“Boys should not cry.

”
“Girls are bad drivers
while boys are superb
drivers.”
 “Boys should not be
allowed to play dolls.”
“Women should be prim
and proper. It is ok for
me to be rowdy, they are
men anyway.”
GENDER ROLE or SEX
ROLE
These are “sets of culturally defined behaviors such
as masculinity and femininity.”
(Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender, 2019)
 G en d er & S o ciety

Anatomy and
Physiology of
Reproduction
K ry zzle Tritz B . D an g el
THE BIOLOGICAL
FEMALE
The female sexual anatomy is designed for the
production and fertilization of ovum, as well as
carrying and delivering an infant offspring.
THE BIOLOGICAL
FEMALE
There are two reproductive structures:
1. External genitalia
2. Internal reproductive structure
THE BIOLOGICAL
FEMALE
External genitalia
1. Vulva – located between the legs, covers the
opening of the vagina and other reproductive
organs inside the body.

2. Vagina – is the canal which connects the cervix

to the external female body parts. It is the route
for the penis during coitus as well as a fetus
during delivery
THE BIOLOGICAL
FEMALE
External genitalia

3. Clitoris – a small sensory organ, it is located

toward the front to the vulva where the folds of
the labia join.
THE BIOLOGICAL
FEMALE
External genitalia
4. Labia – two pairs of skin flaps, surround the
vaginal opening.
The labia majora (large lips) enclose and
protect the other external reproductive organs.

The labia minora (small lips) lie just inside

the labia majora, and surround the openings to the
vagina and urethra.
THE BIOLOGICAL
FEMALE
External genitalia
5. Bartholini’s glands – these glands are located
next to the vaginal opening on each side and
produce a fluid.
THE BIOLOGICAL
FEMALE
Internal Parts
1. Ovaries – these are small oval-shaped glands
that are located on either side of the uterus.
Ovaries produce and store ovum in them. They
also produce female hormone called estrogen.
THE BIOLOGICAL
FEMALE
Internal Parts
2. Fallopian Tubes (Oviducts) – these are narrow
tubes that are attached to the upper part of the
uterus and serve as pathways for the ova (egg
cells) to travel from the ovaries to the uterus.
THE BIOLOGICAL
FEMALE
Internal Parts
3. Uterus (womb) – it is a hollow pear-shaped
organ that serves as the home to a developing
fetus. The uterus has two parts: the cervix, the
lower part that opens into the vagina, and the
main body of the uterus, called the corpus.
THE BIOLOGICAL
FEMALE
Internal Parts
4. Urethra – it is the tube that carries urine from
the bladder to the outside of the body.
THE BIOLOGICAL MALE

The male sexual anatomy is designed for the

production and delivery of sperm for fertilization of
the female’s ovum.
THE BIOLOGICAL MALE

There are two reproductive structures:

1. External genitalia
2. Internal reproductive structure
THE BIOLOGICAL MALE
External genitalia
1. Penis – it is a cylindrical tube which functions
as both reproductive organ (sexual intercourse)
and excretory organ (urination).

2. Testes (testicles) – a pair of oval-shaped organs

masked in a pouch called the scrotum. They
produce sperm and testosterone, the male sex
hormone.
THE BIOLOGICAL MALE
External genitalia
3. Scrotum – it is the sac-like organ hanging
below the penis and it houses the testicles. It
maintains a temperature that is required for the
production of sperm.
THE BIOLOGICAL MALE
Internal parts
1. Prostate gland – a walnut-sized gland that sits
in the middle of the pelvis. The urethra runs
through the middle of it. It produces the fluid
secretions that support and nourish the sperm.
2. Vas deferens – a thick-walled tube joined to the
epididymis. It carries sperm from the
epididymis up to the prostate gland and urethra.
THE BIOLOGICAL MALE
Internal parts
3. Urethra – a tube extending from the bladder to
the external opening at the end of the penis. The
urethra carries both urine and sperm.
PUBERTY
PUBERTY

Puberty is the time in life when a boy or a girl

becomes sexually mature.
 • The menstrual cycle marks the
beginning of puberty.

In
females…
Female sexual development/physical
changes emerging as they go through
puberty:
a. Widening of hips and pelvis
- accommodates giving birth
Female sexual development emerging as
they go through puberty:

b. Breast development

c. Body hair
- genital area
- under the arms
- on the legs
- chest area
Female sexual development emerging as
they go through puberty:

d. Vaginal discharge

e. Increase in height
• females are generally shorter than
men
More female characteristics:

• Lower mortality rate at every age

and longer projected lifespan than
men
 • At puberty, the testes increase
testosterone.

In Males…
 • Testosterone is a sex hormone that
impacts development and behavior
both before and after birth in both
males and females.

• Testosterone causes the brain to

masculinize and can create traits that

In males are traditionally associated with

& men, such as aggression,

females…
competitive, visuospatial ability, and
increased sexual desire.
 Low levels of testosterone in men are
manifested in a variety of symptoms:

1. Decreased sex drive

2. Less energy
3. Weight gain
4. Feelings of depression
5. Moodiness

In males…
6. Low self-esteem
7. Less body hair
8. Thinner bodies
 Low levels of testosterone in women have
the following symptoms:

1. Low libido
2. Reduced bone strength
3. Poor concentration
4. Depression

In
females…
Male sexual development/physical
changes emerging as they go through
puberty:
a. Enlargement of the scrotum and
testes
b. Lengthening of the penis
c. Growth of pubic hair
d. Growth of hair on the face and in
the underarms
e. Ejaculation becomes possible
f. Breast enlargement
Male sexual development emerging as
they go through puberty:

g. Elongation of vocal cords (lower

voice)
h. Broad shoulders
i. Deeper chest cavity
More male characteristics:

• Generally taller and greater

proportion of body weight composed
of water.
• Proportionally larger heart and
lungs
• Greater levels of testosterone
results in heavier body and facial
hair, but also increased frequency
and degree in baldness.
 EX ER CI S E

Name the physical changes that take place in male

during puberty.
 EX ER CI S E

Name the physical changes that take place in

females during puberty.
 ASSIGNMENT
Bring your drawing and art materials.
• Bond paper
• Pencil
• etc
 P erf ormance Tas k

Illustrate the progression of the male and female from

birth, puberty, and adulthood. (50 pts)