CLASS-10

12 – Electricity

➢ Electric Current → It is the rate of flow of electric charges in a Conductor.

𝐴𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 (𝑄)

Current (I) =
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 (𝑡)
The SI unit of electric current is ampere.

➢ Potential Difference → It is the amount of work done in moving unit positive

charge from one point to another in an electric field.

𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒 (𝑖𝑛 𝑗𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠)(𝑊)

Potential Difference(V) =
𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 (𝑄)

➢ To set the electrons in motion in an electric circuit, we use a cell or a battery. A

cell generates a potential difference across its terminals.
➢ Measuring Instruments:
1)Ammeter → It is used Current
2) Voltmeter → It is used Potential Difference
3) Galvanometer → It is used Current
➢ Resistance is a property that resists the flow of electrons in a conductor. It
controls the magnitude of the current. The SI unit of resistance is ohm (Ω).
➢ Ohm’s Law: The potential difference across the ends of a resistor is directly
proportional to the current through it, provided its temperature remains the same.
V∝I
V = I.R
➢ The resistance(R) of a conductor depends directly on its length(l), inversely on
its area of cross-section(A), and also on the material of the conductor.
𝑙
R∝
𝐴
➢ The equivalent resistance of several resistors in series is equal to the sum of their
individual resistances.

Rs = R1 + R2 + R3 + R4
➢ A set of resistors connected in parallel has an equivalent resistance Rp given by:

1 1 1 1
= + +
𝑅𝑝 𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑅3
➢ The electrical energy dissipated in a resistor is given by :
W=V×I×t
➢ Joule’s Law Of Heating:
H = I2Rt

TO ACCESS MORE SUCH PREMIUM NOTES AND VIDEOS, JOIN OUR SUPER 4
BATCH CLICK ON https://eduhap.courses.store/273030
CLASS-10

➢ Electric power (P): The electric work done per unit time is called electric power.
𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒(𝑊)
Power(P) =
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒(𝑡)

➢ The unit of power is watt (W). One watt of power is consumed when 1 A of
current flows at a potential difference of 1 V.
➢ The commercial unit of electrical energy is kilowatt hour (kWh). 1 kW h =
3,600,000 J = 3.6 × 106 J.

SELF PRACTICE QUESTIONS

PRACTICE QUEATION
MCQ’s
1. Conventionally, the direction of the current is taken as :
(a) the direction of flow of negative charge
(b) the direction of flow of atoms
(c) the direction of flow of molecules
(d) the direction of flow of positive charge

2. An electric iron draws a current 4 A when connected to a 220 V mains. Its

resistance must be:
(a) 1000 Ω
(b) 55 Ω
(c) 44 Ω
(d) None of these

3. A cooler of 1500 W, 200 volt and a fan of 500 W, 200 volt are to be used from
a household supply. The rating of fuse to be used is
(a) 2.5 A
(b) 5.0 A
(c) 7.5 A
(d) 10 A

4. Calculate the current flow through the 10 Ω resistor in the following circuit.

TO ACCESS MORE SUCH PREMIUM NOTES AND VIDEOS, JOIN OUR SUPER 4
BATCH CLICK ON https://eduhap.courses.store/273030
CLASS-10

(a) 1.2 A
(b) 0.6 A
(c) 0.2 A
(d) 2.0 A

VSA
1. Define 1 volt electric potential.

2. What is meant by potential difference between two points ?

3. Write down the relation between the electric current I passing in a conductor,
change Q flowing in the conductor and time t.

4. Define electrical resistance of a conductor.State it’s SI unit.

5. State Joule’s law of heating.

SA

1) What do the following symbols represent in a circuit ? Write the name and one

function of each ?

2) In the circuit diagram shown, the two resistance wires A and B are of same area of
cross-section and same material, but A is longer than B. Which ammeter A1 and
A2 will indicate higher reading of current ? Give reason.

3) Draw diagrams to show series and parallel combinations of resistors. State three
salient features each of both the combinations.

TO ACCESS MORE SUCH PREMIUM NOTES AND VIDEOS, JOIN OUR SUPER 4
BATCH CLICK ON https://eduhap.courses.store/273030
CLASS-10

4) Define electric power. A device of resistance R is connected across a source of V

voltage and draws a current I. Derive an expression for power in terms of voltage
and resistance..

LA
1) State Ohm’s law. How can this law be verified experimentally ? Does Ohm’s
law hold good under all conditions. Comment.

2) What is Joule’s heating effect ?How can it demonstrated experimentally. List

applications of Joule’s heating effect in daily life.

3) i. Derive the formula for the calculation for work done when current flows
through a resistor.
ii. One electric bulb is rated 40 W -240 V and other 25 W -240 V. Which bulb
has higher resistance and how many times?

4) Derive the expression for the heat produced due to a current ‘I’ flowing for a
time interval ‘t’ through a resistor ‘R’ having potential difference ‘V’ across its
end. With which name is the relation known? How much heat will an instrument
of 12W produce in one minute if it is connected to a battery of 12V?

CBQ’s
1) One day Shweta saw her elder sister trying to connect mixer and microwave oven
in the same plug point. Immediately, she asked her sister to replug them in an
individual plug.
i) Why did Shweta ask to replug appliances separately?
ii) What is electric power? Give its SI unit.
iii) Which values are shown by Shweta?

TO ACCESS MORE SUCH PREMIUM NOTES AND VIDEOS, JOIN OUR SUPER 4
BATCH CLICK ON https://eduhap.courses.store/273030