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  • Honemes AND Llophones: Occur in Non-Overlapping Set of Environments Creates or Does Not Create A Difference in Meaning

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    Samar Abd El-Aziz
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    The document discusses phonemes, allophones, and creating an economical system for phonological analysis. It notes that allophones are different realizations of the same phoneme that vary predictably depending on their phonetic environment. Two rules are identified: voiceless stops are aspirated initially and unaspirated elsewhere, and /k/ and /g/ are velar except before front vowels. The document advocates creating a system that groups phonetic segments by shared articulatory traits, eliminates redundancy, and accounts for universal combinations to allow cross-linguistic comparison.

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    Phonology 4

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    The document discusses phonemes, allophones, and creating an economical system for phonological analysis. It notes that allophones are different realizations of the same phoneme that vary predictably depending on their phonetic environment. Two rules are identified: voiceless stops are aspirated initially and unaspirated elsewhere, and /k/ and /g/ are velar except before front vowels. The document advocates creating a system that groups phonetic segments by shared articulatory traits, eliminates redundancy, and accounts for universal combinations to allow cross-linguistic comparison.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    38 views12 pages

    Honemes AND Llophones: Occur in Non-Overlapping Set of Environments Creates or Does Not Create A Difference in Meaning

    Uploaded by

    Samar Abd El-Aziz
    The document discusses phonemes, allophones, and creating an economical system for phonological analysis. It notes that allophones are different realizations of the same phoneme that vary predictably depending on their phonetic environment. Two rules are identified: voiceless stops are aspirated initially and unaspirated elsewhere, and /k/ and /g/ are velar except before front vowels. The document advocates creating a system that groups phonetic segments by shared articulatory traits, eliminates redundancy, and accounts for universal combinations to allow cross-linguistic comparison.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 12

    PHONEMES AND ALLOPHONES

    Predictability of occurrence
    Invariance/variance in meaning

    Occur in non-overlapping set of environments

    Creates or does not create a difference in meaning

    PHONE PHONEME ALLOPHONE


    phone = a sound Phoneme = a sound that has the ability to change the meaning of words in minimal pairs Ten Ben Allophones = different realizations (forms) of a single phoneme

    MAKING GENERALIZATIONS ABOUT


    ALLOPHONES Two allophonic realizations for /k/ /k/ velar as in cupboard /k/ palatal as in kitchen

    Two allophonic variations for /p/, /k/ and /t/ Aspirated in initial position Non aspirated in final position

    FIND MORE EXAMPLES AND FORMULATE THE


    RULES FOR THEM

    Matrixes

    MATRIXES FOR DESCRIBING ALLOPHONIC AND


    PHONEMIC DISTRIBUTION /p/ - Voice - Nasal + labial - Alveolar + stop - Fricative - Approximant

    /z/

    QUESTION 3
    /w/ -syllabic + or - consonantal Sonorant Anterior - strident + continuant + voicing

    Syllabic Consonantal Sonorant/ obstruent Anterior/coronal Strident Continuant Voicing

    This set of phonemes are : + anteriors

    REACHING GENERALIZATIONS ARE BASED UPON


    ARTICULATORY DESCRIPTION OF SOUNDS AND THEIR CONTEXTS

    Aspiration of plosives depends on the distribution of sounds in words. i.e. initial/mid / final The implementation of the palatal /c/ and the velar /k/ depends on the adjacent segment vowel. Kitchen cut Analysis reveals the following two rules: 1. /k/ and /g/ are velar except when followed by a front vowel 2. Voiceless stops are aspirated in initial positions and un-aspirated elsewhere.

    WHY DO WE NEED A MORE ECONOMICAL SYSTEM OF PHONOLOGICAL ANALYSIS ?


    1.

    2.

    3.

    Any valid system of analysis should be economical It should account for universal combinations of phonetic segments. Accordingly, many redundancy rules would be eliminated. eg. Oral/Nasal/Voiced It should allow us to group together phonological (sound) segments that behave similarly or differently in all the languages of the world. Vowels and Consonants

    ECONOMICAL PHONOLOGICAL SYSTEM

    Syllabic Consonantal Sonorants obstruents Continuant Anterior Coronal Stridents

    ECONOMICAL PHONOLOGICAL SYSTEM


    Syllabic Consonantal Sonorants /nasal / obstruents /orals/ Continuant Anterior /sounds produced at the alveolar ridge or further forward Coronal / sounds produced after the alveolar ridge Stridents/ friction sounds

    /b/
    -Syllabic

    + Consonantal -Sonorants +obstruents -Continuant + Anterior _Coronal _Stridents comes in initial position it is produced as /b/ followed by a front high vowel

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