POSITIVE THOUGHTS: Every

morning is a blessing. Be
thankful for a new beginning.
FORMS OF PRESENTATION OF
DATA
 LEARNING OUTCOMES
Use to categorize and summarize the
information in order to understand the
presentation easily
Textual
This form of presentation combines text and
numerical facts in paragraphs to explain the
summary of data gathered. It usually discusses
the highlights of the data.

Tabular
This form of presentation uses statistical table
that shows the data in a more concise and
systematic manner. The table facilitates the
analysis of relationships of data.
It consists of rows and columns in which a class or
subclass is assigned to a particular column or row
and the numerical figures for various classifications
are written in its respective cells.

Advantages of Tabular Presentation

1. It provides the reader a good grasp of the
meaning of the quantitative relationship of the
data presented in the report.
2. The systematic arrangement of columns and
rows makes the table understandable by the
reader.
3. The rows and columns facilitate comparison.
4. It gives a vivid picture of the whole data; thus,
decision-making will be easier.
5. It saves time for the reader to analyze and interpret
data.

Graphical
This form of presentation is the most interesting and
the most effective means of organizing and presenting
statistical data. The important relationships of data can
be easily seen by merely looking at colorful figures that
are creatively designed.
DIFFERENT KINDS OF
GRAPHS/CHARTS
 Circle Graph (Pie Chart)
Displays data using a circle divided into
sectors. We use a circle graph (also called
a pie chart) to show how data represent
portions of
one whole or one
group. Notice
that each sector is
represented by %
 Bar Graph
Displays data by using bars of equal width on a grid. The bars may
be vertical or horizontal. Bar graphs are used for comparisons.
 Pictograph
Uses pictures and symbols to display data; each
picture or symbol can represent more than
one object; a key tells what each picture
represents.
 Broken Line Graph
A graph showing data points joined by line
segments to show trends over time.
 Continuous Line Graph
A graph in which points on the line between the
plotted points also have meaning. Sometimes,
this is a “best fit” graph where a straight line is
drawn to fit the data points. Notice that
the independent
variable is on the X
axis, & the
dependent is on the
Y axis.
 Scatter Plots
A graph of data that is a set of points.
 Map Graph or Cartogram
This is the graphical form that is ideal for
presenting geographical data. This is always
accompanied by a legend, which tells the true
meaning of the colors or other symbols used in
map.
 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF THE
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
The following graphs can be constructed to represent
a frequency distribution of data collected.
HISTOGRAM
This consists of a set of rectangles having bases on
the horizontal axis, which center on the class marks.
The base widths correspond to the class size while
the heights of the rectangles refer to the class
frequencies. The difference of histograms from other
bar graphs is that there is no gap or space between
two bars.
FREQUENCY POLYGON
This is constructed by plotting class frequencies
(vertical axis) against class marks (horizontal
axis). It is made by connecting the midpoints of
the rectangular tops in the histogram or joining
the plotted points for the class marks and their
corresponding frequencies. In order to close the
frequency polygon, additional class interval with
frequency value of zero will be added to both
ends of the distribution.
OGIVE
This is also known as cumulative frequency
polygon obtained by plotting the cumulative
frequency less than any upper-class boundary
against the upper-class boundary and joining all
the consecutive points by straight lines. If
relative cumulative frequencies had been used,
the graph is called relative frequency ogive. In
another way, if percentages had been used, then
the graph is called percentage ogive.
 The Lorenz Curve
The Lorenz curve illustrates how cumulative
shares of income are earned by cumulatively
increasing fractions of the population,
arranged from the poorest to the richest.

A graphical method for measuring inequality

The Lorenz Curve
ACTIVITY 01