Awareness of statistics promotes better evaluation of welfare programs

India A Welfare State

The state protects and promotes the economic welfare of its citizens Creates a "social safety net" of minimum standards of varying forms of welfare to reduce POVERTY

Welfare schemes run in India

What we are trying to evaluate

Whether there are any regional disparities in the implementations of various welfare schemes

Why is this important ?

Unequal Growth in India

Why is this important?

Provide statistical information so that policy makers can take appropriate steps to alleviate regional imbalances

Data set for the evaluation

Govt. of Indias TWENTY POINT PROGRAMME-2006 for the following schemes for 2009-2010 Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (employment generation) Targeted Public Distribution System (food security) Indira Awas Yojana (rural housing)

Method of Evaluation
Divide States into 4 groups North (Haryana, HP, J&K, MP, Punjab, Rajasthan, UK, UP, South (AP, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu) East (AP, Assam, Bihar Jharkhand, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Orissa, Tripura, WB) West (Chattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Maharashtra)

NREGS
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme Promises to provide 100 days of work per family per year Administered by the Union Ministry of Rural Development

Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS)

Parameters that will be measured Person-days of work generated per year

NREGS Evaluation (Total Expenditure)

Region Wise Distribution of NREGS Expenditure (Total Expenditure is approx Rs 27,000 crores in 2009-2010)

17%

36%
North South 17% East West

30%

NREGS Evaluation (Average Persondays of work per year)

Average Person-days work per year (Zone wise)
National Average

West

Zone

East Person-days work per year

South

North

10

20

30 Person-days work per year

40

50

60

NREGS Evaluations (Zone wise standard deviation in person-days of work per year )
Standard Deviation in Person-days per year
National

West

Zone

East Person-days per year

South

North

10

15 Person-days per year

20

25

30

NREGS Evaluation (Conclusions)

Average Number of person-days of work generated is lowest in South India North Zone has the least standard deviation in payment within the zone West Zone has the highest person-days of work generated per worker and also the maximum standard deviation NREGS program is better administered in North as it equals the national average in number of person-days of work generated with the least standard deviation

Targeted Public Distribution System

Welfare Scheme to provide subsidized foodgrain to people who are 1. Below Poverty Line (BPL) 2. Above Poverty Line (APL) 3. Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) Administered by the Union Ministry of Civil Supplies and Public Distribution

Targeted Public Distribution System

Parameters that will be measured Allocation of Food Grains to States on a Zone Wise Basis Of the allocated amount what percentage of food grains were offloaded by the states

Targeted Public Distribution System

Nationwide Mean and Standard Deviation of the allocated quantity of food grain per million of population is Mean : 45000 tonnes/million Standard Deviation : 2500 tonnes/million There are no zone wise disparities in the mean and standard deviation of the allocated quantity of food grain per million of population.

Evaluation of Targeted PDS

Average Percentage offtake of allocated foodgrain (zone wise)
National

West

Zone

East

South

North

75%

80%

85% Percentage

90%

95%

100%

Evaluation of Targeted PDS

Standard Deviation in Percentage Offtake of Foodgrain (zone wise)
National

West

Zone

East

South

North

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10% Percentage

12%

14%

16%

18%

Evaluation of Targeted PDS

Eastern and Southern Regions have the highest average percentage offtake of foodgrains in the country They also have the lowest standard deviation of percentage offtake In contrast North and West zones not only have low average percentage offtake, they also have wide variances within the region Conclusion is that the targeted PDS works better in East and South

Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY)

Welfare scheme to build houses for economically weaker sections of society Administered by the Union Ministry of Rural Development

Indira Awas Yojana

Parameters that will be measured Number of houses proposed to be constructed per million of population in a year Of the number of houses proposed to be constructed what percentage was completed

Evaluation of Indira Awas Yojana

Targetted and Actual Number of Houses built per million
National

West

Zone

East

Achieved Average Targetted Average

South

North

0.00

1000.00

2000.00

3000.00

4000.00

5000.00

6000.00

7000.00

8000.00

9000.00

In Thousands

Evaluation of Indira Awas Yojana

East Zone targeted to build the largest number of houses per million people. It however could not achieve that goal. However on an average it built more houses per million people than any other zone. Best implementation was in South Zone where 99% of the target was achieved. South Zones targets were also higher than West Zones.

Results of our study

National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme Best performing : North Zone

Results of our study

Targeted Public Distribution System : Best performing : South and East Zone

Results of our study

Indira Awas Yojana Best performing : South Zone

Thank You