History of tractor, Introduction of different types of tractors,

tractor manufactures in India, different models and brief

specifications of tractor

Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering

SV College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology & Research Station
Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.)
 History of Tractor
 Tractors first emerged in the early 19th century when steam
engines on wheels were used to help drive mechanical farm
machinery using a flexible belt.
 The first portable steam engine used for agricultural
purposes was invented by Richard Trevithick in 1812 and it
was known as the Barn Engine.
 The Barn Engine was mainly used to drive a corn threshing
machine. Advances continued and improvements to engines
began to develop as the history of tractors continued.
 1890- The word tractor appeared first on record in a patent
issued on a tractor or traction engine invented by George H.
Harris of Chicago.
 By 1903, Charles W. Hart and Charles H. Parr had
successfully built the first American tractor using a two-
cylinder gasoline engine.
 1911- First tractor demonstration held at Omaha
(Nebraska).
 1915-1919- PTO was introduced.
 Between 1916-1922, more than 100 companies involved
in producing farm tractors for farm uses.
 In 1837 John Deere created the first steel plow, and by
1927 they produced the first combine.
 1936-1937 – Diesel engine was used in tractor and
pneumatic tires were introduced.
 1950-1960- Manufacturing of diesel tractors on
extensive basis throughout the world was taken up.
 1960-1961 – Tractor manufacturing was started in India
by first manufacturer M/s Eicher Good Earth.
 1962-1970 TAFE, Hindustan Tractors Baroda, Escorts
Faridabad and international harvester Bombay started
working on tractors.
 John Deere became the first manufacturer to offer farmers
a tractor that had a roll bar to help protect the operator.
 In early 1970 lot of features for comfort seating facility for
operator, protection from heat, cold and dust were
provided.
 1971- Escorts Tractors started producing Ford tractors.
 1973- Manufacturing of HMT tractor started.
 1974- Manufacturing of Pitti and Kirlosker Tractor started.
 1975- Harsha Tractors started working.
 1983-2003- GTCL tractors, M.M Tractors, Sonalika, VST,
L&T, Bajaj Tractors were produced.
Evolution of Tractor
Types of Tractors
In the beginning of 19th century, the real form of
Tractors was introduced when a 3 Wheel Tractor
was launched to be used commercially.
Tractors classification: construction, drive and
purpose

1. Type of Construction
2. Type of Drive
3. The Purpose for which the usage is done
Two types on the basis of construction
Construction type is further divided into 2 types.
i) First type is the Tractor in which the driver can easily sit
and drive the machine.
ii) The Second type is the Tractor in which the operator
walks along side and it is also called as Walking Type
Tractor.
 Type of Drive
Depends upon the type of drives i.e.
1). Track Type 2). Wheel Type
Track type:
In these types of Tractors, instead of wheels one track is fitted on
either side. This track gets drive from the sprocket run by real axle
shaft. To steer the Tractor, there is no steering gear fitted. Here, the
machine is steered by applying brakes to one side of the track while
the other track is in motion.
Tracked Type has Half Track and Full track types of tractors .
Wheel Type Tractors
Their primary usage is in Agricultural tasks. They have
fast running speed and the fitted tyres are able to absorb
certain amount of field shock too.
 The Purpose for which the usage is done
 The Types of Tractors in third classification depend upon
the purpose for which they are used. They are further
divided into broad categories listed below:

 Utility
Tractors
 Row Crop Tractor
 Orchard Type
 Industrial Tractor
 Garden Tractor
 Rotary Tillers
 Implement Carrier
 Earth Moving Tractors
Utility Tractor is general purpose machine and is
designed for ploughing and driving any other
equipment through its drive and is considered
good for such farms where farmer cannot afford
more machines to perform specific jobs.

Row Crop Tractor

This is an all round machine and is designed in
such a way that it meets all the Agricultural
demands like Ploughing, Harrowing, Levelling,
Pulling Seed Drills, Weed Control, running
different machines like Water Pumps, Threshers
using belt pulley.
 Orchard Type
These special type Farm machines are only used in
Orchards. These Tractors have big height so that while
sitting on the Tractor the Driver can easily pluck the fruits
or the trees can easily be trimmed. There is no part of this
machine outside the surface and this allows easy passage
in between the trees.
 Industrial Type

The Industrial Type machines are also called as Tuggers.

They are useful in pulling loads and are fitted with crane
boom for easy lifting of loads.
 Garden Type

These machines fall in the power range of 1 to 10 HP

(Horse Power) and have very small construction size. They
are mostly used for Grass Cutting or for making Flower
Beds in the garden. The wheels fitted to such machines are
having the size of a Scooter and have a thicker depth.
 Earth Moving Tractors
These Farm Machines are heavy in weight and quite
strong. They are available in both track and tyre type
varieties. Their primary usage is for doing earth moving
work on dams, quarries and different types of
constructional works.
List of Tractor Companies in India
Sr. No Company Name Website

1 Standard Tractors www.standardcorp.in

2 Mahindra & Mahindra Tractors www.mahindratractor.co

m
3 Tractors and Farm Equipment www.tafe.com
Limited

4 Escorts Agri Machinery www.escortsgroup.com

5 Sonalika -International www.sonalika.com

Tractors Limited

6 John Deere India Private www.deere.co.in

Limited

7 New Holland Tractors www.newhollandindia.co

.in

8 HMT Tractors www.hmttractors.co.in

9 Force Motors Limited www.forcemotors.com

10 Preet Tractors www.preetagro.com

11 Mahindra Gujarat Tractor Ltd. www.mahindragujarat.com

12 Same Deutz – FAHR India (P) www.samedeutz-fahr.com

Ltd.

13 Indo Farm Industries Limited www.indofarm.in

14 Farmer Tractor, Metoda www.tractorrajkot.com

G.I.D.C.

15 Kubota Agricultural Machinery www.kubota.co.in

India Pvt.Ltd.

16 Captain Tractors Pvt. Ltd. www.captaintractors.com

Massey Ferguson 241 DI Mahindra 275 DI John Deere 5050 D New Holland 3230 TX
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