Energy Feedstuff

- Definition
 energy feeds are low-protein concentrates. The upper limit for protein is
conveniently set at 20 percent, because this figure then includes wheat bran
which is otherwise difficult to classify. However, it is the entire seed of the
cereals that is the typical energy feed./ If an average is taken of the protein, fat,
fibre, TDN, Ca and P figures for the six common grains (barley, corn, milo, oats,
rye and wheat), a workable chemical description of an energy feed in terms of
those nutrients and proximate principles most useful in determining its proper
place in a livestock ration will result.
https://www.fao.org/3/X5738E/x5738e09.htm#5.%20energy%20feeds

- Content of the feedstuff
 Feedstuffs are usually described by their chemical composition as well as by their
nutritional value. Information on the composition of a feedstuff is acquired through
chemical analysis, and most commonly includes such parameters as dry matter, protein,
fiber fractions, organic matter and fat contents. The nutritional value of a feedstuff is
assessed from experiments with animals (in vivo digestibility/in situ degradability, etc.)
and provides information on how feedstuffs are digested and metabolized by the animal,
mainly through interpreting differences between the input and the output of a series of
components. Among these, the digestible/degradable organic matter and the digestible or
metabolizable energy values are the ones most frequently represented in databases and
used to predict energy supply from feeds and diets.
https://www.fao.org/3/y5159e/y5159e04.htm#:~:text=Feedstuffs%20are%20usually
%20described%20by,organic%20matter%20and%20fat%20contents.

- Uses
 Energy feeds can also be used as a forage substitute when forage availability is
inadequate. Generally, 1 pound of an energy-dense feed, such as corn, can replace 1.5
to 2 pounds of forage. However, this practice is often expensive because forage is
normally the cheapest source of nutrition for cattle.
 The most common energy feeds available to cattle are based on high-starch grains
(corn, sorghum, barley, wheat), fibrous byproducts (soybean hulls, wheat middlings and
beet pulp), or fat sources (oilseeds, animal and vegetable oils).
https://extension.oregonstate.edu/animals-livestock/beef/importance-energy-
nutrition-cattle#:~:text=Energy%20feeds%20can%20also%20be,source%20of
%20nutrition%20for%20cattle.

- Originated

- Form, color, texture
-
-
-
- Importance
  The energy value of a feed depends primarily from three main sources: protein, fat, and
carbohydrates. The animal obtains its energy from the breakdown of these molecules,
which fuels its bodily functions.
https://www.molatek.co.za/the-importance-of-energy-in-ruminant-diets/#:~:text=The
%20energy%20that%20an%20animal,but%20also%20for%20reproductive%20processes.
 The energy that an animal obtains from feedstuff is essential not just for maintenance
activities like breathing, excretion, and digesting, but also for reproductive processes.
https://www.molatek.co.za/the-importance-of-energy-in-ruminant-diets/#:~:text=The
%20energy%20that%20an%20animal,but%20also%20for%20reproductive%20processes.

- Effect on animals


High-Energy Feedstuffs

• Feedstuffs classed as high energy are those fed or added to a ration primarily to provide dietary
energy – Energy from high-energy feedstuffs is primarily supplied by readily available carbohydrates •
Normally high-energy feedstuffs are found in the highest concentrations in the diets fed to animals that
are being rapidly grown or being finished – These feedstuffs also provide substantial amounts of amino
acids, minerals, and vitamins.

• Contains more than 70% TDN • Contains less than 18% crude fiber • Exceptions may occur Example -
Corn silage -greater than 70% TDN -classified as #3 -IFN: 3-28-250 RULE OF THUMB: Fiber and energy are
inversely related

CEREAL GRAINS

• Cereal grains are produced by plants of the grass family (Gramineae) grown primarily for their seeds •
CORN IS A GRASS,

OATS ARE A GRASS

• They provide tremendous tonnages of harvested grains • World coarse cereal grain production
increased by 15% between 1990/91 and 2006/07. – Between 2001/02 and 2006/07, the price increased
by 29.6%, due to ethanol use (corn used to produce ethanol) – Usage of several of the most common
feed cereal grains is shown in Figure 5.1.

CEREAL GRAINS

• Some corn is used for human consumption in the United States. – Less than what currently is used for
animal feeds or the production of ethanol

• Wheat and rice are grown primarily for human consumption. – Moderate amounts of wheat may go
into animal feed. – Corn, wheat, and rice are the most common human grain produced

• Barley and oats are becoming less important, as they do not usually yield as well as other grains. –
Barley is used extensively in the brewing industry. – Oats are used primarily to feed livestock
• Other grains, such as millet and rye, find only limited use in North America, although they are more
widely used in Europe and Asia.

• Sorghum is primarily used as an animal feed in the United States.

• Triticale - A wheat-rye cross grown in limited amounts for feed.

https://www.coursehero.com/file/11884866/Chapter-5-Energy-feeds/#:~:text=High%2DEnergy
%20Feedstuffs%20%E2%80%A2%20Feedstuffs,in%20the%20diets%20fed%20to