltage (V) - Electromotive force, or a difference in

electrical potential, expressed in volts.

• Current (I) - The flow or rate of electric charge in a

conductor or medium between two points having a
difference in potential, generally expressed in amperes.

• Resistance (R) - Property of a conductor by which it

opposes the flow of an electric current, resulting in the
generation of heat in the conducting material.
 OHM’S LAW
OHM’S LAW is used to calculate the relationship between
current, voltage and resistance. It states that the
electrical current flowing in a circuit is directly
proportional to the voltage and inversely proportional to
the resistance. Therefore, if the voltage is increased, the
current will increase provided the resistance of the
current does not change. Similarly, increasing the
resistance of the circuit will decrease the current flow if
the voltage is not changed. Ohm’s law formula is I= V/R
 Formula

I= V/R
where
I- Current
V- Voltage
R- Resistance
To find the Voltage, ( V )
V=IxR
To find the Current, ( I )
I=V÷R
To find the Resistance, ( R )
R=V÷I
 Voltage Resistance Current
5V 12Ω .42A
10V 12Ω .83A
20V 12Ω 1.67A

Chart Title
12

10

0
5 10 20

Series 1 Column1 Column2

Conclusion
The higher the voltage, then
the higher current, meaning
that the voltage is directly
proportional to the current.
Over Current Protection Device (OCPD)
 Fuse - is a safety device in an electric plug
or circuit. It contains a piece of wire which
melts when there is a fault so that the flow
of electricity stops.

 Circuit Breaker - is an electrical switch

designed to protect an electrical circuit
from damage caused by
overcurrent/overload or short circuit. Its
basic function is to interrupt current flow
after protective relays detect a fault.
Direction: Write the letter of the correct answer.
1. In the old version of Christmas lights, when one bulb
burns out, it causes all the other light bulbs to shut off.
Why do you think this happened?

A. It consumes more current compared to the new version

of Christmas lights
B. Its light bulbs have low quality compared to the new
version of Christmas lights
C. It is connected through a series circuit in which all the
components are connected in one switch
D. It is connected using a series circuit, which only has
one loop that affects the entire circuit when a problem
Direction: Write the letter of the correct answer.
2. Why are parallel circuits usually used for electrical
wirings at home?

A. This allows all the appliances to receive the same

power
B. Most appliances need 240 volts and only the parallel
circuit can provide it
C. A parallel circuit requires greater voltage and
resistance, making it an excellent choice for electrical
wiring
D. In a parallel circuit, the components are positioned
parallel to one another, enabling the connection to
Direction: Write the letter of the correct answer.
3. Which of the following happens to an old
Christmas light if it is built using a series
connection?

A. It may cause a fire

B. The lights will be lighter
C. The lights will increase its resistance
D. If one bulb goes out, all the lights in the strand
go out.
Direction: Write the letter of the correct answer.
4. Why are birds able to sit on electricity lines without
being electrocuted?

A. The bird’s feet are insulated so current cannot pass

through
B. Current is directed toward the electrical wire because
of the bird’s feet low resistance
C. The bird can sit on the electrical line because the
potential difference between the air and its feet are
high
D. Since both bird’s feet are on the wire, the electrical
potential in their legs are equal, preventing the
Direction: Write the letter of the correct answer.
5. In a parallel circuit, one bulb goes out. What
will happen to the other bulbs?

A. The other bulbs will stay lighted

B. The other bulbs will go out also
C. Some of the bulbs will remain lighted while
some are not
D. All of the bulbs will not function properly
Direction: Write the letter of the correct answer.
6. Which of the laws shows the relationship
between voltage, current, and resistance in an
electrical circuit?

A. Ohm’s law
B. Voltage Law
C. Law of Motion
D. Law of Thermodynamics
Direction: Write the letter of the correct answer.
7. Which of the following electrical safety is best
used at home to prevent the current from surging?

A. Circuit Breaker
B. Double Insulation
C. Earthing
D. Switch
Direction: Write the letter of the correct answer.
8. What is the device that contains a tin strip of
metal that melts easily if the current in the circuit
is too high or surging?

A. Fuse
B. Diode
C. Battery
D. Resistor
Direction: Write the letter of the correct answer.
9. Why do you think it is important to use fuses at
home?

A. The fuse can be used again and again

B. The fuse automatically trips if there is a circuit
overload
C. The fuse determines the amount of electricity
consumption at home
D. The fuse melts and breaks the circuit if a
failure in an appliance cause the current to
flow
Direction: Write the letter of the correct answer.
10. When Dan looked at his laptop charger, he saw
that the charger had a voltage output of 19 volts
and a current output of 2.37 amperes. What would
be the resistance of his laptop charger?

A. 8 ohms
B. 16 ohms
C. 21 ohms
D. 45 ohms
and