Feed resources and their nutritive

value
 What are feed resources?
 Are they really important?
 Scope of the subject ?
CLASSIFICATION OF
FEED STUFF & THEIR
NUTRITIVE VALUE
Terminologies
 Nutrient: a nutrient is a substance used by an
organism to survive, grow, and reproduce
 Feed stuff a feedstuff is a component of a ration or a
diet that serves one or more functions
 Concentrate: feedstuffs high in energy and protein, and
low in fibre, usually further divided into energy and
protein concentrates. Often used interchangeably
with supplement (e.g., corn, barley, soybeans)
 Forage: plants or plant parts fed to, or grazed by
domestic animals. Forage may be fresh, dry or ensiled
(e.g., pasture, green chop, hay, haylage)
 Roughage – feed high in fiber (greater than 18% crude
fibre); tends to be bulky, coarse and low in energy
 Dry matter (DM): feed residue left after all moisture has
been removed by drying
 Crude protein: an estimate of the total protein content of
a feed determined by analyzing the nitrogen content of the
feed and multiplying the result by 6.25
 Crude protein includes true protein and other nitrogen-
containing substances such as ammonia, amino acids,
nitrates (NPN)
 Metabolizable energy (ME): a measure of the useful
energy in a feed, representing that portion of the feed
gross energy not lost in the feces, urine and eructated gas
 Total digestible nutrients (TDN): the energy
value of feedstuffs, comparable to digestible
energy in accuracy.
 E E: fat contents
 CF : crude fiber
 NFE: Nitrogen Free extract
 Sugar contents within the cell
 NFC: 100 – (CP + Fat + NDF +Ash)
 NDF: Cellulose + Hemicellulose +
Lignin
 ADF: Hemicellulose + lignin
 Ash
Why is classification
important?
To know;
 The naming of a feed stuff
 Classes & Classification
 Forages vs. concentrates
 Describe the proteins
 Protein sources i.e. Animal vs. Veg
 Non-protein nitrogen sources
Feed Nomenclature
 Origin of feed
 Vegetable or Animal
 Scientific and common names
 Part consumed by animal
 Processes and treatments
 Before animal consumption
 Stage of maturity at time of harvesting
 Cutting of crop
 Grade or quality
International Feed Classes
There are eight classes of feeds, based on
composition and use.
 1 = Dry Roughages
 2 = Pasture and Range Grasses
 3 = Silages and Haylages
 4 = High-Energy Feeds
 5 = Protein Supplements
 6 = Mineral Supplements
 7 = Vitamin Supplements
 8 = Non-Nutritive Feed Additives
Assumptions & Exceptions
 In particular cases, feed is placed in a class
according to its most common use in feeding
practices.
 Assumptions
 Classification 4 (High energy feeds)
 >70% TDN

 <18% Crude Fiber

 Highly digestible (89-90%)

 Classification 5 (Protein supplements)

 >20% CP
Assumptions & Exceptions
 Exceptions
 Example - Corn silage
 Greater than 70% TDN

 But classified as #3

 Over 18% Crude fibre

 Example - Quality alfalfa hay

 23% CP

 But classified as #1