Tutorial 3 –Measures of variability

& central tendency (Grouped data)

Presented by: Eng. Rana Elazhary and Eng. Amira Sherif
 How to describe grouped data

Tendency Variability
 f .X m
Mean 
n  ( f . X m ) 2 
 f .X  
2
m 
 n 
 
2

 1  n
Mode  L1    * c
 1   2 
 ( f . X m ) 2 
 f .X  
2
m 
 n 
f  S2 
   f 1  n 1
Median  L1   2 *c
 f median 
 
 
Grouped mean

 f .X m
Mean 
n
Element Description
 1 
f Mode  L1  
The frequency of the observation  * c
 1   2 
The midpoint of the class

n The sample size

 f 
   f 1 
Median  L1   2 *c
 f median 
 
 
  1 
Mode  L1    * c
Grouped Median  1   2 

 f
   f 1 
Median  L1   2 *c
 f median 
 
 
To find the median class, we have to find the cumulative frequencies of all the classes. After
that, locate the class whose cumulative frequency is greater than (nearest to) n/2.

Element Description
The lower boundary of the median group

The cumulative frequency of all groups receding the median group

The frequency of the group with the median

c The width of the class limits (not boundaries)

  f .X m
Mean 
Grouped Mode n

 1 
Mode  L1    * c
 1   2 

Element Description
f 
   f 1 
The lower boundary of the mode
Median  L   2 group (the group with the
*c
highest frequency) 1
 f median 
 
Freq. of the mode group – Freq. of the group before
 the mode

Freq. of the mode group – Freq. of the group after the mode

c The width of the class limits (not boundaries)

Problem 1
 Find the measures of central tendency for the following
frequency distribution
Class Boundaries Frequency (f)

5.5 – 10.5 1
10.5 – 15.5 2
15.5 – 20.5 3
20.5 – 25.5 5
25.5 – 30.5 4
30.5 – 35.5 3
35.5 – 40.5 2
TOTAL 20
Central Tendency (Mean)
Class
Frequency (f) Midpoint (Xm) f. Xm
Boundaries

5.5 – 10.5 1 8 8

10.5 – 15.5 2 13 26
f . X m
15.5 – 20.5 3 18 54
Mean 
n
20.5 – 25.5 5 23 115 490
Mean   24.5
25.5 – 30.5 4 28 112 20
30.5 – 35.5 3 33 99

35.5 – 40.5 2 38 76

TOTAL 20 490
Central Tendency (Median)

Class
F CF
Boundaries
5.5 – 10.5 1 1 f 
   f 1 
10.5 – 15.5 2 3 Median  L1   2 c
 f median 
 
15.5 – 20.5 3 6  
20.5 – 25.5 5 11  10  6 
Median  20.5   5
 5 
25.5 – 30.5 4 15 Median  24.5
30.5 – 35.5 3 18
35.5 – 40.5 2 20 Median class
TOTAL 20
Central Tendency (Mode)

Class Frequency
Boundaries (f)
5.5 – 10.5 1  1 
Mode  L1     c
10.5 – 15.5 2  1   2 
15.5 – 20.5 3 
Mode  20.5  
5  3 
  5
20.5 – 25.5 5  5  3  5  4  
Mode  28.3
𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑒=23.8
25.5 – 30.5 4
30.5 – 35.5 3
Modal class
35.5 – 40.5 2
TOTAL 20
Variance
Class Frequency Midpoint
f. Xm f. Xm2
Boundaries (f) (Xm)

5.5 – 10.5 1 8 8 64
10.5 – 15.5 2 13 26 338
15.5 – 20.5 3 18 54 972
20.5 – 25.5 5 23 115 2645
25.5 – 30.5 4 28 112 3136
30.5 – 35.5 3 33 99 3267
35.5 – 40.5 2 38 76 2888
TOTAL 20 490 13310
Variance
Class Frequency Midpoint
f. Xm f. Xm2
Boundaries (f) (Xm)

2  f . X m 2 
5.5 – 10.5 1 8 8 64
f . X m  
 n 
10.5 – 15.5 2 13 26 338
s2 
15.5 – 20.5 3 18 54 972
n 1

20.5 – 25.5 5 23 115 2645

 490 2 
25.5 – 30.5 4 28 112 3136 13310   
 20 
30.5 – 35.5 3 33 99 3267 s 
2
 68.7
20  1
35.5 – 40.5 2 38 76 2888

TOTAL 20 490 13310 𝑆= √68.7=8.29

Problem 2
 Determine the central of tendency
 Determine the standard deviation of the this sample
Class
F
Intervals
40 – 44 4
45 – 49 7
50 – 54 15
55 – 59 10
60 – 64 8
65 – 69 6