Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ENTREPRENEURIAL
DEVELOPMENT
.
Introduction
• Both men and women constitute the main strength of economic
development of a nation as a workforce.
• Women constitute almost half of the total population in the world. But
their representation in gainful employment is comparatively low.
• Women have confined their activities to selected professions such as
education, nursing, medicine, and office work. Very few women enter
professions like industry, engineering, trade, etc
• The rural enterprises generally start a low cost. they make full use of
family labor and invest low capital invest low capital in production .
• Enterprises started by rural women are no longer confined to conventional
fields like embroidery, weaving, knitting and tailoring, 3 pcs-pickle,
powder and papad but women are venturing now in modern technological
non conventional fields like direct marketing, manufacturing, food
processing, handicrafts etc.
Characteristics
• The initial lack of confidence in their own ability.
• Society’s lack of confidence in women’s ability.
• Psychological dependency of the entrepreneurial women on their family
members in decision making.
• Their interest in routine matters rather than innovative/ challenges in newer
pastures.
• Lack of communication skills.
• Inability to distinguish entrepreneurial functions like management, production,
and speculation.
• Legal right over land and property , does not go in the favor of rural women to
setting for entrepreneurial ventures.
• Lack of training organizations for women.
• Absence of risk oriented behavior as they are more fearful and conservative in
nature as compared to men.
Need
• Women has been an equal economic partner to man,
beside her biological and social roles right through
history.
• It is said that it was the women who discovered the
possibility of domesticating plants for food. Since
then, through agricultural and industrial revolutions,
she has been an economic partner in the human
family.
• She started the enterprise of food cultivation and later
adopted bettering the food articles for necessities of
life.
Areas of Entrepreneur Development
For Potential Women Entrepreneurs
•
•
Garments & Textile Items
Cosmetics and Beauty Parlors
• P’s ( Pickles, Powder [ Spices] and Papad )
• Interior Decoration
• Engineering Goods
• Consultancy Services
• Handicrafts
• Nursery & Crèches
• Education and Training
• Medicare ( Medical and Paramedical )
• Agro – Products
• Livestock
• Apiculture
• Sericulture
• Fish farming
• Miscellaneous
Garment
• The area of garments has traditionally been
considered as apt for women entrepreneurs.
• Over the past few years this area has seen
phenomenal growth in view of the greater fashion
consciousness amongst all starts of society.
• Specialized institutions in the areas of fashion
technology have been set-up.
• Freedom to take economic and financial decisions
coupled with increasing purchasing power and a
strong desire to be better dressed up have
contributed significantly towards the growth of
this area.
• Export of garments is another area which has a
huge potential for growth especially the untapped
market
Cosmetics and Beauty Parlours
• It considered as the most promising business area for potential
women entrepreneurs to venture into. This area of beauty
therapy which also includes slimming business ( health care
services/health clubs) is gaining importance day by day.
• The growing awareness of modern women towards beauty
culture and personal grooming has been responsible for the
growth of this area.
• Self – awareness and the desire to look better are the main
reasons for visiting a beauty parlour much helps in improving
the overall personality and confidence of a client due to overall
personality and confidence of a client due to effective
permanent and accessible beauty techniques.
• The advanced technology and latest equipments being made
use of in the present day beauty parlours enhances their
credibility in the eyes of customers.
Interior Decoration
• With the purchasing power of the people going up and designer
homes and its interiors becoming the in-thing the area of interior
decoration has received a considerable attention in the recent
years.
• Certain institutions (like most of the women’s polytechnics) in
the country have started offering specialized diplomas in interior
decoration.
• In view of the limited wage employment opportunities in this
area, self – employment or entrepreneurship seems to be the
only alternative career option business opportunities in interior
decoration would further gain momentum in the years to come.
Nursery and Creches
• It offer better hygiene and better facilities
are much sought after and are doing a
next area to be ranked was Nursery and
Creches with the breaking up of joint
family system and also due to more and
more number of women going out of the
homes for work, nursery and crèches
have become a necessity to take care of
small children during the day.
• Nurseries and crèches which roaring
business. Thus, there is a good scope in
the area of nursery and crèches in the
future.
Handicrafts and 3P’s (Pickles,
Powder (Spices) and Papad )
• It is interesting and encouraging to
find that women have gradually
started coming out of the kitchen
activities-including the three P’s
with which women
entrepreneurship is popularly
identified.
• The handicraft sector which has an
upcoming domestic potential in
view of being ethnic becoming
order of the day and a great export
potential.
Livestock
• In India,livestock plays a multifaceted role in
providing draught power for the farm, manure for
crops, fuel for cooking and food for household
consumption as well as the market.
• In animal husbandry, women have a multiple role.
Their management, indoor jobs like milking, feeding,
cleaning etc are done by women in 90 % of the
family (Narayanan,1997activities vary widely
ranging from care of animal ,grazing, and fodder
collection, cleaning of animal sheds to processing
milk and livestock products. In livestock)
Agro product
• In India, around 70 % of the population earn
their livelihood from agriculture (EIU, 1997)
Rural Indian women are extremely involved
in agricultural activites.
• The nature and extent of their involvement
differs with variations in agro- production
system.
• In overall farm production, women’s average
contribution is estimated at 55% to 66% .
Agro resources Enterprises
• Oil mills
Ground nut • Cake
• Cattle feed
• Washing soap
• Peanuts
• Butter
• Hair oil
Castor seed • Lubricants
• Oil mills
• Paints
• Laundry soap
•
Fruits and vegetable Pickles
• Squashes
• Juices
• Jams
• Jellies
• Custard powder
• Canning
• Bottling
• Dehydrated fruits and vegetables and marketing of
fruits and vegetables.
•
Floriculture Ornamental nursery
• Flower marketing
• Seed production
• Tissue culture
• Oils (menthe)
Mushroom cultivation • Pickles
• Mushroom marketing
Plantation Crops
Forestry • Timber
• Saw mills
• Tissue culture
• Furniture
• Handloom accessories
• Tooth picks
• Wooden sports goods
• gum
• Articles like baskets, tabemats, wall hangings
etc.
Dairy
• Wool
• Wool rugs
• Carpets
• Bone meal
• Blanket weaving
• Leather goods
• Breeding
• Canning
• Shawls
• Gloves
• Cardigans etc.
Piggery
• Meat
• Breeding
• Canning etc.
• Entrepreneur having necessary training and
experience in these activities (sheep/goat
rearing, piggery) can take them up either for
self-employment or to supplement their income.