CLOTHING

AND
TEXTILE
What is clothing ?
 Clothing
Clothing refers to any covering for the human body.
The wearing of clothing is exclusively a human
characteristic and is a feature of most human societies.
The amount and type of clothing worn depends on
functional considerations (such as a need for warmth or
protection from the elements) and social
considerations.
 Functions of Clothing

 - Protection from Climatic changes and

Environmental Factors

- Cultural aspects (Social Status, Religion,

Gender Difference)
- Self expression
 PROTECTION FROM CLIMATIC
CHANGES & ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR
• Clothing protects people against
many things that might injure the
uncovered human body. Clothes
act as protection from the
elements, including rain, snow
and wind and other weather
conditions, as well as from the
sun.
• Conversely, clothing may protect the
environment from the clothing wearer,
as with doctors wearing medical
scrubs.

• Clothes also enhance safety during

hazardous activities such as hiking
and cooking, by providing a barrier
between the skin and the
environment.
 CULTURAL ASPECTS
Gender differentiation
•  In most cultures, gender differentiation of clothing is considered
appropriate for men and women. The differences are in styles, colors
and fabrics.
•  In Western societies, skirts, dresses and high heeled shoes are
usually seen as women's clothing, while neck ties are usually seen as
men's clothing.
• Trousers were once seen as exclusively male clothing, but are
nowadays worn by both genders.
 CULTURAL ASPECTS
Social status
• In some societies, clothing may be used to indicate rank or
status
• In ancient Rome, for example, only senators were permitted
to wear garments dyed with Tyrian purple.
• In China, before the establishment of the republic, only the
emperor could wear yellow.
• In addition, peer pressure influences clothing choice
 CULTURAL ASPECTS
Religion
• Muslim men traditionally wear white robes and a
cap during prayers
• Religious clothing might be considered a special
case of occupational clothing. Sometimes it is
worn only during the performance of religious
ceremonies. However, it may also be worn
everyday as a marker for special religious status.
 SELF EXPRESSION
• In many societies, norms about clothing
reflect standards of modesty, religion,
gender, and social status.
•  Clothing may also function as a form
of adornment and and expression of
personal taste or style.
What is a Textile?
 Textile has traditionally meant “ a woven
fabric”. The term comes from a latin word “
textere” meaning to weave. A textile is
therefore a cloth which is either woven by
hand or machine.
Textile
• is a flexible material comprised of a
network of natural or artificial fibers often
referred to as thread or yarn.

• Yarn is produced by spinning raw wool

fibers, linen, cotton, or other material on a
spinning wheel to produce long strands
known as yarn.

• Textiles are formed by weaving, knitting,

crocheting, knotting, or pressing
 Textile Fiber based on Source

Natural fibers – they are obtained from

nature.
a. vegetable fibers ( cellulose)
b. animal fibers (protein)
 A. Vegetable Fiber
Vegetable fiber is extracted from plants.
1. Cotton
is most widely used natural fiber
and consist of pure cellulose.
2. Abaca
is a leaf fiber, extracted from leaf
sheat around the trunk of musa
textiles.
3. Sisal
Is a hard and coarser leaf fiber

4. Jute
is a strongest vegetable fiber
from india and bangladesh.

5. Coir
is a hard, short fiber extracted
from shells of ccoconut.
B. Animal Fiber

Animal fibers generally

comprise proteins such as
collagen, keratin and fibroin;
examples include silk, sinew,
wool, catgut, angora,
mohair and alpaca.
1. Wool

• Obtained from
fleece of sheep
2. Silk

The finest quality of raw

silk is obtained from the
cocoon of the bombyx
mori, a type of silkworm
SEWING
AND
TEXTILE
 Sewing and Textile

One of the most important

subjects of Home Economics . The
sewing and textiles, Major with fine
arts background may find a career
as a dress of fabric designer.
Sewing
Is the craft of fastening or attaching objects
using stitche made with a needle and thread.

Textile
Is a flexible material consisting of a network
of natural or artificial fibers ( yarn or thread).
 Patterns and Fitting
A patttern can be quite, simple some patterns
are nothing more than a mathematical formula that
the sewer calculates based on the intended
wearer’s measurements. once calculated , the
sewer has the measurements needed to cut the
cloth and sew the garment together.
 Patterns
The template from
which the parts of a
garment are traced
onto fabric before
being cut out and
assemble.
 Elements of garment sewing
• Seamstresses
- are provided with the pattern, with
the intent of using as little fabric as
possible. Before or after the pattern
pieces are cut , it is often necessary to
mark the pieces to provide a guide
during the sewing process,
 Elements of garment sewing

• Marking Methods
may include using pens,
pencil or chalk, tailor’s tacks,
snips, pins, or thread tracing
among others.
 Sewing tools
Sewers working on a simple project needed only a
few sewing tools, such as measuring tape, needle ,
thread, cloth and sewing shears. More complex
projects may only need a few more simple tools to
get the job done, but there are an ever -growing
variety of helpful sewing aids available.
MATERIALS

​ abric
F
The Fabric is the cloth used in making garments.
The plaincotton fabrics, flour sack or catcha is the
most appropriate material for beginners because
these are very easy to handle.

Thread
The thread is used in assembling or constructing
the parts of the garment. Threads vary in sizes.
Heavy fabrics need stronger threads. Threads
should have the same color with that of the fabric
used.
 Classification of sewing tools.

• Measuring tools,
• Cutting tools,
• Marking tools,
• Pinning/sewing tools.
 Measuring tools,
- is used for taking body
measurements and for drafting
pattern.
Tape Measure
A flexible measuring device used in taking body
measurements.The front has the measurement
of 150 centimeters and 60 inches onthe
otherside.

Rulers
A ruler measuring 12 inches or even 18 inches,
either clear or solid. It is a useful tool to have for
measuring and drawing straight seam lines and
cutting lines. It also aids in connecting lines.
French Curve

This is used to shape the

depth of the neckhole
andarmhole of the
pattern.
 Marking tools
Are required for transferring
pattern markings to garment fabric
pieces and for making alterations on
garments.
Chalk Pencils/Dressmaker pencil
This is available in white or pastel shades.This
chalk pencil is used to make fine lines on fabric. It
has an erasing brush at one end.

Tailor’s Chalk
This is essential as a marker for use on
materials.Tailor‘s chalk is available in a range of
colors and is removed by brushing.

Wax chalk
This is available in black or white and is used
for woolen fabrics. Wax can be removed by
pressing.
 Cutting tools,
are instruments that serve well if
properly maintained. Sharp cutting tools
make clean cuts and well-defined notches
and they do not damage fabric.
Pinking Shears
This is popular in zigzagging or scalloped edge
or for seam finishes. This is used to finish seams
and raw edges and to create decorative edges
on many types of fabric. It cuts a ravel-resistant
edge.

Trimming scissor
It is 3-4 inches long. It is used for trimmings,
clipping threads and snipping slashes.

Thread Clippers
Thread clippers are a handy little spring loaded
cutting tool that allows for the snipping of
threads.
 Pinning/sewing tools.
Pincushion
A pincushion holds the straight pins and needles
whileworking to prevent accidents.

Hand Needle
Used in making temporary stitches and buttonholes.
Sizes of 7 to 10 are for general hand sewing.

Thimble
A small hard pitted cup worn for protection on the
finger that pushes the needle in sewing.
 SEWING MACHINE

Any of various machines for stitching

material such as cloth or leather. It is
used to sew fabric and materials together
with thread.
1. Lockstitch Sewing Machine. This is
usually used in homes and sometimes in
school. This is also called ―Domestic
Sewing Machine‖. It is run by foot and may
also be converted to electric power machine.

2. Hi-Speed Lockstitch Sewing Machine.

This is sometimes called „straight stitching
machine‖ or industrial sewing machine. It
has automatic lubrication and is used by
tailors and dressmakers.
3. Over Edging Machine.
Other companies call it ―small
machine‖. It finishes the raw edges
of the pattern for construction.

4. Button Attachment Machine.

This is used in attaching buttons to
the garments.
5. Bartacking Machine. This is used in
reinforcing the opening and closing of
pockets.

6. Embroidery Machine. This is used in

making fancy stitches and in making
different kinds of embroidery stitches on
fabrics for the Barong Tagalog, pillow
cases, linen, and other novelty items.
Thank you..