WHOSE
WHOM
WHERE
WHEN
DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
Ifthe noun we are going to
define is possessive in the
defining sentence,
«whose» can be used for
both people and objects.
It is used instead of possessive
adjectives such as my, her, our, …..
Romeo and Juliet were two lovers.
Their parents hated each other.
= Romeo and Juliet, whose parents
hated each other, were two lovers.
The chair must be thrown away. Its legs are
broken.
= The chair whose legs are broken
must be thrown away.
Annesi banakada çalısan kız tatil için
para biriktiriyor.
= The girl whose mother Works in
a bank is saving money for her holiday.
Lastigi patlak olan otobüs bu istasyonda
2 saat bekleyecek.
= The bus whose tyre is flat will
wait at this station for 2 hours.
Him, them, us, ….. gibi nesne
durumundaki sahıs zamirlerinin yerine
kullanılır.
The man was Mr. Jones. I met him
yesterday.
= The man whom (who) (that) I met
yesterday was Mr. Jones.
My sister whom (who) (that) you’ve
met once, will come to visit me tomorrow.
The woman whom (who) (that) I told
you about is over there.
*** Yukarıdaki 3 örnek cümlede de relative
pronoun’lar, ardlarından isim geldigi için
atılabilir.
Tanımladığımız isim, tanımlayan cümlede yer
bildiriyorsa, relative kelimesi olarak “where”
kullanırız.
I like the hotel. We stayed there last summer.
I like the hotel where we stayed last summer.
I know the hospital. He works in the
hospital.
I know the hospital where he works.
A cinema is a place. We can see films there.
A cinema is a place where we can see films.
He liked the seaside resort. We spent our
holiday there.
He liked the seaside resort where we spent our
holiday.
The city is full of tourists. He lives there now.
The city where he lives now is full of tourists.
EĞER NİTELEDİĞİMİZ İSİM CÜMLEDE ÖZNE
VEYA NESNE KONUMUNDA OLUP DA “YER”
(in the garden, at school..” BİLDİRMİYORSA
“WHERE” KULLANILMAZ.
Bir ismi tanımlarken where
kullanılmaz. When ve where yalnızca
yer ve zaman(ör: at the cinema, in the
room, gibi) belirtirken kullanılır.
My father likes the house . It has a
big garden. (tanımlama cümlesi)
My father likes the house which
/that has a big garden.
My father likes the house. He was
born in that house .
(yer bildiriyor)
My father likes the house where he
was born.
Tanımladığımız isim, tanımlayan cümlede
“the year, that day, on that day, in that
year, on that hour” gibi zaman bildiriyorsa,
relative kelimesi olarak “”WHEN” kullanılır.
1453 is the year. Fatih conquered İstanbul
in that year.
1453 is the year when Fatih conquered
İstanbul
I will never forget the day . I met
her on that day.
I will never forget the day when I
met her .
Bir ismi tanımlarken when
kullanılmaz.When yalnızca ZAMAN (on
Tuesday, in the year gibi) belirtirken
kullanılır.
1989 is the year. I met her in that year.
(zaman bildiriyor)
1989 is the year when I met her.
1989 is the year . I can’t forget it .
(tanımlama cümlesi)
1989 is the year which / that I can’t
forget.
Önceden tanımlanan veya bilinen
isimleri tanımlarken eğer Relative
Clause yapısı kullanırsak virgül
kullanılması gerekir.Bu tür yapılara
Non-Defining Relative Clause yapısı
denir
İstanbul, where I live , is wonderful.
(İstanbul zaten bilinen bir isim. Yani
where I live tümcesi çıkarıldığında
anlamda bozulma olmaz)
The city where I live is wonderful.
(the city ama hangi city? Bunu
belirtmek için kullandığımız relative
clause yapısı çok önemli. Yani
where
I live tümcesi çıkarıldığında anlamda
bozulma olur.)
The woman who lives next door is a
nurse. (defining) (gerekli bilgi)
Mrs.Brown, who lives next door, is
a nurse. (non-definig) (ekstra bilgi)
A person who lives in İstanbul may
have a lot of problems.
My brother Yılmaz, who lives in
İstanbul, is a computer technican.
Tanımlanmış isimler
A father who is very strict with his
children is not approved much.
My father , who works in
Kazakhistan, is not a strict person.
We stayed at a hotel which a friend
of mine recommended us.
We stayed at that hotel, which a
friend of mine recommended us.
The cell phone which is on the sofa
belongs to me.
The red cell phone, which is on the
sofa, belongs to me
My sister, who is 25, will get
married next week.
My friend Mehmet, whose son you
have met, is an English teacher.
Mr. James, whom I have been
working with for 10 years, is a very
intelligent man.
Ankara, where millions of people
live, has many problems to settle.
A city where millions of people live
may probably have many problems.
I need a friend whom I can always
trust.
I need my friend Ali, whom I can
always trust.
Relative Clause, “of” içeren miktar
ifadeleri içerebilir: some of, many of,
most of, none of, two of, half of, both
of, neither of, each of, several of, a
few of, little of, a number of…gibi.
Bu ifadeler kullanıldığında sadece
“whom, which, whose” kullanabilir.
Her zaman virgül kullanılır.
In my English class there are 10
students . Most of them are from
İzmir.
In my English class there are 10
students, most of whom are from
İstanbul.
I bought five books. Two of them
are about music.
I bought five books, two of which
are about music .
They talked about Mary . One of her
problems was coming to class late.
They talked about Mary, one of
whose problems was coming to class
late.
She received two job offers, neither
of which she accepted.
I have three sisters, all of whom are
living in İstanbul.
Shakespeare is one of the writers,
most of whose works are still very
popular nowadays.
She tried five pairs of shoes, none of
which she liked.
The new school has 500 hundred
students, many of whom are boys.
Last night we watched a romantic
movie, one of whose scenes I will
never forget.
