WELCOMING YOU TO

04 WEEKS OF VOCATIONAL TRAINING PROGRAMME 30TH JUNE, 2011

CDMA CONCEPTS & CDMA vs GSM & PREPAID, POSTPAID, VAS

Presented by :

VIPIN KUMAR MAURYA

DY. GENERAL MANAGER (TELECOM) BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED ASANSOL TELECOM DISTRICT WEST BENGAL

AGENDA :
BASIC CONCEPTS OF CDMA
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF CDMA BRIEF COMPARISON OF GSM & CDMA POST-PAID SERVICES PRE-PAID SERVICES DIFFERENT TYPES OF VAS SERVICES

BASIC CONCEPTS OF CDMA

CDMA CODE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS
This technology incorporates sending signals over multiple radio frequencies using random patterns . Earlier the technique was called frequency-hopping, and later as frequency-hopping spread-spectrum technology (FHSS). CDMA, incorporating spread-spectrum, works by digitizing multiple conversations, attaching a code known only to the sender and receiver, and then converting the signals into bits and reassembling them. Qualcomm, which patented CDMA, and other telecommunications companies, were attracted to the technology because it enabled many simultaneous conversations, rather than the limited stop-and-go transmissions of analog and the previous digital option.

BASIC CONCEPTS OF CDMA .. Contd.

Each user in a CDMA system uses a different code to modulate their signal. Choosing the codes used to modulate the signal is very important in the performance of CDMA systems. The best performance will occur when there is good separation between the signal of a desired user and the signals of other users.
The separation of the signals is made by correlating the received signal with the locally generated code of the desired user. If the signal matches the desired user's code, then the correlation function will be high and the system can extract that signal. If the desired user's code has nothing in common with the signal, the correlation should be as close to zero as possible. This is referred to as cross correlation. If the code is correlated with the signal at any time offset other than zero, the correlation should be as close to zero as possible. This is referred to as auto-correlation and is used to reject multi-path interference. In general, CDMA belongs to two basic categories: Synchronous (orthogonal codes) and Asynchronous (pseudorandom codes).

CDMA OVERVIEW

Common Components Encoding, Modulation, Spreading

Common Features/Functionality
Power Control, Diversity, Soft Handoff System Particulars CDMA One (IS-95) CDMA 2000

CDMA OVERVIEW .. Contd.

GENERIC CDMA COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

INPUT DATA

FEC ENCODER

INTERLEAVER

MODULATOR

SPREADER

CHANNEL

OUTPUT DATA FEC DECODER

DEINTERLEAVER

DEMODULATOR

DESPREADER

GENERIC CDMA COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Contd.

FEC FORWARD ERROR CORRECTION : - Standard component of most digital communications systems - Especially important in fading and interference channels - FEC encoder adds coded redundancy to the information data stream - Decoder uses redundancy to correct errors caused by channel impairments - Benefits of using FEC : Ability to operate at a lower bit error rate (BER), for a given signal-to-noiseand-interference ratio (SNIR) Ability to operate at a lower SNIR for a given BER (coding gain) Ability to tolerate more users in a multiuser system

GENERIC CDMA COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Contd.

INTERLEAVING & DEINTERLEAVING : - Temporary decrease in received energy due to fading. It can be alleviated by interleaving coded symbols at the transmitter and de-interleaving them at the receiver. Coded symbols (bits) are written to the interleaver row-wise and read out to the channel column-wise. De-interleaver performs reverse operation at receiver. MODULATION : COHERENT Schemes - Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) - Quaternary Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) - 8-PSK - 16-QAM Non-COHERENT Schemes - Orthogonal signals (Walsh functions) - Differential PSK

GENERIC CDMA COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Contd.

SPREADING / DESPREADING :
- Each signal (user) is spread with a different spreading sequence (distributes signal power over wider bandwidth).

- Different spreading sequences have low cross-correlation.

- De-spreading recovers desired signal while leaving other signals at lower power.

RELATIONSHIP CODES USED IN CDMA

CHANNELS IN CDMA :
The forward channel (from base station to mobile) is made up of the following channels :
- Pilot channel (always uses Walsh code W0) (Beacon Signals) - Paging channel (use Walsh codes W1-W7) - Sync channel (always uses Walsh code W32) - Traffic channels (use Walsh codes W8-W31 and W33-W63) The reverse channel (from mobile to base station) is made up of the following channels : - Access channel - Traffic channel

TYPES OF CHANNELS

ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF CDMA

Advantages of CDMA include:

- Increased cellular communications security. - Simultaneous conversations. - Increased efficiency, meaning that the carrier can serve more subscribers. - Smaller phones. - Low power requirements and little cell-to-cell coordination needed by operators. - Extended reach - beneficial to rural users situated far from cells.
Disadvantages of CDMA include:

- Due to its proprietary nature, all of CDMA's flaws are not known to the engineering community. - CDMA is relatively new, and the network is not as mature as GSM. - CDMA cannot offer international roaming, a large GSM advantage.

CDMA versus GSM

Coverage Data Transfer Speed

SIM & R-UIM

Roaming Technology

POST-PAID / PRE-PAID SERVICE

Post Paid :
- A model of cellular service whereby the customer is charged for usage in the prior month (hence 'post' usage), and hence does not feature any limitations on volume of service used. In contrast the Prepaid model asks customers to add a certain amount to their accounts prior to usage and their maximum usage is limited to the amount that is added to the account. Postpaid compared to Prepaid : - Prepaid is activated by purchasing credit load WHEREAS in Postpaid you can continue use without the restriction and/or limitation based on the available credit.

TYPES OF VAS SERVICES IN GSM & CDMA

GPRS MMS SMS VMS MCA - CUG - FAX - EVDO

MPTY

DATA SERVICES IN CDMA & GSM

CDMA2000 1x :

- CDMA2000 1x, delivers raw data rates of up to 153 Kbps - CDMA2000 1xEV, which includes a data-only network as well as a data and voice network, delivers raw data rates of 2 Mbps and 5 Mbps, respectively.

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GSM :
GPRS : GENERAL PACKET RADIO SWICHING Supports up to 115 kbps data transfer rates

EDGE : Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution Supports up to 384 kbps data transfer rates
GSM 3G : Can support upto 7 Mbps data transfer rates using HSDPA.

ANY ????? PLEASE

THANK YOU !!!

HAVE A NICE DAY