Cleaner Technologies

For
WATER & WASTE WATER
TREATMENT

ION EXCHANGE (INDIA) LTD

 …In India

0Of India’s annual $9.7 billion environmental

damage, $7 billion due to air and water pollution

0Rampant industrial water pollution due to nearly

3 million small & medium-size enterprises

0Untreated & under-treated effluent cause severe

ecological degradation and water contamination
0<30% of population have access to safe drinking
water
 Green Issues
Environmental pollution

• Afforestation

• Bio-diversity

• Sustainable agricultural practices

• Dredging, countryside management

> 150 million hectares of land degraded and

unfit for agriculture; 70% wildlife lost due to
deforestation & urbanisation
 Blue Issues
Scarcity
& rising Drought
costs Pollution

Tremendous pressure on available finite water

resources due to rapid industrialisation,
expanding population, increasing pollution and
excessive use and misuse of water
 The Need for cleaner
technologies
• Water & Waste water treatment
equipment are increasingly being used
for water recovery
• Treatment units and technologies should
not generate waste and add to pollution
• Treatment units should leave the smallest
carbon footprint possible
• Treatment shpuld not produce harmful
byproducts in the treated water / waste
CLEANER TECHNOLOGIES
Membrane Technologies
•Ultra Filtration
•Reverse Osmosis
•Membrane Bioreactor

Other Technologies
•Electrodeionisation

•Ozonation
 Membrane Processes
• Ultra filtration and Reverse osmosis are the two fastest
growing membrane technologies.

• Membranes offer solutions for effective water

management, resource conservation, recycling and
recover

• Membranes offer cleaner solutions – Eliminate/ reduce

use of chemicals

• Piloting and testing always recommended for new

applications / waste streams.

• Membrane systems compact and user friendly making it

suitable for homes and communities.
 WHAT IS FILTRATION?
It is a physical process of separating particulate matter
from fluids such as liquid/air by passing fluid through a
medium which will not pass the particulates. No
requirement of chemicals.

Different types of filtration.

Reverse
Nanofiltration Ultrafiltration Microfiltration
Osmosis
Microns
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1.0

Monovalent Divalent Suspended

Viruses
Salts Salts Material
Colloids
Sugars Silicates
Proteins
Microoganisms
Turbidity
ULTRAFILTRATION
 Why use a membrane
filter?
• Chemical-free water treatment technique
– Eliminate coagulant and flocculant treatment
– No residual chemicals in the filtered water
• Physical barrier, unlike conventional filtration.
– In situ integrity check with air diffusion and visual
inspection
• Consistent water quality even with feed spikes
– Handles wide variations and upsets in water
source
• No constant operator attention
– Only chemicals used are for intermittent
cleaning
Ultra Filtration System
 REVERSE
OSMOSIS
SYSTEM
 Principle of RO Technology

Schematic representation - Reverse Osmosis system

RO MODULE

HIGH PRESSURE
PUMP
PERMEATE

WATER SOLUTION

REJECT
Advantages of Reverse Osmosis
• Operating cost less than DM plant for higher TDS
• No regeneration – No chemical waste
• Variation in TDS does not significantly alter
performance of reverse osmosis
• Better purification
• Expand capacity at minimum cost
• In addition to dissolved salts, RO removes colloids,
organics and bacteria
• RO can be used to recycle and reuse treated
waste water
MEMBRANE BIO REACTOR
SUBMERGED MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY
Ultrafiltration in MBR
 MEMBRANE BIO REACTOR

Air Line

Treated
Wastewater inlet water

Vacuum
pump

Aeration Membrane
Tank Module

Sludge
outlet
 Operation of MBR
• Immersed Ultrafiltration membrane system

• Cleaner technology for waste water treatment with

low energy consumption

• No chemicals used in operation

• Revolutionary Submerged Flat Sheet Membranes

immersed in a biological process treatment tank

• Effluent is drawn through surface of membrane in

an “ outside - in” flow path producing treated
water of reusable quality
 MBR PERFORMANCE:
MUNICIPAL SEWAGE
• PARAMETER MBR REMOVAL
• EFFLUENT
• BOD < 2 mg/l > 99%
• TSS < 1 mg/l > 99%
• TKN < 2 mg/l > 96%
• NH3 < 0.3 mg/l > 97%
• Total P < 0.1 mg/l --
• Turbidity < 1 NTU > 99%
• Total Coliforms < 100 cfu/100 ml > 6 log
• Feacal Coliforms < 10 cfu/100 ml > 6 log
•

• NOTE: Values for Municipal Sewage with an organic loading of 2.5

kg/m3 per day of BOD, and a Hydraulic retention time of less than 2
hrs.
•
Conventional ASP v/s MBR
TANK VOLUME

CONVENTIONAL ASP
100%

MBR SYSTEM
25%
 CASE STUDY
Use of membrane technologies to maximise
recovery in Textile Industry
à Textile Common Effluent Treatment Plant in Tirupur in
Southern India.
à Faced Closure if Zero Discharge not implemented
à TOTAL TREATMENT CAPACITY - 10000 Cu.m. per day
à A trouble free and trusted process to maximize recovery
and product recovery was essential
à Necessary for lowest waste generation from treatment
process
à Pilot Trials carried out for 50 and then at 500 m3/day to
choose scheme.
à Some factors deciding scheme and also membrane flux:

• Membrane filtration essential pre RO.

• With 2 stages of RO, recovery of over 80% can be achieved
• RO reject can be used as brine solution.
• Total waste from the system can be reduced to 7%
• RO system can handle the blend of dye bath & wash water.
Pilot Plant
500 m3/day
 TREATMENT SCHEME FOR 10 MLD
Membrane
Bio Reactor

Equali- Activated
Bar sation HRSCC Sand carbon
Screen tank filter filter

Polymer

SBS dosing
FeSO4
Lime
Filter feed
pump

RO
Feed
Reject tank
NF – Reject 18%
management RO - II RO - I IEX
system

Final
Brine solution
Reject
7–8%

82%
Brine
Permeate
solution
 TREATED WATER
TDS : < 250 ppm

Recovery of permeate : 82 – 83%

REJECT
Quantity of reject : 7–8%

BRINE SOLUTION
Quantity of brine solution
(Reusable) : 10%
ELECTRODEIONIZATION
---Replacing conventional technologies for Polishing
water
 EDI Technology
Ultrapure

• Ions removed continuously C A

Product
C A
• Resins in Steady State (no OH
H

regen)
OH
H
Na
(+) Cl
(-)
• No chemicals Cl
Cl

• Upflow design
Na
Na

Conc Feed Conc

Benefits of EDI Technology
•Constant process with stable product quality
•No acid or caustic regenerants required.
•No upsets or downtime for regeneration
•No need for high purity water rinse and
backwash.
•Produces high purity water with high water
recovery(95%)
 Additional technology Benefits
•No regeneration of waste
•Eliminates need for a waste treatment plant
•Eliminates acid and caustic storage tank
•Eliminates acid and caustic dilution skid
•Reduced floor space
•Safe and reliable (No chemical handling)
•Used in combination with RO to produce
high purity water without chemicals
•Easy to install
 Ozonia’s
Ozone Technology
-- A step towards cleaner technology
 Ozone Plant Technology
Water in
Air preparation
systems

Liquid Oxygen Gas

(LOX) out

On site oxygen
preparation
systems
Treated water out

Feed gas
Ozone generation Ozone contacting Vent ozone destruction
preparation
 Advantages and benefits of
ozone
• Most powerful disinfecting agent
available industrially
• Removal of color, taste and odor
• Support for flocculation
• Economical
• Safe and largely experienced process
• Environmentally favorable
• No Trihalomethanes as by-product
 Applications of Ozone
• Drinking water • Leachates

• Pulp and paper bleaching • Cooling towers

• Industrial Waste water • Aquaculture

• Sewage disinfection • Swimming pools and

spas
• Ultra pure water and
process water recycling • Foodstuffs industry
 Y … …
L OG
N O
E CH
T N T
H E M E
R T O N
N E VI R
E A E N
CL H E
R T
NE
EE
GR