Automatic Control

Eng: Youssef Augusto

 Chapter 1

Introduction to Control System

 Control System
• System: combination of different physical components that
act together as an entire unit to achieve objects

• Control: Regulation Arrangement

• Control System: System that act as regulator by using

different physical components
Control System
• Plant: Position of system that is to be controlled or
regulated.
• Controller: The element of the system itself or external to
the system that control the plant.
• Input: Applied signal or an excitation signal applied to
control system from external source to produce specific
output.
• Output: The actual response obtained from control
system.
Control System
• Disturbances: It is a signal that affect the value of output
and it is classified internal or external disturbances.

Input Plant Output

Natural
Non Linear
Open Loop
Control System Manual
Closed Loop
Man Made Linear

Automatic
Time Interval Time variance
Control System
• Natural Control: Biological System,
Universe System
• Man Made Control: Various systems
that is used in our day and is
classified by manual and automatic
control
The manual control is the system that
the controller is a man.
Control System
The automatic control is the
system that has a controller
such as amplifier , relays , ...
Control System
• Open Loop system: System that output depends on
input at controlling action or input is totally independant of
output or change in output.
Input signal Output
Controller Process

• Closed Loop: System that the controlling action of input

is dependant on output or change output using feedback.
error signal output
Controller Process
Input

FeedBack
Control System
• Multivariable control System:
System that contains multinumber of input and number of
output.
input output

signal
Controller Process

FeedBack
Control System
• Comparison between open and closed loop:

P.O.C Open Loop Closed Loop

1. Simple in construction 1. High Accuracy
2. Easy for maintainance 2. Sense the internal
Advantages 3. Economical distributions
4. Not troubled with problems of
stability
1. Inaccurate and unreliable 1. Complicated and time
2. Cannot sense internal distributions consuming
Disadvantages 2. Need more care for
instablilty
Examples
Examples
Examples
Examples
 Chapter 2

Laplace Transform
Laplace Transform
• Laplace can be defined as:

For Example: find laplace transform of

Laws
Laws
Examples
Examples
Examples
 Chapter 3

Transfer Function
Transfer Function

Definition: Ratio between the laplace transform of output to

the system of laplace transform of input assuming that all
conditions is zero.
r(t) g(t) R(s) G(s)
System System
Laplace transform of electrical components
Laplace transform of mechanical components

Suppose a mechanical system contains mass ,

spring and damper

In Spring:

In Damper:

In Mass:
Examples

Find the transfer function of the following circuit

Examples
Examples