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Consists of: Studio Outside Broadcast (OB) Transmission Operation Center (TOC) Production Operation Center (POC)
Television Studio
Studio Floor
VTR
Audio room
Eqpt. Room
5. Digital Video Effects (DVE) - generates effects eg, 3D, zoom etc 6. Frame Synchronizer - to stabilize and synchronize incoming signals eg. From satellite, OB etc 7. Sync Pulse Generator (SPG) - master clock that coordinates the whole system. Generates pulses to sync all video signals. 8. Audio Console - mix and choose all audio sources
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Vision Mixer
is a cross bar type of switch which allows the selection of any one of a large number of inputs Switching the inputs on to any of the available output lines or outgoing circuits Mix/cut those signals The inputs: cameras, VTRs, test signals and outputs from special effect generators
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- System blanking pulses at H and V rate - Camera blanking pulses at the H and V rate
Camera 1
Sync pulse generator SPG
Camera 2
Camera 3
TO AUDIO/
CAM 4 VTR
CCU4
EDA EDA
OB VCG
SPG
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POC - MCR RTM.Link to KL Tower. to ASTRO (via Maxis Fibre) INT. ROOM
STD 1~5
TVRO. TOC incoming Dist.Amp. at TOC i/p Rack
TOC - MCR TEL. MicroWave Room. TOC MATRIX 50 x 50 TOC OUT MATRIX 10 x 10 Final TOC output DAs at TOC o/p rack TEL.Room
TEL. Equip .
OAA
Ext.
Internal sources Ext. ICS CONTY 2 Transfer Facility 1~3 (Win 3.11 WS)
OAA
CONTY 3
OAA
Internal sources
Integrated Control System for routing switchers and machine remote control.
Ethernet LAN
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TV Transmitters
Is a combination of video and audio transmitter Outputs from both are fed to a common transmitting antenna through feeder line connected to a combining unit called diplexer. Video is AM Audio is FM Tx operate in the UHF or VHF range.
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Filter Plexer
Crystal MO
Multipliers x2 x3 x 3
RF AMP
PA Driver 2 stages
10 kW
Audio
Pre-amp FM Modulator Multipliers x2x2x3x3 AMP PA Driver PA
2 kW
AFC
Xtal Osc.
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Video signal is processed through: Visual exerter unit consisting the video I/P amp and sync regenerator, equalizer and phase compensator Audio signal is processed in: Aural exciter unit Incoming audio frequency modulates FM carrier frequency to the final sound carrier frequency for the channel used
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TV Relay Systems
One of the common relay systems is the Microwave Communication Link System. Are e.m waves, wavelength : 1 m down to 1mm,frequency of 300 MHz to 300 GHz. Normal frequency : 2 GHz, 7 GHz and 13 GHz.
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Mixer Unit
Modulated AMP
IF Amp
Audio i/p
LIM. Discriminator
Audio Output
Microwave links are commonly used for : 1. Studio-to-Transmitter Link (STL) - for the relay of programs from studio to transmitter 2. Outside Broadcast (OBs) - when live programs to be relayed from remote places to transmitter or TV studios 3. Inter-Station TV Relay Systems - interchange TV programs between TV stations
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