NGỮ ÂM – ÂM VỊ HỌC

UNIT 10: WEAK FORMS

Tên giảng viên: Nguyễn Thúy Nga

Trần Vũ Diễm Thúy
WEAK FORMS

1. Functional Words: WEAK

Functional/ grammatical words: pronoun, preposition,
conjunction, auxiliary, and determiner

The vowel is pronounced as /ə/ (schwa)

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WEAK FORMS

2. Functional Words: STRONG

– At final position.
Ex: Paul is talking to Mary /pɔ:lɪz′tɔ:lkɪŋtə ´meri/
But: Who is he talking to? /huɪz i ′tɔ:lkɪŋtu/

– When being used contrasted with another word.

Ex: The letter’s from him, not to him /ðə ´letəz ´frɒmɪmnɒt ´tu: ɪm/

– A co-ordinated use of preposition.

Ex: I travel to and from DL a lot /aɪ′trævI ´tu:ən ´frɒmDLəlɒt/
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WEAK FORMS

2. Functional Words: STRONG

– When being “cited” or “quoted”.
Ex: You shouldn’t put ‘and’ at the end of a sentence
/ju′ʃʊdntpʊt‘ænd’ətði end əvə′sentəns/
– In negative form.
Ex: I can’t speak French /aɪkæntspi:k ´frenʧ /

– For the purpose of emphasis.

Ex: You must give me more money.
/ju ´mʌst ´gɪv mi mɔ: ´mʌni/
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WEAK FORMS

2. Some Special Words

– That: +weak /ðət/: conjunction and relative pronoun.
Ex: He thinks that you love him /hi θɪŋksðətjulʌvɪm/
+strong /ðæt/: demonstrative
Ex: That book is mine /ðætbʊkɪzmaɪn/

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WEAK FORMS

2. Some Special Words

– Some: +weak /səm/: countable noun plural and uncountable
Ex: I have somedogs /aɪhævsəmdɒgz/
I need some money /aɪni:dsəm ´mʌni/
+ strong /sʌm/: countable singular noun and final
position
Ex: I think some boy broke it. /aɪθɪŋksʌm ´bɔɪ ´brəʊkɪt/
I takesome. /aɪteɪksʌm/

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WEAK FORMS

2. Some Special Words

– There: +weak /ðə(r)/: formal subject.
Ex: There is a book on the table /ðə(r)ɪzəbʊkɒnðə′teıbl/
+strong /ðeə(r)/: adverb and in final position
Ex: There it is /ðeə(r)ɪtɪz/
Put it there /pʊtɪtðeə/

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WEAK FORMS

2. Some Special Words

– Must: + weak /məst/: obligation, duty.
Ex: I must go now. /aıməstgəʊnaʊ/
+ strong /mʌst/: deduction and final position
Ex: He left at 7:00; he must have arrived here by
now.
/hi ´left ət 7:00 hi mʌsthəvə′raɪvdhɪəbaɪnaʊ/