You are on page 1of 20

vlŒtcGifhta&;

wdkif;&if;om;tcGifhta&;
'Dru
kd a&pDa&;
KAREN NEWSLETTER =o*kwv
f / 2010 ckEpS f Volume(14) Issue(8) , 2010

rdrdxuf touf 70i,faom


(61)ESpfausmf=um ðrdif}uD;ilq&mawmfarG;ae@udk cifyGef;ukd xdef;odrf;xm;&ef
u&ifah wmfveS af &;[m q&mawmf&JŒ ausmif;cGJ v#KŒd 0Suq
f ef;=u,f
usOf;ajrmif;wJh rsKd;cspfpdwf"mwfukd 12ausmif;u oHCm 19yg;eJ@ tESyd yf nmok;H onfh
tajccHwm r[kwfbl; æ xdkif;oHCm 9yg;vnf; tzGm;tkd æ
pmrsuEf mS (4) ºuGa&mufvmw,fav æ pmrsuEf mS (10)
pmrsuEf mS (5)

'DaubDatwyfzŒJG e,fjcm;apmifw
h yf toGiaf jymif;+yD
=o*kwfv 19&uf? (autkdifpD) Akv
d cf sKyfvaS &$/ umuG,af &;0ef}uD; I usew f yfzufqidk &f m t&m&Srd sm; jcm;apmifhwyf toGiful;ajymif; ocHvlxkrsm;udk u&if0wfpkH0wf ay;umuG,yf grh nf? igw@dk onf t
wkd;wufaom Ak'<bm Xme jynfol@ppfESifh e,fjcm;wyf u e,fjcm;apmifhwyft&m&Sdrsm; oGm;rnfh 'DaubDatwyfzGJŒrsm; um vk y f t m;ay;oG m ;&ef ac: xuf t }uD ; tuJ r sm;uk d opP m
om u&iftrsKd;om;wyfrawmf rsm; !$e=f um;a&;rSL;±k;H !$e=f um; tm; wyfrawmf. &mxl;tqifh onf wyfrawmfESifh vufwGJ+yD; aqmifco hJ nfth wGuf wufa&muf wnfyghrnf? igwkd@onf jynfol
('DaubDat)wyfzŒJG 0ifwcsKŒd onf a&;rSL; AkdvfcsKyfarmifarmiftkef;/ wHqdyfudk wyfqifay;=uonf? e,fjcm;a'orsm; tjynft h 0 vkH cJhjcif;jzpfa=umif; &GmolwpfOD;u vlxkukd umuG,fapmifha&Smufygh
e,fjcm;apmifw h yf wyfziG yhf JG ppfa&; jynfol@qufqHa&;ESifh pdwf"mwf xk d t crf ; tem;wG i f òcHr&_ adS tmif opPm&S&d /dS wm0efoo d d ,ckvkd ajymonf? “usrwkd@ &Gm rnf? igwkd@onf ukd,fusifhw&m;
jy tcrf;tem;wpfcu k dk u&ifjynf ppfqifa&; n$e=f um;a&;rSL;±k;H !$ef wkid ;f rSL; Akv
d cf sKyfoufEidk 0f if;/ Akv
d f xrf;aqmifoGm;=urnf”[k t om;awG w&Gmukd ta,muf 20pD apmifx h ed ;f ygrh nf? igw@dk onf jynf
e,f/ v_id ;f bGòJ rdŒe,f/ òrdi}f uD;ila'o =um;a&;rSL; Akv d cf sKyfoef;pk;d / aiGpm csKyfarmifarmiftek ;f ESi'hf aD ubDat crf;tem;wGif ajymqko d mG ;onf? vk y f t m;ay;oG m ;&r,f ? u&if olvx l &k ŒJ touft;dk tdru f dk um
wGif ,refae@u usif;yðyvkyfcJh &if;±k;H !$e=f um;a&;rSL;csKyf Akv d cf sKyf 'kOuUX OD;ausmo f ef;wk@d u tcrf; xkd@aemuf etz tm tusôawG 0wfoGm;&r,fqkd+yD; 'D uG,af pmifah &Smufygrh nf? 'gawGudk
onf? v_id jf rifEh iS hf wyfrawmft&m&Srd sm;/ tem; rde@f ceG ;f ajym=um;cJ=h uonf? %mykdifrsm;rS e,fjcm;apmifhwyf aubDatu vmac:awmh &Gm omoemtvH a wmf a tmuf r S m
tqkdygwyfzGifhyGJtcrf; Xmeqkid &f m t}uD;tuJrsm; wuf OD;ausmo f ef;u “'Dau jzpfvmonfh 'DaubDatwyfzGJŒ om;awGvnf; rjzpfraeoGm;=u opPmusdefqkdcJhygw,f? b,folvl
tem;wGif ppftpk;d &bufu um a&muf=uonf? bDatonf 1994 ckEpS /f 'DZifbm 0ifrsm;twGuf axmufyHha=u;aiG wmayg”h [k a'ocH&mG olwpfO;D u rsKd;rqkd vufeufukdifw,fqkdwm
uG,fa&;0ef}uD;XmerS 'kwd,Akdvf ‚if;tjyif 'DaubDat v 21&ufae@wGif jynfol@&ifjyif rsm; ay;tyf+yD; wcsdefwnf;wGif autkdifpDukd ajymjyonf? uk, d v fh rl sK;d ukd umuG,zf @dk twGuf
csKyf}uD;&Jjrifh/ rGefjynfe,f at; OuUX apmomxl;ausmf/ 'kOuUX udk ckdv_Hvm=uolrsm;jzpf=u+yD; touft&G,f}uD;&ifhonfh 'Dau ,ref a e@u ðyvk y f vufeufuidk =f uwmjzpfw,f? ol
csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;aumif AkdvfcsKyfausmfoef;/ AkdvfcsKyfxGef; 1988rS 1990ckEpS t f wGi;f +idr;f csr;f bDat wyfAkdvfwyfrSL;rsm;ESifh r onfh tcrf;tem;wGif 'DaubD wk@d 'Dvv dk yk v f udk w f m[m vmrnfh
pDOuUX/ ta&SŒawmifwidk ;f ppfXme v_id Ef iS hf wyfrLS ;rsm;ESiw hf yfom;rsm; a&;tzGŒJ }uD; 17zGŒJ ESihf tzGŒJ i,frsm; oefrpGr;f olrsm;ukd axmufyahH =u; at em,u òrdi}f uD;ilq&mawmf a&SŒa&;rSm trsK;d om;twGuf bm
csKyfwkdif;rSL; AkdvfcsKyfoufEkdif0if;/ tcrf;tem;okd@ wufa&mufum pGmwkd@rSm e,fpyfa'ozGHΘzd;a&; ay;tyfonfh tcrf;tem; quf OD ; ok Z e rwuf a &muf c J h a omf rSvyk v f @dk r&awmhb;l ? wjcm;vlrsK;d
u&ifjynfe,f at;csrf;om,m tcrf;tem;wGif wyfrawmfom; vkyfief;rsm;wGif EkdifiHawmf/ jynf vufusif;ycJhonf? vnf; 'DaubDat wyfzŒJG 0if 600 awG=um;rSm vuf!K‡d ;axmifEidk zf @dk
a&;ESihf zGŒH òz;d a&;aumifpD OuUX Akv d f wpfOD;tjzpf opPmt"dXmef &Gwf ol/ wyfrawmfrsm;ESit hf wl vuf 'DaubDat wyfzŒJG rsm; cef@ wufa&mufc+hJ yD; qufvufI a0;a&m?” [k qko d nf?
csKyfaZmfrif;ESifh wGJzufppfa&;csKyf qkcd =hJ u+yD; 'kAv dk cf sKyf}uD; &Jjrifrh v S JG wGaJ qmif&u G v f #u&f adS =umif;/ e,f onf tqkyd gwyfziG yhf t JG wGuf a' =o*kwfv 20&ufae@wGif ykdifusKH AkdvfrSL;}uD; apmvm;
òrdŒe,fwiG v f nf;aumif;/ vmrnfh yG,(f Akv d Ef w _ cf rf;ar$;) OD;pD;onfh 'D
vd_if;bGJ+rdK@e,f rJyvJaus;&GmwGif jyKvkyfonfh e,fjcm;apmifhwyf wyfzGifhyGJtcrf;tem; 22&ufae@wGif jr0wDòrdŒe,fwGif aubDat wyfr[m(5) wyfzŒJG u
vnf;aumif; e,fjcm;apmifhwyf rl 'DaubDatwyfzGJŒ. rltwkdif;
zGifhyGJtcrf;tem;ukd usif;yoGm; quf v uf & yf w nf o G m ;rnf [ k
rnf[k od&onf? ajymonf?
vmrnfh tcrf;tem; 'DaubDat tokid ;f t
tay: 'D a ubD a t wyf r [m 0kid ;f ESihf eD;pyfow l pfO;D u “t&ifu
(999)/ wyf&if;(7) wyf&if;rSL; 'k u&ifvufeufuidk f Ak'b < momt
Akv
d rf LS ;}uD; apmvkud o f ed @f u “Ekid if H zGJŒtaeeJ@qkd udpPr&Sdbl;? tckqkd
awmf u csrS w f a y;wJ h e,f j cm; etz vufatmufv;Hk vk;H a&muf
apmifhwyfukdzGJŒzkd@ igwkd@ 'DaubD oGm;awmh ppfwyf&ŒJ trde@f e@J ao
atawGtaeeJ@ zGifhyGJtcrf;tem; qkad o/ &Siq f &dk iS yf ?J olw@dk rmS trsK;d
udk apmifah e=uw,f? tm;vk;H jyif om;a&;qkw d mvnf; r&Sad wmhb;l ?
qifxm;+yD;+yD? tcrf;tem;wufz@dk aysmuf+yDaygh”[k qkdonf?
twGuf usaemfvlawGtm;vkH; 'D a ubD a twyf z G J Œ
awmh wufz@dk rvkb d ;l ? vktd yfwv hJ l onf 1994ckESpfu u&iftrsKd;
yJ jyefvmw,f? usaemfw@dk wtm; om;tpnf;t±k;H (autJe, f )l rS cGJ
pd w f w uf º uG w ,f ? ”[k ajym xGuu f m òrid }f u;D ilq&mawmf OD;ok
onf? Ze. OD;aqmifr_jzifh jrefrmppft
e,fjcm;apmifhwyf t pk;d &ESihf yl;aygi;f oGm;cJ+h yD; 15ESp=f um
oGifajymif;a&;udk jiif;qefonfh 'DaubDattjzpf &yfwnfomG ;cJh
'DaubDat wyfr[m(5)rS wyf &mrS vmrnfha&G;aumufyGJrwkdif
rSL;wpfO;D u “'DaubDat wyfzŒJG cif ,ckvdk e,fjcm;apmifw h yftjzpf
0ifjzpf+yD;qkd&if igwkd@onf trsKd; ajymif;vJvkdufjcif;jzpfonf?
bmomomoemtwGuf touf Ô
Karen Information Center rS xkwa
f 0jzefc‹ so
d nf?
t,f'Dwmhtmabmf
u&if+idr;f tzGŒJ rsm; pkaygif;xm;onfh Eki
d i
f aH &;ygwD
tdr=f uufcsif; tk;d rJow
k rf hJ a&G;aumufyJG
a&G;aumufy0 JG ifrnf
r=umawmhonfh Ed0k ifbmv 7&ufwiG f usi;f yðyvkyrf nfh etz ppftpd;k &.
a&G;aumufyGJonf vlxkudk vlxkcsif;/ ygwDudk ygwDcsif;/ wdkif;&if;om; tcsif;csif;udk
tdr=f uufcsi;f td;k rJow k u f m cGycf ikd ;f aomyGyJ if jzpfonf? tESD a&G;aumufyu JG kd OD;aqmif =o*kwfv 23&uf? aumfr&SifxHokd@ ygwDaxmifcGifh eD;pyfow l OD;u ,ckvdk ajymonf? tqk d y g +id r f ; tzG J Π0if
rnfh jynfaxmifpk a&G;aumufyJG aumfr&Sirf sm;rSmvnf; etz ppftpd;k &u acgi;f acguf eef;xl;pH (autkdifpD) av#muf+yD; aemufw&ufwiG f Ekid if H “ygwDwck zGJŒw,fqkd ouf } uD ; yk d i f ; rsm; yg0if o nf h
a&G;cs,fxm;olrsm;omjzpf+yD; b¾ma&;/ vlOD;a&ESifh Oya'tm;vHk;udk ppftkyfpkuyif vmrnfha&G;aumufyGJ a&;ygwD rSwfykHwifcGifh av#muf wm [kww f ,f? usaemfw@dk e,f (KSDDP). ygwq D idk &f m aiGa=u;
csKyfuikd x f m;onf? wGif yg0if,OS òf ydi&f ef ppftpk;d &ESihf xm;cJ&h mrS ,ck=o*kwv f 19&uf jcm;apmifhwyftzGJŒxJrSm rygwJh vkdtyfcsufrsm;/ ygwD. vkyfief;
ppftpd;k &onf &mpkwpfcek ;D yg; r+y;D qH;k ao;onfh jynfwiG ;f ppfumvtwGi;f
+idrf;csrf;a&;,lxm;onfh u&if ae@wGif cGifhðycsuf&&SdcJhjcif; jzpf acgi;f aqmifawG tJ't D zGŒJ xJrmS yg ay:vpD/ rl0g'rsm;ukv d nf;aumif;
‚if;wd@k ukd tjrpfjywfawmfveS af eonfh wdik ;f &if;om;vufeufuikd f tzG@J tpnf;rsm;udk
oyfo#Kòd zcd jJG cif;/ pnf;±H;k zJx
h w k jf cif;a=umifh 1989rS 1990ckEpS t f wGi;f wdik ;f &if;om; typf vufeufuidk t f zGŒJ 0ifrsm; pkaygi;f I onf? w,f? usaemfw@dk BGFeJ@ qufpyf etz ppftpkd;&rS ulnDvrf;n$ef
&yftzG@J 17zGŒJ jzpfwnfvmcJ&h onf? ppftyk pf o k nf xdt k ypf&yftzGŒJ rsm;tm; ‚if;wd@k . u&if y gwD w ck xl a xmif u m a&G ; aumuf y G J 0 if r nf h r_&SdwJh wckwnf;aomygwD jzpf ay;r_rsm;&So d nf[k zm;tHòrdŒcHrsm;
rdcifawmfveS af &;tzG@J ukd jyefvnfwu kd cf u
kd cf ikd ;f um aoG;cGv J yk af qmifEidk cf jhJ cif;jzifh Edik if aH &; u&ifjynfe,ftwGi;f &Sd rJqENe,f EkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;onf ygwDrSwfykH w,f? usaemfw@dk vufeufuidk v f l u a0zefajymqkdae=uonf?
tjrwfxkwfcJhonf? rsm;wGif 0ifa&mufta&G;cH&ef pDpOf wifciG hf &&Sad omae@rpS I &ufaygi;f awGu ygvkd@r&bl;av? usaemf a&G;aumufyGJ usif;y&ef
wpfO;D pD/ wpfzŒJG pDjzpfap rwlonfh tcGit hf a&;/ vkyyf ikd cf iG rhf sm;ay;um rdrw d @kd
ae+yD;jzpfa=umif; od&onf? 90twGi;f ygw0D iftiftm; pm&if; tao;pd w f r od a yrJ h tJ ' D x J r S m 3vcef @ tvk d w G i f ,ck v k d ygwD
ppfwyfu typf&yfrsm;. r[mrdwfa,mifa,mif [efaqmifvkyf}uHcJh=uonf? ruf
avmufaom pD;yGm;uGurf sm; csay;um Edik if aH &;todukd azsmufypfc=hJ uonf? typf&yf u&ifjynfe,f 'Drkdu rsm;ukd wifjy&rnfjzpfaomfvnf; zl;omxl;ausmfvnf; ygr,fxif axmifay;+yD; EkdifiHa&;ygwDtjzpf
tzGJŒ obmcsif;wlonfhwdkif ppftpdk;& acgif;aqmifrsm;u tuef@cGJum ac:,lawGŒ a&pD E S i f h zG H Œ òzd ; wk d ; wuf a &;ygwD v_yf&Sm;&ef vsifjrefpGm cGifhðyay;
qHkcJhonf? Tonfuyif ppftkyfpk. aoG;cGJqufqHa&;yif jzpfonf? (KSDDP)onf ,ckv 12&uf vkdufjcif;onf u&ifjynfe,ft
ppftpd;k &. twGi;f a&;rSL;(1)jzpfco hJ l ,cif ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;rSL;a[mif; ae@Y jynfaxmifpk a&G;aumufyGJ ygwD0if tiftm;pm&if;ukd wGi;f &Sd zvk-H pa0: 'Dru dk &ufwpfyg
Adv
k cf sKyfcif!e$ @f vufxufuwnf;u a&;qGcJ o hJ nfh vrf;!$ecf suf 7csuyf g vrf;jyajryHk
t& 2010 a&G;aumufyo JG nf *dwq f ;kH tqifjh zpfonf? wdik ;f &if;om; ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;
aumfr&Six f o H @dk ygwrD w S yf w
Hk ifciG hf a&G;aumufyJG aumfr&Six f o
H @dk wD (PSDP)ESihf t"du ,SOòf ydiEf idk f
vuf!Kd‡ ;axmif acgi;f ndwf wufa&mufvmcJ=h uonfh anmifEpS yf if trsK;d om;nDvmcH av#mufxm;cJ&h m Ekid if aH &;ygwrD w S f oGm;a&mufwifjycJh+yD;jzpfonfæ &eftwGuf zGJŒpnf;ay;vkdufjcif;
udk 14ESp=f um usi;f yvmcJ+h y;D 2008ckEpS f (em*pf)zGŒJ pnf;yHt k ajccH Oya'udk rJvrd t f wnf ykw
H ifjcif; Oya' yk'rf (9)ESit hf nD jzpfonf[k (PSDP) ygw0D ifwOD;
ðycJ=h uonf? vlxo k nf ppftyk pf . k tm%mjzifh wpfqifch si;f Edik if aH &;tjrwfxw k rf u _ kd aumfr&Siu f ,ckv (19)&ufae@ u okH;oyfajymqkdonf?
rodr[kwf? *Ce% odonf? wGif EkdifiHa&;ygwDrSwfykHwif cGifhðy (KSDDP)ygwo
D nf rSwyf w
Hk ifciG hf w,f”[k qko d nf? vmrnfh Ek0d ifbmv 7
ppftoH;k p&dww f iG f wdik ;f jynfb¾mudk &mcdik Ef e_ ;f xuf0ufausmf trsm;qH;k
vku d af =umif; a=unmcsut f rSwf &&So
d nfh =o*kwv f 19&ufae@wiG f 'D a ubD a twyf z G J Π&ufae@Y usi;f yrnfh a&G;aumufyJG
toH;k ðyum vufeuf0,f,pl ak qmif;+y;D vlxu k kd aoewfr;kd tkycf sKyfc=hJ uonf? vlxt k ‚if;wkd@. ygwD0iftiftm;pm&if;
wGi;f rwlujJG ym;onfh ‚if;wd@k . vufa0cH }uzhH @HG / pGr;f tm;&Si/f trsK;d orD;a&;&m uJo h @kd aom (92§2010)jzifh xkwjf yefa=unm onf e,fjcm;apmifw h yf (Border wGif u&ifjynfe,ftwGif;Y òrdŒ
vkdufonf? ukd a&G;aumufyJG aumfr&Six f o
H @dk Guide Force)tjzpf w&m;0if e,faygi;f pkrH S 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydirf nfh
toif;tzGŒJ rsm;zGŒJ um Oya'rJh wapmufuef; vkyyf ikd cf iG rhf sm;ay;&if; omrefvx l Ek iS hf cGJ
jcm;cJ=h uonf? qd;k usK;d tjzpf vlxrk mS wpfO;D ESiw hf pfO;D / wpfpEk iS w hf pfpk tºuiG ;f rJh ,H=k unf ‚if ; ygwD o nf etz oGm;a&mufwifjycJh+yD;jzpfonf[k ajymif;vJzŒJG pnf;&ef +yD;cJah om =o ygwDrsm;rSm EkdifiHa&;ygwD rSwfykH
&ef tm;enf;vm=u+yD; rw&m;tkycf sKyfaeonfukd odov d #uf iH@k caH ecJ=h uonf? owif ; ES i f h jyef = um;a&;0ef } uD ; =o*kwv f 20&ufae@xw k f a=u;rkH *kwv f 18&ufae@u 'DaubDat wifciG hf &&Sxd m;onfh Ekid if aH &;ygwD
ppftpd;k &onf 2010wGif a&G;aumufyu JG kd rjzpfrae usi;f yrnf[k vlxk
AkdvfcsKyfausmfqef;rSaeI u&if owif;pmwGif a&;om;azmfjyxm; XmecsKyfwnf&Sd&m u&ifjynfe,f/ (41)ygwDajrmuf u&ifjynfe,f
wpf&yfv;kH u wxpfcs ,H=k unfar#mv f ifx h m;=uonft h wdik ;f trSew f u,fyif usi;f y onf?
awmhrnfjzpfonf? xdo k @kd a&G;aumufyJG rusi;f yrSD tawmtwGi;f typf&yftzGŒJ tm;vH;k jynfe,ftwGif;&Sd wkd;wufaom v_dif;bGJòrdŒe,f/ òrdif}uD;ila'owGif 'Drkdua&pDESifh zGHŒòzd;wkd;wufa&;yg
Ak'b < mom u&iftrsK;d om;wyfr KSDDP ygwD o nf e,fjcm;apmifw h yf wyfziG yhf JG tcrf; wD (KSDDP)/ jynfaxmifpk }uchH idk f
udk e,fjcm;apmifw h yf toGiaf jymif;um Edik if w H iG f ppfwyfwpfcw k nf;om &S&d rnf[k zGŒJ
pnf;yHw k Gif jyXmef;xm;onfhtwdkif; odrf;oGif;cJh/ odrf;oGif;aeqJjzpfonf? autJef,l awmf ('DaubDat)/ u&if+idr;f csr;f u&ifjynfe,f/ zm;tHòrdŒe,f/ t tem;usi;f ycJ+h yD; 20&ufae@wiG f rJh a&;ES i f h zG H Œ òzd ; wd k ; wuf a &;ygwD
xdyfydkif;acgif;aqmifwpfOD;u “etz typf&yfvkyfcdkif;wmu vufeufcscdkif;wm a&;tzGŒJ (auyDtufz)f / y'kad tmif rSwf (7)&yfuGuf/ urf;em;vrf; yvJ & G m teD ; ES i f h yk d i f u sKH & G m wG i f (USDP)/ wkid ;f &if;om; pnf;vk;H nD
yJ? e,fjcm;apmifhwyfqdkwm ppfa&;t& awmfvSefa&;tzGJŒawGudk jyefwdkuf
qef; OD;pD;aom +ird ;f tzGŒJ ponfh t wGif ygwD±kH;pkduf+yD; ygwD. acgif; vnf;aumif;/ 21&ufae@wiG f jr0 !$waf &;ygwD (UNP)/ zvk-H pa0:
cd k i f ; wm? 'g[m vl x k v d k v m;wJ h +id r f ; csrf ; a&;vrf ; pOf t ppf r[k w f b l ; ?”[k aqmifrsm;ukd xkwfjyefazmfjyjcif;
r=umao;cifu u&ifowif;pOfukd ajymqdck o hJ nf? ypf&yf u&ifvufeufukdiftzGJŒ wDòrdŒe,f arwWmvif;òrdi&f yfuu G f 'Drudk &ufwpfygwD (PSDP)ESihf oH
rsm;. acgif;aqmifrsm;ukd pkpnf; r&Sdao;aomfvnf; ygwDOuUXrSm ESifh aumhu&dwfòrdŒe,f xDzkd;oef awmifòrdŒe,fEiS hf =umtif;qdy}f uD;
=o*kwfv wwd,ywftwGif; u&ifjynfe,fY etz ta&SŒawmifwdkif;
ppfXmecsKyfu e,fjcm;apmifw h yfrsm; wyfziG yhf JG tcrf;tem; ðyvkyu f si;f ycJo h nfukd ppf +yD; xlaxmifay;jcif;jzpfum =o 'DaubDat OuUX apmomxl; aus;&GmY e,fjcm;apmifw h yf wyf òrdŒe,fwGif 0ifta&G;cHrnfh u&if
tkyfpkydkif owif;Xmersm;wGif a0a0qmqm azmfjycJh=uonf? 'DaubDat 'kOuUX *kwv f 11&ufae@u jynfaxmifpk ausmf jzpfEkdifonf[k xkdygwDESifh zGiyhf uJG dk toD;oD;usi;f ycJ=h uonf? jynfol@ygwD(KPP)wkd@ jzpfonf?
OD;ausmfoef;u 'DaubDat tpnf;t±Hk;onf ,cifu ,m,D+idrf;csrf;a&;tjzpfom
wm0efxrf;aqmifciG &hf cJah omfvnf; ,cktcsed w f iG f xm0&+idr;f csr;f a&; &&S+d yD; e,fjcm;
apmifw h yftjzpf e,fpyfvòkH cHa&; umuG,af &;qdik &f m udprP sm;udk ydrk akd qmif&u G o f mG ;Ekid f
awmhrnf[k qdkxm;onf? wpfaxmifhwpfn jzpfawmhrnfh ppfu|efb0udk rdrdwdk@
udk,fudk oGwfoGif;vdkufjcif;om jzpfonf? e,f=jcm;=apmifh wifajrSmufyJG
odk@aomf vuf&SdtcsdefwGif ucsif/ &Srf;/ 0/ rGefESifh typf&yf u&iftcsKdŒu
vnf; e,fjcm;apmifhwyfudk jiif;qef&if; ordkif;rSm;udk aq;a=umoef@pifae=uonf?
jynfoltcsif;csif;/ vlrsKd;tcsif;csif; tdk;rJokwf cGyfcdkif;rnfh e,fjcm;apmifhwyfta&;udk
vlxkESifh vlxkxJrS aygufzGm;vmonfh typf&yftzGJŒrsm;u ppfu|eftjzpf EHGepfrcHbJ
raES;tjref ckcaH wmfveS &f if; vlxt k usK;d / wdik ;f jynftusK;d udk o,fy;kd olrsm;tjzpfom
urŠn;f rSwaf usmufwif vkyaf qmifoifah yonf?
Ô

u&ifowif;pOf
wm0efct
H ,f'w
D m eef;azmha*
vufaxmuft,f'w D m eef;xl;pH
owif;axmufrsm; apmcg;pl;nm;/ apmode;f jrifh
aemfjzLjzLoif;/
tjyiftqif apmzd;k ausm/f apmxGe;f Ekid f
qufo,
G &f ef
kicnews@yahoo.com
P.O Box 22
Mae Sot, 63110
Tak, Province
Thailand.
<www.kicnews.org>

ppfreS o
f nfh 'Dru
kd a&pDpepft& vGwv
f yf+yD; w&m;r#wonfh a&G;aumufyjJG zpfa&; jynfot
l m;vH;k wGif wm0ef&o
dS nf/
u&ifowif;pOf/ -o*kwfv/ 2010 ckESpf? pmrsufESm 2
zvk-H pa0: 'Dru
dk &ufwpfygwD tzGŒJ 0iftiftm; c&u OuUX tvSL
wpfaomif;&S+d yD pnf;±k;H a&;jzpfEi
dk f
=o*kwfv 16&uf? w,f? tenf;qkH; (70)&mckdifE_ef; xH av#mufxm;cJ+h yD; ZGev f 4&uf =unfr_ r&Sw d myJav”[k qko d nf? =o*kwfv 9&uf? xrif;eJ@[if; pyg,&f , S af u|;wm?
apmodef;jrifh (autkdifpD) avmufuawmh ajymp&m odyfr ae@wiG f rSwyf w Hk iftrSwf (30)jzifh u&if j ynf e ,f w G i f aemfjzLjzLoif; (autkid pf )D tck *dwfawGvnf;ydwf+yD; pD;yGm;
u&if j ynf e ,f uk d , f vkbd ;l ayg?h ajymjyvku d wf meJ@ow l @dk ygwDwnfaxmifcGifh &&SdcJh+yD;jzpf vuf&SdtcsdefY zvkH-pa0: 'Drkdu jr0wDòrdŒ&Sd bkef;awmf a&;wGif tqifrajyawmh yku d q
f rH
pm;ðyygwDwckjzpfaom zvkH-p oabmayguyf gw,f? 'ge@J yJ yg0if aomfvnf; ygwq D idk ;f yk'u f rkd l ,ck &ufwpfygwDtjyif jynfaxmifpk }uD;ausmif;wausmif;wGif ,ckv &Sw
d hJ qif;&Jom;awG/ qku d mU ;orm;
a0: 'Dru
dk &ufwpfygwD (Phlone- vm=uwmaygah v? uk, d &hf ŒJ wkid ;f tcsdefxd raxmif&ao;a=umif; }uHhckdifa&;ESifh zGHŒòzd;a&;ygwD/ wkdif; qef;ykdif;u (c&u) OuUXu OD; awG taeeJ@uawmh oGm;pm;wm
Sguaw Democratic Party- &if;om;vlrsK;d ukd tajccH+yD;zGŒJ pnf; od&onf? &if;om; pnf;vk;H nDnw $ af &;ygwD xGef;xGef;0if;rS òrdŒaevlxktm; ukd tcGifhaumif;,lwmaygh”[k
PSDP)onf +yD;cJo h nfh 2vcef@rpS (wpn)ESihf rGeaf 'ovk;H qkid &f m 'Drdk (7)&ufwkdif tvSLay;cJhjcif;onf ajymqkdonf?
I ygwD0ifrsm; vkdufvHpnf;±kH; ua&pDygwDwkd@ tzGJŒ0ifpnf;±kH;r_ pnf;±k;H a&;wpfcjk zpfEidk af =umif; òrdŒ ‚if;tvSLtwGuf jr0
v#uf&m vuf&SdtcsdefwGif tif vlxu k dk t&if;cH+yD; zG@J pnf;xm;wJh rsm; vkyaf qmifv#u&f +dS yD; ppftpk;d cHtcsKdŒu ajymqkdae=uonf? wDòrdŒ&Sd olaX;OD;ausm[ f ed ;f rSvnf;
tm;wpfaomif;&S+d yD[k od&onf? ygwD jzpfwt hJ wGua f =umufr@dk & owif;pmwGif u&ifjynfe,f 'D “bk & if h a emif vrf ; r tvSLaiG usyo f ed ;f 30yif vSL'ge;f
PSDP ygwD OuUX apm u&ifjynfoa l wGu axmufc=H uwmygæ rku
d a&pDEiS hf zGŒH òzd;wk;d wufa&;ygwD }uD;u bk&m;}uD;ausmif;wkdufrSm a=umif;vnf; od&onf? jr0wDòrdŒ
cifarmifjrifhu “ygwD0iftiftm; u =o*kwv f 12&ufae@u jynf tvSLvkyaf ewmawmh awGŒw,f? &Sd ukeof nfwpfO;D uvnf; “'gu
uawmh vuf&SdowfrSwfxm;wJh wJh ygwjD zpfwt hJ wGu&f ,f/ aemuf PSDP ygwo D nf vGecf hJ axmifpk a&G;aumufyJG aumfr&Sif au|;aewm wpfywfawmifrS qkd awmh olwkd@pnf;±kH;a&;twGufyJ
tiftm;xuf ausmfvm+yD;av? +yD;awmh u&ifjynfe,fa'orSmyJ onfh ZGev f uwnf;u ‚if;tajc okd@ EkdifiHa&;ygwDtjzpf rSwfykHwif yJ? ar;=unfah wmh c&u OuUX&JŒ vkyfwmaerSmyg? usaemfuawmh
[krd mS olw@dk (a&G;aumufyaJG umifr tajccH+yD;awmh zGJŒpnf;wJhtzGJŒt ðyonfh u&ifjynfe,ftwGif; yg cGifhav#mufxm;onf[k azmfjy tvSLwJh? b,folrqkd waeukef tJ'b D ufa&mufurdk a&mufjzpfb;l
&Sif)u wpfaxmifowfrSwfwm pnf;jzpfwmu wpfa=umif;aygh wD0ifrsm;pGm pnf;±kH;zGJŒpnf;EkdifcJh xm;onf? b,ftcsdef vmpm;pm;&w,fw?hJ av”[k autkid pf u D kd ajymonf?
udk;? tiftm;uawmh aomif; av”[k ‚if;uajymonf? aomfvnf; &efuek òf rdŒwGif ygw±D ;Hk ppftpkd;&u usif;yðy =unfh&wm a&G;aumufyGJtwGuf jr0wDc±kdif OuUXonf
*%ef ; xd a vmuf &aeyg+yD ? 'D tqkdyg PSDP ygwD tajcpku d of nfh u&ifjynfo@l ygwD vkyfrnfh 2010a&G;aumufyGJwGif pnf;±k;H aewmvm; rodb;l ”[k òrdŒ vuf&Sd tpkd;&tm%mykdifrSjzpf+yD;
zm;tHaum (7)òrdŒe,fv;Hk aygah v? wGif tvkyftr_aqmif 9OD;jzifh (KPP)ukrd l &efuek w f idk ;f twGi;f &Sd 0ifa&muf,SOfòydif&ef ygwDrSwfykH cHtrsKd;orD;wpfOD;u ajymonf? trsm;tm;jzifh tpk;d &0efxrf;rsm;
t"duuawmh zm;tHòrdŒe,fayg”h owfrSwfzGJŒpnf;xm;&m ,m,D u&ifvx l uk t,kt H =unfr&S=d u wifxm;onfh PSDP, KPPESifh
[k twnfðy ajymqko d nf? OuUXtjzpf apmcifarmifjrifh/ 'k bJ ‚if;wkd@. a[majymr_rsm;ukdyif UKL u&ifygwD 3 zGŒJ onf rdrw d @dk 'guawmh olw@dk pnf;±k;H a&;twGuy
f J
òrdŒe,f (7)ckwGif 0if OuUX apmatmifausmEf idk /f taxG pdwfysufolrsm;&Sdonf[k &efukef . ygwD0iftiftm;rsm;ukd vkduf vkyw
f maerSmyg? usaemfuawmh
a&muf,SOfòydifrnfh zvkH-pa0:'Drkd axGtwGi;f a&;rSL; apm=unfvif;/ wkid ;f &Sd u&iftokid ;f t0kid ;f u ajym vH p k a qmif ; v#uf & S d + yD ; vmrnf h tJ'b
D ufa&mufudk
u&uf w pf y gwD o nf vuf & S d t wGb J uftwGi;f a&;rSL;(1) apmwif qkdae=uonf? Ek0d ifbmv 7&ufae@wiG f usi;f yðy ra&mufjzpfb;l avæ
csed w
f iG f ygw0D if pnf;±k;H a&;c&DpOf v_dif/ wGJbuftwGif;a&;rSL;(2) zm;tHòrdŒ trSw(f 4)&yf vkyrf nfh taxGaxG a&G;aumufyJG
udk zm;tH/ aumhu&dwf/ v_dif;bGJ/ apm&Sm;xGe@f azgi/f vli,fOuUX pbD uGufrS t+idrf;pm; ausmif;q&m Y oufqkdif&m rJqENe,fajrt Zlvkdifv 31&ufae@rS rS }uHch idk af &;ESihf zGŒH òzd;a&;ygw.
D t
=umtif;qdy}f uD;/ jr0wDEiS hf zmyGef usiOf ;D / trsK;d orD;OuUX a':eef;ap wpfOD;u “zvkH-pa0:ygwDrSm yg vkduf 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifoGm;rnf ,ckv 6&ufae@txd ðyvkyo f nfh zGJŒ0ifrsm;jzpfonfhtwGuf ,ckvkd
ponfhòrdŒe,frsm;wGif pnf;±kH;a&; tGm/ tzGŒJ 0if apmjrxGe;f ESihf apm 0ifO;D aqmifwo hJ al wGu omref t [kvnf; od&onf? ,if;tvSLwGif rnforl qkd eHeuf tau|;tarG;jzifh pnf;±kH;jcif;jzpf
c&D;pOf ðyvky+f yD;pD;cJ+h yD; u&ifvxl k cifausmfOD;wkd@jzpfonf? pk;d & 0efxrf;awGygy?J aemuf+yD; vl PSDPygwo D nf u&if (6)em&DrS nae (4)em&Dtxd t onf[kvnf; ajymqkdae=ujcif;
rS tifwu dk tf m;wku d f yg0ifvmcJh zm;tHòrdŒe,f/ (7)&yf xkukd t&if;cH+yD; zGŒJ pnf;xm;wJh yg jynfe,fukd tajccHum zGJŒpnf; csdefra&G; vma&mufpm;okH;Ekdif+yD; jzpfonf?
=u&m qufvufpnf;±kH;&ef oH uGuf/ xkH;tkdifvrf;/ rkd;u,fbkef; wDjzpfwJhtwGufa=umifhrkd@ u&if wnfaxmifxm;aomfvnf; rGef r&u/ &yfuGufvl}uD;rsm;ESifh ap jr0wDòrdŒwGif aexkid =f u
awmifòrdŒe,fwpfck usef&Sdao; }uD;ausmif;teD;wGif ygwD±kH;csKyf jynfoal wGu axmufc=H uwmyg? jynfe,f/ weoFm&Dwidk ;f / yJc;l wkid ;f / wem ema&;ulnrD t _ oif;rS tzGŒJ ol r sm;onf rsm;aomtm;jzif h
onf[k apmcifarmifjrifu h quf xm;&So d nfh zvk-H pa0: 'Dru dk &uf (KPP) (UKL) ygwDawGu OD; &efukefwkdif;ESifh {&m0wDwkdif;rsm; 0ifrsm;u 0kid ;f ulau|;arG;cJah =umif; e,fpyfp;D yGm;a&;ukd rScD &dk yfwnfae
ajymonf? wpfygwDonf EkdifiHa&;ygwDtjzpf aqmifoal wG[m ppfwyfxu J t txd wkd;csJŒzGJŒpnf;oGm;rnf[k od&onf? =u&um jrefrmppftpkd;&zufu
“vuf & S d r S m 'D u &if rSwyf wHk ifciG u
hf dk +y;D cJo
h nf arv 27 +idr;f pm;t&m&Sad wG/ ppftm%mykid f vnf; ‚if;wk@d . zGŒJ pnf;ykt H & od& òrdŒolwpfOD;u “olwkd@ ,ckvkd cspf=unfa&;wHwm; tyg
jynfe,ftwGif;rSmu tifwkduf &ufae@wGif aejynfawmf&Sd jynf awG&ŒJ tm%moufa&mufoal wG onf? vk y f w mu wk d u f ± k d u f r vk y f b l ; t0if w&m;r0if*dwfrsm;tm;vkH;
tm;wkdufawmh axmufcHr_ &Sdyg axmifpk a&G;aumufyJG aumfr&Sif jzpfaeawmh vlxu k olw@dk udk ,kH Ô av? tvSLau|;ovked @J oG,0f u dk f ydwfvkdufojzifh òrdŒcHrsm;rSm pm;
+yD ; awmh vk y f w m? au|;wmrS 0wfaea&;=uyfwnf;ae=u&onf?

a&G;aumufyr JG wki
d c
f if vlxt
k wGi;f ppfwyf.
apmif=h unfr
h c_ & H
csKyf - puc(7) vuf a tmuf c H awG uk d , f h a e&muae 0if w m/
=o*kwfv 3&uf? pm&if;/ rdbtrnf pm&if;rSwf,l awG wae&m&moGm;vm&if olw@dk zmyGefom;uyif qufajymonf? wyf&if;wyfzŒJG 0ifrsm; yl;aygi;f um xGufwmawGukd apmifh=unfhae
eef;xl;pH (autkdifpD) jcif;/ aiGa=u;awmif;cHjcif;rsm;ukd (ppfwyf)qDrSm vufrSwfa&;+yD;rS tvm;wl oxkHc±kdif/ Zlvidk v
f ukew f iG f jyifum;ESihf av; wmawG &Sw d ,f? ZGev f 12&ufu
u&ifjynfe,f ae&m ,ckvqef;uwnf;u pwifvkyf oGm;vk@d &w,f? olw@dk owfrw S w
f hJ bD;vif;òrdŒe,f&Sd etz cv&(9) awmaus;&Gm&Sd &Gmol&Gmom;rsm; tck c sd e f x d y J ? wu,f v k d @ wpf
tawmfrsm;rsm;wGif etz ppft aqmifvmonf[k od&onf? twkdif;vnf; ykdufqHay;&w,f? wyfzGJŒ0ifrsm;onf +yD;cJhaom Zl ukd "gwfykH±kduf,l+yD; tdrfaxmifpk a,mufa,mufu ol@ae&mrSm r
pkd;&wyfrsm;onf vmrnfh a&G; zmyGecf ±kid &f dS òrdŒe,frsm; tJvrdk sK;d oGm;&ifawmifrS tcsed ef @J ? vkid v
f 25&ufae@rpS I ,ckcsed t f pm&if;rsm;ukdvnf; aumuf,lcJh &S&d if aiGusyf 1200 ay;&w,f? t
aumufyrJG wkid cf if ‚if;wk@d xde;f csKyf twGi;f aexkid o f nfh a'ocHvx l k reuf 6em&Du nae 4em&Dt xd 0if;a&m*GiYf 0ifxu G o
f mG ;vm a=umif; autJe, f .l owif;rSwf xl ; ojzif h òrd Œ e,f x J u w±k w f
r_atmuf&dS vlxrk sm;ukd oGm;vm onf ‚if;wkd@. pm;0wfaea&;t wGi;f rSmyJciG ðhf yay;w,f?tJ'ga=umifh aeonfh a'ocHvlxkrsm;ukd ppf wrf;rsm;wGif azmfjyxm;onf? wef;&yfuGuf/ w±kwfacsmif;&Gm/
v_y&f mS ;r_rsm;ukd Zlvidk v
f qef;ykid ;f wGuf tvky&f mS azG&ef oGm;vm&m &Gmom;awG[m oGm;vmvkyfukdif aq;ar;jref ; r_ r sm; vk y f a qmif xkdenf;wl u&ifvlxk awmif;OD;acsmif;jy tJ'D&GmawGrSm
rSpI ae@pOf apmifh=unfhv#uf&Sd wG i f etz v_ y f & S m ;wyf r sm;u pm;aomuf z k d @ t&rf ; cuf c J v m v#u&f +dS yD; wae&m&mok@d oGm;vm aexkid &f m {&m0wDwidk ;f 0g;c,fr ayg”h [k autkid pf u D kd ajymonf?
onf[k a'ocHrsm;u ajymonf? enf;vrf;rsKd;pkHjzifh wm;qD;ydwfyif w,f”[k autkid pf u D dk ajymonf? &ef&Sdygu c&D;oGm; axmufcHpm/ òrdŒe,ftwGif; &yfuGuftwGif; ppf t pk d ; &wyf r sm;.
oxkH/ awmifil/ anmif onf h t jyif vl x k x H r S aiG n ‡ p f “'Dt h jyif &Gmol&mG om; rSwyf wHk if/ tdref yH gw/f emrnf/ t jzpfap/ aus;&GmtwGif;jzpfap vl ,if;vkyfief;rsm;udk rnfonfht
av;yifESifh zmyGefc±kdifrsm;twGif; awmif;cHEkdif&ef t+rJvkdvkd &Sm}uH awG b,fae&mawGuydk o J mG ;oGm; ouf/ rdbtrnf/ ae&yfponfw@dk wpfO;D csi;f . t0iftxGuu f dk ZGef wGufa=umifh vkyfaqmifaeonf
tajcpku d f v_y&f mS ;aeaom etz vkyaf qmifaea=umif; zmyGeef ,fcH etz wyfawGu olw@dk val wGudk uk d ,l a qmif o G m ;&onf h t jyif v 12&ufuwnf;u tcsed jf ynfh ukd vlxx k H todray;aomfvnf;
wyfzGJŒ0ifrsm;onf a'ocHvlxk wOD;u ajymonf? v$wf+yD; oGm;vmaewJh &Gmol&Gm wpfOD;v#if 500usyfpD awmif; apmifh=unfhr_rsm;rSm ,cktcsdefxd 2008 ckEpS u f ‚if;wk@d a&;qGx J m;
rsm; ‚if;wk@d . aus;&GmrS tjyifo@dk olu “usaemfw@dk zmyGef om;awGqDrSm aiGawmif;wm/ aiG onf[k a'ocHrsm;u ajymonf? &Sdaeonf[k 0g;c,fròrdŒcHwpfOD; onfh zGŒJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'ukd t
oGm;vmjcif;ukd trsKd;rsKd;ydwfyif c±kdifrSm txl;ojzifh 'G,fvkd;òrdŒ npfwmawG vkyw f m&Sw d ,f? 'Dvdk ‚if;tjyif awmificl ±kid /f u ,ckvdk ajymonf? wnfðya&;twGuf vlxq k ENc,H yl JG
wm;qD;um oGm;vmaeolrsm;ukd e,fu uG;D wrmh/ a0:rle@J rmav; rsK;d vky&f yfawG olw@dk tajccswhJ ae xef;wyifòrdŒe,fwiG v f nf; etz olu “usaemfwkd@ 0g; rusi;f ycif tvm;wl vkyaf qmif
ppfaq;ar;jref;jcif;/ tdrfaxmifpk v,f*h iG af wGrmS tckcsed q f dk &Gmom; &mwk d i f ; rS m &S d a ew,f ” [k ‚if ; cv& (73)ESifh ppfuGyfuJa&;Xme c,fròrdŒe,fbufrSmvnf; vlxk r_rsK;d ðyvkycf ahJ =umif; od&onf?

ppfreS o
f nfh 'Dru
kd a&pDpepft& vGwv
f yf+yD; w&m;r#wonfh a&G;aumufyjJG zpfa&; jynfot
l m;vH;k wGif wm0ef&o
dS nf/
u&ifowif;pOf/ -o*kwfv/ 2010 ckESpf? pmrsufESm 3
u&ift
h mZmenfae@ =opa=w;vsm;Y usif;y+yD;pD; ok;H avmif;òydif vlowfr_
=o*kwv f 14&uf?
apmausmfcGD; (autkdifpD)
‚if;tjyif olu “ukv awGtm;vkH; ikdaºuG;cJh=u&w,f? auESifh wyfom;rsm;onf zqy
H umuvnf; vl@t 'D v d k 0rf ; enf ; a=uuG J c J h a yr,f h vwyfrsm;. 0kid ;f 0ef;wku
or*~e@J Ekid if w d cf u
dk rf u
_ dk
uae'ga&muf
u&iftrsKd;om;awmf cGifhta&;csKd;azmufwJh etzppf u&ifawG[m tavsmrh ay;bl;? ckc&H if; usq;Hk oGm;cJo
vSefa&;wGif toufay;qyfoGm; tkyfpkukd 0kdif;0ef;zdtm;ay;zkd@eJ@ apmbOD;}uD;&JΠrl[m ESp/f =o*kwv
h nfh 1950 ck
f 12&ufae@udk u&if
u&ifro d m;pkwi G f jzpfymG ;
onfh trsK;d om;acgi;f aqmif apm =o*kwfv 9&uf? b,folrS rodvkdufbl;? 'gayrJh
bOD;}uD;ESihf tmZmenf&aJ bmfrsm; aemfjzLjzLoif; (autkid pf )D td r f a b;em;u t*F v d y f w pf
tm; &nf p l ; I ES p f ( 60)ajrmuf uae'gEidk if H REGINA a,muf u ,if a umif a wG ysH
u&ift h rsK;d om;tmZmenfae@ t òrdŒajrmufyidk ;f &Sd u&if'u k o Q nf rd w,f? teH@vnf; raumif;bl;? t
crf;tem;w&yfudk =opa=w;vsm; om;wpkwGif +yD;cJhonfhtywfu eH@q;dk awmh ykvyd q f uD kd wkid wf ,f?
Ekid if H qpf'eDòrdŒwGif ,ae@ usi;f y okH;avmif;òydif vlowfr_jzpfyGm; tJawmh aom=umae@nrSm ykvyd f
ðyvkyfcJhonf? cJ+h yD; jypfru _ sL;vGeo f u l dk a'oqdik f awGu tdrfukd0if+yD; oGm;=unfh
tcrf ; tem;uk d =op &m&Jrsm;u ppfaq;pkHprf;v#uf&Sd vk d u f a wmh ol @ rd e f ; raum/ ol @
a=w;vsm;a&muf u&iftrsK;d om; a=umif; od&onf? uav;aum tukev f ;Hk towfcH
tzGŒJ (atautk)d u }uD;rSL;usi;f aoqk H ; ol r sm;onf &wmyg? ol@rdef;rrSm ukd,f0ef&Sd
yjcif;jzpf+yD; &Spfav;vkH;ausmif; jrefrmjynfrS u&if'kuQonfwpf w,f”[k qufvufajymqko d nf?
om;rsm;/ Ekid if jH cm;om;rsm;ESihf =op OD;jzpf+yD; trsKd;om;rSm Crown aoqk H ; ol r sm;onf
a=w;vsm;a&muf u&ifwkdif;&if; Shred & Recycling Company REGINA òrd Œ / Oakview Drive
om;rsm; tygt0if y&d \ wf wGif 2ESpcf ef@ tvkyv f yk af eoljzpf tdrfa*[mwGif aexkdifoljzpf+yD;
150 ausmf wufa&mufc=hJ uonf a=umif; ‚if;ukr% ` rD S }uD;=uyfa&; td r f & S i f t rsKd ; om;rS m tjyif r
[k od&onf? rSL; Jack Shawu xkòd rdŒ&Sd Leader xGucf if ‚if;wk@d . aetdrw f cH g;ukd
apmbOD;}uD;. rlav; Post owif;Xmeukd ajymjyonf? taotcsmydwu f m tjyefjyefppf
csuft& trsKd;om;a&;/ EkdifiHa&; =opa=w;vsm; u&iftmZmenfae@ tcrf;tem;wGif atautdk OuUX apmvGifOD;rS rdef@cGef;ajymqdkaepOf olu “'Dvlu u&if aq;+yD;rS oGm;avh&adS =umif;ESihf ‚if;
omwlnDr#zkd@/ ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh 'kuQonfav? olu cifzkd@vnf; wkd@wGif wpkHw&mukd umuG,f&
&&Sda&;/ 'Drkdua&pDeJ@ vl@tcGifht etz&JŒ a&G;aumufyGJ[m wkdif; rSeu f efw,f? w&m;w,f? u&ifh wrsKd;om;vkH;u tmZmenfae@ aumif ; ovk d tvk y f ó ud ; pm;ol rnfh pkd;&drfp&m ta=umif;t&m
a&; xGef;um;a&;ESifh tem*wf &if;om;awG tygt0if jrefrm awmfveS af &;[m w&m;wJh awmf tjzpf owfrSwfcJh=uonf? vnf;[kww f ,f? olu tvkyrf mS &SEd idk af =umif; trnfrazmfvo dk nfh
z,f ' &,f j ynf e ,f a ygif ; pk ay: jynf o l j ynf o m;awG t m;vk H ; t vS e f a &;jzpf w J h t wG u f b,f qpf'eDòrdŒwGif 1996 rS cGifhwpfywf,lxm;+yD; t*F gae@rSm tdref ;D csi;f trsK;d orD;u &Judk ajym
aygufa&;wkd@twGuf &nf&G,fI wGuf tusK;d w&m;awG azmfaqmif avmuf tcuftcJ&ydS gap? wae@ pI u&ift h mZmenfae@ tcrf;t tvkyjf yefqif;wm rawGŒbl;? 'ge@J onf?
u&iftmZmenfae@ukd usif;y& vmrSm r[kwaf wmh 'Da&G;aumuf atmifjrif&r,f? apmbOD;}uD;&JŒ em;ukd ESppf Of usi;f yvmcJ&h m ,ck ol@ukd tvkyfjyef0ifzkd@ qufoG,f apmt,f'kd0g;u “us
jcif;jzpfa=umif; e,l;aqmhofa0; yG&J ŒJ &v'fudk Ekid if w H umu tod rdef@rSmcsufu 'DawmfvSefa&;[m ESpfwGif 14}udrfajrmuf&Sd+yD; =op ayrJh r&bl;? tckvdk rxifrw S bf J aemf od&oavmufu olw@dk omG ;
jynfe,f atautkd OuUX ref; trSwfrðyzkd@ ajymcsifygw,f”[k u&ifo h rkid ;f rSm yxrqk;H t}udref @J a=w;vsm; qpf'eDòrdŒa&muf u&if jzpfoGm;vdrfhr,fvkd@vnf; rxif aewJòh rdŒu u&ifvrl sK;d awG r&Sb d ;l ?
atmfvef;'kdu ajymonf? qufvufajymqkdcJhonf? aemufqkH;t}udrf jzpf&r,f”[k rsm;. ausmif;ydwf&uf/ ±kH;ydwf xm;rdbl;? olu vlaumif;wpf rsm;aomtm;jzifh EkdifiHjcm;om;
atautkd A[kd OuUX tcrf;tem; tpDtpOf ref;atmfvef;'ku d tm;ay;pum; &ufjzpfonfh ,ae@ro S m usi;f ycJh a,mufyg?”[k ajymonf? awGeJ@ vlrnf;awGyJ rsm;w,fvkd@
apmvGifOD;u tmZmenfae@ jzpf t& u&ift h rsK;d om;tvHudk wpf ajym=um;cJhonf? =ujcif;jzpfonf? tdref ;D csi;f wpfO;D u towf uae'gu oli,fcsi;f awGu ajym
ay:vmykt H a=umif; &Si;f vif;ajym 0ufcs+yD; tvHawmfEiS hf usq;Hk oGm; xkdtcrf;tem;ukd tvm;wl rJvfbkrf;òrdŒ cH&olrsm;. tdrrf S tykyef @H q;dk qk;d jyw,f? aemuf+yD; olw@kd u usef
=um;&mwGif “aumhu&dwòf rdŒe,f cJo h nfh tmZmenfrsm;ukd tav; wufa&mufco hJ l apmvm;bG,u f wGif tmZmenfae@jzpfonfh =o xGuf&SdvmonfhtwGuf &Jukdwkdif wJ h u&if v l r sKd ; awG e J @ vnf ; t
xk@d aumfu;dk aus;&GmrS apmbOD;}uD; ðyjcif;/ =o0g'pum; ajym=um;jcif;/ “'D v k d a e@rsKd ; awG a &muf w k d i f ; *k w f v 12&uf a e@uwnf ; u =um;&mrS +yD;cJo h nfh aom=umae@ quftoG,frvkyfawmh tvSrf;
eJ@ Akv d cf sKyfpidk ;f auwk@d 1950 ckEpS /f 'k;H tu/ aw;oDcsi;f rsm;jzifh u&if usaemfw@dk u&ifvrl sK;d awGtwGuf usif;yðyvkyfcJh+yD; t*FvefEkdifiH wGif oGm;a&muf=unf±h &_ m ‚if;wk@d a0;wmaygh?”[k qkdonf?
=o*kwv f (12)&ufae@u usq;Hk cJh vli,frsm;u azsmaf jzjcif;ESihf au|; t±k;d a=ua=u t&nfcrf;crf; ouf &SzD;vfòrdŒYvnf; ,ae@ae@vnf ukd "m;'%f&mrsm;jzifh aoqkH;ae ,if;ok@d jzpfymG ;r_tay:
wJhae@ukd u&ifhtmZmenfae@vkd@ arG;{nfch jH cif;rsm; ðyvkycf =hJ uonf? pGe@f óud;yrf;oGm;=uwJh acgi;f aqmif wGif u&ifvrl t _ zGŒJ tpnf;a&;&m a=umif; awGŒ&Sd +yD; vlowfr_ ay: rJaqmufòrdŒ&Sd apmaeaumfr;l . nD
owfrw S w f ,f? (61)ESpaf usm=f um “usaemfw@dk tmZmenf }uD;rsm;/ &Jabmfrsm;ukd trSw&f ae (KCA-UK)u usi;f ycJ=h uonf aygufoGm;jcif;jzpfonf? tpfukd w0rf;uGJawmfolu “ol
u&if h a wmf v S e f a &;[m usOf ; awG[m u&ifvlrsKd;vGwfajrmuf rdygw,f? olwkd@awG wm0efaus [k od&onf? xkt d r_udk ppfaq;aeqJ wkd@rdom;pk 'Dvkdvkyf}uHcH&w,f
ajrmif;wJh rsKd;cspfpdwf"mwfukd t a&; toufpeG @f +yD;awmh wku d yf 0JG if oGm;=uovkd igwkd@vnf; wm0ef u&ifjynfe,ftwGif; jzpfonfh REGINA &Jrsm;u ao =um;awmh usaemfvnf; pdwfr
ajccHwm r[kwfbl;? ukd,fykdifjy cJhw,f? apmbOD;}uD;ukd yifv,f auszkd@vkdw,fqkdwJh owday;r_ &Sd autJe, f l xde;f csKyf&m e,fajr qkH;olrsm;onf rnfolrnf0gjzpf aumif;jzpfwm trSefyJ? bmjzpf
Xmef ; cG i f h t wG u f +id r f ; csrf ; pG m xJoGm;csawmhr,fhae@rSm usaemf awGu &ifx/J ESv;Hk om;xJudk tm; rsm;wGif autJet f ,fvaf t wyf a=umif ; rajymEk d i f a omf v nf ; vk@d vnf;qkad wmh olw@dk u Ekid if jH cm;
awmif;qk&d if; zqyv tpk;d &wyf wk@d jrpf0u|e;f ay:rSm v_id ;f awG/av rmefopfawG jzpfay:apw,f?”[k r[m/ wyf&if;rsm;u ‚if;wk@d e,f ‚if;wkd@onf xkdif;-jrefrme,fpyf a&mufaeayrJh 'DbufrmS usecf w hJ hJ
u u&ifvlrsKd;awGukd vufeuf awG}uD;+yD; ajrivsifvnf; v_yf autkid pf u D kd ajymonf? ajrtoD;oD;wGif u&ift h mZmenf r,fvtl;'kuQonfpcef;rS 2008 rdom;pkudk wwfEidk o f avmuf jyef
ukid v f rf;pOfa&mufatmif wGe;f yk@d chJ w,f? bk&m;ausmif;wkdif; acgif; u&iftrsKd;om;acgif; ae@ukd usi;f yðyvkycf +hJ yD; jzpfonf? ckEpS w f iG f uae'gEidk if o H @dk xGucf mG +yD ; ul n D w ,f a v? 'D v k d j zpf w m
jcif;omjzpfw,f”[k qkdonf? avmif;awG xkd;=ueJ@aygh? u&if aqmif apmbOD;}uD;/ Akv d cf sKyfpidk ;f Ô oG m ;=uonf h apmaeaumf r l ; aqG r sKd ; wpf a ,muf t aeeJ @ w
36ESpf/ ZeD; aemfarmf 23ESpfESifh u,fpw d rf aumif;bl;? 0rf;enf;rd
r#pfcsKd;&if; rki
d ;f xdI jynfor
l sm; 'kuw
dQ jzpf om;i,f apmqJAif;*sL; 3ESpfwkd@
jzpf=uonf[k xko d rl sm;ESihf &if;ES;D
wmtrSefyJ?”[k ajymonf?
,cktcsdefwGif aoqkH;
cJholwpfOD; jzpfonfh apmt,f'kd ol r sm;. tavmif ; rsm;uk d
=o*kwfv 16&uf? (autkdifpD) a,muf r#pfcsKd;&if; rkdif;xdjyef+yD? 47ES p f t &G , f OD ; 0if ; armif q k d o l ckvdk rkid ;f xdawmh pdwrf aumif;bl;”
0g;u ajymonf? REGINA òrdŒrS &Jrsm;u pkp H rf;ppf
jr0wDòrdŒ/ arwWmvif; ra0a0vGif 14ESpw f ?hJ b,fzuf';l vnf; r#pfcsKd;oGm;&if; rkdif;xdrSef [k ukefonftrsKd;orD;wpfOD;u
“apmaeaumf r l ; u aq;aeqJjzpf+yD; reufjzefwiG f u
òrd i f & yf u G u f r S t&yf o m;tcsKd Œ atmufu jywfxGufoGm;w,f” um jr0wDaq;±kw H iG f nmzufajc ajymonf?
e,fpyfrSmwkef;u usaemfeJ@ t ae'ga&muf u&ifvlr_tokdif;t
onf ,ck&ufykdif;twGif; r#pfcsKd; [k ,refae@u autkid pf u D dk ajym axmuf jzwfypfvu dk &f onf? ‚if; t&yf o m;rsm; eif ; rd
&rf;cifw,f? olwkd@ukd Ak'<[l;ae@ 0kdif;xH tyfESHum ‚if;wkd@twGuf
oGm;&mY rkid ;f eif;rd+yD; ajcaxmuf onf? rkdif;xdvlemukdrl jr0wDòrdŒ/ c&u onfh tqkdygrkdif;rsm;rSm rnfol@
rSm "m;eJ@x;dk +yD; oGm;vky}f uHw,f 0wfðyqkawmmif;um oò*õvo f mG ;
rsm; jzwfawmufvu dk &f onfh t ‚if;&yfuu G w f iG f vufvyk f OuUX OD;xGef;xGef;0if;u oGm; rkdif;AkH;jzpfonfudk rnfhonfhtm
vkd@ od&w,f? jzpfjzpfcsif;awmh rnf[k od&onf? Ô
ajctaeESifh &ifqkdifae&onf[k vufpm;ESifh ae@pm;vkyfukdifonfh a&mufawGŒqkHum vufaqmif %mykid u f rS a0zefajymqkjd cif;r&S[ d k
autkdifpDu pkHprf;od&Sd&onf? omrefjynfoo l m trsm;pkaexkid f ypPnf;rsm;ay;cJha=umif; aq;±kHESifh òrdŒcHrsm;u ajymonf? ,ckvqef;
xku d pd EP iS yhf wfoufI jr0 =u+yD; ,ckvdk rkd;&moD r#pfxGuf eD;pyfolrsm;u ajymonf? ykdif;uvnf; arwWmvif;òrdif&yf
wDòrdŒcHwpfO;D u “'D&ufyidk ;f rSm ar onft h csed wf iG rf #prf sm;oGm;a&muf “wpfae@vyk rf S wpfae@ uGuw f iG f aexkid o f w l pfO;D tvm;
wWmvif;òrdi&f yfuu G u f vlawG r#pf csKd;,lum jr0wDòrdŒtwGif; jyef pm;&olawG tJvdk 'kujQ zpfwm t wl r#pcf sK;d &if; rkid ;f eif;rdum ajcESpf csp=f unfa&;wHwm;ESihf w&m;r0if tygt0if vufvkyfvufpm; t
oGm;csKd;&if; rkdif;eif;rd=uwm t vnfa&mif;cs=uonf[o k &d onf? &rf;qk;d w,f? olw@dk rmS vnf; oGm; zufpvkH; jzwfawmufcJh&onf? *dwfrsm;ukd ,cifv 18&ufae@ &yfom;rsm;rSm pm;0wfaea&; cuf
awmfrsm;w,f? 'Dae@reuf 10em +yD;cJo
h nfh 12&ufae@u csK;d vmwJh r#paf wGudk ðywf+yD; jr0 jref r mppf t pk d ; &onf uwnf;u ,cktcsdefxd ydwfyif cJ=uyfwnf;v#uf&Sdonf?
&DcGJrSmvnf;yJ trsKd;orD;i,fwpf vnf; tqkdyg&yfuGufrS touf wDòrdŒaps;xJrSm jyefa&mif;&wm? jr0wD - rJ a qmuf o G m ;vmonf h xm;v#uf&Sdojzifh ukefonfrsm; Ô

u&ifowif;pOf/ -o*kwfv/ 2010 ckESpf? pmrsufESm 4


xki
d ;f Eki
d i
f &
H dS òrdi}f uD;ilq&mawmf arG;ae@ y&d\wf e,fpyf&dS
2˜000ausmf vma&muf w&m;r0if*w d rf sm;rS
=o*kwv f 13&uf? awmf}uD;ausmif;cGJ (12)ausmif;rS eu xyfrHqkawmif;arwWmydk@o òrdif}uD;ilq&mawmf OD; ukey f pPn;f rsm;ukd
aemfjzLjzLoif; (autkid pf )D u&ifoHCmawmf 19yg;ESihf xdkif; um w&m;awmfrsm; a[m=um; okZeonf tqkwfa&m*gESihf t
òrd i f } uD ; il q &mawmf oHCmawmf (9)yg;wdk@ ºuGa&muf jcif;ESifh vlxk y&dw\ f wfrsm;rS q pmtdrfa&m*g a0'ema=umihf bef &Si;f vif;xm;&ef
OD;okZe. oufawmf (63)jynfh vmcJh=uonfhtjyif jrefrmppft &mawmftm; vSLzG,fypPnf;ESihf aumufòrdŒ/ plu0l pf (Sukuvit)
arG;ae@r*FvmyGu J dk xkid ;f Ekid if /H zwf pdk;&. udk,fpm;vS,ftcsdK@vnf; 0wWKypPnf;rsm; uyfvSLcJha=umif; vrf;r}uD;&Sd bef&eG &f aq;±kw H iG f +yD; n$e=f um;cH&
x,mc±kdif c|efyl&DòrdŒe,f&Sd plcg0 vma&mufcJh=uonf[k arG;ae@yGJ od&onf? cJhonfh azaz:0g&Dv (10)&ufae@
wDtdrfawmf&mwGif ,refae@u wufa&mufcJhol u&iftrsKd;om; “'DarG;ae@yGJudk vmwJh u ,cktcsed x f d aq;ukor_ cH,l =o*kwfv 10&uf? w&m;r0if*dwfrS ukef
xyfrHðyvkyfcJh&m u&ifa&$Œajymif; wpfO;D u ajymqdo k nf? y&dw\ f wfu tvSLaiGawG uyf aeonfrmS 6 vausm+f yD azazmf apmodef;jrifh (autkdifpD) ypPn;f wifoiG ;f aeonfh ukeo f nf
tvkyform; vly&d\wfaygif; “òrd i f } uD ; il q &mawmf wmtrsm;}uD;yJ? +yD;awmh tJ'h aD e@ 0g&Dv (10)&ufae@u ,cktcsdef xkdif;-jrefrme,fpyf jr wpfOD;u “ajymwmu 'Dv 15
2˜000ausmf vma&mufc=hJ uonf arG;ae@ukd q&mawmf&ŒJ ausmif;cGJ uvnf; tvkyfem;&ufjzpfw,f/ xd aq;ukor_ cH,al eonfrmS 6 0wDòrdŒ jrefrmbufjcrf;&Sd w&m;r &ufae@aemufqkH; ypPnf;awGudk
[k od&onf? 12ausmif;u oHCm 19yg;eJ@ xdik ;f oGm;zdk@udkvnf; olaX;u cGihfðy vausmf+yDjzpfonf? 0if*dwfrsm;rS ukefypPnf;rsm;udk tukef&Sif;ckdif;w,fayghaemf? usr
q&mawmfonf Zlvkdif oHCm 9yg;vnf; ºuGa&mufvm w,f a v? 'D E S p f r S wd k u f q d k i f + yD ; q&mawmf OD ; ok Z e ,ckv (15)&ufae@ aemufqkH; wk@d uvnf; 'Dwpf&ufEpS &f uf t
v (29)&ufae@wGif usa&muf w,fav? xl;jcm;wmu jrefrm usef;rma&;t& vma&mufaq; onf u&ifjynfe,f&t dS iftm;t xm;I tukef&Sif;vif;xm;&rnf awmtwGi;f rSm tuke&f iS ;f xkw&f
onfh ‚if;. arG;ae@yu JG dk u&ifjynf ppftpdk;&&J@ oH±kH;udk,fpm;vS,f ukor_c, H al e&if;eJ@ wdu k q
f ikd o
f mG ; }uD;qHk; typf&yftzGJ@jzpfonfh 'D jzpfa=umif; oufqidk &f m jr0wDòrdŒ rSmaygh? r[kwf&if b,favmuf
e,f/ zm;tHòrdŒe,f&dS òrdi}f uD;il t (2)OD;/ ppfbufqdkif&m t&m&Sd OD; w,f? vmwJh y&dw\ f wfawGxJ aubDat. em,u q&mawmf &Sd ppftpk;d & tm%mykid rf sm;u *dwf txd wif;=uyfvmrvJawmh usr
xl;a'owGif jyefvnfusif;ycJh+yD; 0if;armifEiS fh ZeD;a': jrihcf ikd Ef iS fh a&$ rSm olaX;&JŒ wynfhawGqdk t }uD;jzpf+yD; etz ppftpd;k &. e,f wm0efcrH sm;ukd ,ae@ajymqkv d u dk f wk@d rod&ao;bl;aygah emf”[k au
jzpfaomfvnf; olaX; a'gufwm oHviG u f rk %
` rD S ud, k pf m;vS,f 1OD; a,muf 500 avmufygw,f”[k jcm;apmihw f yftoGiaf jymif;jcif;udk onf[k od&Sd&onf? tkid pf u D kd ajymonf?
yifnmc|wfxd0rf;u ‚if;roGm; wdk@vnf; arG;ae@yGJudk vma&muf autdik pf u D kd ajymonf? vufrcH[k eD;pyfolrsm;u ajym trnfrazmfvo dk l *dwf jrefrmjynfbufjcrf;rS
a&mufEkdifcJhonfukd xyfrHðyvkyf csD;jr‡ihfcJhonf[k od&onf? xdkif;EdkifiH/ zwfx,m qdak e=uovdk 2009ckEpS /f atmuf rSL;wpfO;D u “'Dae@jr0wDrmS p&z ESpEf idk if H csp=f unfa&;wHwm;. t
ay;onfhtaejzifh ukefuscHum tpD t pOf t & a'guf a'owGif jrefrma&GŒajymif;tvkyf wd k b mv 15&uf a e@uvnf ; (ppfzufa&;&m vkHòcHa&;wyfzGJŒ)u xufyidk ;f ESihf atmufyidk ;f wGif 'Dau
aqmif&u G af y;jcif;jzpfonf[k arG; wm yifnc|wx f 0d rf;u bk&m;rD; orm;ES p f a omif ; ausmf oG m ; u&iftrsK;d om;tpnf;t±k;H (au *dwfu wm0ef&SdolawGukd z&z bDatESihf u&if+ird ;f csr;f a&; aumif
ae@yJG oGm;a&mufchJol q&mawmf xGe;f 0wfðyum xdik ;f bk&if rdz&k m; a&muftvkyfvkyfudkif+yD; trsm; tJe, f )l acgi;f aqmiftcsK@d EiS fh awG@ *d w f r S m ac:awG Œ w,f ? *d w f r S m pDponfh typf&yfwyfzŒJG rsm;rS zGihf
. 'g,u d mwpfO;D u autkid pf u D dk }uD;twGuf arG;ae@qkawmif;ay; tm;jzihf puf±/Hk tvky±f EHk iS fh tdrt f qHkcJhonf[kvnf; owif;rsm;u usef a eao;wJ h uk e f y pP n f ; awG vSpfxm;aom w&m;r0if *dwf
,ckvdk ajymonf? jcif;/ arG;ae@&Sif q&mawmf OD;okZ vkyfrsm; vkyfudkif=uonf? azmfjy=uonf? Ô aum/ aemufxyf0ifvmr,fh ukef aygi;f 30eD;yg;&S+d yD; wHwm;rydwcf if
“'D o l a X;taeeJ @ u ypPnf;topfawGukdyg &Sif;xm; tcsdefuyif jrefrmEkdifiHokd@ wif
jrefrmjynfrSm q&mawmf arG;ae@ xkdif;EkdifiH&Sd òrdif}uD;ilq&mawmf arG;ae@yGJ usif;yðyvkyf ck d i f ; w,f ? r&S i f ; xm;&if epu oGif;aecJhonfh xkdif;EkdifiHrS ukefy
yGvJ yk w
f mudk roGm;Ekid /f roGm;tm; (e,fpyfukefoG,fa&;)u tukef pPnf;trsm;pkrSm ‚if;*dwfrsm;rSyif
cJhbl;av? ol@taeeJ@ q&mawmf odr;f ypfr,fv@dk ajymw,f”[k qkd 0ifa&mufaecJhjcif;jzpfonf?
ukd =unfnKd wmvnf; ygw,f? +yD; onf? +yD ; cJ h o nf h Zl v k d i f v
awmh q&mawmfarG;ae@yGJudk oD; ,if;okd@ ac:,lawGŒqkH qef;ykdif;rS pwifum jr0wDc±kdif
oef@vkyfay;r,fqkd+yD;awmh uwd &mwGif ukeyf pPn;f &Si;f a&;udprP sm; tm%mykdifrsm;u ta=umif;jy
ay;xm;w,fav? 'ga=umihf tck t jyif e,fpyfukefoG,fa&;u csuf wpkHw&mray;bJ cspf=unf
vdk zwfx,mu ol@&J@ plcg0wD ‚if;*dwrf sm;ukd ,ckv 15&ufae@ a&; wHwm;ukd tenf;qk;H 4}udrf
td r f a wmf } uD ; rS m }uD ; }uD ; us,f wGif tykdifodrf;,loGm;rnfjzpf+yD; cef@ zGifhvkdufydwfvkduf ðyvkyfcJh
us,f xyf+yD;usif;yay;oGm;wm *dwfwm0efcHrsm;taejzifhvnf; +yD;aemuf Zlvidk v f (18)&ufrpS I
jzpfw,f? rae@uvnf; xdik ;f bk&if vufeufuidk af qmifciG hf r&So d nft h jrefrmppftpkd;&bufrS ,ae@t
rdbk&m;&J@ arG;ae@vnf;jzpfw,f jyif rdrdwkd@. tzGJŒtpnf; ,leD f d wHwm;udk ydwx
csed x f m;cJoh nf?
av”[k ajymw,f? azmif;ukd 0wfqifciG rhf &Sb d J t&yf xk d i f ; -jref r me,f p yf
q&mawmf. arG;ae@yGJ 0wfjzifo h m *dwaf pmifch idk ;f a=umif; ukefoG,fa&;vrf;a=umif; wpf
tpDtpOfukd reuf 10em&DrS rGe;f vnf; ‚if;u qufajymonf? av#mufwiG f ukepf nfp;D qif;r_ t
vGJ 1em&Dxd usi;f yðyvkycf &hJ m q “'Dvjkd zpfr,fqw dk m od rsm;qk;H jzpfonfh rJaqmuf-jr0wD
&mawmf. zdwfac:r_jzihf u&if xm;+yD;om;yJ? 'ga=umifh usaemf ukefoG,fa&;vrf;a=umrSwqifh
jynfe,ftwGif;&Sd òrdif}uD;il bkef; wk@d u 'Drh wkid cf ifu *dwaf pmifw h idk ;f jrefrmbufokd@ vpOf vlokH;ukef/
,l e D a zmif ; ud k tjynf h 0 wf x m; pm;ok;H ukeyf pPn;f bwfoef; av;
w,f? aemufqdk r0wf&awmhb;l axmifcef@ w&m;0if wify@dk v#u&f dS
befaumufòrdŒ bk&ify h ef;+cHwi
G f jrefrmjynfom;tcsif;csif; av”[k 'DaubDat *dwrf LS ;wpf onf[k e,fpyfukefonf}uD;rsm;
OD;u ajymonf? . ajymqkcd surf sm;t& od&onf?
"g;xk;d r_jzpfymG ;
=o*kwv f 13&uf? puf±rHk sm;ydw+f yD; tvkyo f rm;rsm; csi;f awGe@J bk&ifyh ef;+crH mS oGm;vnf vkdufvnf&if; ol@oli,fcsif;w
eef;xl;pH (autkdifpD) ukd vGwfvyfpGm em;cGifhay;onfh r,fv@dk ol@tarqDrmS cGiahf wmif; a,muf u t&uf e H @ &w,f v k d @ "g;xkd;r_ usL;vGefonfh aomfvnf;tvkyv f yk u f idk cf iG v
hf uf
xk d i f ; bk & if rd z k & m;. ,refae@ reufyidk ;f 10em&Dausmf +yD;awmh oGm;wm? "g;xkd;r_jzpf+yD; ajymrdw,f? jzwfav#mufvmwJh vli,fwpfpkonf tcif;jzpf+yD;+yD; rSwu f idk af qmifxm;ol jzpfonf?
arG;ae@jzpfonfh ,refae@ =o*kwf cef@tcsed wf iG f wr&Geaf &mhaumuf aq;±kHa&mufrS ol@oli,fcsif;awG [k d v l i ,f w zG J Œ u t&uf r l ; ae csif; xGufajy;oGm;onfhtwGuf xk d i f ; Ek d i f i H t wG i f ;
v 12&ufae@u xkdif;EkdifiH/ bef bk&ifyh ef;+cHo@dk tvnftywfomG ; u ol@tarqD zke;f qufvmrS od& awmh rauseyfb;l ? tJ'rD mS p+yD; p yef ; +cH t wG i f ; xk d i f ; &J r sm; vm a&muf&Sdtvkyfvkyfonfh vli,f
aumufòrdŒ&Sd wr&Gefa&mhaumuf onfh u&ifvil ,fEpS pf u k tcsi;f wm? q&m0efawGu cGpJ yd &f r,fv@dk um;rsm;=uwm/ xkd;r,f/ bmnm a&mufppfaq;csdefwGif xkdvli,f rsm;onf rdbtkyfxdef;olrsm;ESifh
bk&ifhyef;+cHwGif jrefrma&$Œajymif; rsm;=u&mrS vli,fwpfO;D "g;xk;d cH ajymw,f? tck cGpJ yd +f yD;+yD aq;±kH ayg?h ajr;av;u =um;rSm oGm;+yD; rsm;ukd zrf;qD;Ekdifjcif;r&SdbJ vGef a0;uGmvmonft h wGuf oGeo f if
tvkyo f rm;rsm; tcsi;f csi;f cku d f &um 0rf;Aku d w f iG f '%f&mtjyif; rSmyJ ol@tareJ@ pk;d &drpf &mr&Sad wmh awmh oli,fcsi;f wk@d 'Dvrdk vky=f u ajrmufoGm;cJhonf[k od&onf? qkH;rr_ uif;rJhum tusifhpm&dwW
&efjzpfymG ;&mrS "g;xk;d r_jzpfum vl txef &&S+d yD; befaumufòrdŒ&Sd prkd bl;vk@d ajymayrJh vlu jzLzwfjzL eJ@ oGm;ajymwm? [kzd ufu vli,f "g;xk;d cH&onfh touf ysufjym;=u+yD; ,ckvkd &mZ0wfr_
i,fwOD; '%f&mtjyif;txef &&Sd y&uefaq;±kw H iG f cGpJ yd u
f o k r_ cH,l a&mf jzpfomG ;wmyJ”[k ajymonf? wa,mufu "g;ajr‡mifxkwf+yD; 18ESpft&G,f&Sd apmatmifrif;OD; rsm; usL;vGefavh&Sdonf[k bef
cJ+h yD; cGpJ yd u
f o
k r_ cH,al e&a=umif; ae&jcif;jzpfonf[k xkdvli,f. "g;xkd;r_jzpfpOfESifhywf ol@udk xk;d wmyJw?hJ 0rf;Aku
d rf mS "g; onf u&ifjynfe,fvid_ ;f bJòG rdŒe,f aumuftajcpkduf ta0;a&muf
eD;pyf&m aqGrsK;d rsm;. ajymjycsuf tbGm;u ajymonf? oufI olru ,ckvkd jyefvnf '%f&mwcsuf xdomG ;w,f? tJ'D wGif aexkid +f yD;+yD;cJo
h nfEh pS u f bef u&ifvrl u _ n
l aD &;tzGŒJ OKRSO
t& od&onf? olru “rae@u em; ajymjyonf? “ajr;av;u ol@ol vli,fwpku 'kH&if;e,fuyJwJh” aumufòrdŒwGif rdcifjzpfoEl iS t hf wl rS pqdef@yavmifu okH;oyfajym
xkdif;EkdifiH&Sd tvkyf±kH/ &Guaf v? usr ajr;av;u oli,f i,fcsi;f av;ig;a,mufe@J yef;+cHxJ [k ajymqko d nf? tvkyfvkyf&ef a&muf&Sdvmoljzpf qkod nf? Ô

u&ifowif;pOf/ -o*kwfv/ 2010 ckESpf? pmrsufESm 5


(9) &ESifh E_dif;,SOfum ppfòydiftpkd;&zGJ@

aoewfoaH wG jum;ygp (3)


a&;rS m aemuf u soG m ;+yD j zpf
a=umif; ajymqkdol&Sdovkd pifòydif
u|ef b0wG if rnforl # rae
vkd=u? okd@&mwGif ppf tpkd;&zGJ@rnfh tpDtpOfrSm apm
tkyfpk. zdESdyfcsKyfukdif M. xufacgif vGe;f ao;onf[k qko d al wGvnf;
apmfum;r_rsm;ukd wae@wjcm; qk;d &Sdaeonf?    
0g;pGm óuHawG@vm&aom jynfol wu,fawmh ppftyk pf k
trsm;tjym;rSm wacwfwcgu . 2008 zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyHk tajccH
vnf;aumif;/ Armjynfwjynfv;Hk zG,f&m =um;od=u&onf? a&;udpzP pd ;D r_rsm;a=umifh wyfwiG ;f rsm;&Sd t=urf;zuform; olyek t f
Armjynfukd u|efðytkyfpkd;oGm;=u Oya'ESifh 2010 a&G;aumufyGJwkd@
u|efðycsKyfukdif apmfum;vkdaom usm;+rD;ukd qGv J u dk +f yDqdk rS vlrsm;rSm wkid ;f jynfvx l . k rke;f zGJ@tpnf;rsm;. vkyf&yfom jzpf
onfh e,fcsŒJ wk@d vufatmufrmS ukd oydwaf rSmuf qef@usiaf e±krH #
ppftkyfpktwGufrSmrl xkda0g[m& v#if xku d sm;raobJ v$w&f ef t wD;òidjiifru _ cdk +H yD; ppftyk pf t k óuduf onf? oabmxm;jynf0h aom t
yif jyefvnfaexkid v f pdk w
d rf sm; ay: jzifh r+yD;? rJray;bJ ae±kjH zifv h nf;
rsm;rSm jyuf&,fðyp&m taygpm; a=umif;r&S?d acsmah jym ajcmufajym toufpGef@I qufvufwm0ef pkd;&w&yf. vkyf&yfr[kwfbJ ±_H;
vma=umif; =um;od&onf? Arm t&Sufuif;rJhpGm ajymifvdrfajymif
pum;vkH;rsm;omjzpfae.? trsKd; wmawGukdvnf; r_aep&m rvkd? xrf;aqmif&ef qENr&Sd=uawmh edrfholwkd@. aoG;±l;aoG;wef;vkyf
jynfom;csif; tn‡mwmuif;pGm pm;vk y f w wf o nf h ppf t k y f p k u k d
om;csi;f  wef;wlnrD #a&;udpt P ay: tnHrh cH tvHrvSaJ om rdrw d @dk ,kH acs? xkd@a=umifhyif wyf&if;vkduf &yfjzpfavonf?
vk , uf o wf j zwf tk y f c sKyf a e rnfo@dk r# xdcu dk af pEkid v
f rd rhf nf r
+idr;f csr;f pGm rajz&Si;f vkb
d J tm%m =unfcsuftay:rSm ckdifrmpGm &yf E_wx f u G pf mwifrr_ sm;/ xGuaf jy;r_ &GmteD; wku d yf wJG yGjJ zpf
aom ppf"m;jytkypf v k ufatmuf [kwf? 2008/ 2010 wkd@rSm ppf
ukd tvGo J ;Hk pm;vkyvf #uf ppfwyf wnfvsuf trsKd;om;xk. tE W rsm; ay:aygufvmjcif;jzpfonf? v#if &efou l ‚if;wk@d epfemqk;H ±_;H r_
ppfu|efb0wGif ae&onfxuf tkyfpk. zefwD;r_vuf&mrsm;om
tm;ukd; vuf0g;}uD;tkyfvkdaom &m,fudk z,f&mS ;&Si;f vif;Ekid zf @dk vkd ppftyk pf . k wyfwiG ;f Y qufvuf rsm;twGuf &Gmvlxu k rdk =J uonf?
e,fcsJŒvufatmuf ol@u|efb0 jzpfonf? xkdvuf&mawGukd OD;
zufqpf0g'D ppftyk pf t k m; ‚if;wk@d onf? jynfolonf trSefw&m; aeaysm=f urnfo h rl sm;rSm ppftyk pf k olykefESifh tquftoG,f&Sdonf
ukd vkv d vdk m;vm; awmifw h ar#mf wnfacszsufvkdufonfhwkdif ppf
vkdvm;onfh vufeufukdifenf; bufY &Sdaernfqkdonfukdrl ,kH au|;or# t±kd;t&if;0g;um/ vl [k pGypf /JG olyek f vmwku d rf nfu h pd P
vifhae=uolawGvnf; tawmf tkyfpku aemufxyfvuf&mopf
vrf;jzifh wkH@jyefjcif;avmuf rSef rSm;oHo,jzpfzG,fr&Sd? xktay: tEkid u f sihf ESyd pf ufwwf rd r d w k d @ uk d tod t ay;&aumif ;
yif&Sdaeonf? rsm; xyfqifhzefwD;Ekdifao;onf?
uefjrwfw&m;aom vkyf&yfr&Sd? ppftkyfpkonf ‚if;wkd@ aomolrsm;om jzpfayvdrfhrnf? vm;[k jypfwif}udrf;armif;/ ro
Toabmxm;rSm w ArmwjynfvkH; u|efZmwfoGif;
vkyef nf;vky[ f eftwkid ;f e,fjcm; awmfveS af &;e,fajrESihf uFmolrsm;[k acgif;pOfwyfvsuf
wkdif;jynfvkH; c|wfòcHusonfhwkdif a&; jy\emtaxGaxGudk zefw;D
(10) apmif h t jzpf u k d vuf c H t oG i f eD;aom òrdŒe,faus;&Gmrsm;wGif vl ac:,lppfaq;/ ESdyfpuf/ pum;t
t"rRcsKyfukdif cs,fvS,fpkd;rkd;ae aeonfh ppftkyfpktm; wkduf±kduf
,ckvrsm;twGif; ay: ajymif;vku d of nfh 'DaubDatwyf xkonf &efolukd tvGefyif rkef; ajymtqkdrwwfv#if owfjzwf/
aom ppftyk pf u k dk vufrcHcsipf w d f qef@usifwkdufckduf &Sif;vif;jcif;
xGuv f maom aoewforH sm;rSm rsm;ukd wGef;tm;ay;ckdif;apvsuf wD;ae.? &efoltay: emusnf; aoqk;H oGm;onfh ‚if;wk@d bufom;
qef @ usif v k d pd w fr sm;&S d a eaomf onfom +yD;jywfajyvnfrnfh 'Drdk
e0w. 2010 a&G;aumufyGJtpD oabmxm;t,ltq rwl=uol rkef;wD;aeonfhtavsmuf &efol wyfrSL;wyfom;rsm;twGuf t
vnf; ppftkyfpkESifh E_dif;pmv#if ua&pDvrf;a=umif;ay:ok@d a&muf
tpOfESifh wkduf±kdufqufpyf ywf u&ifu&ifcsi;f uk d jyefvnfwu dk f wku d cf u
dk o f rl sm;ukd av;pm;=u.? oufzkd; awmif;/ qkH;±_H;oGm;onfh
e,f c sJ @ u|ef j zpf v k d u f w murS &Sdaprnf jzpfavonf?
oufaeonf? 2008zGJ@pnf;tkyf ckduf aoG;acsmif;pD;apvdrfhOD;rnf? &efou l dk rsm;rsm;wku d Ef idk af v/ vl vufeufzkd;/ pufzkd;/ usnfqHzkd;
aumif;ao;onf[al om tawG; &efolonf awmfvSef
csKyf y k H u k d t"rR t wnf ð yum ucsi/f  0/ rkid ;f vm; ponfh wkid ;f xkaxmufcHr_ukd ykd&avyifjzpf rsm;ukd &Gmu pku d af vsmaf y;ckid ;f / wH
jzifh e,fcsJŒu|efb0ukd awmifhw a&;tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;tm; zJhxkwf
2010a&G;aumufyGJjzifh w&m;0if &if;om;wkd@ e,fajrrsm;okd@vnf; onf? vlxo k nf ,cifuvkd ‚if; wm;rsm; rkid ;f uGyJ supf ;D v#if &Gmu
jcif;om jzpfaoma=umifh óudqkd pnf;±k;H jcif;rsm;/ oyfv#Kad oG;cGjJ cif;
vrf;a=umif;ay: ckew f uf&efrvdrhf csif ; wyf v k d / &ck d i f w yf v k d vuf wk@d &Gmrsm;teD; wku d yf jJG zpfrnfudk jyefvnf rwnfpkdufxkwfum ðy
xkdufonfh oabmxm;awmh r rsm;jzifh tcsi;f csi;f t=um; rnDr
wywf óud;pm;vmaom ppftyk pf k atmufcw H yfrsm; apv$wI f tdrf ylyefpkd;&drfr_ r&Sdawmh? ‚if;wkd@&Gm jyifaqmufvyk cf idk ;f ponfh 'kuaQ y;
[kw?f ppftyk pf t k m; wu,fwrf; !Gwf jzpfapcJo h nf? vlxt k wGi;f
onf a&G;aumufyrJG wkid rf D typf =uufcsi;f tk;d rJow k f cGycf idk ;f onfh rsm; xdcu dk yf supf ;D rSmawG qk;H ±_;H epf r_rsm;ukd ESpaf ygi;f rsm;pGm óuHvmcJh
qef@usifvkdpdwf&Sdolrsm;taejzifh rSmyif wOD;ay:wOD; ,k=H unfpw d cf s
&yfwkdif;&if;om;tzGJ@tpnf;rsm; ES,f wkdif;&if;om;csif; jyefvnf emrSmawGukdvnf; xnfhrwGuf &onfh vlxkonf &efolukd t&GH
pdwfcs,kH=unf&aom awmfvSef r_r&SEd idk af tmif pDpOfxm;.? ok@d &m
ukd tiftm;csdeJ@ avsmhyg;atmif wkdufckud fa&; pDpOfayvdrfhOD;rnf? =uawmh ?  &ef o l u k d txd e m }uD;&GHvsuf&Sd+yD; &efoltm; evHr
a&;tzG@J tpnf;rsm;ESihf qufo, G f wG i f xk d t aetxm;uk d &ef o l
OD ; a&uef @ owf v suf rd r d v uf atmif wkdufckdufv#ifyif auseyf xl E k d i f a tmif ES d y f u G y f r nf h rnf
um ppf t k y f p k w zG J @ vk H ; ðywf u s onf t+rJwap xdef;rxm;Ekdif?
atmuf e,fjcm;apmifhwyfrsm;t (11) wwf=u+yDjzpfonf? wu,fawmh onfw h yfrLS ;wyfom;ukrd qkd av;
oGm;ap&ef u¾toD;oD;rS wuf }uH@zGH@vkd pGrf;tm;&Sifvkd tzGJ@rsm;
jzpf toGifajymif;csKyfukdifxm;Ekdif òrd@aevlxkonf 88 ck ‚if;wkd@&Gmrsm;ukd xdckdufysufpD; pm;pGm tm;xm;óudqadk e=u+yD jzpf
nD v uf n D   xd a &muf p G m tm; rSmyif &efo@l vyk &f yfrsm;tay: od
a&; vkyaf qmifvmaeonf? ESpfaemufykdif; ESpfrsm;rSpI a&S@ atmif rn‡mrwm wku d cf u dk w
f wf avonf? ppfom;. *k%o f u d Qm
jznfhyl;aygif; wkdufyGJ0ifvkduf=u& jrif o abmayguf v m=uol a wG
e,f j cm;apmif h j zpf a p/ wef;jyef ppfum;wef;}uD;rsm;ay: ol r sm;rS m &ef o l a wG o m jzpf onf wkdufyGJtqkH;tjzwfrSaeI
rnfjzpfonf? trsm;tjym; &Sdvmonf?
jynfo@l ppfjzpfap toGiaf jymif;&ef acgif;ajcukd,fvuf ywfwD;rsm; a=umif;vnf; ESpaf ygi;f rsm;pGm óuH om xGufay:vmjcif;jzpfonf?
umv=umjrifhpGmuyif vuf&SdtajctaewGif
vk;H 0vufrcHEidk af om tzG@J tpnf; AvyGEiS hf rsuv f ;Hk a=umifawmif [kd vmcJ&h aom tawG@tóuHrsm;t& &efoEl iS hf awG@widk ;f atmifyt JG vD
wkdif;&if;om; jynfolvlxkw&yf &efol@wyfrSL;wyfom; tawmf
rsm;vnf;&So d nf? 0/ rkid ;f vm;/ &Sr;f / ai;'Dai; ygvmonfh ppfom;rsm; vlxku od&Sdxm;cJh+yDjzpf.? vD & atmif , l E k d i f a om ppf o m;
vk;H vkv d m;awmifw h aecJ=h uonf rsm;rsm;rSmvnf; tawmfyif pdwf
rGew f @dk rmS e0w. zdtm;ay; +cdr;f ukd awG@&wkid ;f oem;=uifempdwrf &ef o l x k d ; ppf q if v m avmuf *k%foduQm jrifhrm;aom
rSm pD;yGm;a&;/ usef;rma&; ynm "mwfusae.? wyfxrJ S xGuaf jy;
ajcmufru _  dk tav;rxm;=u? rdrd 0ifbJ }udwfI 0rf;omyDwd jzpf awmhrnfh owif;&v#if &Gmol&mG ol r&S?d  
a&;/ ,Ofaus;r_EiS hf vlrt _ cGit hf a&; olrsm;/ awmfvSefa&;tzGJ@tpnf;
wkd@tay: usL;ausmfzdESdyfvmygu vmcJ=h uonf? tm%m&Siw f @dk t om;awG óudwifwdrf;a&Smif=u&
udpPt00wGif wef;wl&nfwlom rsm;okd@ vma&mufyl;aygif;olrsm;/
jyefvnfwu dk cf u dk &f ef jyifqifxm; óuduf vlxktay: apwemqkd; onf? &efoluvnf; csufcsif;r (12)
wl n D r #r_ &&S d a &;omjzpf o nf ? rdrw d @dk E_wx f uG cf iG &hf a&; wyfom;
+yD; jzpfaeonf? 'DaubDatwGif ,kwfwwfolrsm;twGuf vlxk 0if/ vufeuf}uD;rsm;jzifh &Gmukd t ppf t k y f p k usif ; yrnf h
jynfwGif;ppf jzpfyGm;vmcJh&onfh opf r sm; jzm;a,mif ; aumuf c H
rl ppftyk pf x k rH S ay;or# au|;o onf arwWmaw; oDaºuG; óudqdk csuaf ygi;f rsm;pGm vSr;f xk+yD; b,f 2010 a&G;aumufyu JG dk vufcu H m
jy\emt&yf&yfudk +idr;f csr;f onfh 0,f,o l rl sm;/ pojzifh ppftyk pf . k
r# t±k;d t&if; 0g;ae&aom wyfrLS ; Ekid v
f rd rhf nf r[kwaf cs? vlx. k ypf ol r #r&S d a wmh a =umif ; aocsmrS trwf a e&m &Ek d i f o avmuf &
enf;jzifh aqG;aEG;!‡Ed id_ ;f ajz&Si;f &ef wyfESifh rywfoufcsifolrsm; &Sd
tcsK@d u vufc=H uaomfvnf; rsK;d y,f zJ=uOfru _ dk wu,fwrf;cHpm; wufvm&J=uonf? &GmxJa&muf atmif,v l suf twGi;f u yl;owf
rSm vlom;csi;f pmemaxmufxm; vmovkd/ wyfrSL;wyfom;rsm;t
cspf p d w f & S d a om wyf r S L ;rsm;u zl;=uaom ppfAv dk pf pfom;rsm;om v#if vkdcsif&m&mawG ,liifodrf; +yD; ppftyk pf .k zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyHk t
wwfolwkdif;. wm0efjzpfonf? ygt0if wyf&if;vku d f E_wx f u G pf m
vuf r cH ? ppf t k y f p k . ajcz0g; v#if ‚if;wkd@. vl&mr0ifawmh qnf;um &Gmu pmoifausmif; ajccHOya'ukd wjznf;jznf; jyif,l
awmfveS af om acgi;f aqmiftrsm; wifonfhtjzpfrsm;vnf; &Sdvm
atmufo@dk r0if/ ppftkypf . k xm; onfhtjzpfukd a=uuGJpGm od&SdEkdif bmoma&;taqmuftODESifh a& rnfqadk om yk*K~ v d w f @dk a&G;aumuf
tjym;yif +idr;f csr;f pGm tajz&Sma&; onf?
&mae ap&moGm; au|;wmpm; =urnfjzpfonf? wGif;a&uefwkd@ukd zsufqD;ypf=u yGJr0ifrDuyif tcuftcJrsKd;pkHóuH
udpPukd ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm óud;yrf;cJh &efolu aoewfukdif
ck d i f ; wmvk y f & onf h b 0ok d @ t ppftkyfpkonf ‚if;wkd@ onf? &GmxJrSmawmh =um&Snfr =u&+yD; tcsKdŒu a&G;aumufyGJukd
=u+yD; ,ckxw d idk v
f nf; ukid pf x JG m; +yD; rdrdwkd@bufu wkwfrsm; "m;
a&mufrcH/ trsKd;om;a&; *k%f ckid ;f apaeonfh t&m&St d &mcH t ae&J? &Gmokd@jyefvmaom vlol ausmckdif;vkduf=ua=umif; =um;&
qJ &Sad o;onf? rsm;om ukid af qmif&onfudk rr#
oduQmukd txdyg;rcHonfh 'Dau =uyfwyfom;rsm;tay:wGifyif iJh u|/J EGm;rsm; ajcjywfvufjywf ao onf?
oifyek ;f acsa&;/ &if=um; [kxif+yD; pk;d &GŒH wwfow l @dk twGuf
bDat wyfrSL;wyfom;tcsKdŒESifh n‡maxmufxm;r_r&Sd? vpmaiG a=u=uap&ef &GmwGif;&GmjyiftESH@ a&G;aumufyGJukd qef@
apha&;/  trsK;d om;csi;f jyefvnf avmuwGi f ukid pf pJG &m vufeuf
+idr;f csr;f a&;aumifprD S wyfrLS ;wyf rsm; wkd;ay;onfqkdaomfvnf; rkid ;f rsm;vku d af xmif+yD;rS xGuo f mG ; usio f ydwaf rSmufrnfo h rl sm;/ a&G;
oifhjrwfcspf=unf r#wajyvnf r&S?d &efot l ay: emusn;f rke;f wD;
om;rsm;tm; av;pm;pGm axmuf wyfwiG ;f rSmyif bma=u;nma=u; wwf = uonf ? t&S u f o d u Q m aumufyJG zsuo f rd ;f a&; óud;yrf;ol
apa&;qkdonfh pum;vkH;rsm;ESifh pdwfjzifh wu,fwrf; awmfvSef
cH ó ud q k d 0ef ; &H a y;=u&rnf j zpf jzwfawmufonfEiS hf bmr#rusef uk, d u f siw hf &m;uif;rJah om &efol rsm;/ a&G;aumufyGJvGefumvt
oabmxm; tawG;tac:rsm;rSm wku d cf u dk rf nf[al om pdw"f mwf&dS
onf? ,ckvrsm;twGi;f e,fjcm; awmh? vpmaiGxrJ S rpkrae& aiG onf r[kwrf w&m;aom tvkyf wGuf jyifqifolrsm;/ ppftkyfpkukd
tvGefyif jrwfEkd;av;pm; wefzkd; olw@dk tbk@d rl bmukrd # r_p&m rvkd
apmift h jzpfudk vufrcHvadk om 'D rsm; pkaqmif;ckid ;f +yD; xkad iGawGudk ukd vkyfrnfomjzpfonf? qef@usifaom pifòydiftpkd;&tzGJ@
xm;zG,f a0g[m&rsm;jzpfonf? acs? &efou l dk vufeufrhJ qENjyae
aubDat wyfrSL;wyfom;tcsKd@ jyef v nf x k w f , l c G i f h r&aom vufeuf&Sdolcsif; xdyf zG@J rnft h pDtpOfrsm; pojzifh jynf
ok@d &mwGif aqG;aEG;yGrJ sm;ukd wzuf onfxufawmh wkwaf wG "m;awG
autJe, f t l zG@J tpnf;ok@d ajymif; a=umifh rausreyfjzpfr_rsm;vnf; wku d rf awG@qb Hk J vufeufrhJ vlxk wG i f ; jynf y v_ y f & S m ;r_ r sm; &S d a e
owf zsuf o d r f ; jcif ; jzif h v nf ; u trsm;}uD; xda&mufatmifjrif
vJ ck d 0 if a &muf & S d v m=uonf h ay:ayguaf eonf? pm;0wfaea&; ukd OD;wnfwkdufckdufwwfonfh onf? vlxt k wGuf tvkyrf jzpf
aumif;/ vufeufcsckdif;jcif;jzifh Ekdifrnfjzpfonf? wkwfrsm; "m;
owif;rsm;ukdvnf; 0rf;ajrmuf =uyfwnf;r_ESifh taxGaxG vlr_ vky&f yfrmS tcsKŒd aom jynfyEkid if H aom ta0;a&muf !$e@f aygi;f tpk;d
pmrsuEf mS (7)ok@d æ
u&ifowif;pOf/ -o*kwfv/ 2010 ckESpf? pmrsufESm 6
zvk-H pa0: 'Dru
dk &ufwpfygwD (PSDP). ,m,D OuUX apmcifarmifjrifE
h i
S hf
KIC qufo, G a
f r;jref;jcif;
Ô yxrOD;qkH; ygwD&JŒ &nf&G,fcsufeJ@ ygwD&JŒ rl0g'ukd ajymjyygvm;? tJ'gawmh r&Sdygbl;? 'gayr,fh olwkd@ owif;,lwmavmufawmh &Sdygw,f? wm;qD;ydwfyifwmawGawmh
ygwD&JŒ rlawGuawmh tckzGJŒpnf;ykHawG bmawGeJ@qkdawmh tusOf;csKyfajym&r,fqkd&if usaemfwkd@ygwD&JŒ r&Sdygbl;? olwkd@ owif;wyfzGJŒwkd@/ 'D&Jwkd@ aumif;aumif;rGefrGef ajym+yD;awmh olwkd@ owif;ykd@Ekdifzkd@ayghav? tJ'guawmh
oabmxm;uawmh wkdif;&if;om;vlxkwpf&yfvkH;twGufaygh? eHygwf(1) u&ifwkdif;&if;om; vlxkwpf&yfvkH;twGuf 'Domrmeftm;jzifh wkduf±kdufxdawGŒ+yD;awmh ckeu &Gm±kd;av#muf+yD; vkdufvHpnf;±kH;wmuawmh bmrSrjzpfygbl;?
OD;pD;OD;aqmifðyay;zkd@? w&m;Oya'abmifxJu &oifh&xkdufwJh tcGifhta&;awmif;qkday;zkd@/ +yD;awmh rw&m;wJhenf; ckeu vlpkvla0;eJ@ vkyf&ifawmh b,fvkdvmrvJawmh rodbl;ayghav? tJvkd óudwif+yD;awmh (7)&uf óudwif&w,fqkd
vrf;rsm; zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fr_awG &SdcJh&ifvnf;yJ umuG,fay;zkd@? eHygwf(2) tcsufuawmh u&ifjynfe,fwpfckvkH;&JΠzGHΘzd;wkd; awmh b,fvkdrS rjzpfEkdifbl;av? tcsdefeJ@u tJ'ga=umifh usaemfwkd@ tJ'Dpepfukdawmh rokH;bl;?
wufr_ u&ifjynfe,fol jynfe,fom;tm;vkH;twGuf pm;0wfaea&;tqifajyatmif tbufbufuayghav jynfhpkH
atmif aqmif&Gufay;zkd@/ aemufwckuawmh 'Djynfe,fonf EkdifiHawmf&JŒ tusKd;ukdvnf; 0kdif;0ef;ulnDzkd@ jzpfygw,f? Ô PSDP ygweD @J ywfouf+yD; u&ifjynfoal wGu b,fvo dk ed m;vnfxm;ygovJ? aemuf+yD; ygwt
D ay: pdwyf g0ifpm;r_e@J
axmufcHr_u b,fvkd&SdygovJ?
Ô ygwD&JŒ tvkyftr_aqmif (EC)awGu b,folawGygvJ? vuf&Sduawmh 'Du&ifjynfe,ftwGif;rSmuawmh tifwkduftm;wkdufawmh axmufcHr_&Sdygw,f? tenf;
ECu tm;vkH; (9)a,mufyJ? OuUXuawmh apmcifarmifjrifh? 'kOuUXu apmatmifausmfEkdif(ac: ) qkH; 70&mckdifE_ef;avmufuawmh ajymp&m odyfrvkdbl;aygh? ajymjyvkdufwmeJ@ olwkd@ oabmaygufygw,f? oabm
&Sm;bl;azmh/ taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;u apm=unfvif;/ twGif;a&;rSL;(1)u apmwifv_dif/ twGif;a&;rSL;(2)u aygufvmwmeJ@yJ yg0ifvm=uwmayghav? ukd,fh&JŒ wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;ukd tajccH+yD; zGJŒpnf;wJh ygwDjzpfwJhtwGuf
apm&Sm;xGe@f azgi/f vli,fOuUX pbDusiOf ;D / trsK;d orD;OuUX eef;aptGmeJ@tzGŒJ 0if ESpaf ,mufu apmjrxGe;f / apmcifausmf aemuf+yD;awmh u&ifjynfe,fa'orSmyJ tajccH+yD;awmh zGJŒpnf;wJh tzGJŒtpnf;jzpfwmu wa=umif;ayghav? tJ'g
OD;wk@d jzpfygw,f? tJ'D EC[m vuf&rdS mS ,m,Da&G;xm;wmaygah v? ,m,Dqadk yrJv h nf; ckeutwnf ra&G;&rcsi;f ayg?h a=umifhrkd@vkd@ olwkd@ukd,fykdifygwD wcgrSr&SdcJhzl;bl;? tckawmh &Sdvm+yD tm%m&&Sdwm r&&Sdwm/ Ekdifvm;? rEkdifvm;
rJqENe,f ra&G;xkwfcifav;rSm vuf&Sd ygwDwm0efukd ,m,Dtm;jzifh zGJŒpnf;+yD;awmh vkyfaqmifaewmaygh? tyxm; 'gayr,fh ukd,hfu&ifwkdif;&if;om; vlxkw&yfvkH;twGuf Oya'abmifxJu OD;aqmif+yD;awmh ðyay;r,fh
tzGJŒtpnf;wck&Sdvm+yDqkdwJh oabmaygufatmif ajymjyvkdufawmh pdwfyg0ifpm;vmw,faygh?
Ô vuf&SdtcsdefrSm ygwD0iftiftm;u cef@rSef;ajc b,favmuf&Sdaeyg+yD;vJ?
ygwD0iftiftm;uawmh vuf&SdowfrSwfxm;wJh tiftm;xuf ausmfvm+yD;av? [kdrSm olwkd@ wpfaxmif Ô 'Da&G;aumufy[JG m vGwv f yf+yD; w&m;r#wr_r&Sbd ;l vk@d a&G;aumufy0JG ifr,fh ygww
D csKŒd u a0zefajymqkrd a_ wG &Syd gw,f?
owfrSwfwmukd tiftm;uawmh aomif;*%ef;txdavmuf &aeyg+yD;? 'D(7)òrdŒe,fvkH;ayghav? t"duuawmh tJ'geJ@ywfouf+yD; PSDP ygwDtaeeJ@ b,fvkdjrifygovJ?
zm;tHòrdŒe,faygh? usaemfwkd@ ygwDtaeeJ@uawmh zvkHpa0:ygwDtaeeJ@ 'g[m t+rJwrf;aqG;aEG;aeus udpPwckaygh? okH;oyfr_
ukdawmh usaemfwkd@ qENrapmcsifbl;av? usaemfwkd@uawmh bmrSrajymvkdygbl;? 'guawmh jynfolawGuae qkH;
Ô zvkH-pa0:ygwD[m trwfae&m b,fESpfae&m ukd,fpm;ðyoGm;zkd@ &SdygovJ? aemuf+yD;awmh ygwD&JŒ &efykHaiGusawmh jzwfay;vdrfhr,fvkd@ aemuf+yD; a&G;aumufyGJrjzpfcsif óudwif+yD;awmh okH;oyfwmwkd@ a0zefwmwkd@ usaemfwkd@ rvkyfcsif
aum b,fvkd&SmazGygovJ? bl;? bmrSvnf;rajymbl;? &&SdwJh tcGifhta&;ay:rSmyJ taumif;qkH; óud;pm;oGm;r,fvkd@ tJovkdrsKd;yJ usaemfwkd@u
trwfae&muawmh &nf&G,fxm;wm u&ifjynfe,f 7òrdŒe,fvkH;ukd ukd,fpm;ðyzkd@ &nf&G,fxm;w,f? cH,lxm;ygw,f?
'gayrJhvnf; a&G;aumufyGJ0ifr,fh ukd,fpm;vS,ftay:rSm =unhf&tkH;rSmaygh? bma=umifhvnf;qkdawmh wcsKdŒu a&G;
aumufyGJ odyfr0ifcsif=ubl;av? 0ifr,fhvlu enf;enf;&Sm;aew,f? tJ'guawmh olwkd@pdwf0ifpm;r_ tm;enf;vkd@yJ Ô 'Da&G;aumufyGJvkyfzkd@ tajccHxm;wJh 2008ckESpf zGJŒpnf;ykHtajccHOya'xJrSm wkdif;&if;om;awGtwGuf b,fvkd
jzpfrSmaygh? usaemfwkd@uawmh vkduf+yD;awmh pnf;±kH;w,f? olwkd@uawmh bmjzpfvnf;vkd@ ar;vkd@rS r&yJ[m? wcsKdŒu tcGifhta&;awG yg0ifwma=umifh EkdifiHa&;ygwDwcktjzpf 0ifa&muf,SOfòydif&wmygvJ?
oifhawmfygw,f qkdwJhvlawG qkd&ifvnf;yJ tm; æ usaemf rygcsifbl;? tJvkdyJ ajymawmh b,fvkdajym+yD;awmh zGJŒpnf;ykHuawmh twnfðy+yD;oGm;cJh+yDrkd@ b,fvkdrSvnf; jyifvkd@r&awmhbl;av? wkdif;&if;om;awGtwGuf
b,fvkdwkdufwGef;+yD;awmh twif;t"rR ac:vkd@r&bl;av? ygwD0ifawGuawmh odyftcuftcJ r&Sdbl;aygh? omref tcGifhta&;ukd w&m;enf;vrf;ususeJ@ Oya'abmifxJuae &oavmuf awmif;qkdvkyfaqmifoGm;&rSmaygh? Ekdifwm
ygwDtiftm;uawmh? &efykHaiGuawmh 'Dtrsm;jynfolqDuae+yD;awmhrS enf;enf;yg;yg; pkaqmif;+yD;awmhrSyJ aemuf+yD; rEkdifwmxuf u&ifvlxktwGuf ygwDwcktaeeJ@ &yfwnfoGm;Ekdifzkd@ vkdtyfygw,f?
awmh vkyif ef;&Siaf wG&ŒJ qENðycsuef @J &oavmuf olw@dk qrD mS xnf0h ifa=u;aygah v? tJ'gudk arwWm&yfcH yef=um;+yD;awmh
olwkd@ xnfh0ifwJh &efykHaiG aemuf+yD; usaemfwkd@ (15)OD; aumfrwD0ifuae+yD;awmh trmcHayghav? wpfa,mufukd Ô u&ifjynfe,ftwGi;f rSm wjcm;bmygwaD wG 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydizf @dk &v dS ?J aemufq;Hk ygwjD zpfwhJ u&ifjynfe,f 'Dru
dk a&pD
wpfodef;qkd wpfodef;? 'Dvkdenf;eJ@yJ pkaqmif;wmaygh &efykHaiGukd? ESifh zGHŒòzd;wkd;wufa&;ygwD (KSDDP)u b,fvkdzGJŒpnf;r_&Sdw,fqkdwm odygovm;?
vuf&Sd u&ifjynfe,ftwGif;rSmuawmh jynfaxmifpk }uHhckdifa&;ESifh zGHΘzd;a&;ygwD/ aemuf+yD;awmh wkdif;&if;
Ô aemufwcku ygwDtzGJŒ0if vkdufvHpnf;±kH;a&; c&D;pOfeJ@ ywfouf+yD;awmh b,fae&ma'oawGrSm vkyf+yD;ae+yDvJ? om; pnf;vkH;nDn$wfa&;ygwD(wpn)aygh? aemuf usaemfwkd@ zvkH-pa0: 'Drkdu&ufwpfygwDaygh? 'gayr,fh rGefa'ovkH;
b,fae&mawG usefaeao;vJayghaemf? qkdif&m 'Drkdua&pDygwDuvnf;yJ u&ifjynfe,ftwGif;rSm&SdwJh rGef&GmrSmawGvnf; vma&mufpnf;±kH;wmukd awGŒ&yg
usaemfwkd@ 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifrSmuawmh zm;tH/ aumhu&dwf/ v_dif;bGJ/ =umtif;qdyf}uD;/ oHawmif/ jr0wD/ w,f? KSDDPu +idr;f tzGŒJ awG pkaygi;f xm;wJh ygwyD g? tpk;d &&JŒ jyef=um;a&;0ef}uD;u vmzGŒJ ay;vku d w
f m jzpfw,fv@dk
zmyGef jzpfygw,f? (7)òrdŒe,fxrJ mS ygw0D ifpnf;±k;H aewm tckqdk ygw0D ifpnf;±k;H a&;u +yD;oGm;yg+yD? tJ'òD rdŒe,fwckcsi;f pDt od&w,f? 'DygwDukdvnf; usaemfwkd@ zvkH-pa0:ygwDeJ@ rJ,SOfvkd@&atmif zGJŒxm;ay;wmvkd@ usaemf okH;oyfw,fav?
wGuf uk, d pf m;vS,af vmif; pm&if;awGuadk wmh 'D=o*kwv f rukecf if usaemfw@dk jynfaxmifpak umfr&Siu f dk wifjyoGm;rSm
yg? tJ'tD cgus&if tpk;d &owif;pmxJrmS ygvmrSmyJ? apmifzh wf=unfah yg?h usaemfw@dk uawmh Gender OD;pm;ay;wJt h ae Ô a&G;aumufyGJukd vmrJh Ekd0ifbmv (7)&ufae@rSm usif;yðyvkyfr,fvkd@ 'Dv (12)&ufae@rSm a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sifu
eJ@ trsKd;orD;ukd,fpm;vS,fawGukdyg owfrSwfxm;ygw,f? xkwfjyefa=unmcJhoGm;w,fayghaemf? tJ'ga=umifh a&G;aumufyGJukd 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifzkd@ PSDP ygwDaum b,ftwkdif;
twmxd óudwifjyifqifxm;r_awG vkyfaqmif+yDvJ?
Ô rJqG,fpnf;±kH;wJh vkyfief;pOftwGufa&m b,fvkdóudwifjyifqifr_awG vkyfxm;+yD;yg+yDvJ? usaemfwkd@ ygwDtaeeJ@uawmh pnf;±kH;a&;udpPuawmh odyf+yD;tcuftcJr&Sdayr,fh? a&G;aumufyGJ0ifr,fh
rJqG,fpnf;±kH;wmuawmh avmavmq,f bmrSrjyifqif&ao;bl;? 'Dvuf&Sd ygwDtiftm;pk pkaqmif;wm ukd,fpm;vS,ftwGufuawmh enf;enf;t cuftcJjzpfw,fAs? odyf+yD;awmh a&G;aumufyGJ0ifzkd@ qENodyfr&Sd=ubl;?
yJ &Gm±kd;av#muf+yD; pnf;±kH;&ao;w,f? vkyfr,fqkd&ifawmh 2§2010 n$ef=um;csuft& wifjy&r,fav? vlpkvla0;eJ@ 'gayr,fhvnf; olwkd@owfrSwfwJht&ayghav? tenf;qkH; v$wfawmf okH;&mrSm okH;a,muf rjzpfrae0if&r,fqkdawmh
wu,fvkyfr,fqkd&if rJqG,fpnf;±kH;wJhtqifh/ umvuvnf; olwkd@rS ray;ao;yJ[m? avmavmq,f rJqENe,fawG usaemfwkd@ &nf&G,fxm;wJh 7òrdŒe,fvkH; rjynfhpkH&ifawmifrS 50&mckdifE_ef;avmufawmh &atmifawmh usaemfwkd@
ukdyJ xkwfjyefa=unmw,fav? tJ'D rJqENe,fawGrSm a&G;aumufyGJ0ifr,fh ukd,fpm;vS,fawGukdawmh t"du rJqG,f óud;pm;oGm;r,fvkd@ &nf&G,fxm;ygw,f?
pnf;±kH;ckdif;&rSmaygh? rJqENe,f trSwf(1)u armifjzLqkd&if uJ-armifjzLukd t"duxm;+yD;awmhrS vlxky&d\wfawGeJ@
ayghav? IntroducevkyfwJh oabmxm;vnf;yg? pnf;±kH;a[majymwmvnf;yg? tJ'guawmh olwkd@ a&G;aumufyGJ&JŒ Ô zvkH-pa0: 'Drdu
k &ufwpfygw[ D m u&ifjynfolawGtwGuf bmawGvkyfay;Ekdirf ,fvkd@ xifygovJ? vlxkawGtaeeJ@
a=umfjim+yD; rJqG,fpnf;±kH;wJh umvay;wJhtcgus&ifawmh tJvkdyJ vkyf&rSmaygh? a&m bmawG ar#mfvifhvkd@&EkdifrvJ?
zvk-H pa0:ygwt
D aeeJ@ tu,fI vkyyf idk cf iG &hf cJ&h if &cJo
h vkd t"du eHygw(f 1) OD;pm;ay;zk@d u&ifwidk ;f &if;om;
Ô ygwDpnf;±kH;a&;c&D;rSm oufqkdif&m tm%mykdifawGu ydwfyifwm;qD;r_awGrsm; &Sdovm;? &Sd&ifvnf; b,fvkdrsKd; zvkH-pa0:awGtwGuf ±kd;&m,Ofaus;r_ pmayu tpaygh? oif=um;cGifh azmfxkwfcGifhawGudk tjynfht0&&Sdatmif
óuH&wmvJ ajymjyygvm;? pmrsuEf mS (8)ok@d æ

aoewfoHawG =um;ygp (3)rS tquf æ vnf; wzGJzGJwonf;onf; jzpf usnf;wwfaom vlxktiftm; ay:vm+yDjzpfonf? u&ifeDjynf &rnfjzpf.?
vmayvd r f h r nf ? vuf e uf c sol ukd rnfonfzh Ed ydS t f yk cf sKyforl # cHEidk f e,ftwGif; tcsKdŒaom òrd@e,f &efolukd rwkduf&ao;
rsm;rSonf r=umrwif aoewf Ekdifa&;/ wcsdefwnf; rwkdufckduf rsm;ukd pepfwus vufcHI vm rnf r [k w f ?  ppf t k y f p k u k d jyef aus;&Gmrsm;wGifyif ppftkyfpk. rD óudwifciG v hf w $ f ausat;aep&m
rsm;/ vSHpGyfrsm;jzpfvm+yD; &efol@ Ekdifonfhwkdif &efolwzGJ@ukd wkduf a&muf y l ; aygif ; ol r sm;uk d v nf ; vnfwGef;vSefEkdifrnfh tcsdeftcg wyfrsm;ukd acsr_ef;&Sif;vif;a&; rvk?d atmify&JG cgrS +idr;f csr;f a&;p
vufeufi,frsm;omru vuf cku
d af epOfwiG f tjcm;&efow l zG@J u pnf;rsOf;abmiftwGif;rSaeI óud ukd apmifah ecJah om &efo@l wyfwiG ;f awG vk y f a ea=umif ; =um;od & um;ukd oabmxm;}uD;pGm ajym
euf}uD;rsm;ukdyif &&SdvmEkdifrnf vma&muftm;jznfh rulnED idk af &; qkdaygif;pnf;&rnfjzpfonf? rS vlxkbufawmfom; wyfrSL; onf? jynfwiG ;f &Sad us;&Gmvlxu k qk d u rf ; vS r f ; jcif ; tm;jzif h *k % f
jzpfonf? twG u f &ef o l @ vmvrf ; rsm;uk d &Sr;f / ucsi/f 0/ rGe/f &ckid /f rsm;ESihf pdwcf s,=Hk unfpmG vufwJG vnf; [ku d 'Du xGuaf y:vm=u oduQm ykdrkdjrifhrm;x,f0gEkdifrnf
aus;&Gm vlxu k vdk nf; jzwfawmufydwfqkd@onfhtzGJ@u u&ife/D csi;f ponfh e,fajra'o aqmif&u G Ef idk +f yDqvdk #iaf wmh Arm rnfh aoewforH sm;ukd iHv h ifah e=u jzpf.? wkid ;f &if;om; tzG@J tpnf;
txifao;Ir&? aus;&Gmvlxx k J ydwfqkd@+yD; &efolukd ESpfbufn‡yf toD;oD;rS wkdif;&if;om; jynfol jynf ppf z d e yf a tmuf r S vG w f +yDjzpf.? r=umrDyif Armjynf t rsm; 'Drkdu&ufwpf vlxkacgif;
u ac:,lcJhaom tultnD 0ef acsre_ ;f onfth zGJ@u acsre_ ;f a&;wk@d vlxkrsm;taejzifhvnf; rdrdwkd@ ajrmuf a &;rS m vuf w urf ; ok d @ rSewf u,f vGwaf jrmufa&; wku d f aqmifrsm;ESihf wu,fwrf; t"Ge@f
xrf;(ay:wm)tcsKd@rSm ausmif; taumiftxnfay:vmawmhrnf oufqidk &f m awmfveS af &;tzG@J t a&mufvmayvdrfhrnf? yGJed'gef;ykdif;ukd óuHawG@=u&awmh &Snpf mG wnfwchH idk +f rJrnfh +idr;f csr;f
om;wyfrawmfrS &JabmftcsKd@. jzpfonf? pnf;rsm;ukd tultnDay;um/ rnf jzpfavonf? a&;ukd wnfaqmufEidk af &; aphpyf
aoewfrsm;ukd awmif;,lum &ef [kdwp onfwp ao e,fajru|rf;usifolrsm;tm;vkH; (13) rnfonfhv_yf&Sm;r_rqkd n‡dE_dif; pum;ajymqkd&rnfholrsm;
olukd ‚if;wkd@ukd,fwkdif ypfcwfcJh ewfoH tenf;i,frSonf vlxk ukd,fpDukd,fi yl;aygif;yg0if wkduf 'kAv
dk rf LS ;}u;D ref;wifvid_ f t&Sed tf [kef &S&d rnfjzpfonf? t rSm vuf&dS ppftyk pf rk [kw?f Tppf
a=umif ; / =um;od c J h & zl ; onf ? tm;ay;axmufcHonfh wkdufyGJ cku
d =f u+yDqvdk #if t&nftcsi;f nHh wk@d ciG rf S aoewfoaH wG xGuv f m enf;i,favmuf v_yf&Sm;+yD; &&Sd tkypf u k dk jynfoEl iS t hf wl vufwJG
awmfveS af om vlxrk sm; wzG@J EiS hf rsm; pdyfvmonfESifhtr# &efol@ zsif;aom ppftkyfpk. wkdufav onfudk =um;vku d &f onf? Tok@d vmaom atmifjrifrt _ ay: aus um awmfvSefðzwfcsrnfh wkdif;
wzG@J csw d qf uf&adS &;/ tcsi;f csi;f ul wyfrS xGuaf jy;olrsm;/ vufeuf ,mOfrsm;/ tajrmufrsm;/ acwfrSD yif wyfr[m(1)ESihf wyfr[m(3) eyf , pf r l ; aeI r&? yef ; wk d i f r jynfvx l t k ay: pdwaf umif;apw
nDEidk af &;/ &efou l dk wcsed w
f nf;w ESithf wl awmfveS af &;tzG@J tpnf; vufeufrsm;ukd pk;d &GŒH &efta=umif; tygt0if tjcm;aom wyfr[m a&mufrD wufaxmifvo dk nfh trl em&Sad om wyfrawmf acgi;f aqmif
òydiw
f nf; tpDtpOf&pdS mG wku d cf udk f rsm;okd@ vma&mufyl;aygif;olrsm; r&Sdacs? wu,fwrf; rkef;wD;em rsm;rSvnf; aoewfoaH wG xGuf tusirhf sm;ukd vk;H 0azsmufzsu=f u rsm;ESifhom jzpfavonf?
u&ifowif;pOf/ -o*kwfv/ 2010 ckESpf? pmrsufESm 7
2010 a&G;aumufyw JG i G f 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydir
f nfh
u&ifEi
dk i f a
H &;ygwDrsm; taz jrpfacsmif;awGywfp;D
awmtky}f u;D awG&ŒJ =um;rSm
jrefrmppftpkd;&u Ekd0ifbmv 7&ufae@wGif ðyvkyfrnfh ‚if;wk@d ±;Hk ukd trSwf (7)&yfuu G /f urf;em;vrf;/ zm;tHòrd@e,f/ u&ifjynf apmwlvrJ ;l v,fuGufi,fawG0kdif;xm;wJh
xkad &G;aumufyw JG iG f 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydirf nfh u&ifwikd ;f &if;om;rsm;twGuf e,fwiG f tajcpku d +f yD; a&G;aumufyw JG iG f u&ifjynfe,f&dS rJqENe,f 7ck &Gmuav;w&GmrSmaygæ h
ud, k pf m;jyKaom u&ifygwrD sm;. tvkyt f r_aqmifrsm;/ rJqENe,fajr wGif 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifrnfjzpfonf? rk;d vif;vk@d aerxGucf if
aumuf!i‡ ;f qkw d m tazhtwGuf tqmajyaygh
a'orsm;rSm atmufygtwkdif; jzpfonf? =o*kwv f uket f xd KSDDPygwD. ygwDtvkyftr_aqmif rdom;wpfp&k ŒJ pm;0wfaea&;
rsm;ukd twdtus rod&&dS ao;aomfvnf; xkyd gwu D dk etz ppftpk;d & tazv,fxJ qif;cJ&h w,faemfææ
u&if j ynf e ,f w G i f 0if a &muf t a&G ; cH r nf h Ed k i f i H a &;ygwD r sm; owif;ESifh jyef=um;a&;0ef}uD; AkdvfcsKyfausmfqef;u u&ifjynfe,ft ae@&ufpOfðy
1? zvH k - pa0: 'D r d k u &uf w pf y gwD (PSDP) wGi;f &Sd e,fjcm;apmihw f yftoGiaf jymif;oGm;onfh wk;d wufaom Ak'b < m tazh&JΠtr_awG[m
zvH-k pa0: 'Dru kd &ufwpfygwo D nf ZGev f (4)&ufae@wiG f Edik if H om u&iftrsK;d om;wyfrawmf(DKBA)/ a[mifoa&m u&if+idrf;csrf; rdom;pktwGufawmh
t&m&m[m +y;D jynfph cHk ahJ ygæ h
a&;ygwDtjzpf rSwfyHkwifcGifhðycsuf&&Sd+yD; ‚if;wkd@±Hk;ukd rkd;u,fbkef;}uD; a&;tzG@J (KPF)ESihf bk&m;uke;f u&if+idr;f csr;f a&;tzG@J rS acgi;f aqmifyikd ;f 'gayrJah væ
ausmif;teD; zm;tH-xH;k tdik v f rf;/ (7)&ufuu G /f zm;tHòrdŒe,f/ u&ifjynf rsm; yg0ifzGJ@pnf;xm;onf[k od&onf? vlrqefatmif&ufpuf
e,fwGif tajcpkdufum a&G;aumufyGJwGif u&ifjynfe,f&Sd rJqENe,f &GpH &m ppf&rRuaf wGe@J
7ckwiG f t"duxm; 0ifa&mufta&G;cHrnfjzpfonf? 4? jynf a xmif p k u&if t rsKd ; om;rsm;tzG J @ csKyf (UKL) qmavmifaewJh bDv;l awGvdk
UKL ygwo D nf arv (21)&ufae@wiG f Edik if aH &;ygwt D jzpf tysKd ttkad wGvnf;rcsef
aowrefajymif;0ukd rvGeq f efEidk v f @dk
tvkyftr_aqmiftzGJŒ0ifrsm;- rSwfyHkwifcGifhðycsuf&&SdcJh+yD; ygwDXmecsKyf±Hk;ukd u&iftrsKd;om;&yfuGuf/ qufovkduf&wJh t±kdif;yef;i,fawG
1? OD;apmcifarmifjrifh (OuUX) OD;vlev D rf;/ trSw(f 1)/ apmawvde;f / =unhjf rifwikd òf rdŒe,f/ &efuek w f idk ;f t[ifæ h t[ifeh @J
2? apmatmifausmEf ikd f ('kOuUX) wGif tajcpku d o
f nf? UKL ygwt D aejzifh a&G;aumufyw JG iG f &efuidk w
f idk ;f / aºuGusc&hJ wmuvnf; tazh&ŒJ orD;aygæ h
3? apm=unfvif; (taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL;) yJc;l wkid ;f / {&m0wDwidk ;f / rGejf ynfe,f/ u&ifjynfe,f/ weoFm&Dwidk ;f wk@d aus;&GmawG awmif,mxif+yD;
4? apmwifvi_d f (wGzJ uftwGi;f a&;rSL;-1) wGif 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydi&f ef &nfreS ;f xm;aomfvnf; aiG;a=u;tcuftcJEiS hf rD;avmifwkdufoGif;vkduf=uwm
rcHEidk &f ifqidk cf siw f hJ tazh&ŒJ om;awGvnf;
5? apm&Sm;xGef@azgif (wGJzuftwGif;a&;rSL;-2) ygwt D iftm;enf;aoma=umifh ,ck {&m0wDwidk ;f &Sd rJqENe,frsm;wGio f m t&G,fi,fi,feJ@ avmu}uD;ukd pGef@cGmcJh&w,fæ
6? pbDusiOf ;D (vli,f OuUX) ,SOfòydifoGm;rnfjzpfonf? 'D=um;xJrmS
7? eef;aptGm (trsK;d orD;OuUX) oò*õvfcGifhawmifr&vkdufwJh
8? apmjrxGe;f (tzGŒJ 0if) tvkyt f r_aqmif tzG@J 0ifrsm; - tjypfr0hJ n d mOfawGvnf; ygw,fæ
9? apmcifausmOf ;D (tzGŒJ 0if) wk@d jzpfonf? 1? OD;apmarmifacsm (OuUX) vl@tcGit hf a&;qkw d m csK;d azmufp&mvk@d awmif
xif&csn&f ŒJ ætaz&,fææ
2? OD;apmoef;atmif ('k-OuUX 1) wu,fawmhavæ
2? u&if j ynf o l @ ygwD (KPP) 3? OD;ref;ode;f a&ì ('k-OuUX 2) tcuftcJeJ@ 'kuQqkdwm
u&ifjynfol@ygwD(KPP)onf arv(21)&ufae@wGif EdkifiH 4? OD;apmatmifxeG ;f =unf ('k-OuUX 3) olwkd@u pcJhwmyg
a&;ygwt D jzpf rSwyf w kH ifciG ðhf ycsu&f &Scd +hJ yD; ‚if;wk@d ygw±D ;kH ukd trSw(f 51)/ 5? ref;aomif;ºuG,v f if; ('k-OuUX 4) zqyv rqv e0weJ@ etzawGaygæ h tazæ
awmf0ifvrf; (3)&yfuu G /f a&$jynfomòrdŒe,f/ &efuek w f ikd ;f wGif tajcpku d f 6? OD;apmxGe;f jrwfausmf (twGi;f a&;rSL; 1) opf&u G af wGe@J
t&Sufukd r0SufwwfwJhætaz
um a&G;aumufyw JG iG f &efuek w f idk ;f / {&m0wDwidk ;f ? yJc;l wkid ;f ? weoFm&D 7? a'guw f m apmq,fx;l (twGi;f a&;rSL; 2) at;at;csr;f csr;f aewwfayrJh
wkdif;/ rGefjynfe,fwGif 0ifa&mufta&G;cHrnfjzpf+yD; u&ifjynfe,fwGif 8? OD;apm±l;yuf (tvkyt f r_aqmif) zdESdyfwmukd róudufwJhætaz
oHawmifòrdŒe,fEiS hf =umtif;qdy}f uD;òrdŒwGio f m 0ifa&mufta&G;cHrnfjzpf 9? OD;apmausmfatmif uHw&m;ukd r,kH
onf? 10? ref;wifarmifat; trSew f &m;ukd ckrH ifwwfwæ hJ taz
tvkyt f r_aqmif tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;- 11? OD;apmrl;'D; acwfawGb,fvydk suyf suf
pepfe@J aewwfwæ hJ taz
1? apmxGe;f atmifjrifh (OuUX) 12? ref;odef;0if;a&ì at;jrwJh t&dyjf zpfz@dk
2? a'guw f mqdik ;f rGeo f m ('kOuUX-1) 13? OD;apmaomif;az tyl'%fcaH y;Ekid w f æ hJ taz
3? apmat;udk ('kOuUX-2) 14? OD;apmatmifjrwfaxG; ol&aJ umif;r[kwv f nf;
4? apmuufeufa0aomf ('kOuUX-3) 15? OD;apmwmrvm0g;wk@d jzpfonf? pGe@f vw $ pf eG @f pm;0Hw
h æ hJ taz
5? ref;pdev f 0S if; ('kOuUX-4) a,mifcsmcsm r[kww f hJ
wduswq hJ ;Hk jzwfcsuef @J ætxrSm
6? apmap;0g;nGe@f ( taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL;) u&if j ynf e ,f t wG i f ; &S d rJ q EN e ,f a jrrsm; tazvnf; aoG;ajrccJ&h w,faemfææ?
7? ref;xGe;f wif (wGzJ uftwGi;f a&;rSL;) (12&uf 8veJ@ tjcm;&ufprJG sm;rSmayg)h
8? ygarmuQ aemfwifwif,Of (tzGŒJ 0if) 1? zm;tHòrdŒe,f tckavæ
9? apmrd;k jrifh (tzGŒJ 0if) 2? jr0wDòrdŒe,f tazr&Sad wmhwahJ emuf
10? ygarmuQ aemfavmem (tzGŒJ 0if) 3? =umtif;qdyf}uD;òrdŒe,f use;f rmoefprG ;f wJh olw@dk &ŒJ twWawG
touf&SnfvGef;wJh olwkd@&JΠrSm;,Gif;jcif;awG
11? aemfobav;azm (tzGŒJ 0if) 4? aumhu&dwfòrdŒe,f taiG@xGufvGef;wJh
12? eef@ar&Dped f (tzGŒJ 0if) 5? oHawmifòrdŒe,f todrhJ olw@dk &ŒJ aowrefajymif;0awGa=umifh
6? zmyGefòrdŒe,f aysm&f i$ pf mG xrif;pm;aewJh rdom;pkrsm;vnf;
3? u&ifjynfe,f 'Drdkua&pDESifh zGH@òzd;wdk;wufa&;ygwD(KSDDP) 7? vd_if;bGJòrdŒe,fwkd@ jzpfonf? wpf0ufwpfysuef @J
u&ifjynfe,f 'Drkdua&pDESifh zGH@òzd;wkd;wufa&;ygwDonf yef;uefudk rsu&f nfe@J aq;cJ&h w,faemf?
tazwpfa,muf r[kwf
=o*kwv f (19)&uf ae@wiG f Ekid if aH &;ygwt D jzpf rSwyf w Hk ifciG ðhf ycsu&f &S+d yD; tazawG trsm;}uD;ðywfxu G o f mG ;wJh
acgicf sKyfrhJ om;wk@d &ŒJ tdru f av;awG[m
rGe;f =uyfveG ;f wJn h awGrmS
qufoG,far;jref;cef;rS tqufæ twdwf[m E_wfqufvmjyefawmh
pGrf;aqmifay;r,f? aemuf+yD; vlaer_tqifh wkd;wufjrifhrm;atmifvnf;yJ t"du pGrf;aqmifay;zkd@ &nf&G,fxm;ygw,f? tdyrf &wkid ;f a'gopdw±f idk ;f eJ@
emusipf &moufouf tdy&f mxufrmS
Ô a&G;aumufyGJ0ifrJh EkdifiHa&;ygwDwpfcktaeeJ@ b,fvkdtcuftcJrsKd;awG &SdaeygovJ? '%f&mukd okawoe vkyfae&if;
tcufcJqkH;t&muawmh a&G;aumufyGJ0ifr,fh ukd,fpm;vS,f usaemfwkd@ &nf&G,fxm;wJh (7)òrdŒe,frSmqkd 33OD;vkdwm tjynfht0r&ao;wJh &Sio f efjcif;&JŒ t"dyg` ,[ f m
tJ'DtcuftcJav;wpfckaygh? zGJŒpnf;ykHt&qkd&if ukd,fpm;vS,favmif;awG[m u&ifjynfe,frSm trsKd;om;v$wfawmftaeeJ@u 12OD;? jynfol@v$wfawmfu tazay;oGm;cJw h mygæ
om;wk@d jynf todtrSwðf ya&; +yD;jynfph aHk pzk@d
7OD;eJ@ jynfe,fv$wfawmfu 7òrdŒe,fukd 2OD;pDqkdawmh a&G;vkd@r&ao;bl;? trSefawmh pnf;±kH;a&;taetxm;u 0ifa&muf,SOfòydifr,fqkdvkd@&Sd&if Ekdifajc&Sdwmaygh
om;wk@d uH=urRm om;wk@d zefw;D &if;
av? 'gayr,fv h nf; 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydizf @dk oifah wmfwyhJ *k Kd~ vfawGudk pnf;±k;H wJt
h cgusawmh pdwyf g0ifpm;r_enf;wmukd awGŒ&wJt
h wGuf oifah wmfwyhJ *k Kd~ vfuvnf; om;wkd@vufeuf om;wkd@vufxJrSm &Sdaeoa&GŒ
vkyfcsifukdifcsifpdwf odyfr&Sdbl;? roifhawmfwJh yk*~dKvfusawmhvnf; rjzpfbl;av? usnq f w H pfaxmifx h J usecf ahJ o;&ifawmif
a=umufygw,fv@dk om;wk@d rajymygb;l
Ô [kwuf ?hJ PSDP[m u&ifjynfow l &yfv;Hk ukd uk,
d pf m;ðywJh u&ifwidk ;f &if;om;ygww
D ckv@dk qkx
d m;awmh rJqEN&iS f u&ifjynfoal wGudk bmrsm;ajymcsiyf govJ?
pdwcf syg tazæ
u&ifjynfolawG ajymcsifwmuawmh b,fvkdyJjzpfjzpfayghav? vkyfykdifcGifhtay:rSm twwfEkdifqkH;trsm;jynfol/ ukd,fhu&ifjynfoljynfom;awGaygh tckavætazr&Sad wmhwahJ emuf
av? u&ifwkdif;&if;om;awGtwGuf tusKd;&Sdatmif pGrf;pGrf;wrH aqmif&Gufay;zkd@ &nf&G,fxm;wmaygh? tu,fI vkyfykdifcGifhr&&SdcJh&if 'gu wrsKd;aygh? txyfxyfawG;ac:
bmyJajymajymaygh? ukd,fht"duxm;wJh &nf&G,fcsufav;[m raysmufrysufatmif &moufyef tm%m&onfjzpfap r&onfjzpfap? vuf&Sdvnf;yJ wefb;dk awGem;vnfc+hJ yD
usaemfwkd@u ukd,fu&ifwkdif;&if;om; trsKd;om;a&;twGufuawmh t+rJaqmif&GufaewJh yk*~dKvfawGeJ@ zGJŒpnf;xm;ygw,fqkdwm ajymcsifygw,f? tcGi&hf adS o;&if =um;csiw f ,fætazæ?

u&ifowif;pOf/ -o*kwfv/ 2010 ckESpf? pmrsufESm 8


ySR*h>0Dc;JG ,m
uvkm'l.cG;J ,m'D;
'H>rd.jch.pH.
uMwLI (14) tbhO (8) vgtDulmf< 2010 eHO Volume(14) Issue(8)August, 2010

'HOchObHOthO uJxOD ok;yU:uDIqU unDwIrkPwIckOu&UwzO


vgtDulmf 19oD˜ ch.ftJ;pH.f xD.f0J'.fe‹.fvDR$ w>f&J.fw>fusJRt rlb.f'gwz.f [h.fvDR0J 'H.fch.fbH.f [J w>furR w>ftd;xD.f ok;y>R yPzSOd o; 'k;tdOxDO
unDbl;'; ok;u&> ylR t0Joh.f t>.fvDRo; 'fuuJ th.fok; v>tuJxD.f ok;y>RuD>f uD>fq>trl;tzDcd.f 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f
('H.fch.fbH.fth.f)weDR rR0J w>ftd; xD.f ok;y>RuD>fq> ok;zdw*Rt q>wz.f phrRp>Rwz.f';D wbsDCD ok;uh (999)˜ ok;&h.f (7)ok;&h.f xH&Il uDIoJ;yOwHO
xD.f ok;y>RuD>fq>trl; w>f&J.f od; v>y,DRok;y'd.f eD.fw,>ft rR0J w>f[h.f phrRp>R ql'H.fch.fbH.f cd.f ok;cd.f'd.f*D>f*h>f pDRvJ;ohR pH;0J˜
w>fusJRwcg zJunDuD>fpJ.f˜ vl>f zDvmf0HR'D; ok;y'd.f ySRb.frlb.f'g th.f ok;cd.fok;zdv> to;eH.fyS>fw “y0J 'H.fch.fbH.fth.fwz.f ycd;uG>f uEkPvD:wICkxU
ysJ>fuD>fq.f˜ rFJ.fuFHil.f[D.fu0DRylR zJ wz.f [h.fzsD.fxD.f0J ok;y>RuD>fq> z.f'D; ySRv>tuh>ft*DR[;*DRw v>f rk>feHR w>ftd;xD.f ok;y>RuD>f
r[g vgtDulmf 18oDteHRe‹.f tcd . f t e>f w z.f tvD > f t v;˜ z.f tw>f&J.fw>fusJRe‹.fvDR$ q> v>xHuD>fySRb.frlb.f'gwz.f vgtD u l m f 23oD ˜ v>u[l;*JR 'fxH±l>fuD>foJ;y.fwH.f
vDR$ y,DRok;w>fyeD.fwz.fe‹.fvDR$ w>ftd;xD.f ok;y>RuD>f ymfvDRe‹>fySRe‹.fvDR$ yuwJmfuwDR egxlp.f (ch.ftJ;pH.f) tod; zJvgtDulmf 19oDteHR
zJw>f&J.fw>fusJRylR ok; w>f&J.fw>fusJR0JtHRt q>rl;tHRt*D>f urs>>fz[ J .D u
f 0DRylR ymf yo;0HRv>RvH v>uxD.f w>f unD zD.fpku0JRu&> weHRCDe‹.f t0JvJRwD.fzsgxD.f0J
y'd.fb.frlb.f'g v>trh>f etz ylR uD>fcDcd.f ok;cd.fus>>f oJ.feJ.f0h˜ e‹.fwz.f b.fvJRwdp>RrRp>R˜ vJR &J.fw>fusJRt*D>fvDR$ youd;cJ v>trRw>frkmfw>fck.f'D; ok;y'd.f ty.fwH.f*H>fbgp&Dwz.f qlw>fCk
w>f'o D '>0JRusdR=ok;cd.u f s>>f*>D *f >h f ok;cd.fus>>f rD.frD.ftd'D; 'H.fch.fbH.f [h.f*H>fbg0J'.ft*h>f urs>>fv>t v>mf'k xD.fw>f&J.fw>fusJRwoh wz.f ymfzSd.fxD.fo;'D; 'k;td.fxD.f0J x> cDrh±S>.fttd.f wbsDCDt*h>f
,JrRF‹ ˜ wv>RuD>fpJ.f tcd.f§uvHR th.f u&>cd.fcH ok;cd.fus>>f uFD.fog vJRxD.f w>f&J.fw>fusJRw*R pH;0J b.f$ y[JxJ ySRv>tvd.fwz.f unDy.fwH.fwzk v>uEkmfw>fCk e‹.f zJvgtDuml f 20oDteHR ok;y'd.f
xH;rk>fxD.f uD>fcD ok;0JRvD>fcd.foh.f uwdRvDRw>f'D; uFD.fog pH;0J'.f˜ 'ftHRvDR$ “'H.fch.fbH.fth.f [Jud;0J vDR$ yol.fql.fo;*JR oyS>fuw>>f x>'D; u'd;Ckx>to; zJunD uF‹rd.fw>fupD.ftylR ymfzsg0J'.fe‹.f
uD>cf cD .d f ok;cd.u
f s>>fo.J ef .J 0f ˜h unD “'H.fch.fbH.fth.ftHRe‹.f p;xD.fv> yo0Dzdwz.f wo0D t*R 20*R˜ v>w>f&.J w f >fusRJ tHRtCde.‹ v f RD $” uD>fpJ.f˜ w>fz;[D.fu0DRwz.ftylR vDR
uD>fpJ.fcd.f ok;cd.fus>>f pD.frh'D; (wGJ 1994eH.f vg'H.fphb>.f 21oDteHR b.fvJR rRp>Rw>f'D; b.fvJRulod; rhr>h f ok;cd.'f .d pf d pDRvgySRJ t*h>f oh.fngb.fe‹.fvDR$ KSDDP y.fwH.fe‹.f
zufppfa&;csKyf)ok;*h>0f cD .d f cH*Rw e‹.f rh>fySRv> t[JuhRrRoud;w>f 'D; unDw>fulw>fuRvDR$ t0J (ok;cd.fecgrG‹) wDcd.f&drJ0J 'H.fch.f y.fwH.fe‹.f b.fw>fud; qDvDR0J ty.fwH.f0JR'>; zJunD
*R ok;cd.fus>>f v.f&.‹SG f˜ w>f'Do'> 'D; urs>>fwz.fvDR$ p;xD.fv> oh.f [Jud;0JtCd'D; o0Dzdwz.f bH.fth.f ok;uh (5) ok;wz.fe‹.f tDRv> unDuD>fpJ.f 'H.frd.fu&h.fpH.f uD>fpJ.f˜ z.ft.fuD>fq.f˜ u0DR'h
0JRusdR w>fe.J v f RD ok;urs>>f';D ok; 1988eH.'f ;D 1990eH.t f wD>yf Rl w>f wvJRwohb.f b.fvJR0J$”t*h>f wwl>fvdmf0J ok;y>RuD>fq> w>f&J.f 'D ; w>f * k R xD . f y oD x D . f y .f w H . f (7)˜ ugegusJ (urf;em;vrf;)ylR
y>RuD>fq>0JR'>; ySReJ.fw>frl'gcd.f rkmfw>fck.fu&>z;'d.f td.f0J 17zk'D; e‹.fvDR$ w>fusJRe‹.fb.f'D; uqJ;q>x>.f (KSDDP)'D; zJwvgtHR 12oD 'D; y.fwH.fcd.fe>fwz.f w>fwxk;
ok;cd.fus>>f rD.frD.ftd˜ (jynfol‹ u&>zdtgtg*D>f*D>fwz.fe.‹ f v>xH w>frR w>f&J.fw>fusJR 'f'H.fch.fbH.fth.f oEltusJtd.fymf teHR t0Jw.D x f .D 0f J trHRql uD>pf > xD.fymfzsgtDR 'H;b.foemfuh y.f
qufqHa&;ESifh pdwf"mwfppfqif q>uD>fq> w>f'd.fxD.fxDxD.f w>f weHRtHRe‹.f 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f ySR[h.f v>ngtod;e‹.fvDR$ zSd.f w>fCkx>cDrh±S>.fttd.f'D; wH.f ySRy>RvD>fqh.feDRe‹.f w>fw,mf
a&; !Gef-um;a&;&kH;) ySReJ.fw>frl zH;w>frRwz.ft*D>f rRoud;w>f ul.f[h.fz;w>f rFJ.fuFHil.f oDcgz;'d.f 'H.fch.fbH.fth.fe.‹ f p;xD.f cDrh±S>.f orHord;tDR y.fwH.ftHR tDR v>urh>f0J 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f u&>
'gcd.f ok;cd.u f s>>f ogpd˜ php&DywD>f 'D; xHuD>f˜ urs>>f'D; ok;rk>f'd.fw tlol.fp.fe.f w[JxD.fb.foemf v> 1994eH.ftuwD>f xk;z;t rh>v
f >tzd;rHvmd o f ;'D;w>fw.D x f .D f cd.f pDRo;xlu.DF v f RD t*h>f ySRv> t
0JR'>; ySReJ.fw>frl'gcd.f ok;cd.fus>>f z.fe.‹ fvDR$ 'H.fch.fbH.fth.fok;v> t uh 'H.cf .h b
f .H t
f .h f ok;*H>bf g 600*R o;'D; ch.t f .J ,
f .l ˜f vJRrRoud;w>f xH±l>fuD>foJ;y.fwH.f w>fbs>oJp; bl;twH>'f ;D y.fw.H t f 0Je.‹ w
f *R pH;
vJ.rf R‹F 'D; ok;ySRb.frb l .f'g t*Rw uJxD.fuhR ok;y>RuD>fq>wz.ftHR C.fC.f [JxD.f0J'.f'D; rk>feHRv>u 'D; y,DRok;y'd.f q>x>.f0J 'f'.H cf .h f eD.f*H>f (9)tCd zJwvgtHR 19oD 0J'.fvDR$
z.f˜ 0JRusdR b.frlb.f'gwz.f [J ph>fuD; 'fod; xHq>uD>fq> w>f [J vgtDulmf 20oDteHR w>fu bH.fth.fu&> tod; ,Hmf0J'.f 15 teHRe‹.f wl>fvdmf0J'.f y.fwH.fe‹.f 'f “w>f'k;td.fxD.f y.fwH.f
xD.f0J'.fe.‹ fvDR$ bH.fw>fb>utd.ft*D>f uzD.fvdmf rR0J w>ftd;xD.f ok;y>RuD>fq>t eH.fbsJ.f'D; tcJtHR wcsK;'H; w>frR xH±l>fuD>foJ;y.fwH.ftod;t*h>fe‹.f wzke‹.f rh>fvDR$ v>y0J ok;y>RuD>f
v>w>fe‹>ftrJmfng 'H.f pk'D; ok;˜ urRoud;w>f v>o; rl; zJw>f}uJ>fuD>fq.fylR'D; 22oDt w>fCkx>rl;tuwD>f qDwvJt xk;xD.f&RvDR0J w>fbd;b.f&RvDR q>u&>ylR cd.fe>fv>wy.fCkmfw
ch.fbH.fth.f u&>cd.f pDRo;xluFD.f˜ w>foh.fngeD>feD>f'D; w>fol.fwDo; eHRu'D; w>furRtDR zJ&RrwHuD>f o;vH'D; uJxD.fuhR0J ok;y>RuD>f eH.f*H>f (92§2010)wbh.fvDR$ z.f Ekmv f RD y.fCmk 0f J zJy.fw.H w
f zke.‹ f
u&>cd.fcH ok;cd.fus>>fuFD.fog˜ ok; wDtylR”t*h>f pH;0J'.fvDR$ q.fylR w>fvD>fwcgpkmfpkmfe‹.fvDR$ q>e‹.fvDR$ Ô y.fwH.ft0Je‹.f b.fw>f tylRvDR$ y.fwH.ft0JtHR rh>fy.fwH.f
cd.fus>>fxdvJ.f'D; ySRok;zdwz.f [J 0HRtvD>cf H etz ySRb.f w>f&J.fw>fusJRv> u 'k;td.fxD.ftDRv> etz w>f&RvDR wzkv>tb.fxJv G dmfo;'D;BGF
w>fupD.frl'gcd.f ok;cd.fus>>f uFD.f vDR$ y0Jz.D pf uk 0JRtCd yEkmv f RD y.f
'HOchObHOthO ysmd v
f t
J o; qlo;k yU:uDIqUtrl; zJrIJ ys:J wIvDItcg qg'D; ymfzSd.f0J w>frkmfw>fck.fu&> Ckmfwe‹>fb.f$ ,woh.fngw>f*h>f
v>ttd.fzJ unDuD>fpJ.fylR v>t w>fusdRcJv>mfb.f oemfuh zJy.f
rh>f 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f˜ unDw>frkmfw>f wH.fylRe‹.f zlo;xluFD.fph>fuD; y.f0J
ck.uf &> (ch.yf .H t f zJ )f 'D; y'd.t f .D pf .f vDR$”t*h>f pH;0J'.fe‹.fvDR$
wDcd.f&drJ0J w>frkmfw>fck.fu&>w 'H.fch.fbH.fth.fu&>tHR
z.f tcd.t f e>f v>t'd.t f xDwz.f uuJxD.f ok;y>RuD>fq> 'ftzd;
'D; 'k;td.x f .D 0f 'J .fvRD $ zJvgtDuml f oJp;tod;t*D>f zJvgtDulmf 18
11oDteHRe‹.f wD.fzsgxD.f0J tu oDteHRe‹.f w>frR0Jw>ftd;xD.f ok;
&>qlw>fCkx>cDrh±S>.fttd.f0HR y>RuD>fq>trl; zJ'H.fch.fbH.fth.f 0JR
v>cHwoD wD.fxD.f0J y.fwH.ftrHR vD>fcd.foh.f qDvDRo;tvD>f zJ
'fuuJx.D x f ±H >l uf >D of ;J u&>tod; unDuD>fpJ.f˜ vl.fysJ>fuD>fq.fylR rFJ.f
'D; zJvgtDulmf 19oDteHR b.f uFiH .l [
f .D u
f 0DR'D; zJ20oDteHRe‹.f rJ>f
w>fwl>fvdmf[h.ftDRtcGJ;e‹.fvDR$ ysJR[D.u f 0DR'D; w>f}uJ.o f 0DyRl 0HR zJ
xH ± l > f u D > f o J ; y.f w H . f 21oDteHRe‹.f zJ&RrwHu>D q f .f˜ rh.f
v>uEkmfvDR w>fCkx>wz.fe‹.f w.fvhrFJ.fu0DR'hylR'D; uD;w&H;
rk>feHR p;xD.fv>w>f[h.ftDRtcGJ;0HR uD>q f .f˜ xH*>k of o D 0DyRl wcgpkmpf mk f
tvD>fcH rk>feHRtoD (90)twD>fylR e‹.fvDR$
ub.fwD.fzsgxD.fuhR y.fwH.f*H>fbg b.fxGJ KSDDP y.f
p&Dwz.foemfuh KSDDP y.f wH.ftHR tw>fvd.f 'ftrh>f usd.fph
wH.fe‹.f w>fwl>fvdmf[h.ftDRtcGJ; qJ ; uG > f q l ubsH ; yR =3
unDw>upD.w>y&X/vgtDuml /2010eH./ubsH;yR=1
uDItD;pMxv
h ,g< 0>IrJvb
f Uyl: wIr:v:uyD: unDursUIwzO
unDx&l Il vgcl;uHIpktrl; uCkxU[hOwIz;t*DI
vgtD u l m f 22oD ˜ wz.f uxH.fzSd.fvdmfo; weH.fw [JwkRzJtHRwz.f v>w>ftd.fCkmf vRwz.f ud;rk>feHR'J;tzDcd.f 'fod; tdO'D;wIuDwIcJ
wHed=o0Dwg (AKO w>fu bsD q>*hRq>0gvdmfo;˜ xk;zsg qdCkmfoud;wylRCD w>f&hvdmf 'D; tySRuvkmf tw>fqJ;w>fvR
pD.foe‹) xD.f unDvk>fv>fxloEltw>f b.fxJv G dmfo;tzDcd.f ub.frRvd utd.f*>>fqd;us>R v>uvkmf*R vgtD;ulmf 17oD˜ ch.ftJ;pH.f b.f$ ,b.f,d.fw>fwcg˜ ySd>f=pSDR
unDzdtd.fv> uD>ftD; qJ;w>fvR˜ 'D;uuJxD.fuhR w>f e>fy>>ftgxD.f w>fqJ;w>fvR zJtHR w>fqJ;w>fvRtusg uoht*D>f rh>fwkR vged.f0hb>.f 7 y.fwH.f rh>frRe>Rw>fteD>fuD>fe‹.f
p-xhv,g˜ 0h>frJvfb>[D.fu0DR qD.fwclxD.fe‹>f w>ftJ.fySRuvkmf tvD>ftd.ftod;˜ wuwD>fCDe‹.f tvD>ftd.fv> ub.fusJ;p>;td.frl oDteHR w>fCkx>trl;tuwD>f w>fb.f,d.ftd.f0J v>xH±l>fuD>foJ;
ylRwz.f ymfzSd.fxD.fo;'D; [JrRvR o;o[D.f qlzdvHRp>RoDzd v>cH ok e D > f u p>f t w>f u wd R usd m f ˜ rRzsgxD.f yySRuvkmftw>fouJ; e‹.f zJunDuD>fpJ.f w>fz;[D.fu0DR w>ful.ft>ul.foHutd.fxD.f v>
uyDR0J unDxl±l>fvgcl;uH>fpk t wpdRwz.ft*D>f˜ AKO w>fqJ; vHmfvJ>f'D; okw>fqJ;w>fvRwz.f y0; w>fqJ;w>fvR ud;eHR'J; v> wz.ftylR y.fwH.f 4zk tc>.fp;w t0Joh.ftzDcd.f”t*h>f pH;0J'.fvDR$
rl; weHRtHR zJ(The Events w>fvRrl'gcd.f pH;0J'.fe‹.fvDR$ ph>fuD; okub.fy>RCmf[H;Cmf tw>f t d . f r l y l R e‹ . f tvD > f t d . f 0 J z.f uEkmfvDR 'd;Ckx>to;vDR$ yS>d =f pSRD 'H.rf .d u
f &h.w
f .h cf f
Centre, Werribee)'D; ySR[J 0H ; xd & H , gy>RuD > f ' D ; us>RtDRe‹.fvDR$” vDR$” b.fq.f y.fwH.fwz.fe‹.ftusg y.f y.fwH.f u&>cd.fy}wDmf pDRchRrD.frF‹R
xD.fcJv>mftd.f0J 800bsJ.fe‹.fvDR$ qJ;vRxD&DRw>fqJ;usd;rl'gcd.f &H; wrSRH 'd.u
f RJG uvk>f tJ';H rl ; w>f & J . f w >f u sJ R w wH.f 3zke‹.f tw>fb.fxJGtd.f0J'D; pH;0J˜ unDuD>fpJ.fylR y.fwH.fv>u
unDzdtd.f zJrJvfb> cFJ;';zf pH;0J˜ “unDzdv>t[JwkR x>.f pDRtJ.feR uwdR[h.foq.f bsDtHR td.f'D; w>fuwdRwJe>fy>>f ok;y'd.t f *h>f pDRuFH (rHReD>uf >D w
f rh>)f EkRvDR'd;Ckx>o; td.f0J 4zkt
[D.u f 0DRwz.f˜ uD>yf ,DRuvkm'f .l f zJtHRwz.f ub.frRvdohtgxD.f xD.f tySRuvkmf [JwkRzJtHRwz.f vgcl;uH>fpkt*h>f˜ td.f'D; w>fxk; ySRv>[h.fw>fz;oh v>0h>fz.ft.f usg yy.fwH.fe‹.f rh>fy.fwH.fv>t&h
wz.f˜ 0h>f'>.fvD>fu0DRy'd.f˜ w>f to; v>tJuvH;usdmf'D; vHmf tcH zJrl;bsD0JtHR'D; pH;0J˜ “ySRw zsgxD.f unDw>fqJ;w>fvR w>f pH;0J'.fvDR$ vdmo f ;'D; urs>>fb;l bl;wH>w f >H ef .‹ f
ul.fb.ful.foh0JRusdR˜qJ;vRxD&DR vJ>f˜ ub.f&hvdmftgxD.fto;'D; uvkmfe‹.f tusdmftvHmftvJ>f'D; pH.fusH.ftlrD˜ zdo.fqH;'D; rd>ftw>f unDuD>fpJ.ftylR y.f vDR$
ySRb.frb l .f'g'D; w>fb.l w
f >fbgcd.f tD;pHRxHzduD>fzdwz.f˜ ub.fCk tw>fqJ;w>fvRrh>fvDRr>fuGHmfe‹.f *JRuvH.f'D;˜ w>ftk.fxg 'hwe>f wH.fwz.f tc>.fp;v>uEkmfvDR'd; t0J pH;0J˜ “yy.fwH.fe.‹ f
e>fweDR'D; wHRoud;ySRtD;p-xhv w>fzH;w>frR rh>f'fod; tw>ftd.f teD>fcdrh>ftd.frlb.fq.f vDR*mf'ft uh.fusDR˜ pdRchcgw>fol.f0H.fo;q> Ckx>to;v>w>fCkx>trl;w ywcsK;u&>u&dxD.f'H;tcg y
,gzdwz.f [JrRvRuyDRoud;0J w>fqd;w>ftd.frl tywD>fuxD.f o;orl wtd.fb.ftod;e‹.fvDR$ v>ol.fbD.fo;p>fwz.f'D; u,J>f z.f rh>fCkxH.foh.fnge‹.f uD>fp>zSd.f [;oHuG>f0J urs>>fwz.f0HRr;'D;
unDvgcl;uH>fpk wbsDtHRe‹.fvDR$ b;'D; td.frlb.fv>w>ftd.frkmftd.f vDRqD'.fw>f yySRuvkmf[JwkR ql rh>furs>>f v>[JxD.frRvRuyDR w>frRoud;'D; w>f*kRxD.fyoDxD.f t0Joh.f wl>fvdmfb.fo;tCd y'k;
w>frRvRuyDR unD ck.f zJu>D w
f bh.t f RH tylR uoht*D>f xH*kRuD>f*Roh.fwz.f v>tw>f unDxl±l>fvgcl;uH>fpkrl; v>bsD0J ymfwH.f(jynfaxmifpk }uHhckdifa& td.fxD.ftDRvDR$ v>yy.fwH.fc>.fp;
xl±l>fvgcl;uH>fpktw>fynd.fu>G fpd e‹.fvDR$” td.rf yl Rl ub.fx.H v f md &f v
h md b
f .f0J tHRwz.f b.fw>fwl>fvdmfrkmf t0J ESifh zGH‹_zKd;wkd;wufa&;ygwD= v>u'd;Ckx>to; v>w>fz;
rh>0f =J u,J>rf >h f unDz[
d wJ Rk zJtRH 'D;pH;ph>fuD;0J˜ “unDzd to;'D; uvkmf*Rtw>fqJ;w>f oh.f'D; rk>fqgw>ftD.fe‹.fvDR$ USDP) tu&>cd.fe‹.f rh>f0J'.f [D.fu0DRylRwz.fph>fuD; yuuG>f
ok;y'd.ftudwdmfcd.fus>>fw*R'D; v>urs>>fwz.f tw>ftJ.f'd;Ck
unDzd ttdOvUtD;pMxv
h ,gwzO r:v:uyD:0J unDx&l Il vgcl;uHIpktrl; rh>fcd.fe>fv> t'd.ftxDw*RvDR$ x>0Jwz.fe‹.f'D; yuwl>fvdmftDR
v>w>fe.‹ ftrJmfng ySRv>twDcd.f vDR$”
&drJ uvkmf'l.fClzd;y.fwH.f NUP v>w>fe‹.ftrJmfng 'f
ph>fuD; rh>fySRb.frlb.f'gvD>fvHR ok;y'd.tf w>fbs>cd.o f .h f ymfzsg0Jt
v>ok;u&>ylRw*R'D; unDuD>f od; v>xHuD>fw>fy>w>fjy;tvD>f
pJ.f 'H.rf .d u
f &h.pf .H 'f ;D w>f*Rk xD.yf oD tv;wz.ftylR ok;[H;Cmfw>f
xD.fy.fwH.f (KSDDP)wcD b.f vD>f 25rs;u,RvH'D; w>fvD>fv>
w>f'k;td.fxD.fv> ok;rDRpd&dR tySR t*Rwz.f rh>fy.fCkmf'D; y.fwH.ft
b.frlb.f'g ok;cd.fus>>ftywD>f˜ qH;v>ttd.fv>t0Joh.f w>fu
w>f&RvDR w>fupD.fudwdmfe.‹ fvDR$ 'ktzDvmfwz.f wbsDt0Joh.f u
v>unDuD>fpJ.fylR w>f e‹>f0J w>fz;tgtg*D>f*D>fvDR$
w,mftDR y.fwH.fv> tw>fb.f t0J pH;u'D;0J˜ “t0J
xGJwtd.f'D; ok;y'd.fe‹.f td.f'.fxJ oh.f (ok;y'd.f) &J.fusJRymf0Je‹.f t
ySd>f=pSDR 'H.frd.fu&h.fwh.fcfy.fwH.f vDR[dwtd.feDwpJ;b.f$ y.fwH.f 4
(PSDP)wzk{dR'D; y.fwH.ft0JtHR zktusg 3zke‹.f cDzsdtw>fb.fxJG
[Jtd.fxD.fo;v> urs>>ftusg td.f'D; ok;y'd.ftCd utd.f0Jv>
tCd pDRuFHteD.fup>f'.f0J b.fxJG ok;y'd.fwuyRvDR$ uD>fpJ.fw>fCk
y.fwH.ft0Je‹.f tJ.f'd;wl>fvdmf0J'.f x>cDr±h >S .f u&>cd.f pDRtD.yf R‹G ph>u f ;D
e‹.fvDR$ b.fxGJ0J'.f'D; (NUP) y.fwH.f
ySId -pS:D 'HOrdOu&hOwHOpfyOwHO tu&U*HIbgtdO wuv;vH t0JpH;0J'ftHR˜ “y.fwH.f ySRb.frlb.f'gwz.fvDR$”
t*Rwz.fe‹.f rh>fy.fwH.f v>ok;y unDuD>fpJ.fylR w>fz;
vgtD u l m f 16oD ˜ vDR$ t0Je‹.f z.ft.f'D; uD>fq.f 7 [h.fbg qD.fxGJrRp>Ry0J v>w>f PSDP y.f w H . f t 0J R 'd.f rh>fwJv>tole.‹ f olcJv>mf˜ rh>f [D.fu0DR td.f0J 7cg'D; zJ[D.fu0DR
pDRohrFH; (ch.ftJ;pH.f) bh.ftylRcJv>mf$ tcd.foh.fe‹.fz.f ol.fql.ftylRvDR$ tpSRuw>>f u '>; td.fqDvDRo; v>z.ft.fuD>f wJv>t0ge‹.f 0gcJv>mfvDR$ wrh>f wz.fe‹.ftylR y.fwH.f 4zk uEkmf'd;
yS>d =f pSRD 'H.rf .d u
f &h.w
f .h cf f t.fuD>fq.fylR$”t*h>f ymf*>>fymf rs>>f 70 rs;u,Re‹.f wvd.fwJw>f q.f˜ u0DR'h (7)˜ xdtJ.fusJ˜ rd ySRwz.f v>tu*h>fvdmf ok;y'd.f Ckx>to; zJvged.f0hb>.f 7oD
y.fwH.f (Phlone-Sguaw De- us>R0J'.fe‹.fvDR$ tgtgb.f$ ywJyF;tDRwxH.fCDe.‹ f uJ.o f cD gzF.t f uyRe‹.'f ;D wD.x f .D 0f J b.f$ ySRw'l.ftHR wrh>fv>uuG>f w>fCkx>tylRe‹.fvDR$ Ô
mocratic Party-PSDP) v> ySd>f=pSDR'H.frd.fu&h.fwh.f e>fy>>f0JvDR$ tCde‹.f EkmfvDR0J v> ty.fwH.ftrHR qle‹.fyFH.f'D.f uD>fp> w>f v>xHzduD>fzdtbsK;tzSd.f
ttd.fxD.f zJunDuD>fpJ.fylRe‹.f p; y.fwH.fe‹.f uEkmf'd;Ckx>to; y.fw.H yf Rl vDR$ y.fw.H t f RH w>f';k td.f zSd.fw>fCkx>cDrh±S>.fttd.f zJv>
xD.fv>tylRuGHmf 2vgtwD>fylR v>uD>fq.f 7bh.ftylR'D; cJtHR t xD.f tcD.fwCmf v>yySRuvkmf vgrhR 27oDteHR'D; b.fw>fwl>f
[;&dzSd.f0J'.f y.fwH.fu&>zdwz.f w>f[;&dz.dS 0f 'J .f y.fw.H uf &>zdw>f 'D; td.fol.fvDRto;ph>fuD; v> vdmf[h.ftcGJ; zJvg,lR 4oDteHR˜
'D; tcJtHR ty.fwH.f*H>fbg td.f0J zH;w>frR qlz.ft.f/ uD;w&H;/ vl>f unDuD>fpJ.fylRtCd”t*h>fe‹.fvDR$ y.fw.H w f >fysJc;JG eD.*f >H f (30) 'fx.D 0f J
wuv;vHt*h>f oh.fngb.fe‹.f ysJ>f/ uFRthqh.fuFH/ &RrwH'D; z.fyl.f PSDP y.fwH.fe‹.f ySR '.f xH±l>fuD>foJ;y.fwH.fvHb.fq.f 0J w>f&dzSd.fw>fzH;w>frRwz.f'D; td.fxD.fo; zJunDuD>fpJ.fylRoemf
vDR$ uD>fq.fwz.ftylR0HRvH'D; unD b.frb l .f'gtd.0f J 9*R'D; u&>cd.yf wkRcJtHR wqDvDRb.f y.fwH.fvHmf 'fok;y'd.f w>fupD.fymfzsg0Jtod; uh urRvJ>fxD.f0J tw>frR&dzSd.f
PSDP y.f w H . f u &> urs>>fwz.f [h.f*H>f[h.fbg'D; Ekmf }wDmf rh>f0J pDRchRrD.frFH;˜ u&>cd.fcH*R bd;b.foh.fng'H;b.f$ zJvgtDulmf 12oDteHR unDuD>f urs>>fwz.f wkRqlwv>RuD>fpJ.f˜
cd.f pDRchRrD.rf ;HF pH;0J˜ “cJtRH yy.fw.H f vDRrRoud;w>f v>w>fol.fql.f w*R rh>f0J pDRtD.fuFD.feJ.f˜ eJ.f&JG.fcd.f unDuD>fpJ.fylR tcJtHR pJ.f 'H.rf .d u
f &h.pf .H 'f ;D w>f*Rk xD.yf oD weDo&H.u f >D cf ˜D y.fuu
d >D cf ˜D 0h>w
f
*H>fbg td.ftge‹>f'H; w>fymfyeD.fCmf o;ql.fvDR$ td.fwh>fuhRogwD.f us>>f pDRuF.H v f ˜h eJ.&f .JG o
f CJR(1) pDR y.fw.H v f >trh>f yS>d =f pSRD 'H.rf .d u
f &h.f xD.fy.fwH.fwD.fxD.f0J ty.fwH.f t ul>fuD>fcD'D; xHx.fp‹GuD>fcD[D.fu
tw>vHvDR$ t0Joh.f(w>fCkx> uD>fq.fwbh.fvDRt*h>f pDRchRrD.frFH; wh.v f .J ˜f eJ.&f .JG o
f CJR (2)pDRqSgxd; wh.pf yf .fw.H ˜f uD>pf >zd.S f oG.H C f zl ;d 'D; rHR qluD>fp>zSd.fw>fCkx> cDrh±S>.f 0DRwz.ft*h>f oh.fngb.f cDzsd t0J
cDrh±S>.f) ymfyeD.f0J y.fwH.f*H>fbg pH;0J'.fvDR$ zD.f˜ o;p>fu&>cd.f pbH.fuFh.ftl˜ w>f*kRxD.fyoDxD.fy.fwH.f˜ uvkmf ttd.f rh>f'fod;uuJxD.f xH±l>fuD>f oh.f y.fwH.fw>frReD.frRCgymfzsg0J
ub.ftd.f wuxdvDR$ tcJtHR “q>uwD>fcJtHR v> ydmfrk>fu&>cd.f 'D.fegphRtG.f˜ u&>zd 'l.fClzd;y.fwH.f'D; wv>R[D.fu0DR oJ;y.fwH.ft*D>fe‹.fvDR$ tCde‹.fvDR$ Ô
yy.fwH.f*H>fbgtd.f v>tuv;vH unDuD>fpJ.fylR urs>>fwz.f [h.f*H>f pDRrF;xd';D pDRchRuF.D t f l wz.fe.‹ v f RD $ 'H.rf .d u
f &h.pf .H yf .fw.H wf z.f Ekmv f RD rR PSDP y.fwH.fe‹.f 'k;

unDw>upD.w>y&X/vgtDuml /2010eH./ubsH;yR=2
r:*UIusU:xDOoud; wItJOuvkPo;o[DO zJr:xl&: (60)0Dw0D
qDzgzsv
d UtdOtdvd

yxHyuD>f vd.b f .fyRS tcge‹.v f RD $ zJ we‹>fw*hRvDR$ ySRoh.fwz.ftHR *hR pdRtcge‹.w f uh>$f rfyo;tokw'h pku0JRw>fy>>fq> rh>fw>fv>t&h
ytd.fv>yxHyuD>ftcg yw>ful.f v>yuG>fvd'D; rR'd;tDRe‹.fvDR$ ySR 'DzJw>ftd.fo; w*>>fwus>R t 'd.f0Jwcgb.fq.f p;xD.fv>yzHzk
b.ful.fohpSR'D; yy>xHtD.fuD>f rh oh.fwz.ftHR ,emfv>*kmfusJ;p>; q>uwD>fw*hR$ unDo;p>fw pdR˜ yrd>fy>fpdR'D; wkRvDRv>ypdRcJ
wohb.foemfuh rk>fweHR v>y [h.fvDRto;v> unDw0> tg z.f ub.ftd.f'D; w>ftJ.fw>fuH˜G tHR yxH.fb.fv> rhrh>fxJv>pku
[;vlRx>zSd.f w>ful.foh v>[D.f ylRtgwDR'D; zJt0Joh.ftd.fqd; vJR w>f&hvdmfrkmfvdmfv>t*hR˜ w>f 0JRw>fy>>fq>e‹.f yrRe‹>fw>fobhs
cd.f'Dbh.f0HRtvD>fcH ,emfv>w>f uhRzH;rRwylRv>fv>fvDR$ wuG>f tJ.fuwdRuhR unDusdmf˜ tJ.ful woh vhRwuhRb.fe‹.fvDR$ w>f
uwdRylRzsJ;o; v>y*D>w f td.v f >R usd.fph'D; wuG>fv>w>ftd.fo; uRuhRqhunD˜ w>fClw>fzd;˜ tHR ,wJoh ,wJbl.f cDzsd v>rR
b.f'D; yub.fol.fxD.f rR*>>fus>R b.f$ qSvd RD cd.'f ;D rRp>RtySRuvkmf w>fe>fy>>fvdmfyo;˜ w>femfe‹>fvdmf xl&Rtg*R v>t[h.fvDRto; zJ
oud; uD>folvhR v>trh>fyw>fe>‹ f zJw>fohtd.f'D;tDR 'ftrR0Joht yo;w*R'D;w*R˜ ymf'd.fymfuJ'D; teH.f 60bsJ.ftwD>fylR'D; w>fy>>f
oge‹.fvDR$ od;e‹.fvDR$ tCd rd>fy>fyk>f0J>foh.f{>˜ ymfvk>fymfyRS‹ uhR vk>fv>fxloElv> q>w>ftd.fo; zJrk>frqgweHRtHR
w>f t >v>tub.f u0JRt*hRwcg v>rRued;'k.f'g yrh>fu>G f v>yySRo;p>f usJ;p>;ySH>fxD.fuhR ySRoh.fwz.ftHR tupdmfzDxD.f rHRunDtHR v>usJ tCdvDR$ b.foh.foh.f ySRweDR
,ySRuvkmef .‹ f ,xH.u f uJ'v f .J $f to;'D; rRysHRrRzk;'D; rRvDRySD>f'k.f tw>ftd.fo; v>rk>frqgweHR v>okunDtylR'D; ymfv>k yf mfyR‹S ySR ud;bd'J;wuh>f$ wl>fvdmfw>ftHRwoh'D; tJ.f'd;xD
w>frR[;*DR ,bl;,wH>fe‹.f , 'gtHRoh0Je‹.fvDR$ cDzsd v>w>fq> tHR'D; unDuvkmfw>ftd.frl ql oh . f w z.f t H R 'f o d ; cgql n g rd>fy>fo;p>f'D; o;yS>fw 'g,Rtd.fvDR$ oemfuh twG;w
xH.fuuJ'fvJ.f$ w>fuwdRvk>f'd.f uwD>f‹ w>fcJG;w>f,mf'D; w>ftd.f nge‹.f rh>fw>fo;C>v> ySRv>t yySRo; p>fud;*R uohuJxD.f z.f b.f*mk u f sJ;p>;'k;'d.x
f .D f okzo
d k td.fb.f$ unDzd rh>f[h.fvDRto;
yS‹R'd.fwbDtHR b.fw>fuwdRtDR o;*hR v>'k.f'gt*D>ftCd 'k.f'g*kmf rk>fv>fw>fwz.ft*D>fvDR$ unD w>fu>G fvd'd*hRwJmfb.f v>ySRoh.f vHRwz.f v>usJrh>fusJwD'D; td.f 'D; rRv>w*Rv>oe>.f 'frRxl&R
v>eD>fyRrk.fthpwR zJtoh.fng usJ;p>; rRvDRyHmfuHmG f unDo;o o;p>foh.fwz.f vDRxHv G DR,GRv> wz.ftHRtCdwuh>f$ 'D;w>ftJ.fuvkmfo;o[D.f v> 'D; od.f'ltg*R v>q>x>.fv>w>f
v>tySRuvkmf ub.fo*>>f'D; [D.frh.ftlwz.f v>usJtgbdoh0J uvk m f * R tw>f q J ; w>f v R'D ; unDzdud;*R'J;e‹.f rR 'd.f'd.frk>frk>fvDR$ rd>fy>fv>td.fv> obhst*D>fe‹.f ,emfv>yw>frk>f
w>fww>Rweg'D; w>frR[;*DR e‹.fvDR$ tCd unDzdw>fClw>fzd; vk>v f >fxo l ElouJ;y0mfo.h w f z.f tySRuvkmftw>frRoh'D; rRtDR [H.fCDwz.f rfu*kmfusJ;p>;od.f v>f uv>ySJRxD.f v>tqdtchs
tDR v>uvkmf'd.fpd tw>ful.ft> vDRpSRuHmG f'D; unDzd b.fvDR rk>f_yH wzsgvDR*mf'f unDzdv>Rb.f$ y ohv>usJtgbdvDR$ zdo.fv>t vd zdqH;wz.f v>uohpH;uwdR vDR$ 'D;unDzd rh>fywkmf w>frRoH
e‹.fvDR$ w>fuwdRwbDtHR v>ySR _yg v>xH,HRuD>f*R wkRv>rk>fr rSHRyyS>f wJyvD>fph>fuD;ySRv> “[D.f oe>.f˜ o;p>fv>toe>.f˜ 'D;o; uhR unDusdmf˜ ohuJ;G ohz;'D; ol vdmfo; u'Ju'Je‹.f ,emfv> rk>f
v>tJ.fuvkmf'D; [h.fvDRto; qgweHRngtHReh.fvDR$ cd.frh,l>fySRe‹.f yuvkmfwvDRr>f yS>f v>toe>.fvDR$ cDzsdv>zdo.f tDR zJttd.fwylRv>fv>fwuh>f$ [JxD.fw0mf v>eD.fw,>ftvdR
v>tySRuvkmft*D>fe‹.f rh>fxgt unDzd v>[D.fcd.f'D b.f˜ uvkm'f .d rf , h >l yf RS e‹.f yuvkmf w*Rtw>f'd.fxD.fe‹.f 'd;oe‹RxD.f uvkmf*Rtusdmfe.‹ f rh>fvd.f eD>feD>fr; e‹.f u[JxD.fySJRxD.fuhR zJpSRe.f&H.f
rkmfzd w,k>fv>wvD>fvHReDwbsD bh.{f >˜ yrHRS yyS>f tw>fuwdR'dt.d f uvDRr>fvDR$” tCd unDo;p>f to;v>ySR'Do0DtCd yub.fy oltDRwuh>f$ od.fvdzdqH;'fod;u twD>fylR oh0JvDR$ tCd rRxl&R
b.fe‹.fvDR$ rhrh>fv> rRxl&Rv> 0J'.f “unDud;yol'D; y,DRvDR rk.cf gG oh.{f >˜ zJytd.rf l v>uvkm*f R vD>fyo; 'fod; yokwuJxD.f w>f ohtJ.fymf'd.f unDusdmf'D; w>fqJ; (60)0Dw0DtHR yu'k;td.fxD.fuhR
[D.fcd.fcs>t*D>fe‹.f ,emfv>w>f CH>f”e‹.f rfyokwo;yhReD.ftDRw tusg yvlRxJrG R'd uvkmf*R vk>f vDRCHRv> ySRv>cHwpdRt*D>w f *hR w>fvRwuh>f$ y0Jud;*R'J; yrh>frR w>ftJ.fuvkmfo;o[D.f v>t
uwdRt0JtHR urh>f0J'.f t0Joh.f *hR$ rhrh>fv>y,DRusdmfwcDe‹.f pH;0J v>fxloEloemfuh rfyokwo; vDR$ yySRo;p>fwz.f rfyokwrHo v>ySJRyrly'gpkmfpkmfe‹.f yymfuz> td.fwh>fzJ 1949eH.ftod; [H;rl'g
ud;*R'J; trDxd.fe‹.fvDR$ v> “u&ifatmf ArmvJ &Srf; yhReD.f v>yrh>funDzdw*hR$ zJytd.f yhRb.fyo;zJ w>fcJ;G w>f,mf*hRv> v>yo;oh v>yrh>funDe‹.fvDR$ v>w*Rv>tvD>f zJyrRoh'D; rR
w>ft.J u
f vkmo f ;o[D.f rsufpd_yJ”e‹.f ,emfv>uwkRtd.f v>uvkmf*Rtusg rfyuJxD.f y*D>ftcgw*hR$ rfyokwvlRb.fy ezdevHR z;˜uJ;G ˜uwdRuhR eusdmf tDRwkRvDRwDRvDR wkRv>w>fv>
v>ttd.fwh>f v>yySRuvkmf t ySRwDeHvDR$ w>fuwdR0JtHR okw w>fuyDRv> uvkmf*RtrJmfng o; vHmfvlmfusLqSg zJyyk>fzdoh.f rhwb.fv>Rb.f'D; oh.fng v>t w>fySJRwuh>f$ rf,RG v>trl0Jw*R
ol.fuH>fo;vJtylR zJ 1948eH.f uJxD.f w>frh>fw>fwDt*D>f y,DR v>w>ftd.frlouJ;y0mf w>frh>fw>f wz.f 'd;oe‹RxD.f tw>ftd.frlv> rh>ferle'g'D; rRvdtDRv>w>fol.f uxH.fvDR w>ftHR'D; u[h.fvDRySR
unDv>uD>fy,DR'Dbh.f 'k;eJ.fzsg oh.w f z.f us;J p>;0J'o
f ;d yuo;yhR wD˜ w>fwDw>fvdR'D; w>f*hRw>f0g yzDcd.f'D; uG>fvdrR'dySRtcge‹.fw td.fo;td.f wkRtuwdR uJ;G 'D;z; v>eD>fcd'D; o;t*H>ftbg'fod; y
xD.fto; zJtChxD.f w>fobhs eD.fuHmG f w>fuwdR0JtHRvDR$ oemf tylRwuh>f$ rfyupdmfuzDxD.fo *hR$ rfyySRo;p>fud;*R tw>ftd.frl 0Jb.fwpkwuh>$f rfyokw0Hp0k cH .D f uql.fxD.f v>w>ftJ.fySRuvkmf
tcg'D; zJ 1949eH.f unDw>fy>>f uh rR0Juoh'fvJ.f$ xJv>yu ud;rHRunDtHR v>yvD>fyoe>.f uJw>fuyDRzd v>tuJbsK; v> 'D; u>.fv>yw>fod.fvd yzdvHR 'D;pdmfuzDxD.foud; rHRunDw
q> p;xD.fo;tq>uwD>f yoh.f b.ftd.fuwDRyo; 'fod;yuud; '.fy0Jpkmfpkmfwuh>f$ ySRv>tql;ugtDRt*D>fwuh>f$ y v>vHmfunDw*hR$ oh.fngv> zs>.ftHR v>usJt*hRtb.f zJytd.f
ngb.f v>vDR*mf'f rh.ftlo[D.f yol zJv>rk>fweHRe‹.f [JwkRtd.fySR yrhuG>f v>yySRo;p>f urh>ftHo.fv>t[D'D; yutd.f erle'ge‹.f ySR*RrRv>ySJRtDRwoh wylRv>fv>fwuh>f$ rf,GRqd.f*hR
v>tuJRxD.f v>unDzdud;*R'J; tcge‹.fvDR$ zJv>yvDR_yHvDR_yg tw>f t d . f o ;weD R 'D ; ypH ; v> 'D; w>frk>fv>fw>fwdmfzDw>mfv> b.feDw*Rb.f'D; rReJwkRvDRwDR rRxl&Rud;*R zJrRxl&R (60)0Dw
to;ylRe‹.fvDR$ w>ftHR w>fo[D.f v>[D.fcd.fcs>tHR rfyo;tokw unDuvkmftw>f[J0He‹.f uvJR w*R'.fy0Jpkmfpkmf'D; yurRoud; vDRwuh>f$ 0D'D; rRbsguhRtxHtuD>fwuh>f$
v>ql.f'D; rRysHRrRzk; 'k.f'g'.fvJmf [;*DRw*hR$ yub.f*D>fu>fxD.fy '.f't f RH vDRe‹.f ypH;uoh'v f .J $f yySR wkRv>ywkRv>yzDw>.f ud;*R'J; unDzdcJv>mfoh.fok{>˜ ÔÔ
vDR$ 'k.f'gt*H>ftbg rhql.f'D; t o; v>w>ful.fohul.fb.f v> unDtd.f0Jtgr; v>*kmfusJ;p>; wuh>f$ rfyurR*>>fus>RxD.fo wrh>fv>yzD.fxD.f usd˜ q>x>.fc;
w>fpku0JRrh*hR˜ rhtge‹>funDzdo [D.fcd.f'Dbh.f'D; yub.ftd.f u pdmfuzD0J rHRunDwzs>.ftHR 'fod; ud; w>ftJ.fuvkmfo;o[D.fzJ y,DRr; yrRyySR uvkmfw>frR'D;
emfuh unDzd w>fCw l >fz;d e‹.f rh>pf k wJmfuwDRyo; zJyySRuvkmf'D; uvkm'f .d pf o d El ,l>v f RD uHmG tf RD ok 1949 v>ttd.fwh>f v>yzHzkt 'k;w>fv>yySRuvkmf*D>fwrh>fb.f$

vH m f u bsH ; yR =1 tw>f y d m f xG J
e‹.fvDR$
ursUI zJrOa 0wHO [;bd;tDObDO ,DIbOrhOydI cDOwl; wz.f'D; w>fzH;w>frR tusJoEl zJvged.f0hb>.f 7oDt
wz.fe‹.f b.fw>f&J.fusJRqD.fxJGtDR eHR w>furRw>fCkx>trl;ylRe‹.f
vgtDulmf 16oD˜ ch.ftJ;pH.f yd>t
f .d 0f t
J gr;vDR$ zJ 16oD *DRcD t e‹.fvDR$ qgr;/ t0Joh.f vJRbd;e‹>f0JbD.f0HR v> etz ok;y'd.ft*h>f 0h>fz.ft.f unDuD>fpJ.f˜ uD>fq.fwz.ftylR
urs>>fv>ttd.fzJ rF‹.f e.f&H.fwqHC.fC.fe‹.f ydmfrk.fzJe‹.f ySRv>ttd.fbl;'D; rF.f [JuhRqguhR v>rF.f0wH.fzFgylR urs>>fwz.f yJRxHeDRz;0J'.fe.‹ fvDR$ y.fwH.fv> uEkmfvDR'd;Ckx>o;
w.fvhrFJRu0DR'h 0h>f(rF.f0wH.f)ylR w*R vJRbd;tD.fbD.f ,D>fb.fu'D; 0wH.fw>fqg[H.fw*RpH;0J v>zJ vDR$ ,D>fb.frh.fyd>f'fe‹.f b.fo;w w>fCkx> uwkRt*D>f wz.f rh>f0JunDuD>fpJ.f 'H.frd.fu&h.f
weDR zJwoDcHoDtwD>fylRtHRe‹.f rh.fyd>fvDR$ trHR r.f0hR0hRvGR‹ o;eH.f 12oDteHRph>fuD; tl0hrDR (47)eH.f rkmfb.f” pH;0J'.fe.‹ fvDR$ w>fq>uwD>f vd.f'H;'.fxJ 3vg pH.f'D; w>fvJRxD.fvJRxDy.fwH.f
[;Ckbd;tD.fbD.f ,D>fb.frh.fyd>ft td.f0J 24eH.f cD.fv>tph.fwyR wl; v>ttd.fzJe‹.fw*R vJRbd;tD.f rh.fyd>f v>ySRurs>>f,D>f twD>fylR 'k;td.fxD.f0J y.fwH.f'D; (KSDDP)˜ uD>p f >zS.d f oG.H Cf zl ;d 'D;
Cd cD.fwl;uGHmf0Jtgr;t*h>fe‹.f oh.f uHmG f0JvDR$” bD.f ,D>fb.f0Jrh.fyd>ftCd b.fw>f b.fwz.fe.‹ f rh>frwRw*R trh.fyd>f [l;*JRw>f 'fxH±l>fuD>foJ;y.fwH.ft w>f*Rk xD.yf oDx.D yf .fw.H (f USDP)˜
ngb.fvDR$ zJu0DR'hwbh.ftylRe‹.f 'D.fwJmfuHmG ftcD.f v>txJwG yRzJ vJ.fe.‹ f w>fwoh.fngtDRb.f/ zJw od; uoht*D>f wl>fvdmf[h.f0JtcGJ; uvkmf'l.f Clzd;y.fwH.f (NUP)˜
b.fxJ'G D; w>fuJxD.ft tg'.fwuh>f ySRrRtD.w f >f rk>q
f .h rf >k f rF.f0wH.fw>fqg[H.fvDR$ vgtHR vgxD.foDe‹.f urs>>fzJrF‹.f v>tqdtcs›'ftHR rh>fv> u'k; ySd>f=pSDR 'H.frd.fu&h.fwH.fy.fwH.f
o;w>f*h>ftHRe‹.f 0h>frF.f0wH.fzd*RpH; *DRw>frRwz.f td.fqd;0J'D; uwD>f ySRul.fvJRrRuRw>fzd w.fvrh .JF u
f 0DR'hyRl w*R vJRCkb;d jy>0J'D; ySd>f=pSDR 'H.frd.fu&h.fwh.fcfy.f (PSDP) 'D;rhr>h f unDxz Hu d >D zf yd .f
0Jv> “uwD>ftHR ySRv>ttd.fzJ tHR cDzsdbD.fxD.f tq>uwD>ft w*RpH;0J “ySRunD v>rRv>*DR tD.fbD.ftq>uwD>f ,D>fb.f0J rh.f wH.f (PSDP) v>td.fqDvDRo; wH.f (KPP)e‹.f uEkmf'd;Ckx>o;
(arwWmvif;_rdKif) u0DR'hwz.f Cde‹.f t0Joh.fvJRbd;tD.fbD.f0HR tD.fv>[gwz.f o*>>fb.f'D;w>f yd>f'fe‹.ftod;tCde‹.f cD.fcHuyR zJ unDuD>fpJ.fylRt*h>f (PSDP) xJ o.fwD.f'D; uFRthqh.fuFHuD>f
vJRCkbd;tD.fbD.ftcg ,D>fb.frh.f [JuhRqguhR0J v>0h>frF.f0wH.fylR uDw>fcJ'fe‹.f vDRo;b.f'db.fxH; v>mf b.fw>f'.D w f mJ u
f mGH t
f RD e‹.v
f RD $ y.fwH.fu&>zdw*R yJRxHeDRz;0J'.f q.fwz.fylRe‹.fvDR$ Ô

unDw>upD.w>y&X/vgtDuml /2010eH./ubsH;yR=3
wIr:v:uyD: cDwID oDcgz;'dO tdOzsOJ rkIeH:qUuh: wcsK;wICkxU'H;tuwDI
ursUI[JxOD (2000)bsOJ f .J ef >D yf Rrk>f td.zf sJ.rf >k ef RH 0HR ursUIwzO
oDcgz;'d.f td.fzsJ.frk>feHR e‹>0f J uF.D w
trl; w>f&J.fw>fusJRtHRe.f b.fw>f oDcgz;'d.f tlol;Ze xkuz.f [D
vgtD u l m f 13oD ˜ vDRrk>f v>plRcg0wH.f [H.fz;'d.ft rRtDR p;xD.fzJ*DRcD 10e.f&H.f wkR uhRw&g'D; urs>>fwz.f rRbl.v f RD bOwIuGI[kOtD: vUok;
eD>fzFL.fzFL.foh (ch.ftJ;pH.f) ylRvDR$ yrh>fu>G fu'guhRe‹.f zJr[g v>rk>fCh>fvDR 1e.f&.f'D; zJe.‹ f oDcg 0J w>fzdw>fvHR qloDcgttd.fe‹.f
zJvgtDulmfxD.f 12oD teHR rh>fph>fuD;0J uFD.fwJ.feD>fyRrk>f v>cDwD>fzF.f 19yg oDcgz;'d.furJG kmf vDR$ vgtD u l m f 3oD ˜ vDR$”
teHRe‹.f w>frRvRuyDR cDwD>foDcg td.fzsJ.frk>feHRvDR”pH;0Je.‹ fvDR$ 0J'D; uFD.fwJ.foDcg (9)yg [JxD.frR cDwD>f oDcgtlol.fZe.f egxlp.f (ch.ftJ;pH.f) 'fe.‹ ftod; v>'loxl.f
z;'d.f tlol;Ze; td.fzsJ.frk>feHRq> 'foDcgwu.fw*Re‹.f vRuyDR0JtrJmfng etz ok;y'd.f tHR cDzsdv>yod.f'D; uzkw>fqgt unDuD>fpJ.f w>fvD>fw uD>f&h.f˜ bHvhuD>fq.fylRph>fuD;
uhR ySRJ xD.(f 63)eH.rf ;l zJcRdF blR&HRuD>f pH;0Jtod;e‹.f 'Dux>.f yhRnRcFd.f c>.fp;weDR [JxD.frRvRuyDR0Jt Cd xD.fw>fqg[H.f ulqg,gbsg bsK;wDR wcsK;wkR w>fCkx>'H; etz cv&(9)ok;zdwz.f td.0f zJ J
q.f/ z;x,RuD>f&h.f/ uD>fuFD.fwJ.f xH.f0RtHR v>uD>fuFD.fwJ.fylRe‹.f rh>f *h>fe‹.f unDzd v>tvJRb.fw>frl; to; zJbR'dR&.f w>fqg[H.f/ 0h>f tuwD>f etz ok;y'd.fok;wz.f 0h,D.f[D.fu0DRylR'D; p;xD.fv>vg
ylRtcg unDySRok;vD>fok;usJzd oh.fcd.fz;'d.f tywD>ftd.f0J o>y tHRw*RpH;0Je‹.fvDR$ bDuD;v>tylRwh>fuHmG fvgzhR-bLR uG>f[k>f0J'.f urs>>fv>ttd.f v> ,lRvH 25oDteHR wkRcJtRH orHo
(2000)bsJ.f vJRxD.rf RvRuyDRo wD>fwywD>fng'D; unDySRok;vD>f 'fw>f&J.fw>fusJRtd.f0J tg&R toD(10)vHRvHR'D; wkRcJ t0Joh.fw>fy>zDvmfwz.f p;xD.f rd;0J urs>>fv>t[;xD.fuhRvDR
ud;'.fe‹.f oh.fngb.fvDR$ ok;usJ ySRrRw>fzd (500)C.fC.f tod;e‹.f uFD.fwJ.foh.fcd.f 'Dux>.f tHR xD.fb;0J (6)vgbsJ.fe‹.fvDR$ v>vg,lRvHx.D o f 'D ;D wkRcJtRH t wz.f'D; rh>ftJ.f'd;vJRw>fvD>fw
oDcgz;'d.f td.fzsJ.fq> rRw>fzJtw>frRvD>fe‹.fvDR$ yhRn;cF.d x
f .H 0f R 'J.G x
f .D yf eJ xkuz.f ÔÔ *h>f [D.fu0DRzdwz.f pH;0J'.fe.‹ fvDR$ wDRwDRe‹.f b.fpdmfCkmf0J'D; vHmf
uhRrk>feHRtHRe‹.f zJtylRuHmG f vg,lR etz ok;v>ttd.fqD w>fysJ˜ w>f*DRcd.f˜ [H.feD.f*H>f˜ trHR˜
vH (29)oDeHRe‹.f w>frRtDR zJt wIr:v:uyD: cDwDIoDcgz;'dO tdOzsOJ rkIeH:qUuh:
vDRo; zJ'loxl.f˜ wDtl˜ cs>.fvH>G f o;eH.f˜ rdygtrHR˜ td.fqd;w>fvD>f
tD.fzF.fw>fvD>f cDwD>f/ z.ft.fuD>f xl.f'D; rkmf}wDR[D.fu0DRtylRwz.f w>fusJwz.ftrJmfng Ch0J'.f ph
q.fyRl 0HRvHb.fq.f uF.D w f .J of .h cf .d f }wDrRwHmfwmf0Jurs>>fzdwz.f v> w*Re‹.f 500uF;e‹.fvDR$
'Dux>.f (yhRnRcFd.fxH.f0R)wcD uvJRu[;qlo0Dtcs>'D; ySRo v>wDtluD>f&h.f˜ xDw
cDzsdv>vJR0JwwkR v>rl;0Je‹.ft 0Dzdv>tvJRwz.f'D; orHord;oH xl.fuD>fq.fylRph>fuD; etz cv&
Cd t0JrRuhRu'D;0Je‹.f oDcgw uG>foH'd;0J'D; Ch0J[H.fcd.fp&D˜ rdyg (73)'D; 'k;,R*h>f0D &J.fusJRok;0JR
u.f v>tvJRrRvRuyDR0J oDcg trHR˜ Ch0Jphwz.f'D; w>frRto; vD>cf .d o
f .h =f puc(7) tok;&h.f ymf
td . f z sJ . f q >uh R trl ; tH R w*R 'ftHR p;xD.fo; v>tylRuGHmfw zSd.fxD.fo;'D; p;xD.fzJvg,lRvH
pH;0Je.‹ fvDR$ vgvHe‹.fvDR$ v>mftuwD>f 'de‹>f0J yF‹.fug'D; vh
“oDcgz;'d.f td.fzsJ.frk>f rh>fv>rkmf}wDRuD>f&h.f˜ wDo0Dzdwz.f w>f*DR'D; x>e‹>f0J
eHR v>b.fw>frR zJuD>fylRtcge‹.f uD>q f .fwz.fyRl ySRo0Dzw d z.f v> [H.cf .d pf &Dwz.ft*h>f ch.t f .J ,
f .l f t
cDzsdoh.fcd.fvJR0JwwkRb.ftCd t0Joh.f tw>ftd.frlt*D>f vJRxD.f w>frReD.frRCg ymfzsg0J'.fe.‹ fvDR$
t>.fvDR0J t0JuhRrR teD>fup>f'.f [;vDR tw>fCkzH;tD.frRtD.ft 'fe.‹ ftod; v>xHx.fp‹G
0JvDR$ tCde‹.f t0JrRuhR vDRbD ylR etz ok;v>t[l;*JRzJ[D.fu uD>fcD˜ 0gcJ.fr.fuD>fq.fylR unDu
0DRylRwz.f }wDrRwHRwmft0Joh.f rs>>ftd.ftvD>fwz.fph>fuD; v>o0D
unDzv
d UtvJ:tdO qluID cJe'O [HOzdCzD w
d 'lO v>usJtbdbdtrJmfng 'fod;Ch
phv>urs>>fwz.fttd.f ue‹>ft
ylRrh>*f Rh ˜ u0DR'hyRl rh>*f Rh w>fu>G [
0J ySRunDw*Rpkmfpkmf w>fvJRxD.f
f .k f

bOwIr:oHt:D *D>f ul.fxD.fz;vDR0J xDbdt*h>f rkmf


}wDR[D.fu0DRzdw*R pH;0J'.fvDR$
uhRvDR p;xD.fv>vg,lR 12oDt
eHR wkRcJtRH t*h>f ySRtd.v f >0h>0f gcJ.f
vgtDulmf 9oD˜ ySRv>tb.fw>frRoH zJrk>f,J>feHR rk>fzDz;e‹.f y>RuD>f[J'D; uvkmfwtd.fb.f$ ,oud;v> t0JpH;0J˜ “v>rkmf}wDR r.fylRw*R pH;0JvDR$
eD>fzFL.fzFL.foh (ch.ftJ;pH.f) tDRwz.f t[H.fe‹.f w>fe>tk.fxD.f vJREkmu f >G 0f J v>[H.yf Rl wbsD xH.0f J cJe'.fwz.f wJyF;,R˜ ySRv>t uD>f&h.fylR vDRqD'.fw>f 'GJ.fvduD>f t0JpH;0J˜ “v>y0J 0g
unDzd v>ttd.fql tCd zJrk>f,J>feHR rk>fzDz;e‹.f ySRv> '.f t0J˜ trg'D; tzdcGg w>frRo td.fzJe.‹ fwz.f tgwuh>f rh>fySRxHzd q.f uGHwr.f˜ 0D>frk>f'D; r;vhv>>f cJ.fr.fuD>fq.fylRe‹.f w>fu>G f[k.f u
uD>fcJe'.f˜ 0h>f REGINA u [H.fbl;w*R vJRuG>f0J'.f'D; xH.f0J HtDR 3*Rv>RvDR$ v>trge‹.f t'> uD>fzdv>t*R'D; ySRolzH;zdwz.f [D.fu0DRwz.ftylR q>uwD>fcJ rs>>fwz.f tw>f[;xD.fuhRvDR
vHRpd;wyR [H.zf C d zD d 3*R b.fw>f '.ft0Joh.f oHb.f'd'D;'DtCde‹.f vDR$”t*h>fe‹.fvDR$ vDR$ rh>f0HRt0Joh.f wqJ;usdRph>f tHR o0Dzdwz.f rh>fvJRw>fvD>fw td.f0J'.fvDR$ p;xD.fv>vg,lR 12
rRoHtDR zJv>tylRuGHmfwEGHtcg vJRwJb.f0J y>RuD>w f z.f';D y>RuD>f ySRoHwz.ftHR td.f0J'.f uD; ySRunDv>t*Rb.ftCd uD wDRwDR b.fvJRuGJ; vHmfw>fysJv> oD wkRcJtRH vDR$ ySRw*R*Rrh>*f Rh rh>f
'D; ySRv>trRur.fw>fwz.f [D.f [JorHord;r; w>frl;tHR zsgxD.f0J zJ 0h>f REGINA˜ Oakview 0J'.fe.‹ fvDR$” t0Joh.f(etz)ttd.frh>f0HRr; vJR wtd.fv>tvD>fb.fe‹.f b.f[h.fph
u0DRy>R uD>fw>f[;CkorHord;0J '.fe.‹ fvDR$ Drive [H.fylR'D; [H.fup>f pDRe‹>f w>f*h>fuJxD.fo;'fe‹.f w>fohvDR$ 'ft0Joh.fymfyeD.f0Jt 1200uF;e‹.fvDR$ vDRqD'.fw>f
tz>vDRt*h>f oh.fngb.fe‹.fvDR$ REGINA y>RuD>fw uD>frle‹.f wcsK;[;xD.f w>fcs>e‹.f tzDcd.f pDRe‹>fuD>frl twcGg v>t od; b.f[h.ftDRphvDR$ t0Joh.f ymf v>0h > f y l R w,d . f w g(w&k w f
ySRv>tb.fw>frRoH z.f CkxH.forHord;0J'.f ySRoHw umfwHmf0J t}wJRe‹.f rlRrlReD>feD>f'D; td.f zJ0h>frJ>fqD;w*R pH;0J˜ “,e>f yeD.f0J w>fq>uwD>f˜ p;xD.f v> wrf;)u0DR'h˜ w,d.fwgcFDo0D˜
tDRwz.f rh>fySRuD>fy,DRzd unD z.f rh>fySRzJvJ.fe‹.f wJzsg0Jwoh'H; orHord;0J'.fxHxHq;q;0HRr;'D; [lb.ft0Joh.f [H.fzdCDzd b.fw>f *DR 6e.f&.H f wkR[g 4e.f&.H t f wD>yf Rl wD.ftlcFDyF.f(awmif;OD;acsmif;jy)
b.fuDb.fcJwz.f'D; ydmfcgG w*Re‹.f b.foemfuh ySRwz.fe‹.f rh>fySRv> tvJR0J'.fvDR$ t0Joh.fe‹.f utd.f rRoHtRD 'fe.‹ f ,o;wrkmb f .fteD>f b.fvRJ uhRw>fvRD $ tCde.‹ f o0Dzd o0Dwz.f b.fw>fuG>f[k.fuG>fqd
trRw>frR v> Crown Shred uD>fuFD.fwJ.f=uD>fy,DRuD>fq> rJ>f 'D; w>fb.f,d.fb.fbSD wcgcgt*h>f uD>fvDR$ b.frEkRvJ.fe‹.f t0Joh.f wz.f v>uvJRzH;rRtD.fw>ftCd tg0J'.f”t*h>f pH;0J'.fvDR$
&Recycling Company ylRe‹>f v;tlb.fuDb.fcJ'Ju0DRylR'D; t ydmfrk.fv>t[H.ftd.fbl;'D;t0Joh.f vJRwkRqluD>fcs>b.fq.fe‹.f t0J uDcJ0JoyS>fvDR$”t*h>f pH;b.f ch.f ok;y'd.ftok;wz.f rR
2eH.vf tH *h>f cDyeH.f ySReJ.w
f >fr'l gcd.f 0Joh.f vJRqluD>fcJe'.f zJv>2008 [H.fw*R pH;b.f y>RuD>fwz.fvDR$ oh.f t[H.fzdCDzd t'l.ftx> v> tJ;pH.fe‹.fvDR$ w>f'ftHR rh>fv>rEkRtCdvJ.fe‹.f
Jack Shaw pH;b.f0J'.f Lead- eH.ftwD>fylRvH'D; trHRrh>f0J pDRe‹>f pDRtJ.f'd.f0g pH;0J˜ “t0J ttd.fwh>fuhRzJtHRwz.ft*D>f [h.f “v>w>f e ‹ . f t rJ m f n g w'k;oh.fng0J urs>>fwz.fb.f
er Post w>fupD.foe‹ v>t uD>rf l 36eH.˜f tr>R eD>rf .D f 23 eH.'f ;D oh.f vJRtd.0f J 0h>w f zs>.fe.‹ f ySRunD rRp>RuhR0J 'ftrRp>Re‹>f0Jtod; o0Dzw d z.f rh>v f RJ w>fv>D w
f wDR*hR q.f zJv> 2008eH.ftcg t0Joh.f
td.f0J zJ0h>f Regina tylRe‹.fvDR$ tzdcgG pDRqJbJuFL 3eH.fe‹.f t*h>f wwDR*hR etz ok;wz.f ysJvDR0J tw>fbs>cd.foh.f 'fod;urs>>fu
t0JpH;0J˜ “ySRt0Je‹.f ySRt&h'D;tDR bl;bl;wH>fwH>f v> unDzv
d UvJ:tdO uDIcJe'O [HOCdzw
d 'lO bOwIr:oH tySRwz.f'D; [;Chql.f0J phv> qD.fxJt G DRt*D>f wcsK;rR0J w>f[H;
unDb.fuDb.fcJvDR$ t0Jrh>fySR trh>f pDRtJ.f'd.f0g pH;0J'.fe‹.fvDR$ ySRtvJRw>fwz.fttd.f˜ w>frR e‹.f urs>>fw>fb.fo;'H;tuwD>f
w*R v>t&hySRoh'D; t*kRusJ;p>; t0JpH;0J˜ “pDRe‹>fuD>frl t0Je‹.f rR0J'.f w>fvD>fud;wDR'J; w>frRto;'ftRH td.0f 'J .ft*h>f oh.f
w>frRw*RvDR$ v>w>frRylR t0J e‹.f v>ttd.fzJ uD>fq>tcgvHR v>t0Joh.f qDvDRo;tvD>fe‹.f ngb.fe‹.fvDR$ Ô
[H;e‹>f cGJ;wEGH0HR zJrk>fcHeHRe‹.f t0J vHR trkmfvdmfo;'D;,RoyS>fvDR$
b.fuhRvDRuhRw>frRb.fq.f w ,oh.fngb.f v>w>fvJRrRoHtDR
xH.ftDRb.f$ tCde.‹ f yqJ;usdRtDR zJrk>fo>eHR(Ak'<[l;ae‹)'D; w>fuJ
v>uvDRuhRw>frRt*D>f b.fq.f xD.fo;wbsDCDe.‹ f ySRwoh.fngeD vDR$ w>fuJxD.fo; 'fe.‹ ftCd o; u[h.fvDRuhR0J qlunDzd v>t
qJ;usdRtDRwe‹>fb.f$ ywqdu w*Rb.f$ b.fq.f [H.fv>tbl; b.f'doyS>fvDR$” wkR cJe'.fwz.ftpkylR'D; w>fu
rd.f v>w>fuuJxD.fo; 'ftHRb.f$ udRvR0gw*R xH.0f 'J .f o.fbv k g q>uwD>fcJtHR ySRoH xkuz.f bgw>fv>t0Joh.ft*D>f
t0J rh>yf RS *hRySR0gw*RvDR$”t*h>ef .‹ f [Jtg'D; w>fe>tk.fxD.ftCd w>f tpd.fwz.f 0h>f REGINA y>R 'D; w>fuqS>tDR t0Joh.ftpd.f
vDR$ tHRw*hRb.f'D; wJb.f0J y>RuD>f'D; uD>fwz.f orHord;0J'.f'D; cJ*DRe‹.f qlw>fo.G fcd.fylRe‹.fvDR$ Ô

unDw>upD.w>y&X/vgtDulm/2010eH./ubsH;yR=4
uDItD;pMxv h ,g unDzd r:v:uyD: unDr:xl&:rkIeH:
xHuID *DIyS:'ly:S Cd:<
yS:J xDO (60)0Dw0D
vgtD u l m f 12oD ˜
,*DIr:xl&:vD:pd:
wH e d = o0D w g( AKO w>f u
pD.foe‹) 1$ tDulmfqHcHoD*DRcD
unDzdtd.fv> uD>ftD; b.fzJxd.fudmfudo0D$
p-xhv,g˜ 0h>frJvfb>wz.f v> w>fplR'D;xH'd.fb.fq.f
w>fzH;w>frR wcsK;w';b.ft wrR*DRq>uwD>fb.f$
q>uwD>fylR˜ *kmfusJ;p>;[H;e‹>f
w>fq>uwD>f'D; [JxD.frRvRu 2$ yuD>fcd.fpDRb;tluHF˜
yDR0J unDrRxl&Rrk>feHR ySJRxD.f 'fod;wrh>fySRpJRcH$
(60)0Dw0D tw>f&J.fw>fusJR zJrJ; rl'g'D;w>fzH;w>frR˜
qdeH;bsD.f˜ 0JR&bHRu0DR˜ zJvgtD rR0Jv>mfo;ud;uyR$
u>;pf 12oDteHR *DRcD 9;00e.f&H.f
'D; ySR[JxD.ftd.f0J (80)C.fC.fe.‹ f 3$ v>xHuD>fw>frRtCd˜
vDR$ 'k.f'gu0DRCdu'd$
w>frRvRuyDR rRxl&R ySReD.f*H>frh>fpSRb.fq.f˜
rk>feHR tw>f&J.fw>fusJRwbsDtHR 'f eDwbsDw[h.ftC.f˜
wIr:v:uyD: unDr:xl&:rkIeH: yS:J xDO (60)0Dw0D
w>frRnDEk>ftod; td.f'D; w>fxk;
vDR eD.fw,>fw0mf v>w>fo; ,DR uD>fq>yySRuvkmf unDw>f eD>fup>fxHvD>fuD>fylR ySRvD>ftd.fu uvkmft*D>fe‹.fvDR$” t*h>f o&.f 4$ cD.fq>0Jv>w>fo;'l˜
tk;tw>fyeD.t f *D>˜f w>fymfvRD w>f u&>u&dwz.f'D; uD>fy,DRok;y rSH rHRcd.fod.fvmfylRweDR˜ v>uD>f tdrFH; uwdR[h.foq.fxD.f0J u vk>fxD.fCkmf'D;o;orl$
o;tk;zDuDGR˜ w>fz;zsgxD.f uD>fcd.f 'd.f w>fy>w>fjy;w>f&J.fw>fusJR t q> b.fuDb.fcJ'Ju0DRylR'D; weDR rs>>fwz.fvDR$ w>fo;'lv>td.f'D;eR˜
zkw>frs>fbDtvHmf[h.f,k>f0HR'D; tD; b>.fp>R w>fb.f*Hmf*lmf w>ftd.fo; b.fzsd;uGHmf0J qlxH*kRuD>f*Re‹.fvDR$ weHRCDtHR v>[gcD uJw>fuG>fvdv>ySR*R$
p-xhv,g unD'Duvkmfu&> vD>fcHuw>>f tw>f*h>fw>fusdRw 'fvJ.f*hR zJywkRw>fvD>fwylRv>f 5;00e.f&H.ftq>uwD>f unDzd
(AKO) cd.fe>fol.fuho;yS>fwz.f z.ft*h>fe‹.fvDR$ v>f w>ftJ.fyySRuvkmfo;o[D.f td.fv>0h>fuFHRvDwz.fph>fuD; rR 5$ od.f'lzdtg'Htg*R˜
tw>fpH;uwdRvDRw>fe‹.fvDR$ “y,DRuvkmf'd.fpdoEl e‹.f wvDRrlR[gr>feDwbsDb.f$ y vRuyDR0J rRxl&Rrk>feHR'D; ySR[J rRw>frR'fod;erR$
o;yS>f whRiG‹R uwdRymf tySRy>w>fjy;w>fwz.f usJ;p>;rR usJ;p>;xk;zSd.fvdmfyo;˜ y'k;td.f xD.ftd.f0J 100bsJ.ft*h>f o&.frk.f rh>fb.fvk>fxD.fo;orl˜
zsgxD.fuhR rRxl&RuD>fcd.f pDRb;tl vDRr>fuHmG f0J yySRuvkmfv>usJud; xD.f w>fu&>u&d'D; ol.fvDRqD orhRzDe‹>fph v>tvJRrRvRuyDR vk>fxD.f0Jv>w>fo;'l$
uFHt*h>ftusdR˜ uD>ftD;p-xhv tuyR'J;'D; cJtHR yySRuvkmf vDRto; zJw>fvD>fv> ywkRwylR b.f rRxl&Rrk>ef RH v>uFRH vD0>h f pH;0J
,g KNU u&>tc>.fp; zkueJ unDzdwz.f b.fvDRrk>f_yH_ygtd.f v>fv>fe‹.fvDR$ y0JuD;*R'J; yu '.fe‹.fvDR$ Ô 6$ ySR,HR'D;xHuD>fb.fq.f˜
rHR uwdRwJe>fy>>f0J wud>fcguD>fy vDRz;o; v>w>fvD>fo>wDR˜ v> b.frh>fySRv>tpJReD>fwz.f v>yySR t0Joh.fw[;o'.f$
ySRys>fokySR[;o'.f˜
t0J'k;w[h.ftC.f$
'HOchObHOthO (999) tyS:(20)bsOJ yPzdOS o;'D; ok;cdO'dOpd
7$ wkRvgtDulmfqHcHoD˜
pD:vgyS:J oh.feD.fxD.fu'D;wbDs$
b;tluHFod.f'ltgr;˜
vgtD u l m f 10oD ˜ tpkwDRtzDvmf (opPmwnfwyf ySRvDR$ zJ 6oDteHRe‹.f 16*RCkm'f ;D oh.fnge‹.f td.f0Jt*R 10bsJ.fvDR$ unD*D>f[h.fvDRto;$
egxlp.f (ch.ftJ;pH.f) &if;) b.fw>fwDcd.f&drJtDR v>ok; [H.zf C d zD w d eDR[JuRh 0J'.fvRD $ zJr t0Joh.f wtJ.f'd;rR0J uD>fq>ok;
'H.fch.fbH.fth.f ok;uh cd.f'd.f*D>f*h>f pDRuwd(apmuwkH;) [gu>RteHRe‹.f [JuhRu'D; (3) b.f/ tJ.f'd;uJ0J oDcgok;vDR$ b.f 8$ ySRo;'l,od.f'lzd˜
(999) tyS R v>wwl > f v d m f 0 J tok;'hc.d f ok;cd.pf d pDRbsd.'f ;D tySR *R/ yoh.n f gb.f t0Jo.h q f ;J usRd 'D; q.foemfuh ySRoh.fwz.f [h.fvDR xHuD>fobhsrRxDbd$
etzok;cd;uD>fq> (20)bsJ.f zJw 16*R/ zJr[gu>>RteHRe‹.f [JuhR cd.ef >fv>x;wz.f0RH r; [JuRh 0J'.f ymfp>RtrHR v>urR0J uD>fq>ok; xHuD>f*D>fySR'lySRCdR˜
oDcHoDtwD>fylRtHRe‹.f vJRymfzSd.f u'D;(3)*RCkmf'D; w>fpku0JRweDR vDR”pH;b.f ch.ftJ;pH.fe‹.fvDR$ cJv>mfvHvDR$ cDzsd t0Joh.fcd.fe>f ,*D>frRxl&RvDRpdR
xD.o f ;'D; 'H.cf .h bf .H t
f .h f ok;uh(5) vJRymfzSd.fxD.fo;'D; ok;cd.f pDRvg b.fxJG'D;w>f*h>ftHRe‹.f vD>fvHRv>e‹.fwz.f uhRud;uhR
cd.f ok;cd.f'd.fpd pDRvgySJR(ecgrG‹)e‹.f ySJRtySR zJ0DRvhRw>fvD>fe‹.fvDR$ qJ;usdRoHu>G f ok;cd.fpDRuwdwe‹>f t0Joh.ftCd t0Joh.fuhRvDR$” v>=pD R q.f v D R tJ . f b sK;
e‹>fb.fw>fupD.fvDR$ 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f ok;uh b.fq.f 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f ok;uh ySRoh.fwz.fe‹.f [JuhR
zJvgtDulmfxD.f 6oD (5)ok;cd.fw*RpH;0J “ySRoh.fwz.f (999)ok;&h.fvDRqD ok;&h.fcd.f ok; pdmC
f mk 0f J usd'.d f 60(rr) 1cd./f t.f
teHRe‹.f 'H.cf .h b
f .H t
f .h f ok;uh(999) e‹.f rh>f0J'.f (opPmwnf)ok;&h.f t cd.'f .d *f >D *f >h f pDRrDR0hp;H 0J “rh>0f v
J RD / , &.fzH.fuFH.f 1cd.f/ (16)pJ;v; 1cd.f/ tJrf(79) 1cd.f/ (16)rDx.fzd 2cd.f th.fok;uh (5)w'l.f{dRvDR$ rhrh>f
'D; usdt*R'ftrh>f th.fch.f/ cgbJ'D; v>'H.cf .h b f .H t
f .h o
f ;k uh/ ok;&h.v f >
xHObO0JvU 'HOchObHOthOweD:
t*R 20bsJ.fe‹.fvDR$ t*Re‹.f wl>fvdmf0JcJv>mfvHe.‹ fvDR$
p;xD . f v>wvgng 'fe.‹ ftod; zJvgtDulmf
tHR vgxD.foDvHRvHRe‹.f etzok; xD.f 3oDteHRe‹.f 'H.fch.fbH.fth.fok;
[H;e‹>f'H.fch.fbH.fth.f ok;v>uysdmf &h.f (902) tySR (6)*R Ckmf'D; w>f
vJto;qluD>fq>ok;wz.f t pku0JRweDR vJRymfzSd.fto;'D;
rHR/ eD.u J >f*RD / qJ; unD'Duvkmfw>fxl.fzsJ; ok;rk>f'd.f
f p>fe.D *f >H /f 'de>‹ 0f w
vDR pkr>k u
f s>>f zJusd.x f b l 'D ;k ,mfc.d f (ch . f t J . f t J v f t h . f ) ok ; &h . f ( 18)
ok; cd.f'd.fpd pDRrd.fod;t[H.f'D; zJuD;w&H;uD>fq.fylR'D; zJvg,lR
etz ok;uv>R zJ0h>frF.f0wH.f0h>f vH 11oDteHRph>fuD; 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f
ylRe‹.f vDR$ ok;uh(999) ok;&h.fvDRqDtySR
'H.fch.fbH.fth.f ok;v> (7)*R Ckmf'D; pku0JRv>v>ySJRySJR
wwl>fvdmf0J etzok;y'd.f ok;cd; vJRymfzSd.fo;'D; ch.ftJ.ftJvfth.f
uD>fq>w>f&J.fw>fusJRtHRe‹.f xJ ok;uh(7)e‹.fvDR$ Ô
ok;cd.fpDRvgySJRwDcd.f&drJ 'H.fch.fbH.f

unDw>upD.w>y&X/vgtDulm/2010eH./ubsH;yR=5
w&l;-y,D: wI&JOwIus:J vUuwhxOD xHwrUOoDtzdcOd u&hOeHO wIvJ:xDOvJ:xD
wICkoOh ngwIu&lI xD'gyJPtUyJPoD
vgtD u l m f 10oD ˜ zJvg,ElRtg&HR (7)oD e‹.f w>fol.fxD.f vDyH;w;(avmyD xD w>fCkoh.fngw>fu±l>frl'gcd.f uwhxD.f xHwr>.ftoDwcgtHR ,DRylRwz.fph>fuD; [JymfvDR0J w>f
eD>fzFL.fzFL.foh (ch.ftJ;pH.f) teHRe‹.f etzok;y'd.f'D; w±l;uD>f w)vDrh.ftl zJu&h.feH.fuD>fpJ.fylR'D; clwDR&JRpH;0J'.fe.‹ fvDR$ e‹.f v>teH.f 100twD>fylR uD>fy zdw>fvHR v>tvd.foh.fwz.fvH
uD>fw±l;'D; uD>fy,DR ,l.fe>.fuD>fpJ.f/ w>fxk;xD.f vDrh.f v>uD>fy,DR'Dwbh.fe‹.f rh>ftqd clwRD &JRpH;0Jv> cDzsdw>f ,DRok;y'd.fw>frRw&Dwyg/ rRy e‹.f vHmfbd;b.f&RvDRtylR ymfzsg0J
ok;y'd.f w>f&J.fw>fusJRtd.f v>u tlul.fyeH.f Datang(Yunnan) uw>>f'D; t'd.fuw>>fwcgb.f &J.fw>fusJtHRtCde‹.f vD>fu0DR ,GJ ySRunDc;JG ,mf'ftrh>f ok;ql.f0J e‹.fvDR$
whxD.f xHwr>.foD zJu&h.feH.fuD>f United Hydropower Dev- q.f v>u&h.feH.f urs>>ft*D>f t urs>>fzJe‹.f 12˜000bsJ.f b.fw>f urs>>fvD>fusJ/ 'J.G ftlumHG f'lo0D/ rR etzok;y'd.f'D; ';x;
pJ.yf Rl tzDc.d ef .‹ f u&h.ef .H f w>fvRJ xD.f eloping Co [H;e‹>fw>fe>fy>>f bsK;tzS.d wf td.0f eJ w
D rHRb.fe.‹ v
f RD $ ok;ql.fvD>fusJR qlw>fvD>ft*R'D; oHrR0Dw>f/ qD.fwH>frRe>Rw>f'D; rR ul.fyeH.f [H;e‹>fw>fe>fy>>f w>fqJ;
vJRxD w>fCkoh.fngw>fu&l>f qJ;vDRpkrk>fus>>fcHcD,>fyR v>u “w>f&J.fw>fw>fusJRt vDrh.ftl 95rs;u,Re‹.f w>fu w&Dwyg ydmfrk.fydmfr>Rwz.fe‹.f vDRpkr>k u
f s>>fvmH t
f ylRe‹.f v>u&h.f
(KDRG) xD'gyJmft>yJmfoD0J'D; whxD.fxHwr>.ftoDwcg zJo0D 0JtHRe‹.f yxH.fb.f tgr;vH/ zJw>f qS>tDR qluD>fy,DRylR w>fvD>ftg clwDR&JR pH;tgxD.f0J'.fe‹.fvDR$ eH.fuD>fpJ.fylR uwhtgxD.f0J xHw
wuwD>C f C D x h .D 0f pJ >h u
f ;D ok;y'd.f oD(&Gmopf)C>R v>vD*H>fbgu p;xD.fwh0J vDyH;w;/ rdb,J(rkd; wDRe‹.fvDR$ trJmfng zJxHwr>.ft p;xD.f v>w>fqJ;vDR r>.fcHcg zJobJ.f(obuf)xHusd
'D; ';x;ul.fyeH.fwz.f v>uy td.f0J (600) rH;u;0;tCde.‹ f u _AJ)xHwr>.fwz.ftcge‹.f ok;y'd.f cd.ftC>R0;0;w&H;e‹.f cDzsd w>f'd; pkrk>fus>>f0HRtvD>fcH zJo0DoD(&Gm ylRwcg vD*H>fbgutd.f0J 110 rH;
wkmfuHmG f w>f&J.fw>fusJRtHR v>t &h.feH.f urs>>fwz.f xD'g0J'.fe‹.f t>.fvDR0J'.f v>u&h.feH.fuD>fpJ.f'D vDRCmf0Jrh.fyd>f 18˜000zs>.ftCd opf) tcd.ftC>Re‹.f w>fEkmfvDR u;0;/ zJydR(yGef)xHusdylRwcg vD
qdtchst*h>fe‹.f zJvgtDulmfxD.f vDR$ wbh.f rh>ftlub.fuyDR0Jb.fq.f w>fb.f,d.ftd.fxD.f0J'.f v>u&h.f xd.f0J w>fol.fxD.ftvD>ftusJ *H>fbgutd.f0J 130rHu;0;e‹.fvDR$
(9)oDteHRe‹.x f ;k xD.b f ;d b.f&RvDR u&h.feH.f urs>>fwz.f v>cHe‹.f w>fwuJxD.f0JeDwrHR eH.furs>>fzJe‹.fwz.f t*D>fe‹.fvDR$ td.f0JcHbsDvH wu;b.ftrJmfng ÔÔ
0J vHmfbd;b.f&RvDRwbh.fe.‹ fvDR$ ymfzsgymfxD.f0J zJtylRuHmG f(50)eH.f b.f”t*h>f u&h.ef .H w f >fvRJ xD.vf RJ w>f&J.fw>fusJR v>w>f [JuJC G kmf0J'D; ySRrRw>fzd v>uD>fy

unDeOD w,IvUttdOzJ unDywkPwIc;u&lItBw:J wzO wIclOu'guh: xltCd o0Dzd


bOwIxk;uGPH 300bsOJ bOok;vDIok;usJ
vgtDulmf 5oD˜ t}wJRwz.f w>fub.fxk;uGHmf vgtDulmf 9oD˜ tw>fzH;w>frRwz.f'D; [;ok;uhR
egzD*hR (ch.ftJ;pH.f) cJv>mftCdw>fxk;uHmG ftDRe‹.fvDR$ pDRohrFH; (ch.ftJ;pH.f) o; qlo0Dt*RcJv>RvHvDR”t
zJweHRngtHRe‹.f etz unDurs>>f v>ttd.f unDuD>fpJ.f˜ rkmf}wDR *h>fe.‹ fvDR$
ok;eJ.fvDR0J unDeD.fw,>f v>t zJ uD;w&H;0h>fylRw*RpH;0J v>w>f uD>f&h>f˜ 'GJ.fvduD>fq.f[D.fu0DRylR o0D z d v>tok ; vD > f
td.fzJ unDzD.fpku0JRu±l>f v>t xk;uHmG funDeD.fw,>ftHRe‹.f zJrF.f e‹.f 'H.fch.fbH.fth.fok;wz.f uhRqJ; ok;usJwz.ftusg y.fCkmf0J'.f
ywkmfw>fc;wz.f t}wJR(*dwf) 0wH.f/ uD;w&H;/ z.ft.fwz.fcJ rRu'guhR w>fcl.fxlw>frR'D; [; wDRzk.fuFd 3zs>.f v>o0D 3zs>.ft
wz.fe‹.f w>fub.fxk;uHGmftDR v>mfvDR$ t0JpH;0J “w>fxk;uHmG f 'D;vDR0J rh.fyd>fwz.ftCd p;xD.f ylR˜ ySRuFdzdcJv>mftd.f0J t*R(80)
cJv>mfe‹.fvDR$ unDeD.fw,>fe‹.f rh>f0JvDR$ zJuD; v>vgthjzh.f'D; wkRcJtHR ySRo0Dzd bsJ.f'D; tcJtHR t0Joh.f [;td.f0J
'H.fch.fbH.fth.f zJuD>fq> w&H;0h>femfuh u,J>frh>f 'H.fch.fbH.f 300 bsJ.f b.fok;vD>fok;usJt*h>f v>'GJ.fvduD>fq.fylR o0Dv>tbl;
w*RpH;0Jv> “w>feJ.fvDRtd.fv> th.f'D; w>frkmfw>fck.fu±l>fqDvDR oh.fngb.fe.‹ fvDR$ wz.ftylRweDR'D; weDRvJRok;
weHRngtHR *DRcD 9;30e.f&H.fe‹.f w>fvD>fe‹.f w>fxk;uHGmfcJv>mfvH [D.fu0DRzJe‹.f 'ftrh>f td.0f 'J .f v>'loxl.u f >D &f .h ˜f bHvh
w>fub.fxk;vDRuHGmfcJv>mfvDR$ vDR$ ” uGH.f'hvD˜ 0godusg'D; rJ>fwJo0D uD>fq.f˜ o0Dwz.fylR td.f0J'.fe‹.f
eD.fw,>fwcDe.‹ f w>fxk;uHmG f0Jb.f 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f v>t o0Dzdwz.f cDzsdv> 'GJ.fvduD>fq.f vDR$
zJ[gcD 3e.f&H.fC.fC.fe‹.f w>fxk; td.fzJ (999)}wJRw*RpH;0J “, ck.fu±l>f(ch.fzH.ftJ;zf)/ unDw>frkmf p>f'.f0vJ RD $ rh>v
f >y0J'k w>fv>D v f > rJ>u
f s.J u
f sud >>feRH cHuyRv>R 'H.cf .h f b.fxGJ w>f*h>ftHR ch.f
uHmG fcJv>mfvDR”e‹.f pH;b.f0J ch.ftJ; xH.fb.feD.fw,>f v>yqDvDRwh>f w>fck.fuD.fu;u±l>f/ y'd.ftD.fp.fu ytd.fqDvDRo;e‹.f unDeD.fw,>f bH.fth.f ok;uh (333)˜ (666)˜ tJ;pH.q f ;J usdRoHu>G 0f 'J .f 'H.cf .h b f .H f
pH.fe.‹ fvDR$ tDRoh.fwz.f w>f[Jxk;uGHmftDR ±l>f'D; o.fwD.f[D.fu0DRvDRqDu±l>f ub.ftd.f0JxDbdvDR$ (777)'D; (999)ok;zdwz.f tw>f th.f ok;uh (999) ySRb.frlb.f'g
cDzsd etzok;cd.fok;e>f v>yrJmfcsHylRtHRe‹.f rRo;'fod;'D; oh.fwz.fe.‹ fvDR$ zJvgtDulmfxD.f 3oD cl.fxl [H;e‹>fw>fbH.fw>fb>'D; [; w*R'D; pH;q>0Jv>twoh.fng
v>e‹>yf .HF 'f .D (f aejynfawmf) eJ.v f RD ySR[J[H;e‹>fuHGmf0Jyw>fzdw>fvHR 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f ok;uh teHRe‹.f etzok;eJ.fvDRw>fuvk>f 'D;vDR0J rh.fyd>fwz.ftCd t0Joh.f xGJb.f t*h>fe‹.fvDR$
w>fuvk>f v>w>fub.frR&SJrRvJ v>y,lR,D.fymfuJtDRwcgvDR$” (5)v>or>0J'.f y,DRok;y'd.f uD>f v>ySRzD.pf u k 0JRzdwz.f zJv>Ekmv f RD uvJRzH;rRw>fv> usD;ylR˜ pHmfylR p;xD . f v > 2009eH . f
0JxHq>tCd etz ok;y>q>&J.f pH;0Je.‹ fvDR$ q>ok;w>f&J.fw>fusJRtHR ok;cd.f [;xD.f v>0h>fylRtq>uwD>fe‹.f uDcJ0JtCd wkR'.fvJmft0Joh.f vgtD;uxdb>.ftuwD>fcg 'H.f
usJRok;0JRvD>cf .d o f .h f puc(12)cd.f unD z D . f p k u 0J R u±l > f w*R pH;0Jv>w>ft0Je‹.f rh>f0J'.f wb.fuluRok;ulok;uRb.f/ b.fok;uhRvD>fusJ qlw>fvD>ft ch.fbH.fth.f ok;uh(999) 'k;,mfcd.f
ok;cd.f'd.fpd ch.frDRxh eJ.fvDRuhR0J'.f v>tywkmfw>fc;'D; y,DRok;y'd.f t0Jo.h t f bl.t f wD>v f RD $ uD>cf .d pf RD wb.fpmd w f >fpu k 0JRb.f/ zD.pf u
k 0JR *Rt*h>f unDuFdo&.f rRoud; ok;cd.f'd.fpd pDRcF‹Rol.f wDcd.f&d.frJ0J
w>fuvk>v f >u,Jr>h yf RS unDe.D w f oh.fwz.fe‹.f rh>f0JunDbl;';ok; b;tluHFpH;0J v>yySRunDtbl.f e‹>f zJv>ttd.f zJok;uv>RylR t w>fu±l>f(KTWG) pH;0J'.fvDR$ ok;uh (999)˜ (333)˜ (666)
,>fv>ttd.fzJ unDywkmfw>fc; ('H.fch.fbH.fth.f)/ unDw>frkmfw>f twD>fe.‹ f yub.fpH.fnD.f wDeHyu q>uwD>fvDR$ Ô KTWG w>fupD.f'D; ok;zd*H>fbg utd.fv> 600C.f
w>f&RvDR rl'gcd.f o&.ftJ.f'd.f0g C.f Ckm'f ;D cD.yf eH.w f eDR vJREkmv f RD
&:rwH rhOydIydIz;tCd oH 2*: bO'd 7*: pH;0J˜ “'H.fch.fbH.fth.f ok;wz.f cl.f
xl˜ us0D 'J .fo.h ˜f 0.fwz.f zJr>J u
f s.J f
0J zJrmk }f wDRuD>&f .h ˜f 'G.J v
f u
pdRCkmf0J'.f pJ;w>fzdw>fvHR˜ x&.f
d >D q f .fyRl

vgtDulmf 6oD˜ ch.ftJ;pH.f uGHmfcHcd.f”t*h>f pH;0J'.fvDR$ v>t0Joh.f tvD>fcH ySRul od;qh b.fxJG ySRqgv>t[J usdtuydmfuyRtrJmfng xHusd odvh.fz;'d.fwz.f v>ucl.fxlt
uD>fuFD.fwJ.f=uD>fy,DR “w>fyd>fz;e‹.f tuvk>f uRtuG‹uG‹(ajymufusm;)w*R wkR zJ&RrwHw>fqg[H.ef .‹ f &R*Rt u>>feHR cHuyRv>Re‹.f 'D;vDR0J rh.f *D>fvDR$ b.fq.f [D.fu0DR ch.ftJ.f
uD>qf > 0h>&f RrwHyRl weHRtHR rk>ef R oD.f z;'d.fngvDR$ ,ue.f t*H>f [J0J'D; Taxi (qkdifu,fvf)w *h>fe.‹ f ySRv>tbl;twH>fw*R pH;0J yd>fwz.ftCd o0Dzdwz.f u[; ,l.f ok;uh(5) ok;zdwz.f }wDq>
y,DReD.fxd.f 8;30e.f&H.ftq>u uql.fz;'d.fngvDR$ 0h>f&RrwHylR cd.f [JwRk 0HR rh.yf >d f yd>zf ;xD.0f 'J .fe.‹ f '.f't f RH vDR$ “ySRqge‹.f 7*RvDR$ ySR xD.f o0Dcs> uCkzH;CkrRt*D>fe‹.f c;tDRt0Joh.ftCd t0Joh.ft
wD>f rh.fyd>f yd>fz;xD.fwzs>.ftCd ySR ySRv>twe>f[l wtd.feDw*R vDR$ qgv>tb.ftd.f v>w>fqg[H.f rR0Jwohb.f$ tCd p;xD.fv> w>fcl.fxl w>frRe‹.f ymfywkRCmf0J
oHwbsDCD 2*R˜ b.f'd; 7*Rt*h>f b.f$”t*h>f ySRul.fvJRrRuRw>fzd w>fy>d x f .D t f Cd ySRoH cH e‹.f 4*R'D; ySRv>tb.f'd wpH;w vgthjzh.fvHRvHR'D; wkRq>uwD>f wqd.fwvD>f'D; p;xD.fzJw>fud.f
ch.ftJ;pH.f oh.fngb.fe‹.fvDR$ w*R pH;0J'.fvDR$ *Rtusg tw*Re‹.f wkR'.fvJmf rR uh>ef .‹ f 3*R'D; ySR 3*Re‹.f w>fx>Ekmf cJtRH o0D 3zs>.fyRl o0Dzd 370bs.J f cgv>RtuwD>f uhRp;xD.fuhR0J
ydmfrk.f v>ttd.fzJ0h>f&R w>fuJxD.fo;e‹.f zJb.f eD.ftDR wb.fv>Rb.f'D; v>tul e‹>ftDR uoH.f0HR uhRv>t[H.fvH e‹.f b.fymfwh>fuHGmf0J t[H.ftCD˜ tw>fzH;w>frRe‹.fvDR$ Ô
rwHw*R pH;0J˜ “rh.yf >d f yd>x
f .D f zJb ,h.feD.f (bk&ifhaemif)usJrk>f w>f od; qhuRuG‹uG‹w*Re‹.f teD>fcd e‹.fvDR$”
,h.feD.fusJ˜ w>fqgw>frk>feRcDzFgt bk.fq.fzduD>fzd phw>RtuyR w>f v>tzDcd.fwukRe‹.f zsD;uGHmf0J'.f'D; rh.fyd>f yd>fz;xD.fcJtHR rh>f
vD>f˜w>fqgw>folw>fo.f us;t qgw>folw>fo.fus; trJmfng'D; tzDvmfwukRe‹.f zsD;uGHmf0J v>e‹.f rw*Rtw>frRvJ.fe‹.f w>fwoh.f ok;cd.fus>>f oJReJ.f0h˜ uD>fcDcd.f cH*R wkR0J'.ftCd zJrk>fqgtuwD>f
rJmfngvDR$ yd>fz;xD.fwxH.fCDe‹.f zJqguvh'D; trgcH*R uyS‹R tD.f wuh˜ v>tHRwuht*h>f ySRv> ngtDR 'H;b.foemfuh q>uwD>cf J w*R ok;cd.u f s>>fzd pD.rf 'h ;D w>f'o D vJRorHord;0J'.f uD>fq>w>frHo
ySRcH*Re‹.f oHzsd;0Jv>e‹.fwuh˜ v> w>folw>fo.ftCd ywkRCmft tvJRxH.fb.f v>trJmfw*R pH;0J tHR v>0h>f&RrwHylR rk>fxD.fuvHR '>0JRusdR w>f&J.fusJR'k;,mfvDRqD rd;vD>f (*dwf)wz.fe‹.fvDR$ Ô
tHRwuh'D; (qkdifu,fvf)[;*DR qJ;uJR(qkdifu,fvf)tcgzJe‹.f '.fvDR$ xH;uD>cf D ok;0JRvD>cf .d o f .h f uD>cf cD .d f cd.f ok;cd.u
f s>>f*>D *f >h f chRpD.w
f z.f [J

unDw>upD.w>y&X/vgtDulm/2010eH./ubsH;yR=6
w±kw-f jrefrm a&umwmopf tpDtpOfrsm;tay: vufypfA;Hk a=umifh cv&
u&ifezD ŒHG òzd;a&; okawoetzGŒJ uef@uGu±
f w
_ c
f s (299) wyfzŒJG 0if 2OD;
=o*kwfv 10&uf? vGecf ahJ om ESpaf ygi;f (50)u u&if vufajymoGm;onf? onft h jyif jrefrmEkid if H tv,fyidk ;f '%f&m&&Sd
aemfjzLjzLoif; (autkid pf )D eDjynfe,f/ avmyDwwGif jrefrm ,ckuJhokd@ aemufxyf rS tvkyo f rm;rsm; ac:aqmifvm
u&ifezD ŒHG òzd;a&; okaw EkdifiH. yxrt}uD;qkH; a&tm; wnfaqmufrnfh a&umwm opf um a&umwm aqmufvkyfa&; =o*kwfv 21&uf? (autkdifpD) usrwkd@ ta&;ay:aqmifukd ykd@
oetzGJŒrS u&ifeDjynfe,fwGif v#yf p pf xk w f v k y f a &;pD r H u ef ; rsm;onf q,fpkESpfrsm;twGif; ypPnf;rsm;ukdvnf; wnfaqmuf jr0wDòrdŒ/ arwWmvif; vku d yf gw,f? odcsi&f if uk, d w
f idk f
wnfaqmufrnfh a&umwmopf wnfaqmufcahJ omfvnf; u,m; jrefrmppfwyf. pepfwus vl@t rnfhae&mokd@ pwifykd@aqmifae+yD òrdif&yfuGufY ,ae@reuf apm oGm;=unfEh idk yf gw,f”[k twnf
tpDtpOfrsm;udk jyif;jyif;xefxef jynfe,ftwGuf rnfonft h usK;d cGithf a&; csK;d azmufrr_ sm;jzpfonfh jzpfa=umif; xkwjf yefcsuw f iG f azmf apmwGif vufypfA;Hk jzifh ypfcsvu dk f ðy ajymqko d nf?
±_wcf suef@uu G +f yD; etzESihf 'gxm aus;Zl;rS r&&Sda=umif; xkwfjyef tpkvu dk f tòyHvu kd f t"rR ajymif; jyxm;onf? jcif;a=umifh vkòH cHa&;wm0ef,x l m; '%f & m&oG m ;onf h
ukr`%Dwkd@. tpDpOfrsm;ukd csuf azmfjyxm;onf? a&$ Œ r_ / aus;&G m rD ; ±_ d Œ zsuf q D ; r_ / etzESihf 'gxm ukr% ` D onfh etz wyfzŒJG 0ifEpS Of ;D acgi;f etz wyfzŒJG 0ifrsm;rSm puc(19)
csif; &yfwef@&ef awmif;qkdxm; “'DudpPu usaemfwkd@ owfjzwfr_/ n‡if;yrf;ESdyfpufr_ESifh wk d @ . csKyf q k d x m;onf h xk d e m; ESihf vufrsm;wGif '%f&m&&So d mG ;cJh vufatmufcH cv&(299)rS 'k
a=umif; u&ifezD ŒHG òzd;a&; okawo u trsm;}uD; awGŒcJ&h +yD;+yD? avm trsKd;orD;rsm;tm; t"rRðyusifh vnfr_ pmc|ev f m$ wGif u&ifejD ynf a=umif; jr0wDòrdŒcHwpfO;D u ajym Akv
d v f id_ rf ;dk 28ESpEf iS hf wyfom; rsK;d
etzGŒJ (KDRG). xkwfjyefcsuf yd w wk d @ / rk d ; +AJ a &umwmwk d @ um tEkid u f siahf pmfum;r_rsm; óuHK e,fwiG ;f obufacsmif;wGif v#yf jyonf? rif; 23ESpfwkd@jzpf=uonf[k au
wGif azmfjyxm;onf? aqmuf w k e f ; u u,m;jynf awGŒcHpm;ae&jcif;ESifh ywfoufI ppf"mwftm; 110 rD*g0yfEiS hf yGef olu “reufu 2em&D tkdifpDu pkHprf;od&Sd&onf?
etz ppf t k y f p k E S i f h e,frmS rD;xdex f ed v f if;ap&r,fqdk vnf; cl;awmf&,fu qufvuf acsmif;wGif v#ypf pf"mwftm; 130 avmuf arwWmvif;òrdif&yfuGuf tqkdyg vufypfAkH;rSm
,l e ef j ynf e ,f / 'gxm a&tm; +yD ; awmh uwd a wG a y;w,f ? ajymqkdonf? rD*g0yf toD;oD; xkwv f yk af y;Ekid f rSm ppfwyfvòHk cHa&;ae&mukd vuf rnfo@l vufcsurf eS ;f rod&ao;bJ
v#yf p pf xk w f v k y f a &;uk r ` % D aemufawmh bmrSvnf; r[kwf “'Dv#yfppftm;awGudk rnf h a&umwmrsm;uk d v nf ; ypfAkH;eJ@ vSrf;ypfcH&vkd@ '%f&m& arwWmvif;òrdifwGif ,ae@ðyvkyf
(Datang (Yunnan) United vmbl;av”[k u&ifeDzGHŒòzd;a&; ppftpk;d &u w±kwu f dk yk@d w,f? +yD; wnfaqmufoGm;&ef yg&Sdonf? oGm;w,fv@dk od&w,f? aq;±ku H dk onfh 'DaubDat (907) wyfzŒJG .
Hydropower Developing Co) ok a woetzG J Œ rS wm0ef c H cl ; awmh ol w k d @ awG a':vmawG & ‚if;tjyif ppftkyfpk. a&mufvmwmawmh reuf 6em&D e,fjcm;apmifw h yfziG yhf t
JG wGuf vkH
wkd@onf 2010ckESpf Zefe0g&Dv awmf&,fu ajymonf? r,f? tJ'gawGukd tm%m&Si&f ŒJ zd ajrvSepf pfqifa&;rsm;a=umifh xkid ;f avmufraS v”[k qko d nf? òcHa&;,lxm;olrsm;udk xdrSefoGm;
(7)&ufae@wGif &Gmopfaus;&Gmt ,if;pDru H ed ;f a=umifh a' ESdyfa&; ,E W&m;rSm olwkd@jyefokH; Ekid if t
H wGi;f ckv d aH_ e&onfh aomif; xkdudpPESifh ywfoufI jcif;jzpfonf?
eD ; v#yf p pf " mwf t m; rD * g0yf ocH 12˜000ausmw f @dk onf tjcm; w,f? 'kuaQ wGudk vlxak wGu cH& ESifhcsDaom u&ifeD'kuQonfrsm; jr0wDaq;±kHrS q&m0efwpfOD;u ,ck v 6&uf a e@u
(600) xkwfay;Ekdifonfh a&um a'orsm;ok@d twif;t"rR ajymif; w,f? 'guawmh rw&m;bl;”[k onf xkdif;EkdifiH/ rJa[mifaqmifc “Ak;H xdvel mawmh 'Dae@EpS af ,muf vnf; jr0wDòrdŒ naps;wef;wGif Ak;H
wmwpfck aqmufvyk &f ef ESpzf uf a&$ŒcHc&hJ +yD; v#ypf pf"mwftm; 95 autkid pf u D dk ajymonf? ±kid &f dS u&ife'D uk o Q nfpcef; trSwf a&muf w mwm [k w f y gw,f ? aygufuGJr_a=umifh 2OD; yGJcsif;+yD;
em;vnfr_ pmcéefvm$ vufrw S af &; &mckdifE_ef;udk jrefrmjynf a'ot ESpfzuf oabmwlpm (1)ESihf trSw(f 2)wGif aexkid v f #uf 'gayrJh '%f&mu odyrf jyif;ygb;l ? aoqk;H um 7OD; '%f&m&&SdcJhaomf
xkd;cJhjcif;ESifh a&umwmopf tpD oD;oD;ok@d yk@d aqmifay;cJ+h yD; puf±Hk csKyfcsKyf+yD;csdefrSpI &GmopfteD;&Sd &S+d yD; 'kuo Q nfaygi;f 20˜000eD;yg; &S y f x d ± k H o abmrsKd ; avmuf y gyJ ? vnf; w&m;cHudk rod&&dS ay?
tpOf r sm;tay: u&if e D v l x k r S vkHòcHa&;twGuf ajrðrðr‡yfrkdif;rsm; ausmuf u sOf ; wG i f a&umwm &Sad =umif; od&onf? Ô
qef@usifuef@uGufcJhjcif;jzpfonf? onf u&ifev D x l t k wGuf pk;d &drpf aqmufvyk &f ef vkt d yfonfh wkid ;f
u&if e D v l x k w k d @ onf &mwpf c k jzpf a ea=umif ; quf wmr_ukd 2 }udrfwkdifwkdif ðyvkyfcJh

'DaubDat (999)rS wyfzŒJG 0if 20OD;cef@ vufeufrsm;ESit


hf wl
Akv
d r
f LS ;}uD;apmvm;yG,x f H yl;aygif;
tcrf;tem ðyvkyfawmhrnfjzpf
=o*kwfv 10&uf? 'DaubDat opPmwnfwyf&if;u wmjzpfr,f”[k ajymonf? ausmEf iS hf usnq f rH sm; yg&o dS nf[k wyftjzpf vufrSwfa&;xkd;jcif;
a=umif; twnfrðyEkdifao;onfh
eef;xl;pH (autkdifpD) wyfom;awGjzpfw,f? 6&ufae@ opP m wnf w yf & if ; / od&onf? rsm; vkyfaqmifv#uf&Sdonf?
owif;rsm;t& od&onf?
ppf t pk d ; &. e,f j cm; u 16a,mufe@J olw@dk ro d m;pkw wyfcGJ (2)rSL; OD;pD;aom 'DatbD ppftpkd;&wyfonf , 'DaubDat wyfzGJŒt
+yD ; cJ h o nf h =o*k w f v
apmifw h yf toGiaf jymif;rnft h a&; csKd Œ ygw,f ? rae@uawmh 3 attzGJŒonf e,fjcm;apmifhwyf ckvqef;ykdif;rSpI e,fjcm;apmifh wGi;f Akv d rf LS ;}uD; apmvm;yG,f OD;
3&ufae@u 'DaubDat (902)
uk d vuf r cH o nf h 'D a ubD a t a,muf xyfa&mufvmw,f? ol ukd vufrcHbJ jiif;qefv#uf&Sd wyf 0ifrnfo h rl sm;udk vufcv H #uf pD;aom wyfr[m(5)rSvI JG usef
wyf&if;rS wyfzŒJG 0if 6OD; vufeuf
(999)wyfr[mrS t&m&Sid ,f wpf wk d @ u txuf u vl } uD ; awG e J @ onfh AkdvfrSL;}uD;apmvm;yG,f. &S&d m jr0wDòrdŒ&Sd 'DaubDat wyf onf'h aD ubDatwyfr[mrsm;onf
rsm;ESifhtwl aumhu&dwfòrdŒe,f
OD;yg0ifonfh wyfzŒJG 0if 20cef@onf qufoG,f+yD;awmh vmwmvkd@yJ wyfzGJŒESifh oGm;a&mufyl;aygif;&m r[m(5)rS uvkd@xl;abmAsL[m e,fjcm;apmifhwyf toGifajymif;
tajcpku d f autJe, f . l u&ift
,ck&ufykdif;twGif; AkdvfrSL;}uD; od&w,f? usaemfw@dk u a&SŒwef; wGif ‚if;wk@d EiS t
hf wl vufeuf}uD; rSL; Akvd rf LS ;apmrkwo f ek af etdrEf iS hf a&;ukd vufcaH =umif; oabmwl
rsK;d om;vGwaf jrmufa&;wyfrawmf
apmvm;yG,f (Akv d Ef w _ cf rf;ar$;) OD; rSmqkad wmh tao;pdwf rodb;l ” 60rr 1vuf/ RPG 1vuf/ M0- tjcm; etz wyfpcef;rsm;Y 'Dau vufrSwfa&;xkd;cJh=u+yD; vmrnfh
(autJ e f t ,f v f a t) wyf & if ;
pD;aom 'DaubDat wyfr[m(5) [k autkid pf u D dk ajymonf? 16 1vuf/ M-79 1vuf/ armfwm bDat wyfzGJŒ0ifrsm;ukd emrnf/ =o*kwv f 20&ufae@wiG f 'DaubD
(18)xH oGm;a&mufy;l aygi;f cJo h vkd
wyfzGJŒokd@ oGm;a&mufyl;aygif;cJh tqk d y gud p P E S i f h ywf -16 2vuf tygt0if vufeuf ukd,fykdifeHygwfrsm; ar;jref;um atXmecsKyf òrdi}f uD;iltxl;a'oY
Zlvidk v
f 11&ufae@Yvnf; u&if
a=umif; od&onf? oufI opPmwnfwyf&if; wyf }uD ; i,f pk p k a ygif ; tvuf 20 "mwfykH±kduf,l+yD; e,fjcm;apmifh e,fjcm;apmifw h yf wHqyd w
f yfziG yhf JG
jynfe,f zm;tHc±kdif/ v_dif;bGJòrdŒ
'DaubDat wyfr[m &if;rSL; Akv
d u
f wk;H ukd qufo, G af r;
a&S@wef;a'owGif awG@&onfh 'DaubDat ppfom;tcsKdΠe,f rJhp&D*GiftwGif; v_yf&Sm;ae
(999) vufatmufcH 'kAkdvfrSL; jref;I r&aomfvnf; 'DaubDat
onf h 'D a ubD a t wyf r [m
}uD;apmuwkH; OD;pD;onfh opPm wyfr[m(999) vufatmufcH
(999)/ txl;wyf&if;rS wyfprk LS ;OD;
wnfwyf&if;rS wyfcGJrSL; Akdvf}uD; txl;wyf&if;rS wyf&if;rSL; 'kAv dk f
aqmifonfh 7 OD;tzGŒJ onf vuf
apmbvkd@ tygt0if 16OD;onf rSL;}uD; apmarmif0if;u ,ckvdk t
euftjynfhtpkHESifhtwl autJef
=o*k w f v 6&uf a e@wG i f v nf ; wnfðyajymqkdonf?
t,fvfat wyfr[m(7)xH yl;
aumif;/ aemufxyfwyfzŒJG 0if 3OD; ol u “[k w f y gw,f ?
aygif;cJhao;onf?
onf ,refae@uvnf;aumif; 10a,muf a usmf oG m ;w,f v k d @
vuf&dS tiftm; 4000
vufeufcJ,rf;rsm;ESifhtwl jr0 usaemf od&w,f? olw@dk u e,f
ausmf&Sdonfh wkd;wufaom Ak'<
wDòrdŒe,f/ a0:avtajcpku d f Akvd f jcm;apmifhwyf rjzpfcsifbl;? bkef;
bmom u&iftrsKd;om; wyfr
rSL;}uD; apmvm;yG,. f wyfr[m }uD; wyfrawmfyJ jzpfcsi=f uw,f
awmf ('DaubDat)wGif wyfr[m
(5) wyfzGJŒxHokd@ vma&mufyl; av? 'gayrJh tJ'DvlawGu e,f
(333)/ (555)/ (666)/ (777)/
aygi;f cJo
h nf[k a0:av&Sd 'DaubD jcm;apmifhwyfjzpfzkd@ tm;vkH; em
(999)ES i f h wyf r [m(5)wk d @ &S d + yD ;
at wyfrLS ;wOD;u ajymonf? rnfay;xm;+yD;om;yJ? [kb d ufrmS
e,f j cm;apmif h w yf u d k vuf r cH
'DaubDat wyfr[m olwkd@ acgif;aqmifa[mif;awG &Sd
onfh wyfr[m(5)rSm 'kw, d tif
(5)rS wyfrLS ;wOD;u “olw@dk awGu w,fav? olwkd@ukd ac:vkd@oGm;
tm;trsm;qkH;jzpfonf? Ô

ppfreS o
f nfh 'Dru
kd a&pDpepft& vGwv
f yf+yD; w&m;r#wonfh a&G;aumufyjJG zpfa&; jynfot
l m;vH;k wGif wm0ef&o
dS nf/
u&ifowif;pOf/ -o*kwfv/ 2010 ckESpf? pmrsufESm 9
rdrx
d uftouf 70 i,faom cifye G ;f ukd 17&uf wGi;f xJ
xde;f odr;f xm;&ef v#KdŒ0Suq f ef;=u,f tESy d yf nmok;H onfh ydwr f o d al wG touf&i S f
tzGm;tkd aygi;f azmfomG ;a=umif; tzGm;tku
d jzpfonfh 0wfðyqkawmif;r_rsm;ukd aumif;ap&ef taxmuftulðy =o*kwfv 23&uf/ 2010/ (bDbDpD) pmxJrSm olwkd@ nDnGwfpGm t
csv
D ED ikd if rH mS +yD;cJw
h hJ 17 ouf&iS v
f suf &Syd gao;w,f? ae@
qk d o nf ? ,if ; ES d y f e nf ; twG u f rjywfruGuf aqmif&Gufjcif;u onf[k ,kH=unfrda=umif; ajym
rdrdxuf touf 70 wpfem&Dr# tcsed , f &l a=umif;/ xkd vnf ; td r f a xmif a &;wG i f uH =um;oGm;onf? &uftwGif; a&$eJ@ a=u;eDwGif;rSm tvif;a&mifudk jrifcsiyf gw,f? rd
i,faom cifyeG ;f ukd xde;f odr;f xm; okd@tESdyfcH&jcif;u vifESifhr,m; ydwrf ad ewJh rkid ;f wGi;f tvkyo f rm; om;pk a wG e J @ jyef q k H q nf ; csif y g
&ef t wG u f v#Kd Π0S u f q ef ; =u,f =um; oHa,mZOf ,SufEG,fr_ukd 33 a,muf touf&Sifaeao; w,fvkd@ rkdif;wGif; vkyfom;awG
aom a&S;a[mif;tESyd yf nmwpfO;D tm;aumif;ckdifrmoGm;apa=umif; a=umif; tquftoG,f&+yDvkd@ a&;xm;a=umif; orRw yifn&J mh
ukd tok;H ðyaea=umif; rav;&Sm;rS uGefa':u &Sif;jycJhonf? orRw qDbwfpwD,rf yifn&J mh u &Sif;jycJhygw,f?
touf&mausmf tzGm;tkdwpfOD; olru tzkd;wef ESdyf u ajymygw,f? Atacama tuf w m

u 0efcaH jym=um;cJo h nf? enf;tm; jzef@a0oif=um;ay;&ef ydwrf ad ewJh v_% d af cgi;f urm oJuE Wm&xJrSm&SdwJh vkyf
touf 108 ESp&f adS e+yD jiif;qefcJhaomfvnf; xkdESdyfenf; uae olwkd@ touf&Sifvsuf&Sd ief;cGif oGm;vma&;t"du v_% d f
jzpfonfh tzGm;tkd 0kueG af ':onf onf vlwpfO;D . cE<muk, d &f dS tm±kH a=umif; pm&Gufay:rSma&; tod acgif;òydusoGm;cJh+yD;wJhaemuf ajr
olr. 23a,mufajrmuf cifyeG ;f cH&mwGif tm;aumif;aom tpdwf ay;cJhwm jzpfw,fvkd@ tpkd;;&ykdif atmufrDwm 700rSm rkdif;wGif;
jzpfol 38 ESpft&G,f rGefaemfcsDrl tykid ;f rsm;ukd t"du ypfrw S x f m; ±kyfjrifoH=um;rSm azmfjyxm;yg vkyfom;awG ydwfrdcJhwm jzpfyg
qmtm; ,if;tESyd yf nmjzifh zrf; E_d;qGukdifwG,f&a=umif; t&dyft w,f? w,f?
pm;xm;jcif;jzpfonf? olru rl ¹rGuf ajym=um;cJo h nf? 'gt
h jyif rkid ;f wGi;f &JΠt rkdif;wGif; tvkyform;
qmonf tjcm;aom rde;f uav; touft&G,f tkdrif; euf q k H ; ae&m/ v_ d % f a cgif ; vrf ; awGudk u,fxkwfzkd@ vtawmf
rsm;ta=umif; ajymqkdonfESifh vmcsed w f iG f tdraf xmifa&;tqifr a=umif; tv,fuae 'Duae@ t =um tcsdef,l&vdrfhr,fvkd@ u|rf;
,if;ESdyfenf;jzifh ESdyfe,fay;vkduf ajyonfh tdref ;D csi;f rsm;ukd olrt a=umif;=um;pmudk &cJhwmjzpf+yD; usifolawGu ajymygw,f?
&m olrxHwGifom aumfESifhuyf aeESifh tawmfrsm;rsm; awGŒcJhzl;
xm;ovk d +rJ + rH a eapcJ h a =umif ;
ajym=um;cJhonf?
a=umif;/ xko d @dk aom udprP sK;d ukd vk;H
0pdwfrylrda=umif; uGefa':u qkd
ygupPwefa&ab;
rl q mrwk d i f r D cif y G e f ;
onf 22 OD;pvk;H onfvnf; xkt d
onf? uGmvmbm&rfwiG f cifyeG ;f
ESifhtwl aexkdifonfh uGefa':u
taxmuftul
ESdyfynma=umifhyif uGefa':tm;
‚if;wk@d aoqk;H onftxd opPm&S&d dS
olronf rdrdukd,fukd,f oef@&Sif;
atmif t+rJ*±kpkduf+yD; ae@pOfðy+rJ
a':vmoef; 200 ausmf&&Sd

tD&wf ppfom;pkaqmif;a&;pcef;rSm taocH


Ak;H cGr
J a_ =umifh vl 61 OD;aoqk;H
t*Fgae@ 17&uf? =o*kwfv/ 2010 owf r S w f x m;wmrk d @ wef ; pD a e xm;ygw,f? cif tD & wf w yf a wG [ m vl t if
(AGt
D adk t) =uwJh vltkyf}uD;ukd ypfrSwfxm; quf'rf[pl ed f (Sadda tm; awmifhwif;vmzkd@twGuf
tD&wfEidk if H b*~'ufòrdŒ +yD; Ak;H cGJ wkud fcu dk cf w
hJ mvk@d jynfxJ m Hussein) vufxufu um vkyfaqmifaeygw,f?
awmfu ppfom;pkaqmif;a&; A[kd a&; 0ef}uD;Xme t&m&SdwOD;u uG,fa&;0ef}uD;Xme taqmuf tckvkd AkH;cGJwkdufckdufr_
Ak'<[l; 18&uf? =o*kwfv 2010 tul t nD xyf w k d ; ay;r,f h t
Xme tjyifbufrmS taocH Ak;H cGJ ajymygw,f? tOD;ae&m tjyifbufrmS t=urf; awG &Sad eayrJh tD&wfEidk if uH tar
(ADtG adk t) a=umif;ukd Ekid if jH cm;a&;0ef}uD; [D
wku d cf u
dk w
f m cHc&hJ wJt h wGuf t +yD ; cJ h w J h oD w if ; ywf zuform;awG tckaemufq;Hk ypf &d u ef w yf a wG qk w f c G m ay;r,f h
ygupPwefEkdifiHu a& vm&D u vif w ef (Hillary
enf;qk;H vl 61 OD; aoqk;H +yD; 125 rGwfqvifawG&JΠOykofv pwif rSwxf m; wkud cf u
dk w
f ahJ e&mjzpf+yD; udprP mS tajymif;tvJawG&rdS mS r
ab;'%foifh a'oawGrmS ta&; Clinton) u a=unmoG m ;zk d @ &S d
OD;ausmf '%f&m&cJw h ,fv@dk tD&wf cJ h c sd e f u p+yD ; 'g[m taot qufwkduf wkdufckdufr_awGeJ@ tD [kwfbl;vkd@ tar&duef orRw
ay: tultnDawG axmufyahH y;zk@d w,fv@dk tar&duef tpk;d & t&m
tm%mykdifawGu ajymygw,f? aysmuf trsm;qk;H twku d t
f cku d f &wfvkHòcHa&;wyfawG&JŒ pdwf"mwf tdrjf zLawmfu ajym=um;ygw,f?
twGuf +yD;cJhwJh tywftwGif; &SdawGu ajymygw,f?
b*~'ufrSm ppfom;pk cHc&hJ wm jzpfygw,f? 'DOykov f t ukd prf;oyfaeygw,f?
awmif;qkdxm;wJh tar&duefa': ul n D u ,f q ,f a &;
aqmif;a&;twGuf t*F gae@ukd pm wGif; wkdufcdkufr_awG wkd;+yD; vkyf tar&duefwyfawG 'D
vm oef; 460 &JΠw0ufudk vuf vkyfief;awGtwGuf tar&duef
&if ; ay;zk d @ aemuf q k H ; ae@tjzpf r,fvkd@ olykefawGu +cdrf;ajcmuf vukef tD&wfu xGufcGmroGm;
cH&&SdcJh+yDvkd@ ukvor*~u ajymyg a':vm oef; 90 tjyif tar&d
w,f? uef ppfwyfuae u,fq,fa&;

refp;D wD; wku


d p
f pfrLS ; a&mfbif[t
dk m; atpDrv
D eftoif; EkdifiHwum rdom;pkxH
uae a':vm 228 oef;eD;yg; t
vkyif ef;awGe@J ava=umif;yk@d aqmif
a&; vkyfief;awGtwGuf ulnD

,l±dk 18oef;jzifh t+yD;owfac:,l vSLaiGawG vufcH&&Sdxm;+yD; jzpf


w,f v k d @ Ak ' < [ l ; ae@u ajymqk d
axmufyrhH _ a':vm oef;aygi;f rsm;
pGmukd tar&duef jynfaxmifpu k
vku d +f yD;awmh tultnDawGudk t ay;vSLxm;+yD; jzpfygw,f?
atpD r D v ef toif ; rlwnfI refpD;wD; toif;xHokd@ jrefq;Hk enf;eJ@ xyf+yD; xnf0h if=u ygupPwefrSm rkwfokef
onf refp;D wD;toif;rS b&mZD;vf xyfrHay;acs&rnfjzpfonf? zkd@ukdvnf; ukvor*~u wkduf rkd;awG tjyif;txef &GmoGef;+yD;
wkdufppfrSL; a&mfbif[kdtm; ,l±kd a&mfbif[kdtm; ac:,l wGef;vkdufygw,f? a&}uD ; vk d @ ck d i f b mywf c f w G e f c G m
18oef;ay;um t+yD;owf ac:,l EkdifcJhjcif;a=umifh rDveftoif;. Oa&myor*~u Ak'[ < ;l (Khyber-Paktunkhwa)/ yef*syf
Ekid cf ahJ =umif; od&onf? wk d u f p pf r S m tvG e f t if t m; ae@rSm ulnDaxmufyHhaiGukd pkpk (Punjab)eJ@ qif;'f (Sindh) jynf
tapmykdif;u wpfESpf awmifhwif;vmcJh+yDjzpf+yD; topf aygi;f a':vm oef; 90 txd 2 e,fawGrSm cef@rSef;acs vlaygif;
tiSm;jzifh OD;pGm ac:,lz, G &f o
dS nf ac:,lxm;onfh tDA&m[ifrkdApf qeD;yg; xyfw;dk +yD; ulncD yhJ gw,f? 1˜600 aoqk;H cJ&h +yD; vlaygi;f oef;
[k owif;rsm; xGufay:cJhaomf ESithf wl a&mfe,f'if[/dk ygww dk @dk rmS e,l;a,mufòrdŒrSm 'Du 20 avmuf 'kuQa&mufcJh=u&yg
vnf; rDveftoif;taejzifh ,l±dk òydib f uftoif;. aemufwef;rsm; ae@ ðyvkyrf ,fh ukvor*~ taxG w,f? avmavmq,f vlaygif;
18oef;ay;um 4ESpf pmcsKyfwpf twGuf a=umufrufzG,f tif axG nDvmcH txl;tpnf;ta0; 650˜000 ausmf[m trkd;tum
&yftm; csKyfqcdk jhJ cif;jzpfonf? xk@d tm;pkwpf&yf jzpfvmawmhrnf rSm tar&duef jynfaxmifpku r&Sbd J aeae=u&w,fv@dk ukvo
jyif upm;orm;. ajcpGrf;tay: jzpfonf? vnf; ygupPweftwGuf a&ab; r*~u ajymygw,f?

ppfreS o
f nfh 'Dru
kd a&pDpepft& vGwv
f yfy_ ;D w&m;r#wonfh a&G;aumufyjJG zpfa&; jynfot
l m;vH;k wGif wm0ef&o
dS nf/
u&ifowif;pOf/ -o*kwfv/ 2010 ckESpf? pmrsufESm 10
urBm'
h w
k , d t}uD;qk;H pD;yGm;a&;ae&mtwGuf tD&wfu
w±kwE f i
S hf *syef tòydit
f qki
d f óud;yrf;ae tar&duefwyfawG
,ckESpf yxrESpf0uf tiftm;t}uD;qkH; pD;yGm;a&;jzpf rsm;u ar#mfrSef;xm;onf? *sD'DyD um urBmhwwd, t}uD;qkH; pD; t+yD;owfqw
k cf mG
wGif *syefpD;yGm;a&;onf w±kwf a=umif; =o*kwv f 17&ufae@wiG f ESifh wGufcsufygu w±kwfonf yGm;a&; jzpfvmcJo
h nf?
xuf omvGeu f m urBm'h x
k , d t ajym=um;cJhonf? *syef. 'kwd, 2007 ckESpfwGif *smreDukd ausmf ElevenrS ul;,lazmfjyxm;onf? tD&wfEkdifiHrSm &SdaewJh rpPwmrmvduDu ckcHajymqkdae
}uD;qkH; ae&mukd qufvuf&&SdcJh okH;vywf *sD'DyDonf a':vm 1 tar&duefwkdufckdufa&; wyfzGJΠwmvnf; jzpfygw,f?
a=umif; *syeftpkd;& wm0ef&Sdol 'or 288 x&DvsH &Scd +hJ yD; w±kwf awG[m w&m;0ifqw k cf mG &r,ft h wk d u f c d k u f a &;wyf z G J Œ
wpfOD;u =o*kwfv 16&ufae@ . *s'D yD uD a':vm 1 'or 336 csdef usa&mufvmyg+yD? awG ±kyo f rd ;f oGm;ayr,fh t}uHay;
wGif ajym=um;cJo h nf? x&DvsH &SdcJha=umif; *syeftpkd;& tD&wf0ef}uD;csKyf aemf eJ@ taxmuftulay;a&; tcef;
{+yDvrS ZGefvtwGif; udef;*%ef;rsm;u qkdonf? xkd@ &Dt,fvfrmvduDu tar&duef u¾awGrmS yg0ifaqmif&u G zf @dk t
*syef *s'D yD o
D nf a':vm 2 'or a=umifh 'kwd,okH;vywfwGif w wyfzGJŒawGr&Sd&if tD&wfEkdifiH &Sif wGuf tar&duefwyfzŒJG ig;aomif;
578 x&DvsH &Scd +hJ yD; w±kw. f a': ±kwo f nf *syefuadk usmu f m urBmh oef&yfwnfz@dk rjzpfEidk b f ;l vk@d ajym qufvuf&adS eOD;r,fv@dk qydk gw,f?
vm 2 'or 532 x&DvsEH iS hf E_id ;f 'kwd,t}uD;qkH; pD;yGm;a&;jzpfcJh wJo h u l dk Ekid if aH wmf&ŒJ &efot l jzpf olwkd@tm;vkH;ukd
,SOfygu omvGefcJha=umif; *syef onf? *syefu ESpf 40=um &,l owfrw S o f mG ;r,fv@dk ajymvku d yf g aemufEpS rf mS ±kyo f rd ;f ay;oGm;r,f
0ef}uD;csKyf±;Hk u ajym=um;cJo h nf? xm;aom urBmh 'kw, d t}uD;qk;H w,f? vk@d tar&duefbufu oabmwl
ok@d aomf w±kwEf idk if u
H pD;yGm;a&;ae&mudk w±kwu f ,ck ±kyfjrifoH=um; rdef@cGef; nDxm;+yD; jzpfygw,f? tar&duef
*syef u k d a usmf u m urB m h ' k w d , ESpwf iG f &,lEidk af =umif; avhvmol wckrmS 0ef}uD;csKyft,fvrf mvduD tpk d ; &taeeJ @ tD & wf u k d quf
u tD&wfEkdifiH[m tcsKyftjcm vufaxmufcHaeOD;r,fqkdwmukd
tm%meJ@ vGwfvyfa&;jyefvnf jyotmrcHz@dk twGuf tar&duef
tqdy& f IdS usef;rma&;twGuf roifah wmfaom &&SdcJh+yDvkd@ ajymcJhygw,f? 'k o rR w *sKd ; bk d i f ' if tD & wf u k d
tD&wfwyfzGJŒawGeJ@ &J a&muf&Sdaeygw,f?
usif;xkEH iS hf Baby Care jcifaq;acGrsm;ukd tzG J Œ [m wk d i f ; jynf v k H ò cH a &;uk d
(bDbpD )D
xdef;odrf;apmifha&SmufEkdifw,fvkd@
wm;jrpfyw d o f r
d ;f aom 0²04 &mckid Ef e_ ;f xuf ausmf }uD;XmerS wm0ef&SdolwpfOD;u tD&wfwyfawG qkwcf mG zk@d jyifqifae
vGeaf e+y;D usi;f xkjH cifaq;teD;wGif ajym=um;cJhonf? tqkdygjcifaq;
=o*k w f v 5&uf ? View onfxuf ykrd ydk g0ifaeonfudk ppf 0²1159 &mckid Ef e_ ;f / tjyma&mifwiG f acG o nf tjcm;jcif a q;acG r sm;
clementzaw's blog aq;awGŒ&Sd&ojzifh wm;jrpfydwf 0²641 &mckdifE_ef;txd yg0ifae xuf yef;em&if=uyfESifh touf
xGef;nd‡xm;v#if jcif od r f ; vk d u f a =umif ; owif ; &&S d a=umif; "mwfcGJprf;oyfr_rsm;t& &SLvrf;a=umif; qkdif&m a&m*grsm;
rsm; ðywfusaoqk;H onfudk awGŒ& onf? od&onf[k =um;od&onf? tay: ykq d ;dk apaom oufa&mufr_
ojzifh aps;uGuftwGif; vlóuduf tqk d y g jcif a q;rsm; xkdokd@ tqdyf"mwf yg &Sad pEkid +f yD; uav;oli,frsm;teD;
rsm;aeaom w±kwEf idk if v H yk f usi;f onf w&m;0if rSwfykHwifxm; 0ifr_rsm;aoma=umifh jcifrsm;ukd xGef;&ef vkH;0roifhawmfa=umif;
xkjH cifaq;acGEiS hf Baby Care jcif aom jcifaq;rsm; r[kwb f J yg0if usaoap+yD; vlóudurf sm;aeaom ‚if;u qufvufajym=um;oGm;
aq;acGrsm;wGif tqdyt f medoif&dS aom Meperfluthrim qkw d m "m a=umifh aps;uGurf mS vku d v
f o
H rd ;f onf?
aom "mwkypPnf;rsm; cGifhðyxm; wkypPn;f yrm%rSm owfrw S x
f m; qnf;ae&a=umif; use;f rma&;0ef

urBmt h qif(h 1) a*gufo;D orm; wkud * f g;0k'E


f i
S hf
qG'
D ifarmf',f t,fvifaemf'* D &efw@dk . (6)ESp=f um
tdraf xmifa&;tqk;H owf Safeway Classic
rSm vkH;0tqkH;owfoGm;cJh+yDjzpf &Sd&onf?
urBmheHygwf(1) a*guf ',fa[mif; t,fvifaemf'D*&ef a=umif; od&&dS onf? touf(34) wk d u f * g;0k ' f u rl a': trsKd;orD;a*gufo;D
d *f g;0k'Ef iS hf qG'D ifarmf wkd@. (6)ESpf=um tdrfaxmifa&; ESpt
oD;orm; wku f &G,&f dS wku d *f g;0k'Ef iS hf (30)ESpf vm (39)oef;cef@om avsmaf =u;
t&G,&f dS t,fvifw@dk onf 2004 ay;acsvkdaomfvnf; zavmf&D'g ±ku
d òf ydiy
f w
JG i
G f *syefrS
ck E S p f t wG i f ; u vuf x yf c J h + yD ; jynfe,fw&m;±kH;rS a':vmoef;
vuf&SdtcsdefY uav;(2)OD; &&Sd
xm;a=umif; od&&dS onf?
(100) (aygif 64²4oef;) ay;acs
&ef qk;H jzwfcohJ nf[k tar&duef
rD,mZmwkd tEki d &
f Akv
d p
f JG
wkduf*g;0k'fonf +yD;cJh rD',D mrsm;u azmfjycJo h nf? t,f
*syeftrsKd;orD; a*guf òydifyGJrSm (54)usif; (3
onfEh pS f Ek0d ifbmvtwGi;f u t vifonf wkduf*g;0k'fESifh uGm&Sif;
oD;r,f rD,mZmwkdonf usif;y &ufòydiyf )JG ,SOòf ydi&f onfh òydiyf jJG zpf
rsKd;orD;tajrmuftjrm;ESifh vdif &ef pmrsufESm (3)rsufESmyg t
+yD;pD;oGm;cJo h nfh Safeway Cla- +yD; rD,mZmwko d nf pkpak ygi;f ±ku d f
t±_yftaxG;rsm; ay:aygufcJh+yD; csuftvufrsm;ESifhwuG wifjycJh
ssic a*gufoD;±kdufòydifyGJY tEkdif& csuf (-11) ±ku d Ef idk cf o
hJ nf? ,if;yGJ
aemuf ,cktcsdefwGif ‚if;wkd@. +yD; olronf +yD;cJhonfhESpf Ekd0if
AkdvfpGJoGm;cJha=umif; od&Sd&onf? wGif AkdvfpGJcJhjcif;twGuf qka=u;
tdrfaxmifa&;ukd tqkH;owfcJh& bmvuwnf;u vrf;cGJ&ef qkH;
rD,mZmwkdonf ,if; a':vm (2²25)odef; &&SdoGm;cJh+yD;
onfh tajctaetxd a&muf&Sd jzwfcJh+yD;jzpfonf[k ajym=um;cJh
òydiyf YJG Akv
d pf cJG jhJ cif;tygt0if ,ck ,ckESpftwGif; qka=u;trsm;qkH;
oGm;cJhjcif;jzpfonf? wkduf*g;0k'f onf? zavmf&'D gw&m;±k;H rS a&SŒae
ESptf wGi;f PGA Tour yGJpOfrsm;Y a*gufoD;r,fpm&if;wGif xdyfqkH;
onf t,f v if a emf ' D * &ef t m; rsm;url ‚if ; wk d @ vrf ; cG J c J h t +yD ; Y
(5)}udraf jrmuf tEkid &f Akv d pf cJG jhJ cif; ok d @ a&muf & S d c J h o nf ? xk d @ twl
avsmfa=u;aiGtjzpf a':vmoef; “,cktr_twGuf aqmif&Guf&
jzpfonf? olronf awmifukd&D; umvtwef = um a0;uG m ae
(100)txd ay;acscJ h & a=umif ; onfrSm tvGefcufcJa=umif; t
,m;rS Ekad ,mifc|Kid Ef iS hf tar&duef onfh urBmhtqifh(1) ae&mokd@
vnf; od&&dS onf? t,fvifonf em*wfwGif wkduf*g;0k'fESifh t,f
rS c&pPwD;um;wkd@ukd (2)csuft vnf ; jyef v nf a &muf & S d v mcJ h
wkduf*g;0k'fESifh vrf;cGJcGifh&&eft vifw@dk atmifjrifrr_ sm;&&S&d ef qk
omjzifh tEkid &f Akv d pf o
JG mG ;cJjh cif;jzpf a=umif; od&&dS onf?
wGuf a&SŒae(8)OD;txd tok;H ðycJh awmif;ay;vkdufa=umif;” a=u
onf? WeeklyrS ul;,lazmfjyxm;onf?
+yD; avsmaf =u;aiGuv dk nf; ykid q f idk rf _ nmxkwfjyefcJhonf?
. wpf0ufawmif;qkcd ahJ =umif; od WeeklyrS ul;,lazmfjyxm;onf?

ppfreS o
f nfh 'Dru
kd a&pDpepft& vGwv
f yf+yD; w&m;r#wonfh a&G;aumufyjJG zpfa&; jynfot
l m;vH;k wGif wm0ef&o
dS nf/
u&ifowif;pOf/ -o*kwfv/ 2010 ckESpf? pmrsufESm 11
a&$jyefvnfw;l azmfra_ =umifh &Gmom; 300ausmf ae&yfrS etzESihf 'DaubDat=um;
ajymif;a&$Πwku
d y
f jJG zpfymG ;
=o*kwfv 9&uf?
apmodef;jrifh (autkdifpD) =o*kwfv 5&uf? awmh olw@dk e@J jzpfwm r[kwb f ;l ?
u&ifjynfe,f zmyGefc apmodef;jrifh (autkdifpD) (999)wyfzGJŒeJ@ etzwkd@=um; t
±kdif/ 'G,fhvkd;òrdŒe,fwGif 'DaubD u&ifjynfe,f/ aumh jyeftvSef ypfcwf=uwmyg”[k
atwyfzŒJG 0ifrsm; a&$w;l azmfrr_ sm; u&dwfòrdŒe,ftwGif; ,refae@u autkid pf u D dk ajymonf?
qufvufvkyfaqmif&mwGif ajr etz ppftpkd;&wyfrsm;ESifh wkd; tvm;wl ,ae@reuf
ðr‡yfrkdif;rsm; vkdufvHaxmifxm; wufaom Ak'<bmom u&ift ykid ;f wGiv f nf; aumhu&dwòf rdŒteD;
ojzifh a'ocH&mG om; 300ausmrf mS rsK;d om;wyfrawmf ('DaubDat) Y etzESifh 'DaubDatwkd@=um;
{+yDvrSpI ,cktcsdefxd ae&yf wyfzŒJG 0ifw@dk =um; wku d yf jJG zpfymG ;cJh ypfcwfrw _ ck xyfrjH zpfymG ;cJ&h m xd
pGef@cGmcJh&onf[k od&onf? onf[k autkdifpDu pkHprf;od&Sd& ckdufaoqkH;r_rsm; &SdcJhonf[k t
xkad 'o&Sd uG;D a';avm/ onf? ypf&yftzGŒJ rsm;. owif;&yfuu G f
0ghokd;uvm;ESifh r,fwJaus;&Gm ,ref a e@n (7)em&D rsm;rS =um;od&onf?
rsm;rS tqkdyg &Gmol&Gmom;rsm; cef@wGif 'DaubDat wyfr[m trnf r azmf v k d o l 'D
onf a&$w;l azmf&ef 'G,v hf ;dk òrdŒe,f (999)rS wyfzŒJG 0ifrsm;onf vuf aubDat tzGJŒ0ifwpfOD;u “'D
rJhuv,facsmif;urf;ESpfzufwGif eufypPnf;rsm;ESifhtwl um;jzifh ae@[m wkid ;f rSL;vmr,fqv dk @dk um;
axmifxm;onfh 'DaubDat wyf autJe, f l wyfr[m(6)ok@d oGm; vrf ; awG u *d w f a wG u vnf ;
r[m(333)/ (666)/ (777)/ESifh &ef wyfr[m(6)ESihf (7)pyf=um;&Sd vrf;uif;awG csxm;w,f? 'Dae@
(999)wyfzGJŒ0ifrsm;. vkHòcHa&;t aumhu&dwf-jr0wDum;vrf;. reuf 10em&DavmufrmS aumhu
wGuf axmifxm;onfh rkdif;rsm; atmufbw dk *J wd rf S etz ppfwyf &dwfuae wufvmwJh ppfum;
a=umifh O,smOf+cHrsm;okd@ oGm;vm rsm;u oGm;cGifhrðycJhonfhtwGuf wef;ukd 'DaubDat (902)u ypf
zmyGefa'o&Sd 'DaubDat a&$wl;azmfonfhae&m
vkyu f idk f pm;aomuf&ef cufcv J m tcsif;rsm;&mrS wkdufyGJjzpfyGm;cJh cwfw,fav? 'gayrJh tJ'Dae&m
ojzifh ,ckvdk &yf&mG pGe@f cmG &jcif;jzpf awmhb;l ? 'ga=umifh 'DEpS f {+yDvu eD;pyf&m aus;&Gmrsm;wGif ajymif; wyfr[m AsL[mrSL; AkdvfrSL;}uD; jcif;jzpfa=umif; eD;pyfolwpfOD;u rSm vrf;uif;&Sif;wJh ppfom;ESpf
a=umif; u&ifausmif;q&mrsm; yl; aep+yD;awmh 'D&ufyidk ;f tcsed xf d qkd a&$ŒoGm;ovkd oxkcH ±kid /f bD;vif; apmcspo f l OD;aqmifonfh tiftm; ajymonf? a,muf Ak;H xdoGm;w,fvkd@ =um;
aygif;aqmif&Gufa&;tzGJŒ &if tJ'&D mG ok;H &Gmu &Gmom; 370 òrdŒe,f&Sd aus;&Gmrsm;wGif ajymif; 600cef@&dS wyfr[m(555)/ (333) ‚if ; u “autJ e f , l w,f”[k qko d nf?
(KTWG)u ajymonf? ausmf[m olwkd@&JŒ tkd;tdrf/ t a&$ŒoGm;onf[k ‚if;u qufajym ESihf (666) vufatmufcH wyf&if; wyf r [m(6)buf u k d o G m ;r,f h vuf&t dS csed w
f iG f xkyd pf
KTWG rS owif ; ES i f h vkyftukdifawG csefxm;+yD;awmh onf? rsm;onf zmyGecf ±kid &f dS tqkyd g a' (999) wyfzŒJG ukd atmufbw dk t J cwfrt _ wGi;f etzbufrS '%f&m
jyef=um;a&;wm0efcH q&mt,f wjcm;&Gmukd ajymif;a&$ŒoGm;=u xkdudpPESifh ywfoufI owGif ukr`%DtcsKdŒESifhtwl a&$ a&mufrSm *dwfrSm&SdwJh etzwyf & ppfonfrsm;ukd aumhu&dwf
'kd0g;u “'DaubDatwyfzGJŒawG ukef+yD”[k ajymonf? 'D a ubD a t wyf r [m(999)rS wl;azmfa&; pufypPn;f rsm;/ x&yf u oGm;cGirhf ay;bl;? tJ'aD wmh 'D aq;±k H } uD ; wG i f uk o r_ c H a e&
r,fuv,facsmif;rSm a&$w;l / opf/ ,if;ok@d ajymif;a&$Œvm xdyyf idk ;f t&m&Swd pfO;D ukd autkid pf D um;}uD;rsm;ESifh a&muf&Sdvm+yD; aubDatbufu aoewfazmuf a=umif; òrdŒcHjynfow l pfO;D u ajym
0g;awG ckwfwJhtjyif acsmif;ESpf =uolrsm;xJwiG f &Gmok;H &Gm. rlv rS qufo, G af r;jref;&mwGif rdrtd a&$pwifw;l +yD; r=umrD autJe, f l awmh tjyeftvSef ypfcwfr_jzpf onf?
bufurf; ywfywfvnfrSmvnf; wef ; ausmif ; 3ausmif ; rS aejzifh rod&Sd&a=umif; wkef@jyef wyf r [m(5) wyf z G J Π0if r sm;. yGm;cJhw,fvkd@ od&w,f? etz ,ref a e@ Ak ' < [ l ; ae@
ajrðr‡yfrkdif;awG axmifxm;wJht ausmif ; ol ausmif ; om; (80) ajz=um;onf? wkdufckdufr_a=umifh acwW&yfqkdif; buf u 5a,muf a vmuf a o rGef;vGJ 3em&Dcef@wGif ta&;ay:
wGuf &Gmom;awG &GmjyifxGuf+yD; ausmf yg0if+yD; ae&yfpeG @f cmG vm=u 2009 ckEpS f atmufwdk oGm;um +yD;cJo h nfah EGtukerf S jyef w,fv@dk usaemfw@dk =um;wmyJ? 'D um; 3pD; zm;tHbufudk armif;ESif
b,fvkdrS vkyfpm;ukdifpm;vkd@ r& olrsm;ESifhtwl 'G,fhvkd;òrdŒe,f&Sd bmvwGif 'DaubDat (999) vnfwl;azmfvmjcif; jzpfonf? aubDatbufu xdcu dk 'f %f&m oGm;a=umif;ESifh t*F gae@uvnf;
&wJt h xd avmufyJ jzpfw,f”[k rkd;umwmvywfrsm; tvkHydwf
ajymonf? xm;onfh ppfum; 5pD;vnf; zm;
e,fpyfrwnf+idrr f a_ =umifh &Gmol&mG om;tcsKdΠtqkdygwkdufyGJonf 'D tHbufukd tjyif;armif;ESifoGm;
aubDat wyfr[m(5)ESifh wyf a=umif; ukd,fwkdifjrifawGŒcJhonfh
xki
d ;f Eki
d i
f b
H ufjcrf;ok@d xyfraH &$Œajymif;vm r[m(999) wyfzŒJG 0ifw@dk =um; ypf zm;tHòrdŒe,f/ òrdiu f av; aus;&Gm
cwfr_jzpfa=umif; e,fajrcHrsm;u olwpfOD;u ajymonf?
=o*kwfv 5&uf? wm? 'Dae@vnf; xyf0ifvmw,f? zG,&f w
dS ,fv@dk ajym=um;w,f”[k u armfvcD sKid ;f aus;&Gm. wbuf ajymqkad e=uonfaomfvnf; ‚if; ,ckvkd etz ppfwyf
eef;xl;pH (autkdifpD) xkid ;f ppfwyfu ay;r0ifb;l av? 'D xkad rmfvcD sKid ;f &Gmolu ajymonf? urf; aohabmbk;d aus;&Gm aomif ypfcwfro _ nf 'DaubDat wyfzŒJG um;rsm; ykrH eS x f uf xl;jcm;pGm u
aumh u &d w f ò rd Œ e,f / reuf acsmif;eHab;rSmqkd txkyt f ,if;okd@ xGufajy;vm &if;jrpfurf;eHab;wGif aexkid =f u& 0iftcsif;csif; jzpfyGm;jcif;r[kwf &ifjynfe,fxJokd@ 0ifa&mufvm
a0:av*G i f r S &G m ol & G m om;rsm; ykd;awGcsnf;yJ? todawG/ aqGrsKd; onfh &Gmol&mG om;rsm;onf xkid ;f onf[k od&onf? a=umif; 'DaubDat wyfr[m jcif ; rS m e,f p yf a 'obuf w G i f
onf xkdif;-jrefrme,fpyf tajc awG&SdwJholawGu olwkd@aqGrsKd; ppfwyftm%mykid rf sm;u xkid ;f Ekid if H e,f p yf t ajctaeuk d (5)rS xdyfwef;t&m&SdwOD;u t wku d yf rJG sm;jzpfvmEkid rf nfh tvm;
tae wnf+idrfr_r&SdonfhtwGuf awG tmrcHay;vkd@ 0ifvmvkd@& twG i f ; ok d @ 0if c G i f h r ay;onf h t rsuaf jcrjywf apmif=h unfah eonfh wnfðyajym=um;onf? tvmrsm; &Sdonf[kvnf; u
a=umifh xkid ;f Ekid if b H ufjcrf;ok@d , w,f? tckvmwm uav;i,f wGuf tcsKdŒrSm &Gmol&Gmom;rsm; xkdif;tm%mykdifwpfOD;u “vmrJh olu “wkdufyGJjzpfwm &ifjynfe,ftwGif;&Sd jynfolrsm;
refae@u xyfraH &$Œajymif;a&muf&dS awG/ om;onfrcd ifawG/ vl}uD;tkd uawmh rSeyf gw,f? 'gayr,fh us u a0zefajymqkdae=uonf?
vmjyefonf[k od&onf? rawGyJrsm;w,f? tm;vkH; 100 xGufajy;a&muf&Sdvmonfh a0:ava'orS &Gmom;rsm; aemfwkd@vlawGudk vSrf;ar;=unfh Ô
xk d i f ; -jref r me,f p yf / ausmaf vmuf&rdS ,f”[kajymonf?
a0:av*Gi&f dS bv,f'h @dk / av;a0:ESihf xk d @ tjyif “&G m ol & G m
aohabm;bkd;aus;&GmrS &Gmol&Gm om;awG&ŒJ ajymjycsut f & olw@dk
om;tcsKdŒonfh ‚if;wkd@a'owGif aus;&GmrSm&SdwJh 'DaubDat rd 10&ufrSm AkdvfE_wfcrf;ar$; vuf xGufajy;vmol xkd&Gmol&Gmom;
wk d u f y G J j zpf y G m ;rnf u k d awG ; om;pkawG rdom;pktvku d f ajymif; rS w f r xk d ; &if wk d u f y G J j zpf v mEk d i f rsm;onf Zlvkdifv 25&ufae@u
a=umuf+yD; ,refae@rpS I xkid ;f Ekid f a&$ŒxGufoGm;awmh tajctae awmh &Gmom;awGu óudxu G af jy; ‚if;wkd@a'otwGif; 'DaubDat
iH/ zkwzf &òrdŒe,f armfvcD sKid ;f aus; odyrf aumif;bl;qk+d yD; olw@dk vnf; vmwmjzpfw,f? uav;/ rde;f reJ@ wyfr[m(5)ESihf etz ppfwyfw@dk
&G m twG i f ; ok d @ xyf r H x G u f a jy; xk d i f ; buf u k d a&$ Πvmwmjzpf touf } uD ; ol a wG rsm;w,f ? wkdufyGJjzpfvmEkdif onfh taet
a&muf &Sv d mjcif;jzpfonf[k armf w,f ? etz wyf a wG u vnf ; xkdif;ppfwyfuawmh wkdufyGJrjzpf xm;a=umifh xkid ;f Ekid if /H wmhccf ±kid /f
vDcsKid ;f &GmolwpfO;D u autkid pf u D dk oGm;vkdufvmvkdufeJ@ tJ'Dtajc ao;bJ xGufvmawmh vufrcH zk w f z &òrd Œ e,f & S d armuJ x mh E S i f h
ajymonf? tae&qkd&ifawmh etzeJ@ 'Dau csibf ;l av? 'ga=umifh ay;r0ifwm armfvDcsKdif;aus;&Gmrsm;okd@ wpf
ol r u “&G m om;awG bDat=um;/ 'grSr[kwf autJef jzpfw,f”[k ajymonf? &uf=um wdr;f a&Smif a&muf&v dS mcJh
uawmh rae@uwnf;u 0ifvm ,le@J etz=um; wku d yf jJG zpfvmEkid f ppfab;'%fa=umufI +yD; jzpfonf? Ô

ppfreS o
f nfh 'Dru
kd a&pDpepft& vGwv
f yf+yD; w&m;r#wonfh a&G;aumufyjJG zpfa&; jynfot
l m;vH;k wGif wm0ef&o
dS nf/
u&ifowif;pOf/ -o*kwfv/ 2010 ckESpf? pmrsufESm 12
jr0wDwi
G f Ak;H aygufuJG 2OD; ao+yD; 7OD;'%f&m& autJe, f . l
=o*kwfv 6&uf?
(autkid pf )D
”[k qko d nf?
“Ak;H uawmh ayguw f m
ayguu f rJG a_ =umifh yGcJ si;f
+yD; aoqk;H oGm;olEpS Of ;D teuf wpf
oGm;+yD”[k qko d nf?
,ck Ak H ; ayguf u G J r _ r S m
wku
d cf u
dk rf a_ =umifh
xk d i f ; -jref r me,f p yf
jr0wDòrdŒwGif ,ae@n jrefrmpH
tawmfus,fw,f? =unhf&wm
tawmfjyif;rJyh yHk ?J jr0wDwpfòrdŒvk;H
OD;rSm rrSwrf Ed idk af vmufatmif jzpf
oGm;+y;D ajymufusm;tusô 0wfqif
rnf o l @ vuf c suf j zpf r S e f ; rod &
ao;aomfvnf; vuf&t dS csed w
f iG f
etz 22OD; xdcu dk af oqk;H
awmfcsdef 8em&DcGJcef@Y AkH;wpfvkH; r=um;wJo h l r&Sb d ;l ”[k ukeo f nf xm;olrSm ukd,ftxufykdif;v$ifh jr0wDòrdŒwGi;f Y ta&SŒawmifwidk ;f =o*kwfv 3&uf? aowJhtxJrSm 'kwyf&if;rSL;wpf
aygufuGJ&m 2OD;yGJcsif;+yD; aoqkH; wpfO;D u ajymonf? wufomG ;+yD; atmufyidk ;f rSm wppD ppfXmecsKyfwkdif;rSL; AkdvfcsKyfouf apmodef;jrifh (autkdifpD) a,muf ygw,f? usaemfw@dk buf
um 7OD; '%f&m&SdoGm;cJhonf[k jzpfyrHk mS jr0wDòrdŒ bk&ifh jzpfomG ;onf[k jrifawGŒolrsm;u Ekid 0f if;/ 'kwidk ;f rSL; Akv
d rf LS ;csKyf aZmf u&ifjynfe,f/ zm;tH u xdckdufaoqkH;wmawmh r&Sd
autkdifpDu pkHprf;od&Sd&onf? aemifvrf;r&Sd arG;jrLa&;b%fteD; ajymonf? rif;ESihf umuG,af &;0ef}uD;Xme t c±kdif/ ykdifusKHòrdŒe,fY u&iftrsKd; bl;”[k ajymonf?
jr0wDòrdŒae trsK;d orD; Y opfo;D qkid af &SŒwGif opfo;D 0,f jr0wDaq;±ko H @dk a&muf xl;ppfqifa&;rSL; 'kAv dk cf sKyf}uD; cif om;tpnf;t±kH; (autJef,l)u em&D0uf=umonfh t
wpfO;D u “Ak;H ayguw f ,fav? bk &efvmonfh &Sr;f av;qko d w l @dk vif &Sv
d monfh vlem 7OD;ESihf ywfouf aZmfw@dk a&muf&adS e+y;D ae@cif;uyif
&ifah emifvrf;ru naps;bufrmS ? r,m;onf qkdifu,fukd &yfckduf I eD;pyfow l pfO;D u ,ckvdk ajym e,fpyf*w d rf sm;ukd oGm;a&mufppf
opf o D ; qk d i f a &S Œ rS m jzpf w m? 2 ‚if;wk@d aemufem;wGif ajymufusm; onf? “vlemu 7a,mufav? aq;cJah o;onf? Ô
a,mufuawmh wppD v$ifhpif tusô0wfvlESifh tiSm;qkdifu,f twGi;f vlemu 4a,muf&w dS ,f?
xGufoGm;wm yGJcsif;+yD;yJ? qkdif orm;a&muf&v dS m+yD;rS Ak;H xayguf '%f&menf;enf;yg;yg;&wJh vlem
u,fEpS pf ;D awmh ysupf ;D oGm;w,f jcif;jzpfonf[k od&onf? 3a,mufuawmh aq;xnf+h y;D jyef

typf&yf*wd r f sm;rS u&iftvHrsm;ukd ppfwyfrS


ðzwf,o
l rd ;f qnf;
=o*kwfv 5&uf? t&mwpfcu k dk vmqGEJ w _ vf u dk f o ajymaewm? wcsKdŒ*dwfawG rcs aqmif&ef ppfwyfrS n$e=f um;xm; autJet
f ,fvaf t wyfom;tcsKŒd
eef;azmha* (autkid pf )D vkyd ”J [k toHwek jf zifh ajymonf? ao;ygb;l ? usaemfw@dk +idr;f csr;f a&; r_rsm; &Scd o
hJ nf?
etz ppfwyfukd ,ae@òcHckdwkduf qkdyg wkdufyGJjzpfyGm;+yD;aemuf jyef
u&if t ypf & yf tzG J Œ aumifpD*dwfjzpfwJh ausmufzsm ‚if;tjyif e,fjcm;apmifh
cku
d &f m etzbufu 8OD;aoqk;H vnfqkwfcGmoGm;cJhonfh etz
u&ifjynfe,ftwGif;&Sd rsm;u wk;d wufaom Ak'b < mom *dwu f awmh vl}uD;vm=unfrh ,f wyfukd vufcHxm;onfh (999)
+yD; 14OD; '%f&m&&Scd o hJ nf[k od& wyfzŒJG onf ‚if;wk@d . '%f&m&ppf
typf&yfu&iftzGJŒtpnf;rsm;. u&iftrsK;d om;wyfrawmf ('Dau qkdvkd@ tckawmh tvHcsxm;yg wyfr[m wyfzGJŒ0ifrsm;udkvnf;
onf? onfrsm;ukd xrf;ykd;&eftwGuf
*dwaf e&mrsm;/ pcef;ae&mrsm;wGif bDat)/ u&if+idr;f csr;f a&;aumifp/D w,f?”[k qko d nf? vmrnfh 16&ufae@wiG f jr0wDòrdŒY
,ae@ ae@vnf rG e f ; apzkd;cD;ESifh rJhvmtm;cD;rS &Gmom;
wyfqifaxmifxm;onfh u&ift a[mifoa&mtxl;a'o/ bk&m; e,f j cm;apmif h w yf u d k wHqyd wf yfqifum e,fjcm;apmifh
wnfhtcsdefwGif yl;vl;pcef; t 20OD;ukd qifah c:cJ+h yD; wmavpcef;
rsKd;om;tvHrsm;ukd etz ppft uke;f +idr;f csr;f a&;tzGŒJ / oHawmift vuf r cH o nf h Ak d v f r S L ;}uD ; apm wyf toGifajymif;ay;oGm;rnf
ajcpkduf etz ppfuGyfuJa&;Xme ok d @ xG u f c G m oG m ;onf [ k od &
pkd;&wyfrsm;u ðzwf,lodrf;qnf; xl ; a'o ponf h t zG J Œ rsm;yg0if vm;yG,fwyfzGJŒrSm wyfrSL;wpfOD; jzpfa=umif; jr0wDòrdŒcHrsm;twGi;f
csKyf puc(19) vufatmufcH onf?
&ef ,ae@trde@f xw k v f u dk o f nf[k onf? u “'guawmh ol w k d @ uH = urR m ajymqkdae=uonf?
cv&(62) wyf&if;onf ap;zk;d cD; ,if;okd@ etzwyfrsm;
od&onf? ,if;ok@d u&iftvHrsm; olwkd@zefwD;rSmyJav? apmbOD; 'DaubDat uvkd@xl;
*GiftwGif; v_yf&Sm;aeaom au . '%f&m&wyfzGJŒ0ifrsm;ukd ,ck
'DaubDatwyfzŒJG 0if ukd ðzwfckdif;jcif;onf etz wyf }uD;ajymoGm;vkdyJ u&ifhuH=urRm abmAsL[mrSL; AkdvfrSL;apmrkwf
tJeft,fvfat wyf&if;(22)ukd nOD;ykid ;f tcsed x f d jr0wDòrdŒESihf a&$
wpf O D ; u “u&if t vH a wG u d k zufqidk &f m t&m&Srd sm; vma&muf u&ifzefwD;r,fav? usaemfwkd@ okefuvnf; ,ckv 2&ufae@u
&Sif;vif;&ef 0ifa&mufvm&mwGif uk u U d K aus;&G m &S d aq;±k H r sm;ok d @
ðzwf&r,fvkd@ 'Dae@reuf 9;30 rnfjzpfonft h wGuf tvHukd ,m tajcpku d w f ahJ e&mukad wmh usaemf e,fjcm;apmifw h yfudk vufccH +hJ yD; jr
tqkyd g autJet f ,fvf atwyf vnf; jyefvnfo,f,v l mjcif; r
rSmyJ trdef@xkwfw,f? odrf;wm ,Dcsxm;ckdif;jcif;om jzpfonf[k wk@d &ŒJ trsK;d om;tvHawmfudk t 0wD&dS ‚if;. AsL[m±k;H wGif etz
u apmifyh pfum ,if;ok@d wku d yf JG &Sdao;a=umif; pkHprf;od&onf?
uawmh tck rGef;vGJykdif; 3em&D vnf; +idrf;csrf;a&;aumifpD*dwfrS +rJwrf; pku d xf o l mG ;r,f?”[k au ppfwyfrsm;u e,fjcm;apmifhwyf
jzpfyGm;cJhjcif;jzpfa=umif; autJef zm;tHc±kdiftwGif; Zl
avmufrSmayghaemf? &Sdor#tvH tzGŒJ 0ifwpfO;D u autkid pf u D dk ,ck tkid pf uD kd ajymonf? vufcHonfh 'DaubDatwyfzGJŒ
,l/ zm;tHc±kid f OuUX y'kad pmatmif vkid vf ESihf =o*kwv f qef;ykid ;f txd
awGukd tukefvkdufðzwf,lvkduf vkd ajymonf? ,ck v 3&uf a e@u 0ifrsm; vma&mufvufrSwfxkd;
armfat;u ,ckvdk ajymonf? etzESifh autJef,lwkd@=um; 4
wm?”[k autkid pf u D dk twnfðy “tvHukd ðzwfcidk ;f wm vnf; typf&yftzGJŒt pnf;rsm; &ef ae&m,lum vkyfaqmifay;
‚if;u “'Dae@ ae@v,f }udrfwkdufyGJjzpfyGm;cJh&m ,ckt
ajymqkdonf? r[kwfbl;? vl}uD;vmr,fqkdvkd@ ukd òrdŒwGi;f 0ifxu G of mG ;vmygu v#uf&Sdonf[k od&onf?
(12)em&DwdwdrSm apzkd;cD;*GifrSm }udrfonf etzbufu xdckduf
ppftpk;d &u e,fjcm;jy tvHukd c%csckdif;xm;wm? 'D ,leaD zmif;r0wf&ef/ vufeufrsm; uk,d wf idk jf rifawGŒol t
v_y&f mS ;aewJh usaemfw@dk wyf&if; usq;Hk r_ trsm;qk;H jzpf+yD; etz p
\emajz&Sif;&ef aejynfaxmifrS ae@vnfyJ ptz trnfeJ@ ukd,f ukid af qmifroGm;&efEiS hf rdrw d @dk wyf rsKd;orD;wpfOD;u “AsL[m±kH;vkyf
(22)ukd &Si;f vif;zk@d twGuf a&muf uc(19) vufatmufcH wyf&if;
wku d ±f udk w
f m0efay;xm;onfh ppf pm;vS,af wGu *dwaf wGudk vku d f pcef;twGif;Yom vufeufukdif xm;wJh AkdvfrkwfokeftdrfrSm ppf
vmwJh etz puc(19)/ cv& (10)/ 'DaubDat (999) wyfr
uGyu f aJ &;XmecsKyf (12)rSL; Akv d rf LS ;
(62) wyf&if;ukd usaemfwkd@buf [m vufatmufcH wyf&if;ESifh
}uD ; cif a rmif a X;u tqk d y g t
u tykid o f mG ; apmifyh pfawmh et autJe, f l wyfr[m(7)rS wyf&if;
rde@f udk xkwjf yefjcif;jzpfonf[k 'D
zbufu 8a,muf yGcJ si;f +yD; ao rsm; tajcpkduf v_yf&Sm;v#uf&Sd
aubDat tokid ;f t0kid ;f . ajym
w,f? 14OD; '%f&m&oGm;w,f? onf? Ô
jycsufrsm;t& od&onf?
u&iftvHrsm;ukd ðzwf
odr;f &mwGif u&ifjynfe,f/ jr0wD
òrdŒtjyif aumhu&dwf/ zm;tHòrdŒ om;awGu 0ifaeaewm 3&uf a=umif;vnf; typf&yftzGJŒt
rsm;Yvnf ; vk y f a qmif v #uf & S d avmufawmh&+dS yD? tjcm; 'DaubD pnf;rsm;ESihf òrdŒcHrsm;u ajymqkad e
a=umif; trnfrazmfvo dk l aumh atum;awGuvnf; wpfpD;+yD; =uonf?
u&dwfòrdŒcHwpfOD;u ajymonf? wpfpD; ol@vlawGudk tjynfhwif xkdif;-jrefrme,fpyfukd
“[k w f w ,f ? aumh u &d w f r S m vm+yD; wpfa,mufcsi;f vufrw S f pnf;jcm;xm;onfh aomif&if;jrpf
vnf; 'DaubDat/ +idrf;csrf;a&; xk;d wmawG vkyw f ,fav? um, . jrpfurf;em;ukd ,cifu ppfuyG f
ae&mawG u u&if t vH a wG u k d uH&Sif(Akdvfrkwfokef)ukdawmh ol@ uJ a &;XmecsKyf - puc (19)rS L ;
ðzwfcidk ;f xm;w,f?”[k qko d nf? *dwaf wGrmS awGŒwmyJ”[kajymonf? Akv
d rf LS ;}uD; oef;Ekid 0f if;u wm0ef
(999)*dwfrS 'DaubD vuf&SdtcsdefwGif urf; ,lcJhaomfvnf; +yD;cJhvukef&uf
atwpfO;D u “uk, d *hf w
d rf mS &Sad e ±kd;wef;wkdif;rSL; 'kAkdvfrSL;}uD;cif 30&ufae@rpS I puc(12)rSL; Akv d f
wJh u&iftvHudk vmðzwfvkduf aZmf/ ta&SŒawmifwkdif; ppfXme rSL;}uD; cifarmifaX;ukd vGJajymif;
wmukd jrif&wm usaemf&h ifxrJ mS csKyfwkdif;rSL; AkdvfrSL;csKyfoufEkdif wm0ef ay;tyfvu dk +f yDjzpfa=umif;
[kd; bkd;bGm;bDbifu &Sdxm;cJhwJh 0if;wkd@ jr0wDY a&muf&Sdae+yDjzpf e,fpyfowif;rsm;t& od&onf?

ppfreS o
f nfh 'Dru
kd a&pDpepft& vGwv
f yf+yD; w&m;r#wonfh a&G;aumufyjJG zpfa&; jynfot
l m;vH;k wGif wm0ef&o
dS nf/
u&ifowif;pOf/ -o*kwfv/ 2010 ckESpf? pmrsufESm 13
a&$Œajymif;ausmif;om;rsm; "mwfyrHk w
S w
f rf;
u&if±;dk &mcsnfjzLzGŒJ r*FvmyGJ pnfum;pGm usif;y autJe,
f l wyfr[m(5)e,fajrrS ESpf (60)jynfh
u&ift
h rsK;d om; tmZmenfae t
h crf;tem;
=o*kwfv 23&uf? ajzwifqufc=hJ uonf[o k &d onf? r&Sbd ;l qk&d if 'Dvu l awmh vdyjf ym vmonf h jref r mjynf o m;rsm;
aemfjzLjzLoif; (autkid pf )D u&iftrsKd;om;w&yf aysmufoGm;+yD; vrf;rSm;oGm;+yD;? onf rdom;pkpw d "f mwfjzifh pkpnf;
xkid ;f Ekid if /H rJaqmufòrdŒ&Sd vkH; tjrwfwEkd;xm;onfh ±kd;&m 'g[m bkd;bGm;awG vufxufxJ +yD; u&if±;dk &m vufcsnyf u JG dk ,ck
qmol;avausmif;wGif qmol; rsm;ukd arhaysmufroGm;bJ trSwf u xm;cJw h hJ tarGtESpjf zpfw,f” vkd pnfpnfum;um; usif;yEkdif
avausmif;ESihf (CDC) ausmif;wk@d &aeap&efESifh u&ifvlrsKd;rsm; pk [k ajymonf? jcif ; ay: 0rf ; ajrmuf * k % f , l r d
rS ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm; pk pnf;nDn$wfr_ &Sdaeap&eftwGuf ,ae@ usif ; yðyvk y f a=umif ; qmol ; avausmif ; rS
aygif;onfh u&if±kd;&mcsnfjzLzGJŒ &nf&, G I
f TtpDtpOfudk ðyvkyf onfh u&if±;dk &m csnjf zLzGŒJ r*Fvm q&mrwpfO;D u ,ckvadk jymonf?
r*FvmyGw J ck ,ae@ pnfum;oku d f jcif;jzpfa=umif; vufcsnyf t JG crf; yGJwGif qmol;avausmif;rS (11) “'Dvrdk sK;d olrsm;Ekid if rH mS
òrdufpGm usif;yðyvkyfcJhonf? tem; wufa&mufvmonfh “cGJ wef; ausmif;olwpfO;D u “uk, d ±hf ;dk rdom;pk pdw"f mwfe@J uk, d &hf ŒJ ±k;d &m
xk d t crf ; tem;wG i f uabmif” ausmif;wm0efcH ref;A &m ,Ofaus;r_udk xkid ;f Ekid if rH S tck ukd rarhwmudk *k%f,lw,faygh
(CDC) ausmif ; rS ausmif ; ol v&Siu f autkid pf u D dk ,ckvdk ajym vkd aysmaf ysm&f i$ &f i$ f usi;f ycGi&hf wm aemf? 'Dxidk ;f Ekid if rH mS vmaewJh rdb
ausmif;om;rsm; tygt0if q&m/ onf? t&rf ; 0rf ; omw,f ? +yD ; awmh awG&ŒJ yHyh ;dk r_/ ulnrD a_ wGudk aus;
q&mrrsm;/ {nfhonfawmfrsm; “uk d , f h & J Œ vl r sKd ; ,Of wjcm;bmom0ifawGvnf; wuf Zl;wifw,f? ausmif;om;vli,f
tm;vkH; pkpkaygif; 800cef@ wuf aus;r_ukdawmh rarhaysmufzkd@ t a&mufw,fav? usrvkd u&ifvl awGtaeeJ@vnf; uk, d &fh ŒJ ±k;d &mukd
a&mufc=hJ u+yD; eHeufyidk ;f vufcsnf a&;}uD;w,f? tJ'ga=umifrh @dk v@dk 0g i,fawG uk, d vhf rl sK;d &JΠ,Ofaus;r_ pOfqufrjywf ryaysmufatmif
yG J t crf ; tem;wG i f u&if t qk d acgif v uf c snf y G J a&muf w k d i f ; ukd rarhbJ owd&ae=uzk@d ajymcsif qufxed ;f xm;zk@d vkw d ,f”[k au
awmfx;l 0g;ESihf tjcm;tqk0d goem a&mufwidk ;f uk,
d &fh ŒJ u&ifvrl sK;d ukd w,f ” [k ol r . cH p m;csuf u k d tkid pf uD dk ajymonf?
&Sirf sm; aw;oDcsi;f rsm;ESihf u&if±;dk ukd,fcspf&if csnfjzLukd vufay: ajymqkdonf? ,ckvdk u&if±h ;dk &m csnf
&m'k;H ,dr;f tursm;jzifv h nf; azsmf csnx f m;&r,f? csnjf zL vufay: xkdif;EkdifiHwGif a&muf&Sd jzLzGŒJ r*Fvmukd rJaqmufòrdŒ&Sd qm
ol;av txufwef;ausmif;wGif
csnfjzLzGJ@ r*FvmyGJawmf azsmfajzaeonfh ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;. u&if±kd;&m'kH;,drf;tu
ðyvk y f v mcJ h o nf r S m ,ck E S p f q k d
v#if 4}udraf jrmuf&+dS yD; jzpfonf? u&if±;kd &m csnjf zLzGŒJ r*FvmyGaJ wmf "mwfyrkH sm;
,if;okd@ vufcsnfyGJðy
vkyf&mwGif xrif;qkyf/ aumuf
n‡i;f / iSuaf ysmoD;/ yef;EkE, G /f }uH/
a&/ csnjf zL ponfh ypPn;f tr,f
rsm; yg0if+yD; armifESHpkHvifonfh
ouf}uD;&G,ftkdrsm;u csnfjzLzGJŒ
&pfywfay;=uonf? u&if±h ;dk &m 0g
acgifvufcsnfyGJonf ±kd;&m,Of
aus;r_ tarGtESpfwckjzpf+yD; ESpf
pOf 0gacgifvjynfhae@a&mufwkdif;
u&if t rsKd ; om;rsm;tm;vk H ; pk
pnf;nDn$wfpGmjzifh usif;yðyvkyf
=ujcif;jzpfonf? Ô
=opa=w;vsm;EdkifiHrS vufcsnfyGJ azsmfajza&; tpDtpOf

u&ifjynfor
l sm; rJa&G;cs,f&ef tuef@towf&dS
=o*kwfv 17&uf? (autkdifpD) ykHwifcGifh&&SdcJhonfh u&ifjynfe,f Ekid &f oGm;&if olw@dk Ekid if aH &;vky}f uH zGŒJ pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya't& ppfwyf
vmrnf h Ek d 0 if b mv 'Drkdua&pDESifh zGHŒòzd;wkd;wufa&;yg r_awG jzpfrmS awmif pdwyf rl w d ,f” u 25 &mckid Ef e_ ;f om ae&m,lxm;
7&uf a e@wG i f ðyvk y f r nf h a&G ; wDukdrl ppftm%m&Sif. vuf&Sd [k qko d nf? +yD; tjcm;u¾rsm;wGiv f nf; ‚if;
aumufyGJwGif u&ifjynfe,ft Akv
d cf sKyftqif&h o dS l jyef=um;a&;0ef zvk H - pa0:'D r k d u &uf wk@d avmif;&dyrf o d nfh ygwiD ,frsm;
wGi;f &Sd rJqEN&iS rf sm;taejzifh ygwD }uD;u vma&mufzGJŒpnf;xm;cJh wpf y gwD . ,m,D O uU X jzpf o l ESifhygqkdv#if xkdxufru rJykdrsm;
av;ckrS uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm;ukd a&G; jcif;jzpfonf? apmcif a rmif j rif h u rd r d w k d @ ygwD aea=umif; ajymqko d mG ;cJo
h nf?
aumufwifajr‡muf&rnfjzpfaomf u&ifjynfe,fwGif ppf onf vuf & S d av;ygwD t euf ‚if;u “olw@dk u enf;
vnf; ,if;ygwrD sm;teuf 3ygwD tpk;d &ESihf uif;&Si;f r_&o dS nf[k ,l wpfckwnf;om jynfolvlxkESifh enf;rS [muGufr&Sdbl;? 'Dav;yg
rSm ppftpkd;&ESifh eD;pyfum ,drf; qEkdifonfrSm zvkH-pa0:'Drkdu &if;EDS;u|rf;0ifr_&Sda=umif; ,ckvkd wDxJu okH;ygwDu ppftpkd;&eJ@
,dik Ef idk af =umif; zm;tHòrdŒ&Sd rJay;ykid f &ufwpfygwD wckom&S+d yD; vlxt k ajymqkdoGm;onf? qufpyfr_&SdwJhtwGuf ppftpkd;&
cGifh&Sdol apm}uD;u a0zefajymqkd wGif;rS zGJŒpnf;vmonfhygwDjzpf “usaemfw@dk ygwu D r zufukd ygoGm;rSmyJ? jynfe,fa&G; xdkif;EdkifiH/ &yfcsfbl&Dc&dkifrS vufcsnfyGJ jyuGufwpfck
onf? onft h wGuf rdrt d aejzifh vufcH zG J Πcif u wnf ; u vl x k t wG i f ; aumufyGJaumifr&Sif OuUX apm
u&ifjynfe,fwiG f a&G; Ekid af =umif; apm}uD;u &Si;f jyajym oGm;a&muf+yD; olwkd@&JΠoabm atmifyGifhuvnf; (wpn)ygwD
aumufyGJ0ifa&muf,SOfòydifrnfh qkdcJhonf? xm;ukd ar;=unfh+yD;rS olwkd@&JŒ u vlawGeJ@ trsm;}uD; eD;pyfr_
ygwDrsm;wGif yg0ifolrsm;ukd avh olu “tjcm;ygwaD wG wkef@jyefvkdvm;r_t& usaemfwkd@ awG&Sdaew,f”[k ajymonf?
vm=unfv h #if jynfaxmifpk }uHch idk f uawmh ppftpkd;&&JŒ vufnd‡K; zGJŒvkdufwmyg? aemuf+yD; rJqEN u&ifjynfe,fwiG f rJq
a&;ESifh zGHΘzd;a&;ygwD OuUXonf axmif/ acgi;f ndwo f rm;awGcsn;f e,fawGu jynfolawGukd,fwkdif ENe,fajr 7ck&Sd+yD; xkde,fajrrsm;
vuf&Sd ppftpkd;&. 0ef}uD;csKyf yJ? acgi;f cgjiif;qefro hJ al wG r[kwf a&G ; cs,f v mwJ h uk d , f p m;vS , f wGif TygwaD v;ygwu D vmrnfh
jzpf+yD; xdyyf idk ;f ppft&m&S}d uD;wpfO;D bl;? ppftpk;d &ajymor# vku d v
f yk f avmif;ukd usaemfwkd@u todt Ekd0ifbmv 7&uf a&G;aumufyGJ
jzpfaeonf? ‚if;tjyif wkdif;&if; rJholawG? 'DvlawGu wkdif;jynfeJ@ rSwðf yoGm;rSmyg? ygwaD cgi;f aqmif wGif 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydio f mG ;rnfjzpf
om; pnf;vkH;nDn$wfa&;ygwDukd vlxt k usK;d ukd wu,f=unfrh mS r awGu a&G;cs,frSm r[kwfygbl;” onf?
OD;aqmiforl mS vnf; ppfra_ [mif; [kwb f ;l ? usaemf pk;d &drwf mu w [k ajymonf? Ô
wpfO;D jzpf+yD; r=umcifu ygwrD w S f u,fv@dk zvk-H pa0:ygwrD sm; rJt xkd@tjyif ppftpkd;&. r,fvpcef;rS vufcsnfr*FvmyGJ qifEGJaepOf

ppfreS o
f nfh 'Dru
kd a&pDpepft& vGwv
f yf+yD; w&m;r#wonfh a&G;aumufyjJG zpfa&; jynfot
l m;vH;k wGif wm0ef&o
dS nf/
u&ifowif;pOf/ -o*kwfv/ 2010 ckESpf? pmrsufESm 14

You might also like