Faculty of Engineering

B.Tech. - Mechanical Engineering

BEME504 Question bank for O se!ester "0##
$%& '()%M*+& %)' ,ET -.O-/0&*O)
/)*T-*
-%.T % " Marks
1) State the difference between compressible fluid and incompressible fluid.
2) Explain Mach cone and Mach angle.
3) Define Mach Number
) Differentiate !aminar flow and turbulent flow"
#) Define stagnation $elocit% of sound
&) Define $elocit% of sound
') ( plane tra$els at a speed of 2)) *m+h in an atmosphere of #, -. .ind the mach angle.
/) Define 0one of action and 0one of silence
1) Define stagnation state
1)) Define critical $elocit% of sound.
-%.T B #1 Marks
1) a) 2ro$e that for 3sentropic flow
c
2
+ 2 4 a
2
+ 561 7 8 541 + 561 9 a
:2
+ 2 ;/)
b) Show that ;/)
8 c+a
)
9
2
7 M
2

<<<<<<<<<<<<<
1 4 5 61 + 2 M
2
2) Show that
a) a
2
+ 561 4 = c
2
7 = c
max
2
7 a
)
2
+ 561 7 h
)
;/)
b) p
)
> p + = c
2
7 1 4 1+ M
2
4 1+) M

4 ? ;/)
3) @he air mo$ing at a $elocit% of 1#) m+s. @he static conditions are 1)) Apa and 2#B-.
-alculate the Mach number and stagnation properties $erif% the $alues with table $alues.
) (n aircraft flies at a $elocit% of ')) Amph in an atmosphere where the pressure is
'#Apa and temperature is #B-. -alculate the Mach number and stagnation properties.
#) ( stream of air flows with a $elocit% of 2#) m+s in a duct of 1) cm diameter. 3ts
temperature and pressure at that point are #B- and ) Apa. Chat will be its stagnation
pressure and temperature" Chat is the mass flow rate"
&) @he pressureD temperature and Mach number at the entr% of a flow passage are 2.# barD
2&.#B- and 1. respecti$el%. 3f the exit Mach number is 2.#D determine the following for
adiabatic flow of a perfect gas ; 5 7 1.3D E 7 ).&1 *F+*g A)
1. Stagnation temperature
2. @emperature and $elocit% of gas at exit
3. @he flow rate per sGuare metre of the inlet cross section.
') (ir ; 5 7 1.D E 7 2/' F+*g A) enters a straight axis s%mmetric duct at 3)) AD 3.# bar
and 1#) m+s and lea$es it at 2'' AD 2.)#/ bar and 2&) m+s. @he area of cross section at
entr% is #)) cm
2
. (ssuming adiabatic flow determine.
1. Stagnation temperature
2. Maximum $elocit%
3. Mass flow rate
. (rea of cross section at exit
/) (ir at stagnation condition has a temperature of /)) A. Determine the stagnation
$elocit% of sound and the maximum possible fluid $elocit%. Chat is the $elocit% of
sound when the flow $elocit% is at half the maximum $elocit%"
1) @he Het of gas at #13 A ;5 7 1.3D E 7 &1 F+*gA) has a Mach number of 1.2. Determine
for local and stagnation conditions of $elocit% of sound and enthalp%. Chat is the
maximum attainable $elocit% of this Het.
1)) (ir ;c
p
7 1.)# AF+AgAD 5 7 1.3/) at p
1
7 3 x 1)
#
N+m
2
and @
1
7 #)) A flows with a
$elocit% of 2)) m+s in a 3) cm diameter duct a$ailable. -alculate ;1) mass flow rate
;ii)stagnation temperature ;iii) Mach number ;i$) stagnation pressure $alues assuming
the flow is compressible and incompressible respecti$el%.
/)*T-**
-%.T % " Marks
1) Differentiate no00le and diffuser
2) Chat are the t%pes of no00le"
3) Chat are the t%pes of diffuser"
) Differentiate between adiabatic flow and diabatic flow
#) State the expression for d( + ( as a function of Mach number
&) Ii$e the expression for ( + (: in terms of Mach number
') Chat is choc*ed flow through a no00le"
/) Chat t%pe of no00le used for sonic flow and supersonic flow
1) Chen does the maximum mass flow occur for an isentropic flow with $ariable area"
1)) .or 3sentropic flow write the expression for the densit% ratio between two section in
terms of mach number
-%.T B #1 Marks
1) Deri$e the expression for the area $ariation in terms of Mach number and $elocit%
$ariation in terms of Mach number.
2) Deri$e d( + ( 7 dp +Jc
2
;16M
2
)
3) (ir is discharged from a recei$er at p
)
7 &.11 bar and @
)
7 32#,- through a no00le to an
exit pressure of ).1/ bar. 3f the flow rate is 3&)) *g+h. Determine for isentropic flow.
1) (reaD pressure and $elocit% at throat.
2) (rea and Mach number at exit
3) Maximum possible $elocit%
) (n air no00le is to be designed for an exit mach number of 3.#. @he stagnation
conditions for the isentropic flow are /)) Apa and 2),-.Estimate pressureD
temperatureD $elocit% and area at throat and exit for a mass flow rate of 3.# *g+s.
#) ( supersonic diffuserD diffuses air in an isentropic flow from a Mach number of 3 to a
Mach number of 1.#. @he static conditions of air at inlet are ') *2a and 6',-. 3f the
mass flow rate of air is 12# *g+sD determine.
1. Stagnation conditions
2. (rea at throat and exit
3. Static conditions of air at exit.
&) @he pressureD $elocit% and temperature of air ;5 7 1.D c
p
7 1 *F+*g A) at the entr% of a
no00le are 2 barD 1# m+s and 33) A. @he exit pressure is 1.# bar. .ind
;a) Chat is the shape of the no00le"
;b) Determine for isentropic flow
;i) @he Mach number at entr% and exit
;ii) @he flow rate and maximum possible flow rate.
') ( conical air diffuser has an inlet diameter of ) cm and an exit diameter of /)cm. (ir
enters the diffuser with a static pressure of 2)) *2aD static temperature of 3',- and
$elocit% of 2&# m+s. -alculate.
;i) Mass flow rate
;ii) 2roperties at exit
/) ( certain Guantit% of air at a pressure 3.3 bar and temperature &2',- is flowing
through a -6D no00le. @he exit pressure is 1.)# bar. Determine the temperatureD
$elocit% and densit% of air at exit. (lso determine the pressureD temperatureD densit% and
$elocit% of air at exit if the di$ergent portion is to act as diffuser. (ssume isentropic
flow in both cases.
1) ( conical air diffuser has an inlet area of ).11 m
2
and an exit area of ). m
2
. (ir enters
the diffuser with a static pressure of ).1/ MpaD static temperature of 3',- and $elocit% of
2&' m+s. -alculate
;i) the mass flow rate of air through the diffuser
;ii) the mach numberD static temperature and static pressure of the air lea$ing diffuser
and
;iii) the net thrust acting upon the diffuser due to diffusion.
/)*T-***
-%.T % " Marks
1) Chat are the assumptions made for Ea%leigh flow"
2) Ii$e the two practical examples for Ea%leigh flow
3) Crite down the expression for the pressure ratio of two sections interms of Mach
number in Ea%leigh flow
) Chat is the $alue of Mach number of air at the maximum point in Ea%leigh heating
process
#) Define 3sothermal flow with friction.
&) Chat are the assumptions made for .anno flow"
') Differentiate .anno flow and Ea%leigh flow.
/) Crite down the ratio of $elocities between an% two sections in terms of their Mach
numbers in a fanno flow
1) Chat are the three eGuations go$erning .anno process"
1)) Ii$e two practical examples where the fanno flow occurs.
-%.T B #1 Marks
1) (ir is heated in constant area duct from a Mach number of ).2 to )./. @he inlet
stagnation conditions are 2 bar and 13B-. Determine the stagnation conditions of air at
exitD the amount of heat transferred per unit flow and change in entrop%.
2) ( combustion chamber in a gas turbine plant recei$es air at 3#) AD ).## bar and '# m+s.
@he air fuel ratio is 21 and the calorific $alue of the fuel is 1./' MF+*g. @a*ing 5 7 1.D
E 7 ).2/' *F+*g A for the gasD determine
a) 3nitial and final Mach number
b) .inal pressureD temperature and $elocit% of the gas
c) Stagnation pressure loss in the combustion chamber
d) @he maximum stagnation temperature attainable.
3) ( gas at pressure of ).&1 bar and temperature of 2'/ A enters a combustion chamber at a
$elocit% of &) m+s. @he heat supplied in the combustion chamber is 1)#.& *F+*g.
Determine the Mach numberD pressureD temperature and $elocit% of the gas at the exit.
@a*e 5 7 1.D c
p
7 1.)) *F+*g A
) @he Mach number at inlet and exit for a Ea%leigh flow are M
1
7 3 and M
2
7 1.#. (t inlet
static pressure of air is #) *2a and stagnation temperature is 21# A. .ind
a) (ll properties at exit
b) Stagnation pressure
c) Keat transferred
d) Maximum possible heat transfer
e) -hange in entrop% between section 1 and 2.
#) (ir enters a pipe of 2# mm diameterD at a Mach number of 2. stagnation temperature of
3)) A and static pressure of ).# bar. 3f the co6efficient of friction is ).))3D determine the
following for a section at which the Mach number reaches 1.2
1) Static pressure and temperature
2) Stagnation pressure and temperature
3) Lelocit% of air
) Distance of this section from the inlet
#) Mass flow rate.
&) (ir at 12) AN+m
2
and ),- flows through a 2)) mm diameter pipe adiabaticall%. 3f the
upstream Mach number is 2.#D determine the maximum length of pipe and the properties
of air at exit. (lso estimate the length of the pipe if the exit Mach number is 1./. @a*e
f7 ).)1.
') (ir is flowing into an insulated duct with a $elocit% of 1#) m+s. @he temperature and
pressure at the inlet are 2/),- and 2/ bar respecti$el%. .ind the temperature at a section
in the duct where the pressure is 1#.' bar. 3f the duct diameter is 1#cm and friction factor
is ).))#D find the distance between the two sections.
/) ( circular duct passes /.2# *g+s of air at an exit Mach number of ).#. @he entr% pressure
and temperature are 3.# bar and 3/,- respecti$el% and co6efficient of friction is ).))#. 3f
the Mach number at entr% is ).1#D determine.
1) Diameter of the duct
2) !ength of the duct
3) 2ressure and temperature at the exit
) Stagnation pressure loss.
1) @he friction factor for a #) mm diameter steel pipe is ).))#. (t the inlet to the pipe the
$elocit% is ') m+sD temperature is /),- and the pressure is 1) bar. .ind the temperatureD
pressure and Mach number at exit if the pipe is 2# m long. (lso determine the maximum
possible length.
1)) (ir enters a constant area duct with a Mach number of ).. @he length of the duct is 2&)
cm and the diameter is / cm. @he friction co6efficient is ).))/. @he inlet stagnation
conditions are 3.# bar and 3',-. Determine the stagnation pressure lossD change in
temperature and change in entrop%.
/)*T-*2
-%.T % " Marks
1) Chat is obliGue shoc*"
2) Define strength of shoc* wa$e
3) Chat are applications of mo$ing shoc* wa$e"
) Crite the eGuation for efficienc% of a diffuser
#) Shoc* wa$es cannot de$elop in subsonic flow" Ch%"
&) State the necessar% conditions for a normal shoc* to occur in compressi$e flow.
') 3s the flow through a normal shoc* an eGuilibrium one"
/) Ii$e the difference between Normal and MbliGue shoc*s.
1) Chat are properties changes across a normal shoc*"
1)) -alculate the strength of shoc* wa$e when normal shoc* appears at M 7 2
-%.T B #1 Marks
1) @he stagnation pressure and temperature of air at the entr% of a no00le are # bar and
#)A respecti$el%. @he exit Mach number is 2.1 where a normal shoc* occurs.
-alculate the following Guantities before and after the shoc*.
i) Static temperatures
ii) Stagnation temperatures
iii) Static pressures
i$) Stagnation pressures
$) Stagnation pressure loss
$i) 3ncrease in entrop%
2) ( Fet of air entering the subsonic diffuser at p
)
7 1 barD and @ 7 2/) A. @he entr% Mach
number is 2 and the ratio of the exit to entr% area of the diffuser is . 3f there is a normal
shoc* wa$e Hust outside the diffuser entr%D determine the following for exit.
i) Mach number
ii) @emperature
iii) 2ressure
i$) Stagnation pressure loss.
3) (ir flows adiabaticall% in a pipe. ( normal shoc* wa$e is formed. @he pressure and
temperature of air before the shoc* are 1#) *N+m
2
and 2#,- respecti$el%. @he pressure
Hust after the normal shoc* is 3#) *N+m
2
. -alculate.
i) Mach number before the shoc*
ii) Mach numberD static temperature and $elocit% of air after the shoc* wa$e.
iii) 3ncrease in densit% of air
i$) !oss of stagnation pressure of air
$) -hange in entrop%
) ( con$ergent di$ergent no00le is designed to expand air from a reser$oir in which the
pressure is /)) A2a and temperature is ),- to gi$e a Mach number at exit of 2.#. @he
throat area is 2# cm
2
. .ind
i) Mass flow rate
ii) Exit area
iii) Chen a normal shoc* appears at a section where the area is ) cm
2
determine the
pressure and temperature at exit.
#) Starting from the energ% eGuation for flow through a normal shoc* obtain the following
relation. ;2randtl% > Me%er relation)
i) c
x
x c
%
7 a:2
ii) M
x
: x M
%
: 71
&) Deri$e Ean*ine > Kugoniot eGuation
') ( con$ergent6di$ergent air no00le has an exit to throat area ratio of 3. ( normal shoc*
appears at the di$ergent section where the existing area ratio is 2.2. .ind the mach
number before and after the shoc*. 3f the inlet stagnation properties are #)) *2a
and #) AD find the properties of air at exit and entrop% increase across the shoc*.
/) ( con$ergent6di$ergent no00le has an exit area to throat area ratio of 2.#. @he stagnation
properties of air at inlet are ' bar and /' ,-. @he throat area is &.# cm
2
. Determine the
Mach numberD static pressureD static temperature and stagnation pressure at exitD when a
plane normal shoc* stands at a point where a Mach number is 2. (ssume isentropic flow
before and after the shoc*.
/)*T-2
-%.T % " Marks
1) Chat is @hrust Specific .uel -onsumption ;@S.-)"
2) Define propulsi$e efficienc%
3) Chat are the main parts of EamHet engine"
) Chat is ram effect"
#) .ind optimum propulsi$e efficienc% when the Het $elocit% is #)) m+s and flight $elocit%
is 1)) m+s
&) Chat is the t%pe of compressor used in turboHet" Ch%"
') Chat is thrust augmentation"
/) Chat is the basic difference between roc*et propulsion and Het propulsion.
1) Chat is bipropellant"
1)) Define specific propellant consumption
-%.T B #1 Marks
1) @he flight speed of a turboHet is /)) *m+h at 1)D))) m altitude. @he densit% of air at that
altitude is ).1' *g+m
3
. @he drag for the plane is &./ *N. @he propulsi$e efficienc% of the Het
is &)N. -alculate the S.-D (ir6fuel ratioD Fet $elocit%. (ssume the calorific $alue of fuel is
#))) *F + *g and o$erall efficienc% of the turboHet plane is 1/N
2) Cith neat s*etches the principle of operation of O
;i) @urbo fan engine and ;/)
;ii) Eam Het engine ;/)
3) ;i) -ompare the constructional features and operating performance of turbofan and turboHet
engines. ;&)
;ii) Deri$e the expressions for the thrust ;propulsi$e) powerD propulsi$e efficienc%D thermal
efficienc%D o$erall efficienc% and the optimum $alue of flight to Het speed ratio for a turbo Het
engine. ;1))
) ;i) Discuss about theor% of Het propulsion. ;/)
;ii) Chat are the properties of good liGuid propellants" ;/)
#) ;i) Deri$e expressions for specific thrustD thermal efficienc% and propulsi$e efficienc% of Fet
plane. ;/)
;ii) Cith a neat s*etch explain the construction and wor*ing of a @urboHet engine. ;/)

&) ;i) -ompare solid and liGuid propellant s%stems. ;/)
;ii) Cith neat s*etches explain the constructional features and wor*ing of a @urboprop
engine. ;/)
') ;i) Deri$e expressions for thrust and specific impulse and propulsi$e efficienc% of a roc*et
motor ;&)
;ii) -alculate the thrust specific impulseD propulsi$e efficienc%D thermal and o$erall
efficiencies of a roc*et engine from the following data.
Effecti$e Het $elocit% 7 12#) m+sD flight to Het speed ratio 7 )./D oxidi0er flow rate 7 3.# *g+sD
fuel flow rate 7 1 *g+s. Keat of reaction of exhaust gases 7 2#)) *F+*g ;1))
/) Discuss in detail the $arious propellants used in solid fuel roc*ets and liGuid fuel roc*ets.
(lso s*etch the propellant feed6s%stem for a liGuid propellant roc*et motor.
1) ;i) Explain the construction and operation of a solid propellant roc*et engine. (lso name an%
four solid propellants. ;/)
;ii) Cith the help of neat s*etches explain an% two arrangements used for fuel feeding in
liGuid propellant roc*et s%stems. ;/)