FIRST
AID
MOTIVATIONAL ACTIVITY
DO YOU
HAVE
THESE
THINGS
AT
HOME?
CHALLENGE!
DRINK YOUR
WATER NOW.
Overview
DEFINITION
3P's
WHAT TO
CONSIDER
MEDICATIONS
BANDAGES
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
FIRST AID
• A first aid kit is a box, bag or pack
that holds supplies used to treat
minor injuries including cuts,
scrapes, burns, bruises, and sprains.
• More elaborate first aid kits can also
include survival supplies, life-saving
emergency supplies or convenience
items like bug sting wipes or cold &
flu medicines.
The 3 Ps of First Aid
01 The first aider’s number
one responsibility is to
02 This is all about keeping
the patient’s condition
preserve life. This means stable so it does not
assessing the emergency worsen in the time spent
scene for dangers to self, waiting for medical
as well as to bystanders professionals to arrive.
and, of course, to the This is to prevent
casualty. 03 providing
deterioration.
The first responder,
first
in
aid
treatment, would aim to
relieve pain and
encourage confidence in
the patient. These are
Emergencies to consider
when packing your first aid kit
Sprains and Strains
• A sprain is a
stretched or torn
ligament.
• A strain is a
stretched or torn
muscle or
Managing a sprain
or strain using RICER
method
Rest the patient
and the injury
Managing a sprain
or strain using RICER
method
Use an ice pack wrapped in
light cloth to reduce pain and
swelling around the injury.
Apply ice for 15-20 minutes
every 2-4 hours for up to 72
Managing a sprain
or strain using RICER
method
Apply a compression
elastic bandage firmly
to the injury that
extends well beyond
Managing a sprain
or strain using RICER
method
Keep the injured area
elevated.
Managing a sprain
or strain using RICER
method
Refer to medical
institutions and seek
medical aid.
Emergencies to consider
when packing your first aid kit
Cuts, abrasions, and puncture wounds
• A cut is a break or
opening in the skin.
• Abrasion is a minor
superficial scrape of the
skin.
• Puncture wounds are
made with sharp object,
like a nail, goes through
Wounds first aid
Control bleeding
Use a clean towel to apply light pressure to
the area until bleeding stops (this may
take a few minutes). Be aware that some
medicines (e.g. aspirin and warfarin) will
affect bleeding, and may need pressure to
be applied for a longer period of time.
Wounds first aid
Wash your hands well
Prior to cleaning or dressing the wound,
ensure your hands are washed to prevent
contamination and infection of the wound.
Wounds first aid
Rinse the wound
Gently rinse the wound with clean,
lukewarm water to cleanse and remove
any fragments of dirt, e.g. gravel, as this
will reduce the risk of infection.
Wounds first aid
Dry the wound
Gently pat dry the surrounding
skin with a clean pad or towel.
Wounds first aid
Replace any skin flaps if
possible
If there is a skin flap and it is still attached,
gently reposition the skin flap back over
the wound as much as possible using a
moist cotton bud or pad.
Wounds first aid
Cover the wound
Use a non-stick or gentle dressing and
lightly bandage in place; try to avoid using
tape on fragile skin to prevent further
trauma on dressing removal.
Wounds first aid
Seek help
Contact your GP, nurse or pharmacist as
soon as possible for further treatment and
advice to ensure the wound heals quickly.
Emergencies to consider
when packing your first aid kit
Allergic reactions
• Allergy occurs
when a person
reacts to
substances in the
environment that
are harmless to
most people.
Medication
for Allergy
Cetirizine (Zyrtec, Zyrtec Allergy)
Desloratadine (Clarinex)
Fexofenadine ( Allegra Allergy)
Loratadine (Alavert, Claritin)
Emergencies to consider
when packing your first aid kit
Allergic reactions, dehydration, and insect bites
• Dehydration
occurs when your
body loses more
fluid than you
take in.
CHALLENGE!
DRINK YOUR
WATER NOW.
Emergencies to consider
when packing your first aid kit
Allergic reactions, dehydration, and insect bites
• An insect bite or
sting often causes
a small lump to
develop, which is
usually very itchy.
First Aid for
Insect Bites
Wash the affected area with
soap and water.
Apply cold compress to
relieve itchiness.
Emergencies to consider
when packing your first aid kit
Burns
• Burns are tissue
damage that
results from heat,
overexposure to
the sun or other
radiation, or
chemical or
Source: https://www.phoenix-society.org/resources/understanding-the-healing-stages-of-a-burn-wound
FIRST-DEGREE BURN
• First-degree burns affect only the
epidermis, or outer layer of skin.
SECOND-DEGREE
BURN
• Second-degree burns involve the
epidermis and part of the dermis layer of
skin.
THIRD-DEGREE
BURN
• Third-degree burns destroy the epidermis
and dermis. Third-degree burns may also
damage the underlying bones, muscles,
and tendons.
FOURTH-DEGREE
BURN
• When bones, muscles, or tendons are
also burned, this may be referred to
as a fourth-degree burn.
HOW TO TREAT BURNS OF DIFFERENT
FIRST-DEGREE
TYPES
• Run cool water over the burn.
• Don’t apply ice.
• For sunburns, apply aloe vera gel.
• For thermal burns, apply antibiotic
cream and cover lightly with gauze.
• You can also take over-the-counter
pain medication.
HOW TO TREAT BURNS OF DIFFERENT
SECOND-DEGREE
TYPES
• Treatment for second- and first-
degree burns is similar.
• Your healthcare provider may
prescribe a stronger antibiotic cream
that contains silver, such as silver
sulfadiazine, to kill bacteria.
• Elevating the burned area can reduce
pain and swelling.
HOW TO TREAT BURNS OF DIFFERENT
THIRD-DEGREE
TYPES
• Automatically seek for medical
assistance.
• There should be an early cleaning and
debriding (removing dead skin and
tissue from the burned area)
procedure.
• Take prescribed antibiotic ointments
or creams.
Different types of ROLLAR
first aid bandages BANDAGE
• It is made from
a single
continuous
strip of
lightweight and
breathable
cotton gauze,
used for
holding
Different types of TRIANGULA
R BANDAGE
first aid bandages
• They are
designed for
constructing
slings that
Support soft
tissue injuries
and immobilize
broken bones.
Different types of TUBULAR
first aid bandages BANDAGE
• They provide
compression,
can be used to
immobilize/supp
ort knee and
elbow joints and,
in some cases,
hold a dressing
against a limb.
TOOLS
AND
EQUIPMENT
Gloves/Eye Protection
CPR Pocket Mask
Tourniquet
4x4 Gauze Pads
Medical Tapes
Sam Splint
Trauma Shears
CHALLENGE!
DRINK YOUR
WATER NOW.
