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Speed and Motion
Speed and Motion
To calculate speed:
Speed
Speed
Speed
==Distance
0.07
= 2.0
m m/s
÷÷5.0
Time
s
Example 2
A car drives 250 m in one minute.
Speed
Speed
Speed
==
Distance
=
250
4.17
m ÷m/s
÷60
Time
s
Use the Formula Triangle!
d
s t
To calculate To calculate To calculate
speed: time: distance:
Distance Displacement
How far an object The distance and
moves in total. direction an object
moves from a starting
position.
Distance vs. Displacement
Jeffrey, my
distance was
176 meters!
BE N
displacement was
I
1 meter!
D
EN
Distance vs. Displacement
90 ft.
90 ft.
90 ft.
90 ft. 90 ft.
90 ft.
90 ft. 90 ft.
90 ft. 90 ft.
S=D÷T
=8÷4 S=D÷T
= 2 m/s =8÷2
= 4 m/s
Distance-Time Graphs
• Therefore, the
object is at rest (not
Time (s)
moving)
Interpreting a D-T Graph (2)
Analysis:
• The object is
moving away from
Distance (m)
reference point
• The object is
moving at a
constant speed
• The object is
Time (s) moving slowly
Interpreting a D-T Graph (4)
Analysis:
• In Part A, the object
is moving away at a
Distance (m)
constant speed
• In Part B, the object
B
is at rest
A C
• In Part C, it is
moving towards at
Time (s) constant speed
Any Questions?
Motion
Part 3: Velocity and Acceleration
Review: Speed
To calculate speed:
Velocity is a description of
both speed and direction.
Velocity is an example
of a vector, a quantity
that has both magnitude and
direction.
Acceleration
Objects can speed up, slow down or change direction.
A change in direction
a = Vfinal - Vinitial
t
a = Vfinal - Vinitial
t
a = 20.0 m/s - 11.0 m/s
4.0
a = 9.0 m/s
4.0
a = 2.25 m/s2
Example 2
A speed skater just finished a race. After she crossed the
finish line, she coasted to a complete stop. If her initial
speed was 13.0 m/s and her acceleration was -2.9 m/s 2, how
long did it take her to stop?
a = Vfinal - Vinitial
t
- 2.9 m/s2 = 0.0 m/s - 13.0 m/s
t
t (- 2.9) = - 13.0 m/s
t = - 13.0 m/s / - 2.9
t = 4.5 s
Any Questions?
Motion
Part 4: Speed-Time Graphs
Interpreting a D-T Graph (1)
Analysis:
• The distance (m)
increasing as time
Distance (m)
(s) passes
• The distance gets
larger and larger
with each second
• This shows (+)
Time (s)
acceleration
Interpreting a D-T Graph (1)
Analysis:
• The distance (m)
decreasing as time
Distance (m)
(s) passes
• The distance gets
smaller & smaller
with each second
• This shows (-)
Time (s)
acceleration
Interpreting a D-T Graph (3)
Analysis:
• The distance (m)
from a reference
Distance (m)
point is increasing
• It is increasing at a
regular rate
• This shows (0)
acceleration
Time (s)
Interpreting a D-T Graph (3)
Analysis:
• The object is
moving towards the
Distance (m)
reference point
• The object is
moving at a
constant speed
• The object is
Time (s) moving slowly
Interpreting a S-T Graph (4)
Analysis:
• The speed (m/s) is
constant as time (s)
Speed (m/s)
passes
• The object’s speed
is not changing
• This shows (0)
acceleration
Time (s)
Interpreting a S-T Graph (5)
Analysis:
• The speed (m/s) is
increasing as time
Speed (m/s)
(s) passes
• The object speed is
changing
• This shows (+)
acceleration
Time (s)
Any Questions?
FUN FACTS