When the earth's plates

move together or apart, HOW ARE

creating openings that VOLCANOES
allow magma to rise to the FORMED?
surface
Is a mountain from which
THE
hot melted rock, gas,
MEANIN
steam, and ash from
G OF
inside the Earth
“VOLCA
sometimes burst
NO”
The ‘Vulcano’ is named
after Vulcan, the Roman
God of Fire, who is also WHERE
associated with volcanoes, DOES THE
blacksmithing, and the WORD
transformative power of “VOLCANO”
heat and flame COME
FROM?
The ‘Vulcano’ is named
after Vulcan, the Roman
God of Fire, who is also
associated with volcanoes,
blacksmithing, and the
transformative power of
heat and flame
 T
A
The word ‘Vulcano’
K
comes from the E
Latin word
“Vulcānus” N
O
T
E
INTERNAL EXTERNAL
to

INTERNAL
ch
ASH
Ash is also produced when magma comes into
contact with water, which causes the water
explosively evaporate into steam and for the
magma to shatter

C RAT E R
Is a bowl or funnel-shaped depression that
usually lies directly above the vent from which
volcanic material is ejected
MA
AGSH
MA
Ash is also
Extremely hot produced
liquid andwhen magma
semi-liquid comes into
rock
contact
located with
under water,surface.
Earth's which causes the a
Earth has water
explosively
layered structure thatrate
evapo into steam
consists of the and for the
inner
magma
core, outer to shatter
core, mantle, and crust

C RAT
CONDUITE R
AreIsnatural
a bowlunderground
or funnel-shaped depression that
channels
usually
through lies directly
which magma above
travelsthe vent
from a from which
volcanic
magma material
chamber is ejected
to the surface during a
volcanic eruption
 UA
SM MSMH
AG MI TA
The Ash is also
highest
Extremely hot produced
point andwhen
on a volcano.
liquid magma
Every
semi-liquid comes into
rock
contact
volcano has
located awith water,
summit,
under Earth'sno which
matter
surface.causes the a
what has
Earth water
explosively
thelayered
height thatrate
evapo
of the volcano
structure into steam
itself
consists of the and for the
inner
magma
core, outer to shatter
core, mantle, and crust

AC
SHC RAT E R
O N D U I TD
C LO U
A cloud formed
AreIsnatural from tiny ashchannels
a bowlunderground
or funnel-shaped particles and that
depression
gases blasted
usually
through from
lies
which the volcano.
directly
magma travelsWind
above the
from can
vent
a from which
carry ash thousands
volcanic
magma of the
material
chamber to miles, affecting
is ejected
surface far a
during
greater areas
volcanic and many more people than
eruption
other volcano hazards
 SSM OUL A
MISD
AG MH MIIFTAI E D
The Ashforisthe
highest also
pointproduced when
on a volcano. magma
Every comes into
Is also used
volcano
formed L
located
the AVA
Extremely
bycontact
has
hot liquid
summit,
under
coolingEarth's
of
and
solidified
awith water,
no
semi-liquid
rock
which causes
matter
surface.
a molten Earth
rock
the a
what has water
lava the explosively
height
layered
flow. of
vent evapo
thethis
volcano
Main structure thatrate into steam
itself
consists
is the of the and for the
inner
channel magma
core,
through to
outerwhichshatter
core, mantle, and crust
magma
travels to reach the Earth's surface

AC SH OC RAT
N C DLO U E U
I R
T D
S AEcloud
C O N
formed
AreIsnatural
DA
from
RY
tiny ashchannels
a bowlunderground
or funnel-shaped particles and that
depression
Somegases
magma
V
through
carry ash
the volcano, E
blasted
may
usually
N from
which
thousands
magma chamberifto
T
escape
lies
particularly
volcanic
thethrough
magma volcano.
directly
ofthe
material
above
travels
miles,
is main
the
Wind
the side
the
from
affecting
can
of from which
vent
a
far a
ventduring
ejected
surface
greater
becomes areas
blocked
volcanic and many more people than
eruption
other volcano hazards
 S UA
L AVA MSMHI T
SM OL AG I DM I FAI E D
A molten rock ejected by volcanoes in the
of The Ash
foristhe
highest also
pointproduced when
on a volcano. magma
Every comes into
L AVA
Extremely hot liquid and semi-liquid rock
form a liquid
Is also used solidified rock
formed bycontact
volcano has
located
the awith
under water,
summit,
Earth's
cooling of nowhich causes
matter
surface.
a molten the a
what has
Earth water
L AVA
lava the F Lexplosively
OW
height
layered
flow. Main of S this
the
vent evapo
volcano
structure thatrate into steam
itself
consists
is the of the and for the
inner
channel magma
core,
through to
outerwhich shatter
core, mantle, and crust
magma
Are streams of molten rock that pour or
travels to reach the Earth's surface
ooze from an erupting vent

T HA
RS C RAT
O AT
H
C C LOEURD
O N D U I T
S E C O N DA RY
The throat of a volcano is the part of the
volcano A
where
cloudlava
Is a comes out
formed
bowl from
or from
tiny ashchannels
funnel-shaped
Are natural underground particles and that
depression
Somegases
Ma
thei n
magma
Ve
carry V
through
ash
volcano, nE
blasted
may
usually
t N
thousandsT
from
escape
lies
which
magma chamberifto
thethrough
magma
particularly
volcanic
volcano.
directly
ofthe
material
above
travels
miles,
is main
the
Wind
the side
the
from
affecting
can
of from which
vent
a
far a
ventduring
ejected
surface
becomes
This greater
is the areas
blocked
channel and
through
volcanic many
which
eruption more people than
magma
travels to reachvolcano
other the Earth's surface
hazards
SIL S UA
L AVA
SL MSMHI T
OL
M AG I DM I FAI E D
A molten rock ejected by volcanoes in the
The Ash
highest isthe
also
pointproduced
on when
a volcano. magma
Every comes into
L AVA
A volcanic sill
form of a liquid
Is also used is
fora
Extremely planar
hot sheet
liquid of
and
solidified magma
semi-liquid
rock rock
which is
formed bycontact
volcano
parallel
located
the has
to a with
the
under
cooling water,
summit, no which
surrounding
Earth's
of mattercauses
rock
surface.
a molten Earth the a
what has water
lava the explosively
height
layered
flow. of
vent evapo
thethis
volcano
Main structure thatrate into steam
itself
consists
is the of the and for the
inner
channel magma
core,
through to
outerwhichshatter
core, mantle, and crust
magma
L AVA F L O W S
travels to reach the Earth's surface
DIKES
Are streams of molten rock that pour or
ooze from an erupting vent

AreA S
C H
O
tabularCor RAT
NC DLO U
sheet-like EU
I R
T Dof magma
bodies
thatScutE C Oand
through Nacross
DAtheRY layering of
Tadjacent
H R AOcloud
ATIsnatural
rocks
Are formed from tiny ashchannels
a bowlunderground
or particles
funnel-shaped and that
depression
Somegases
the
The
magma
volcano,
throat of
VENT
blasted
aash
magma
may
usually
through
carry
from
escape
lies
which
thousands
particularly
volcanic
volcano
thethrough
directly
magma
is material
the part
chamber ofthe
ifto
volcano.
above
travels
miles,
is
ofthe main
Wind
the side
the
affecting
ejected
the surface
can
aof from which
vent
from
far a
ventduring
volcano where
greater
becomes lava comes
areas
blocked andoutmany
from more people than
volcanic eruption
other volcano hazards
E X T E R N A L
BUT WAIT! Before we head to the
external part, can you guess where
summit, slope, or base are located?
The highest point
or the apex of the
volcano
The sides or flanks of a
volcano that radiate
from the main central
vent
The lower outer
part of the volcano
 An active volcano is one that is currently
erupting or has erupted recently. These
volcanoes still have magma beneath the
Earth’s surface and can erupt at any
Active Volcano time. They may show signs like
earthquakes, gas emissions, and lava
flows. Scientists closely monitor active
volcanoes due to the potential danger to
nearby people and property
Active Volcano

Example: Mount Etna in Italy is an active volcano. It has erupted

frequently in recent years, making it one of the most studied
volcanoes in the world. Its regular eruptions and lava flows have
caused both destruction and fascination, and its activity poses a
real threat to the surrounding areas, which is why scientists
continue to monitor it closely
 It’s "awake" and can erupt soon: Active
volcanoes are still connected to magma
below the Earth's surface, which means
they can erupt at any time. Their
Active Volcano
activity can be sudden and dangerous,
so they are closely observed to predict
eruptions
 An inactive volcano (also called
dormant) hasn’t erupted for a long time
but could still erupt in the future. It’s like
Inactive a "sleeping" volcano, with magma still
Volcano beneath it. These volcanoes may stay
quiet for hundreds or thousands of
years, but they still have the potential to
become active again
Inactive
Volcano
(Dormant)
Example: Mount Fuji in Japan is an inactive volcano. It hasn’t erupted
in over 300 years, but it is considered dormant because there are still
signs of volcanic activity beneath the surface, like minor earthquakes.
Its beauty and cultural significance make it a popular tourist
destination, but scientists continue to monitor it closely in case it
erupts again
 It’s "sleeping" but can wake up and
erupt in the future: Inactive volcanoes
have not erupted recently, but they still
have magma beneath the surface.
Inactive
Though they are quiet now, there is
Volcano always a possibility they could erupt
(Dormant) again, making it important to monitor
them
 An extinct volcano has no magma
beneath it and will never erupt again.
The volcano has completely "died," with
Extinct no remaining energy to cause future
Volcano eruptions. Extinct volcanoes are often
very old and have been eroded by
natural forces over million of years
Extinct
Volcano
Example: The volcanoes on the island of Kauai in Hawaii are extinct.
These volcanoes formed millions of years ago but have long since
stopped erupting. Over time, they have been eroded by wind, rain,
and other natural processes, leaving behind lush landscapes but no
threat of future eruptions. While they may still be beautiful natural
features, they no longer pose any volcanic risk
 It’s "dead" and won’t erupt again:
Extinct volcanoes have no magma
supply left beneath them. Over time, the
magma has cooled and solidified, so
Extinct
there is no possibility of future
Volcano eruptions. They are considered
completely inactive and are safe from
volcanic activity
TRIVIA QUESTIONS TIME!
What type of volcano is
still capable of erupting
but hasn’t erupted in a
long time?
What type of volcano is An inactive or
still capable of erupting dormant
volcano
but hasn’t erupted in a
long time?
What causes an active
volcano to erupt?
 Buildup of
pressure from
What causes an active magma rising
volcano to erupt? from beneath
the Earth's
surface
Which type of volcano is
considered "dead" and
will never erupt again?
Which type of volcano is
An extinct
considered "dead" and volcano
will never erupt again?
Can a dormant volcano
still erupt in the future?
 Yes, a
dormant
Can a dormant volcano volcano can
still erupt in the future? still erupt if
enough
pressure
builds up
inside it
What is the main
difference between an
extinct and a dormant
volcano?
 A dormant
volcano may
What is the main erupt again,
difference between an while an
extinct and a dormant extinct
volcano? volcano has
no magma
and will not
erupt
 A dormant
volcano may
What is the main erupt again,
difference between an while an
extinct and a dormant extinct
volcano? volcano has
no magma
and will not
erupt
It is a bowl or funnel-shaped
depression that usually lies
directly above the vent from
which volcanic material is
 Crater

It is a bowl or funnel-shaped
depression that usually lies
directly above the vent from
which volcanic material is
it is a highest point on a volcano
 Summit

it is a highest point on a volcano

it is a molten rock ejected by
volcanoes in the form of a
liquid
 Lava

it is a molten rock ejected by

volcanoes in the form of a
liquid
A cloud formed from tiny ash
particles and gases blasted
from the volcano
 Ash Cloud

A cloud formed from tiny ash

particles and gases blasted
from the volcano
is extremely hot liquid and
semi-liquid rock located under
Earth's surface
 Magma

is extremely hot liquid and

semi-liquid rock located under
Earth's surface