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DIGITAL MICROMIRROR DEVICE(DMD)

Submitted by SUMESH. E.M S7ECE NO:41

WHAT IS DMD?

DMD IS AN OPTICAL SEMICONDUTOR THAT IS THE CORE OF DLP PROJECTION TECHNOLOGY IT IS SIMPLY KNOWN AS MIRROR ON CHIP SIZE OF ONE FIFTH OF HUMAN HAIR. IT IS THE COMBINATION OF ELECTROMECHANICAL AND OPTICAL FUNCTIONALITY

DMD

DMD is a member of MEMS and is electro mechanical switch. The DMD is fabricated over a CMOS memory Each light switch has an aluminum mirror, 16 micro m squares, that can reflect light in one of two directions, depending on the state of the underlying memory cell. DMD is based on the pulse width modulation technique.

DMD cell Architecture

The fabrication of the DMD superstructure begins with a completed CMOS memory ckt A thick oxide is deposited over metal-2 of the CMOS and then planarized using a chemical mechanical polish (CMP) technique. Rotation of the mirror is accomplished through electrostatic attraction produced by voltage differences developed between the mirror and the underlying memory cell

THE MIRROR AS A SWITCH

FUNCTIONAL BEHAVIOR OF DMD

i. ii.
iii.

All are tiltable mirrors Each pixel corresponds to one colour

When the memory cell is on (1) state, the mirror rotates to +10 degrees

iv.

when the memory cell is in off (0) state, the mirror rotates to 10 degrees

v.

vi.

Grey scales are created by controlling the proportion of ON and OFF times of the mirror during one frame period Motion video display is created by changing the SRAM data at the video frame rate

BLOCK DIAGRAM

Actual Working of DLP

The analog signals are digitized, decoded to Y/R-Y/BY signals. The Y/C signals are then converted from interlace to progressive format The progressive scan-rate Y/R-Y/B-Y signals are converted to R/G/B data in the Color Space Conversion block. This data is subjected to a degamma operation Translates the R/G/B data into bit plane level data using PWM technique. It is used to drive the DMD display.

Creation of Colour

When a white light from the lamp is passed through a color wheel filter, color is added Color Wheel consist of RED, GREEN & BLUE colors which rotates at high speed. As wheel spin, mirrors on DMD are tilted ON for the exact amount of time required for each basic color Only 1 color is shined onto DMD at a time When spinning fast enough, human eyes blend alternating flashes to view more colors in the projected image.

COMPARISON

DMD DISPLAY
HIGH PIXEL EFFICIENCY HIGH FILL FACTOR HIGH PICTURE QUALITY

LCD DISPLAY
COMPARITIVELY LESS LOW FILL FACTOR COMPARITIVELY LESS

Seamless Picture Advantage

LCD-PROJECTED IMAGE

DLP- PROJECTED IMAGE

The square mirrors on DMDs are 16 m ,separated by 1m gaps, giving a fill factor of up to 90%.

APPLICATIONS

COMMONLY USED IN HDTV WIDELY USED IN HOLLOW GRAPHIC VERSATILE DISC DMD IS THE HEART OF DLP

ADVANTAGES

HIGH RELIABILITY HIGH ASPECT RATIO HIGH CONTRAST RATIO HIGH STABILITY

Disadvantages

(Use of spinning color wheel to modulate image causes color to separate out in distinct red, green and blue in any given instant of time)

Break out and rapid sequencing of color blamed for headaches and eyestrain

CONCLUSION

The general movement of the display industry is in the digital direction DMD-based displays preserve the digital integrity of the source image all the way to the eye. The result is the best possible video quality.

THANK YOU!