Engineering Drawing I
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Kabul University
Drawing course
Lectures Lab
30 points
20 points midterm
Final exam 50 points
Class Rules
Class Rules
زمانی که داخل صنف میشوید
تیلفون تان را خاموش کنید
اگر صدا تیلفون کسی
شنیده شد از صنف
اخراج میگردد
Class Rules
اگر شما نمی
خواهید
بیاموزید
مزاحمت به
Class Rules
If you don’t ask
questions
Class Rules
اگر خواستی به صنف بیا
اگر نخواستی نیا
در امتحان کامیاب شو
نوش جانت
Books
Chapter one
GRAPHICS
LANGUAGE
GRAPHICS LANGUAGE
There are number of languages in this world which people are
communicating between each other
Does anyone knows all these languages?
The answer is
NO
Universal Language
There has actually been a universal language in use since the earliest
time Graphic language
Graphic language is the idea of communicating thoughts from one
person to another by means of pictures
Drawing
The drawing is a graphic representation of real thing, an idea or a
proposed design for construction or manufacturing.
The drawing is the method of a representation of communication of
ideas that is universal and timeless character.
From the beginning of recorded history, man has used drawing to
represent objects to be build.
Definitions
Mechanical drawing: The term applies for the drawings made with
drawing instruments.
Technical sketching: The term applies for the drawings made with
freehand instruments.
Engineering drawing: A graphical language that engineers
understand all over the world irrespective native language.
Communication between designer and manufacturer
Effectiveness of Graphics Language
The word languages are inadequate for describing the size,
shape and features completely as well as concisely.
Graphic language in “engineering application” use lines to
represent the surfaces, edges and contours of objects.
Elements of Engineering Drawing
Engineering drawing are made up of graphics language and word
language.
Graphics language
Describe a shape (mainly).
Word language
Describe size, location and
specification of the object.
Basic Knowledge for Drafting
Graphics language
Line Projection Geometric
types method construction
Word
language
Lettering
Drawing Standard
Standards are set of rules that govern how technical drawings are
represented.
Drawing standards are used so that drawings convey the same
meaning to everyone who reads them.
USA ANSI American National Standard Institute
Japan JIS Japanese Industrial Standard
UK BS British Standard
Germany DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung
ISO International Standards Organization
Drawing Tools
DRAWING TOOLS
Draft board
Drawing Table
DRAWING TOOLS
1. T-Square 2. Triangles
DRAWING TOOLS
2H or HB for thick line
4H for thin line
3. Adhesive Tape 4. Pencils
DRAWING TOOLS
5. Sandpaper 6. Compass
DRAWING TOOLS
7. Pencil Eraser8. Circle Template
9. Erasing Shield
DRAWING TOOLS
11. Sharpener
13. Clean paper
12. Irregular curves
DRAWING TOOLS
Preparation of Tools
Fastening Paper to Drafting Board
1. Place the paper close to the table’s left edge.
2. Move the paper until its lower edge place about the
top edge of T-square.
Fastening Paper to Drafting Board
3. Align the top edge of the paper with T-square blade.
4. Attach the paper’s corners with tape.
Fastening Paper to Drafting Board
5. Move T-square down to smooth the paper.
6. Attach the remaining paper’s corners with tape.
Drawing Sheet
A4
Trimmed paper of
a size A0 ~ A4.
A3
Standard sheet size
(JIS) A2
A4 210 x 297
A3 297 x 420 A1
A2 420 x 594
A1 594 x 841
A0 841 x 1189
(Dimensions in millimeters) A0
Orientation of drawing sheet
1. Type X (A0~A4) 2. Type Y (A4 only)
c
d
d c Drawing
Border Drawing space
space Title block
lines Title block
c
Sheet size c (min) d (min)
A4 10 25
A3 10 25
A2 10 25
A1 20 25
A0 20 25
Drawing Scales
Length, size
Scale is the ratio of the linear dimension of an element
of an object shown in the drawing to the real linear
dimension of the same element of the object.
Size in drawing Actual size
:
Drawing Scales
Designation of a scale consists of the word “SCALE”
followed by the indication of its ratio, as follow
SCALE 1:1 for full size
SCALE X:1 for enlargement scales (X > 1)
SCALE 1:X for reduction scales (X > 1)
Dimension numbers shown in the drawing are correspond
to “true size” of the object and they are independent of
the scale used in creating that drawing.
