INTRODUCTION TO SOFT COMPUTING AND

NEURAL NETWORKS

UNIT 1
What is Soft Computing?
 The idea behind soft computing is to model
cognitive behavior of human mind.
 Soft computing is base of conceptual
intelligence in machines.
 Soft computing is a collection of techniques
that help us to construct computationally
intelligent system.
 SOFT COMPUTING VS HARD COMPUTING
SOFT COMPUTING
 Soft computing is stochastic in nature.
 Soft computing can perform parallel
computations.
 Takes less computation time.
 produces approximate answers.
 Low cost for solution.
HARD COMPUTING
 Hard computing is deterministic in
nature.
 Hard computing can perform sequential
computations.
 Takes more computation time.
 Produces exact answers.
 High cost for solution.
Soft Computing Constituents
Methodology Strength
Neural Network Learning and Adaption
Fuzzy Set Theory Knowledge representation
via fuzzy if-then rules
Genetic algorithm
and simulated Systematic random
annealing search
Neural network
 Neural networks mimic certain
processing capabilities of the
human brain.
 A neural network is a processing
device, either an algorithm or an
actual hardware.
 A computing world has a lot to gain
from neural networks.
Fuzzy Logic
 Fuzzy logic is a method of
processing variables that allows
the processing of several possible
truth values through a single
variable.
 Variables can have truth values
that are not only true or false, but
any real number between 0 and 1.
Genetic Algorithm
 Genetic Algorithms are used to
mimic some of the processes
observed in natural evolution.
 GA s are used to solve complex
optimization problems.
 Genetic algorithms are based on
the ideas of natural selection and
genetics.
From Conventional AI to Computational Intelligence

 Humans usually employ natural

language in reasoning and drawing
conclusions.
 Conventional AI research focuses
on trying to mimic human
intelligent behavior through the
use of language or symbolic rules.
 soft computing is developing using
AI concepts from cybernetics.
 Machine Learning
TYPES OF MACHINE LEARNING
Supervised
Clustering
 Supervised Learning Learning

 Unsupervised Learning Machine Unsupervised

Association
Learning Learning
 Reinforcement Learning
Reinforcement Dimensionality
Learning Reduction
Applications using Soft Computing
 Human Expertise
 Biologically inspired computing models
 Numerical computation
 New optimization techniques
 Model free learning
 Intensive computation
 Fault tolerance