Unit 3: Constructing a Research Framework

Lesson 1
Creating a Conceptual Framework
and Defining Terms

Practical Research 2
Senior High School Applied - Academic
How can you
best construct
a conceptual
framework for
your research?

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 ● Construct a conceptual
Learning framework based on a research
Objectives topic of interest.

At the end of the ● Apply the appropriate

lesson, you should be
able to do the definition for terms used in the
following:
study.

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 Conceptual Framework

Conceptual framework offers an illustration

of how the entire research process will be
explored, and explains the relationships of the
concepts in the study.

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 ● guides the researchers to
construct the study according
Significance
to their perspective
of the
Conceptual
Framework ● highlights the significance of
the study

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 Basic design components in a conceptual framework

Component Representation

Box Variable

Line Correlation, link

Arrow Cause-and-effect relationship

Boxes often represent variables. Lines indicate a correlation between two variables.
Finally, arrows suggest cause-and-effect relationships, starting from the independent variable and
pointing to the dependent variable. In some cases, double arrowheads are used, especially in
business and experimental research studies, to denote evaluation or reevaluation. Broken lines
may also be used to show an indirect relationship between variables.

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How can a conceptual
framework benefit your
research?

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 Research Frameworks

Theoretical framework refers to the theory

where the researcher based their study.

Conceptual framework is the synthesized

ideas and concepts from different related
sources.
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Remember

A theoretical framework is based

on an established theory whereas
the conceptual framework is an
illustration of the researcher’s
viewpoint of the study.

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 1. Finalize the research topic.
How to
Choose a topic that is based on
construct a
conceptual your interest and academic
framework strand.

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How to 2. Conduct a literature review.
construct a
The literature review must be
conceptual
framework credible and scientific.

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Tip

It is best to consult published

journals for your research to
ensure that studies are credible,
recent, and up-to-date.

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 3. Decide which variables are to
How to be investigated.
construct a Distinguish the main variables
conceptual to be studied and identify
framework possible relationships based
on the gathered literature.

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 4. Construct the conceptual
framework.
How to Create the conceptual
construct a
framework using the related
conceptual
framework studies. Main variables and
the research process must be
emphasized.

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What counts as a “good”
conceptual framework?

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Example

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Example

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Defining
Terms

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 Definition of Terms

Defining terms is necessary to establish

boundaries on how certain terms will be used
in the study.

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 Conceptual definitions are the
theoretical or abstract meaning of
Conceptual a concept.
and
Operational
Definitions Operational definitions refer to
how a variable was used or
measured in the study.

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Example of a Conceptual Definition

Profit is the difference between the amount

earned and the amount spent in buying,
operating, or producing something.

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Example of an Operational Definition

Profit refers to the amount earned in selling

garments for the month of January.

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Example of a Conceptual Definition

Self-esteem is the degree of one’s own worth

and respect.

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Example of an Operational Definition

Self-esteem refers to the score gained in the

Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES).

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Example of a Conceptual Definition

Current refers to the movement of electricity

in a particular direction.

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Example of an Operational Definition

Current is the rate at which an electric charge

flows measured in Amperes.

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What are the consequences of not
precisely defining the terms used in
the study?

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Practice

Develop a conceptual framework for the given

variables below. Then, define the terms using
conceptual and operational definitions:
● online learning
● classroom learning
● academic performance of students

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 Quick Check

Why is it necessary to conduct first a literature

review before constructing the conceptual
framework?

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 Quick Check

Which is more important, the theoretical

framework or the conceptual framework?
Why?

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 Quick Check

A. Pollution refers to the amount of carbon

dioxide emission in Metro Manila.

B. Pollution is a substance that has harmful

or poisonous effects in the environment.

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 Wrap Up

The conceptual framework integrates

concepts and ideas gathered from
different sources.

The theoretical framework of a study

refers to the existing theory where the
researchers based their study.
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 Wrap Up
Both the conceptual and theoretical
framework give direction to the study by
emphasizing the main constructs and
concepts in a research study.

The two types of definitions used in a

study are the conceptual definition and
operational definition.
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Wrap Up

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 Bibliography

Adom, Dickson, Emad Kamil Hussein, and Joe Adu Agyem. “Theoretical and
Conceptual Framework: Mandatory Ingredients of a Quality Research.”
International Journal of Scientific Research 7, no. 1 (2018): 438-441.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322204158_THEORETICAL_ AND_
CONCEPTUAL_FRAMEWORK_MANDATORY_INGREDIENTS_OF_A_QUALITY_RE
SEARCH.

Akintoye, Akintola. “Developing Theoretical and Conceptual Frameworks.”

PowerPoint Presentation, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United
Kingdom, July 3, 2015.
https://jedm.oauife.edu.ng/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Akintola-Akintoye_
Developing-Theoretical-and-Conceptual-Frameworks.pdf
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 Bibliography

Imenda, Sitwala. “Is There a Conceptual Difference between Theoretical and

Conceptual Frameworks?” Journal of Social Sciences 38, no. 2 (2014): 185-
195. doi:10.1080/ 09718923.2014.11893249.

Latham, John. “Conceptual Framework.” John Latham. Accessed April 9, 2020.

https://www.drjohnlatham.com/frameworks/research-methods-framework/
conceptual-framework/
.

Leary, Mark R. Introduction to Behavioral Research Methods. 6th ed. New Jersey:
Pearson, 2012.

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 Bibliography

Regionel, Patrick. “Conceptual Framework: A Step by Step Guide on How to Make

One.” Simplyeducate. January 25, 2015.
https://simplyeducate.me/2015/ 01/05/conceptual-framework-guide/

Swaen, Bas. “Conceptual framework.” Scribrr. Last modified November 21, 2019.
https://www.scribbr.com/dissertation/conceptual-framework/

“Writing Definitions.” Purdue Online Writing Lab. Accessed April 10, 2020.
https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/common_writing_assignments/
definitions.html

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