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Sampling

The document explains the concept of sampling, which involves selecting a representative subset of a population to draw conclusions about the entire group. It outlines the goals of sampling, including accuracy, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness, and describes various sampling techniques, such as probability and non-probability sampling. Additionally, it details specific methods like simple random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified random sampling, and cluster sampling, highlighting their differences and applications.

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Haji Bhutto
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45 views20 pages

Sampling

The document explains the concept of sampling, which involves selecting a representative subset of a population to draw conclusions about the entire group. It outlines the goals of sampling, including accuracy, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness, and describes various sampling techniques, such as probability and non-probability sampling. Additionally, it details specific methods like simple random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified random sampling, and cluster sampling, highlighting their differences and applications.

Uploaded by

Haji Bhutto
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Sample

• Representative subset of population.


Sampling
• Process by which researchers select representative subset or part of the
total population, that could be studied for their topic so that they will be
able to draw a conclusion about the entire population.

• Sampling is process of selecting participants from the population to


estimate the characteristics of whole population.
Goal

• The goal of sampling is to approximate the characteristics that


are relevant to the research question about a larger population.

• Offers high degree of accuracy

• Results can be obtained shortly

• Needs small portions

• Economical
Sampling techniques
1. Probability sampling

2. non-probability sampling
Probability sampling

 Probability sampling refers to the selection of a sample from a


population, when this selection is based on the principle of
randomization, that is, random selection or chance.
 Probability sampling is more complex, more time-consuming
and usually more costly than non-probability sampling.
Simple random sampling

1. Each individual is chosen randomly

2. All individuals have same probability to be selected in sample.

3. It is simplest way to get random sample.


Systematic sampling

• Systematic sampling is a probability sampling method where


researchers select members of the population at a regular
interval.

• for example:

• by selecting every 15th person on a list of the population. If the


population is in a random order, this can imitate the benefits of
simple random sampling.
Stratified random sampling

• Stratified random sampling is the process of creating subgroups


in a dataset according to various factors, such as age, gender,
income level, or education.
Cluster sampling

• In cluster sampling, researchers divide a population into smaller


groups known as clusters.

• They then randomly select among these clusters to form a


sample. Cluster sampling is a method of probability sampling
that is often used to study large populations, particularly those
that are widely geographically dispersed.
Stratified sampling vs. cluster sampling

Stratified sampling Cluster sampling


1. Groups are homogenous • Groups are heterogeneous
internally. internally.
2. Groups are heterogeneous • Groups are homogenous
mutually. mutually.
3. Strata are manually formed • Clusters are formed using pre-
based on common existing groups.
characteristics. • Clusters are selected as sample
4. Sample is taken from strata using simple random sampling.
using simple random
sampling.

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