\.

6 b 11 rAP VI A.

HerOBa rrOBlpXHHHfi, rrpHpO~fi, HaeBJIeHHB, ~YXOBHa KYJITypa, yrrpaBJIeHHB H HOBtHIlla HCTOPHH:

OT'b Jr,otLcm. tlfetek'61

npo~ecop'b B'b BUeBCltUH lHUBepCI'I'reT'b.

"IaCT:& I. B':bn:ra pctta ,IJ;':b pjRaBa. tIacT:& n. IIal.TYBaImJI no B':bJIrapHJI.

DJlOBAHB ...

Ms.n;aHIfe If nesan, na Xp. r . .lI:aHOB'1> 1899

'-IACTb nbPBA

C'L 20 KapTBBB B 1 KapTa.

ITp'B,IJ;JraraeMaTa KHHra cr.m.paca onsrrr, na enao BCeCTp:lHHO onncanne na Ch\.llIeCTBYIOllIeTO CaMO OT'b naananecers rO,n:HHH naCaM'b KH5!)I(eCTBO B'bJIrapH5! B'b HerOBHT'B ,n:HeIIIHff rpaHHIJ;H.

B'brrp'BKH HeMHOTO rrOJIO)I(eHHe Me)I(,n:y Llaparpam, H HaM-rOJI'BMHMT'b nonem, rrxrr, na CP'B,n:H5! Eapona, B'bJIrapH5! IlpHHa,Il,JI'B)I(H K'bM'b OHHe SeMH, HsyqaBaHHeTO na KOHTO ce naxnpa ome B'b aa-rar-sxs. Pem.r's na HayqHHT'B Ha6JIIO,n:aTeJIH OTKpHBaT'b ,n:BOHIJ;a nponyrn rrh\.TeIIIeCTBeHHHIJ;H na 18-T'b B'BK'b, ,I(y6poBHHqaHHH'bT'b aCTpOHOM'b BOCKOBHq'b (1762) H H'BMeIJ;'bT'b Kapcrear, HII6yp'b (1767), KOHTO MaKap'b II na rrp'BMHHaJIH 6'bpsO ryxa rro nh\.TbT'b OT'b Llaparpairs sa ITOJIIIIa, HO naxt, Me)I(,n:y npyro ex ,n:aJIII OrrIIT'b sa m.panr-s aCTpOHOMIIqeCKII orrp'B,II,'BJIeHH5! Ha M'BCTOTO. CJI'B,n:'b e,n:IIH'b ,n:'bJI'br'b Me)I(,n:YJIeK'b, rropann BOeHHHT'B Bp'BMeHa, qeTBOpHIJ;a JIIIY:HII CrreIJ;IIaJIHCTH OT'b pa3JIIIqHH HaIJ;HOHaJIHOCTH (1836-1845) CTaBaT'b OCHOBaTeJIH aa CrreIJ;HaJIHOTO nayvanaaae na THe 3eMH: reo.ror-r.r-s Bye, 6oTaHHKbT'b I'pnsriax-s, eKOHOMIICT'bT'b BJIaHKH H PYCCKIIMT'b <I>HJIOJIOr'b I'paropona-n.. Or-s-nonnpf HaM-rOJI'BM'b Harrp'B,n:'bK'b nanpann reOJIOrH5!Ta, B'b K05!TO H3CJI'B,n:BaHH5!Ta aa AMII Bye 6H,n:oxa npom.nscaaana ocorienao OT'b BIIKeHeJIb, Illnparr-s, XoxIIITeTTep'b, TOyJIa H 3JIaTapcKIIM. IJ;'BHHff Ch\. rrh\.THHT'B OTqeTH na ,n:BOHIJ;aTa BCeH3B'BCTHH, TBbP,n:'B pano YMP'BJIH a<I>pHKaHCKH H3- CJI'B,n:oBaTeJIH, KOHTO cxrno ce 3aHHMaBaJIII H C'b BaJIKaffCKIIM; noJIYOCTPOB'b, n-p-s XeMHpHX'b Bapr's (t 1865) H rHJIJIbOM'b JIe)I(aH'b (t 1871). Karo rronpoono onncaaae na 6'bJIrapCKam ,I(YHaBcKa 06JIaCTb B'b HaBeqepHe Ha oCBo6o)I(,n:eHIIeTo rrpo,n:'bJI)I(aBa ,n:a HMa IJ;'BHa rrpOH3JI'B3JIOTO Me)I(,n:y 1860 - 1875 TPIITOMHO C'bqHHeHHe, npfsnr.cxonno ffJIJIIOCTpHpaHo OT'b CaMIIMT'b asrop's, BIIeHCKffMT'b rrh\.TeIIIeCTBeHHHK'b <P. KaHIIIJ;'b; HO TO 06eMa caao TpII neTHHH OT'b HIIH'BIIIHOTO KH5!)I(eCTBO, C'b HCKJIIOqeHIIe na IIIeCTbT'B OKPh\.- 3H na 6HBIIIa I1cTOqHa PYMeJIH5! (OCB'BH'b H'BKOII rpaHIIqHII Kh\.TOBe) H OKPh\.3HT'B CO<I>IIMCKHM (OCB'BH'b CTOJIHu;aTa), TP'bHCKHM 11 KIOCTeH,n:I1JICKHM. Harrp'B,n:'bKbT'b B'b H3yqaBaHIIeTO na B'bJIrapII5! r.::.lM-,n:06p'B ce rr05!CH5!Ba OT'b cpasnenae KapTHT'B na rrOJIYOCTpOB'bT'b , OT'b Xeaapnxa Knrrepra, B'b H3,n:aHH5!Ta OT'b 1853,n:o 1885. ,I(o HeOTKOJI'B no-noops 6'BIIIe ff3B'BCTHa caxo 4epHoMopcKaTa 06JIaCTb OT'b CHJIHCTpa no Llaparpam., CHeMeHa OT'b PYCCHT'B rrp'B3'b BOMHaTa 1828 -- 1829. KapTaTa Ha OCTaHaJIIIT'B qaCTH Ha cTpaHaTa

n

6I1~e OLII1CTeHa OKOJIO 1870 OT'b HaM-SHaLII1TeJIHI1 ITOrptIIIKI1, 6tJII1 nerna I1 C'bMHI1TeJlHI1 ptLIHI1 TeLIeHI15I OT'b JIe)KaHa, KaHI1l.J;a It I1H)KeHepI1Tt, KOI1TO 6txa npsnnpaexa npfumaparenaoro I1syLIeHI1e na npoexrnpanara rypcxa Mpt)Ka )KeJItsHI1IJ,I1. - Tlspaoro nonporino I1s06pa)KeHI1e na SeM5!Ta nanoxa rr051B11BIIII1Tt ce OT'b 1877 r. JII1CTOBe na I1S~a~eHaTa OT'b I1Mrrep. KpaJI. noenno-reorpacI>I1LIeCKI1M I1HCT11TYT'b B'b BI1eHa reaepaxaa jcapra na IJ,eHTpaJIHa Espona, sa K051TO 6txa ce B'bSrrOJI3YBaJII1 C'b 06III11pHmh'b MaTepI1aJI'b, C'b6paH'b B'b TYPIJ,I151 OT'b aBCTpI1MCKI1 OcI>I1IJ,epI1.

Ha BCI1LIKI1 C'bMHtHI151 l1 KOM6I1HaIJ,I111 BbPXY LIaCTHOCTl1Tt na 06paS'bTh na ITOLIBaTa HaM-ctTHt TYPI1 KpaM Tp11rOHOMeTpl11.!eCKaTa cr.exxa na IJ,tJIaTa N1tCTHOCTb OT'b cpsocxara rpannna no BoccI>OPbT'b l1 YCTI1eTO Ha MapI1IJ,a, naar.pmeaa OT'b Pyccnrf 1877- 1879; cera BeLIe npareacaaaae ~Bt 11S~aH1151 na enna nonporina xapra (1884 11 CJIt;n:.). Enna HaYLIHa eKcrre;n:I1IJ,l151 ITO 06paS'bT'b na cI>paHIJ,ysCKl1Tt excnenmraa B'b Ernner-r, l1 Mopea rrpts'b BptMe na BOMHaTa 11 oxynauaara ce T'bKMeilie B'b TIeTep6yprCKI1Tt xpxrone, HO HaBptMHl1MT'b MOMeHT'b 6I1;n:e rrpOITYCTHaT'b. PYCCKOTO OKKyrraIJ,I10HHO YITpaBJIeHI1e Me)K~y TOBa narre-rara e~HO np-snxyutecrBeHHO CTaTI1CTMLIeCKO I1 lOpl1~l1LIeCKO cr.opanae "MaTepi5IJIhl ;n:JI51 I1SYLIeHi51 BOJIrapiI1", OT'b KOl1TO, 06aLIe, HaM'b e nocrxrrem, enam, TOMb Cb IJ,bpKOBeH'b I1 cI>I1HaHIJ,I1aJIeHb CITMC'bK'b Ha MtcTa.

OT'b OCBo6o)K~eHI1eTO BbJIrapeTt CaMI1 rrpt;n:CTaB11Xa MHoro IJ,tHHI1 Tpy~oBe sa MSCJIt~BaHMeTO na crpanara. 06IIIl1PHI1TI rry6- JII1KaIJ,I1I1 HaCTaTI1CT11LIeCKOTO 61OPO, na 6bJIrapCKOTO KHM)KOBHO ~py)KeCTBO I1 aa MMHI1CTepCTBaTa aa <Pl1HaHIJ,MI1Tt 11 na TIpOCBtlIl,eHMeTO Bb KH51)KeCTBOTO naaar-s ITbPBl1Tt rrOJIO)Kl1TeJIHl1 OCHOBl1 sa eTHOrpacI>I1qeCKO I1 eKOHOMl1QeCKO OrrMCaHI1e. EKOHOMl1QeCKI1T'B ~aHHM sa Hero craaaxa C.iKlIl,O ;n:OCT.iKrrHI1 11 na I1HOCTpaHeH'b KpXSb LI11TaTeJII1 1.!ptSb CbQI1HeHI1eTO na npmnrs <ppaHIJ,b 110CI1cI>'b cI>OHb Barrenoepr.: <Die volkswirthschaftliche Entwicklung Bulgariens». (Leipzig 1891).

ABTOPbT'b na HaCT05IlIl,aTa KHI1ra ce SaHI1MaBailie cr. 6bJIrapcxara I1CTOPl151 I1 5lSl1Kb cute lIO BptMeTo, xoraro MtCTHOCTI1- Tt na BbJIrapl15I 6txa orne TypCKI1 rrpOB11HIJ,I111, a rrO-K'bCHO no-rTH B'b npom.nacenne na ners rO~vIHI1, OTb HOeMBpI1M 1879 no CerrTeMBp11M 1884, ce HaM11pallIe na cJIJ)K6a B'b lOHOTO KH51)KeCTBO, KaTO I'xasem, Cexperaps B'h M11H11CTepCTBoTO na TIpOCBtiueanero, Bb npomoracenae na HtKoe BptMe KaTO HaLIaJIHl1K'b na TOBa MHHI1CTepCTBo, HaM-rrOCJIt KaTO ITpt~ct~aTeJIb na Y1.!e6HI1MT'b C'hBtT'h. Masapr, 11bPBOTO BptMe na ~bP)KaBHl1MT'b )KHBOTb, Cb H::l.ITOPbT'h na ;n:JI'b)l{HOCTl;HTt SaH51Tl15I H 6eSITOKOMCTBOTO aa 6'bpsO CJIt~ylOlIl,l1Tt e~I1Hb 110~HPb npyr-r, ITptBpaTI1, He 6tllIe TBbp~t 6JIar011pl15ITHO sa HaYQHI1 CTpeMJIeHI15I, TOM ce nocrapa na ;n:06Me KOJIKOTO e B'hSMO)KHO TOQHO SHaHl1e na SeM51Ta I1 HeMHl1Tt )l{MTeJIM, I1 Bb CB06o;n:HI1TI MtceIJ,I1 11pOIT.il\.TyBa HtKOJIKO 11.il\.TI1 KaKTO KH5I)KeCTBOTO, T'hM I1 611BllIaTa I1cTOQHa PYMeJII15I. Cxmo 11 110- K'hCHO, TOM BHI1MaTeJIHO c.irsneme sa HaTaTailiHOTO paSBl1TMe na

III

crpaaara. CJIt.n;'b e.n;HH'b pem, OT"IeTH H H3CJIt.n;BaHH51 aa 6'bJIrapCKH, HtMCKH H "IeCK11, nO-Be"IeTO C1, apXeOJIOrH"IeCKO, eTHOrpa<I>H"IeCKO H eKOHOMl1"IeCKO C1,.n;bp}KaHHe 1, HaCT05lIll,aTa KHHra, KaTO SaKJIIO'IeHHe na THe H3Y"IeHH5I, I1pt.n;CTaBJI51Ba enna sceorima xapTHHa na crpanara B1, BCH"IKH OTHOIlIeHH5L

3a emra crpana, K05ITO I10 CBOQTa I10BbpXHI1Ha MaJIKO np sB'bCXO.n;H I1bpTyraJI115I, I1VJIaH)J:H5I 11JIH BaBap115I 11 I10-Be"Ie OT1, nna I1A\.TI1 e I10-rOJItMa OT'b IIlBeHIJ;ap115I, MO}Ke na ce HaIII1IlIe xnoroTOMHO C'bt:fHHeHHe. BHe ce nouoraaae, otiaxe, na 6A\..n;eM1, KOJIKO ce MO}Ke KpaTKH, OIlJ;e no-neue, I10He}Ke I1pI1 He)J:OCTaT'bt:fHOCTbTa na CA\.rn;eCTBYlOrn;I1HT1, MaTepHaJI1, I1 HOBH3HaTa na IJ;tJIHHT'h np'snMtT1, MHOro pa60TH Tpt6Bailie )J:aoCTflHaT1, OTKA\.CJIet:fHH. 81, reOJIOrIUITa I1 60TaHI1KaTa panaaxe ce, -re MO}KeM'b )J:a ce I10XBaJI11M'b Cb cspne-ma 6JIar[))J:apHocTb C'b MHOrOll,tHHoTO C'b.n;tHcTBHe na )J:B01111,a JI11T.IHH eCTeCTB0I1CI111TaTeJIII. 113'b I10)J:1, rrepo'ro na HaIlII1HT'b YBa}KaeM'b npyraps, npoeeccop s .n;-p'b <l>paHIJ;1, TOY.7la 2 B'b B11eHa, KOHTO 1875 - 1890 I10)J:JIO}KH ocooeuao BaJIKaHcKHTt I1JIaH11HH Ha TO"IHO 113CJIt)J:BaHI1e,I1p0113JII13a rJIaBaTa BbPXY reoJIOrnt:feCKI1HT'b CTPOH aa crpanara. BOTaH11t:feCKI1HT1, O"IepK1" KOHTO npHBO}K)J:aMe, e OT'b .n;-pb 110C11<I>'b Be.7lelW6CKUU B'b I1para, T.IH5ITO <I>JIopa na B'bJIrapH5I ce naxnpa TbKMO I10)];'b I1eQaT'b 8. 300JIOrI15ITa, sa C'b}KaJItHHe, e I10QTH HeI10KX,THaTa 06JIaCTb. CA\.rn;O JIHI1CBa )J:O cera xarepaam, aa KJIHMaTOJIOrH5I, aHTponOMeTpI151,

1 B'hH'b OT'h )l,pe6H1lTt CTaTlU1 ocorieaao CJIt)l,YIOIIl,I1Tt: .

Beitrage zur antiken Geographie und Epigraphik von Bulgarien und Rumelien. Monatsberichte der Kgl. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Sitzung vom 12 Mai 1881 CTp. 434 - 469.

Eine Reise durch Ost-Rumelien 1880 (qeCKI1 E'b ITHCHHl1eTO "Osveta" 1882). ITKTHI1 6'l'JItlKKI1 aa Cpt)l,HlI I'opa 11 sa PO)l,OnCKI1Tt IIJlaHI1HI1 (B'h Ilepaoa.

Cnac, na 6'hJlr. KHlllK. npyxecrso B'h Cptp;eII;'h, KHl1lKKa 8 - 11).

ApxeoJIOmQeCKI1 OTKKCJIeII;11 113'0 B'bJIrapI1:5I: I. Dacia mediterranea, II. Alte Bergwerke, III. R6mische Strassen, IV. Das Pontusgebiet und der 6stliche Haemus. Archaologisch-epigraphische Mittheilungen aus Oesterreich - Ungarn, Wien 1886, X, 43 - 104, 129 - 209.

ITA\TYBaHII5I ITO B'bllrapl1:51 (Cesty po Bulharsku) na qeCKH Ilpara (1I3)1,aHl1e ira 'IecKl1ilT'b MY3eYM'h) 1888, XVI 11 710 CTp. fJIaBHO BHI1MaHl1e K'bM'h HYlK)I,liTt na CJIaBI1CTHKaTa; OT'b nXTerneCTBI15ITa no-senero ryxa C;K naaena B'b aropara qaCTb.

Einige .Bemerkungen iiber die Ueberreste der Petschenegen und Kumanensowie iiber die Volkerschaften der sogenannteu Gagauzi und Surguci im heutigen Bulgarien. Sitzungsberichte der Kgl. bohm, Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften 1889.

Ethnographische Veranderungen in Bulgarien seit der Errichtung des Fiirstenthums. Oesterreichisch - ungarische Revue, Wien, Nov. und Dec 1890 CTp. 173 - 192.

2 Cpan, <P. TOYJla, Reisen und geologische Untersuchungen in Bulgarien.

Wien, H6lzel1890 (Yortrage des Vereines, Zur Verbreitung naturwissenschaftlicher Kenntnisse in Wien, XXX Jahrgang, Heft 16) C'h 1 reoxoruxecxa xapra, npo<l>11J1I1 11 I1306palKeHI111.

3. Flora bulgarica. Descriptio et enumeratio systematica plsntarum vascularium in principatu Bulgariae spont nascentium, C'b)l,bplKa OKOJIO 2500 Bl1)1,a 11 ce liBI1 1891.

IV

yrzraana H Me,!J;HIJ)1HCKa CTaTHCTI1Ka, CTaTI1CTMKa sa ,!J;06MT'bK'b M T. H. Tarca M B'b OCTaHaJIOTO TBhP,!J;t MHoro Htw;a CAl. caxo npn- 6JII13I1TeJIHI1, rrarrp. ,!J;aHHHTt aa pa3Mtp'bT'b na oopaoornanara 3eM5I, B'b HeTOqHHTi; orne crapn TY3eMHH MtpH. Tlo-crapara HCTOPH5I aa B'b.JIrapeTt B'b csoe BptMe (1876) HHe H3JIO"lKHXMe B'b oT,!J;i;JIHa KHHra, K05ITO cera B'b HCtKHH CJIyqaM I1SHCKBa HtKOH nptpa60TBaHH5I. TYKa rrpt,!J;cTaBJI5IBaMe caxo e,!J;HH'b xpar-sxr, .JItTOfIHCeH'b np srxezn, na HOBtMruaTa HCTOPM5I, na K05ITO 6txMe OTqaCTH OqeBH,!J;IJ;I1 H JIHqHOCTJ1Ti; na K05ITO rrOqTJ1 J!Cl1'IKM 3HaeM'b OT'b 6.JIM3y. I'Ipn TOMSH CJIyqaM HSPHqHO Tpt6Ba zta ce sa6t.JIt"lKH, qe nanrero PAl.KOBO,!J;CTBO He e HHKaKBa O<I>HIJ;H03Ha, rrO,!J;6Y,!J;eHa OT'b O'bJIrapCKOTO rrpaBHTe.JICTBO ny6.JIHKaIJ;H5I. To e qaCTHO rrptinrrpH5ITHe, rJIe,!J;HaTa TOqKa aa KoeTO MO"lKe na 6iYi,!J;e caxo OHa5I na e.Jl,HH'b JII060SHaTeJIeHb nz.renrecraermrncr, H Ha6.JIJO.Jl,aTeJIh.

B'b nropara -racrr, HHe npnnnoueroxae HaMtcTo cyxo e,!J;HO orrHcaHHe Ha OT,!J;tJIHMTt OKPAl.SH M Ti;xHMTt OKOJIHH ,!J;a ,!J;a.Jl,eMb nxrenrecmaa, OT'b emra crpana SaIIl,OTO ,!J;t.JIeHMeTO na crpanara e orne TBhP,!J;t M3MtHqvIBO, OT'b npyra 3all1,OTO ns.renrecrnnara HH ,!J;aBaT'b B'bSMO)I(HOCTh na rrp'sncraamrs no-rronpooao HtK05I MaJIKO MSBtCTHu Mi;cTHOCTh. I1PH TOBa He BCHqKI1 M-BCTHOCTH HHe snaexr, paaaozrtpao rro caoe COOCTBeHHO Ha6JIJO,!J;eHHe.

qIICJIaTa sa HaCeJIeHHeTO CAl. B3eMeHII OT'b pe3YJITaTHTt Ha np-BOp05IBaHHeTO OT'b 1888, qHCJIaTa na BHCOqHHHTt OT'b xapraTa na PYCCKHMT'b renepanerrr, mrarrs. Br, XpOHO.JIOrIIqeCKI1TI ,!J;aTH, Bn IJ;HTaTHTt OT'b MtCTHM ,!J;OKyMeHTH H BtCTHHIJ;H Tpt6Ba .Jl,a ce paariapa TaMoruHHMT'b acroverrr, xaneanaps, KOMTO Crrp5IMO aananHHMT'b SaK'bCH5IBa na 12 ,!J;eH5I; npn BCHqKO, qe no B'b3MO)I(HOCTh, ce nprrrypanre narara na HOBHMT'b aarranem, CTJ1JIb. 11306pa"lKeHM5ITa CAl. B3eMeHH BCHqKH OT'b 6'bJIrapCKH <I>OTOrpa<I>H; rrpH HS- 60p'bT'b OT'b enna rOJItMa KOJIJIeKIJ;H5I TeXHHqeCKaTa B'b3rrpOH3BO,!J;HMOCTh OTCTAl.rr5I TBhP,!J;t qeCTO aa HayqHHMT'b mrrepec-s, I1ptrJIe,!J;HaTa MaJIKa xapra (cnoperrs xaprara na Karrepra), C'b rpaanIJ;HTt Ha OKPAl.3MTt, "lKeJIt3HHIJ;Htl H nxrnmara crropem, O<I>HIl,IIaJIHII .Jl,aHHII, rp sona na CJIY)I(II caao sa rrspao opHeHTIIpaHHe, rroHe"lKe rronpoonarf aBCTpHMCKII II PYCCKII BoeHHH KapTII Ha B'b.JIrapns rro HaCT05Ill1,eM'b CAl. H pacnpocrpaaena, II ,!J;OCTAl.rrHII.

Ha csr.pmexr, HCKa3BaMe CB05ITa ,!J;A\.JI60Ka 6JIarO,!J;apHOCTh na 6'bJIfapCKOTO CTaTHCTHqeCKO OJOPO, KoeTO HH ncrrpamaure BCHqKH CBOH rry6JIIIKaIJ;HII, M na MHoro6pOMHIITt rrpII5ITeJIII B'b BaJIKaHCKaTa 3eM5I, KOIITO HeYMopHO HII nomn.pzcaxa C'b rrIICMeHHHTt CII C'b06w;eHII5I H acnpanranaero aa ne-raraa KHl1rII.

TIpara, <l>eBpyapIIH 1891.

i

1 !

C'D lIHHHTeJlhT'D.

(OT'L np'.bBOjl,a'la)

HaCT05IlUaTa I{HI1:ra 6tllIe rOTOBa sa rreaart, orne B'h ronnaara na HeMHOTO n05IB5IBaHVle ira HtMCI{HM 5ISHI{'h, rrpts'h 1891. Ho no npHqHHH, HeSaBHC5IIUH HHTO OT'h nanarem.rr., HHTO OT'h xeac, nptBollaq'hT'h na TOMSH TOM'h, HeMHoTo ornexareaaae CTaHa ensa cera, CJItll'h qeTHpH rOllHHH. Paaonpa ce, OT'h TOBa Sa6aB5IHHe C'hqHHeHHeTO na r. Hpe-nca HHlUO He ryoa: cs Hero TOM nasa snpaaa OCHOBa H cxxnorrauao YrIAl.TBaHHe, I{aI{'h H lUO na nayaanaae B'h OTeqeCTBOTO CH, cs I{OeTO YJIeCH5IBa aanaxara na BCHqI{H OHHe, I{OHTO 6H nO)l{eJIaJIH na nopa60T5IT'h na TOBa 6JIarOpOllHO H 6JIarOllapHO nOJIe. I1CTVIna, B'h )l{HBOT'hT'h HH CAl. CTaHaJIH sa TOBa BptMe HtI{OH npoMtHH, HO Tt CAl. no TOJII{OBa HSBtCTHH na BCHqI{H, lUOTO MOraT'h ce OTMHHa 6es'h 6tJIt)l{I{H; HHTepecYlOlUHTt ce ct. CTaTHCTHI{aTa MOraT'h HaMtpH no-np'scaa nanHH B'h HSllaHH5ITa na CTaTHCTHqeCI{OTO BlOpO. Ilp snnaraeMHMT'h 1- M T"OM'h e rrptBOll'h na rn, paara qaCTh OT'h HtMCI{OTO C'hqHHeHHe «Das Fiirstenthum Bulgarlen», a na MtCTO rrropara HtMCI{a -racrt., no HHHUHaTHBaTa na HSllaTeJI5I H rop'smara npfsnopxxa na BtlUH JIHua, e npt.seneno qeCI{OTO C'hqHHeHHe OT'h CAl.lUHM asropt, «Cesty po Bulharskus I{aTO nO-n'hJIHO H no-rranccsoopasuo sa 6'hJIrapcxarf qHTaTeJIH. Ct. TOBa nanaane Tt HMaT'h B'hSMO)l{HOCTh Han'hJIHO na ce sanOSHa5IT'h ct, 06HJIHHMT'h H cxznorrtnem, MaTepHaJI'h, I{OMTO r. Hpevem. e csopam, l1ptS'h HtI{OJII{OrOlll1llIHOTO CH npt6HBaHHe B'h B'hJIrapH5I H I{OMTO e HSJIO)l{HJI'h C'h CBoMcTBeHHaTa HeMY BtlllHHa:

B'h cTpora 110CJItlloBaTeJIHOCTh, C'h 5ISHI{'h 110H5ITeH'h, C'h HSll'hp)l{aHO 06eI{THBHe;UTHollIeHHe I{'hM'h m.npocar-s, I{OHTO paarvrenna. OT'h rrspua no rrOCJItllH5I crpaanua qHTaTeJIhT'h -teprra CBt:ntHH5I, 3HaHHe; B'h HerOBO I1SJlO:}l{eHHe

nopn KapTHHHTi> ua naurer o HaH-6JIH3KO MHHaJIO He uapyuraaarr, HH aa MHrb crrOKOHHOTO 611eH11e na cspnueTO. 3a oCBi>TJIeHHe na csm.pxanner o KbMb Cb"lHHeHHeTO CR;. rrpHJIO)J{eHH KapTHH11, 11306pa)J{aIomH pa3HH 6bJIrapcxa T.HrlOBe 11 Mi>CTHOCTH,· ii MaJIKa xapra na J{H5I)J{eCTBO BbJIrapH5I, KOJIKOTO na nane 06mOTO oxep'raaae na crpanara .. Koiiro, oca-te, )J{eJIae na ce sanosaae Cb rrpi>JI,MeTbTb no-noopf 11 na H3BJIi>qe no-ronfsxa no.nsa, - oco6eHHO OTb "leTeH11eTO na sropara -racrs, K05ITO

. 11CKJIIO"lJHTeJIHO ce aaH11MaBa ct. pa3HH Mi>CTHOCT11 Bb OTe"lJeCTBOTO HH, - rpt.cna na HMa nom, pxxa npt.xpacuara rOJIi>MaKapTa, irsnanena OTb r. Xp. ,ILaHOBb.

Anpu.nuit.

Pycce.

E. KapaBeJlOBa.

CTJl. peA" aanesaraao 'tISTH
62 ·6 « OKPi1iSlI RasRH.l'LmKllit 11 OKOJlllll KRSaH.I'LmKR 11 HOBO-
Hoaosaropcaaa aaropcxa.
67 9 « KpORTlI X'LpBaTll
124 7 OT)10.lY (C -) CTp. 100
138 14 « mlTRTlUI llllTRHHH
187 4 OTfOP'1> (C -) (Orp. 170).
187 13 OT)10.ly (C -) (CTp. 177).
396 23 « XIITPOB'L XHTpOBO.
399 (6'1>dllKRaTR pe)1'L 3) KonHTROB'L KOnllTRHH'L. r

LIACTb TIbPBA.

I. rpaHHL\M, npOremeHHe M DNAose aeMIIMw,e.

liHHEeCTBO E'.bJIrapHH aaexa, nO~HPb 1I3BhPllIeHOTO npt3'b 1885 1'. rrpHC'1t')VIHeHlIe na IIpt)!;IIIllHH.Ta Typmm aBTOHO~IHa oO .. racrr, l1CTOIlH3 Py~re~nHI, noroasxara IIaeTh OT']) lICTOIIHaTa noaounaa na Ba.lnmnc,Iulii 1I0JIYOCTPOE'h. I'pamIIJ,HTt, CW£)!;'b 3a.TIJIllaBaHlIeTO na IIorpaHH1lH3Ta JIHHlUI l'IIelfl)l,Y E'b,lIrapna: II HCTO'lHa PY])IeJIllJI, CJ> ORne, IIlO e& OOOiluallenu cnOpe)l,'b EepmmClUlfi )l.OrOBOp'L 1878. Ca~IO ua I()l"L R'b POAOIIUr'B Ha-lIOCJI'I3)1,ue CJ> OCTaHa,TIlI B'b nOJ13a aa TypIJ,lf'r1\ IIBa OOLPHJ>Tlf K'.bM'h c'BBep'L oupt3'l>lVI. E'hJlrapHfl HllIeHHO 1886 OTCT&UU na Iloprara C.Il'B~'b aaB:3Cl'IIamIeTO na PY1UMIHl nptA'B,TI'bT'.L na ~lyxal\Ie)l.aHcKlITt lh.lll'ape llIem)l;Y rpa)J,ell.'bT'.L Baram, II u3BopU'rt na Ap)!,a, WI, 'lUeTO B.'Iall'lmne eooCTBeHHO HCToIJuo-py:ueJIIIHCKOTO 06.lIaCTHO IIpaBllTeJICTBO nnxora He e npOHlIHBaJIO, If py~IemlftCImTa OROJUIJI K'h p)],ammr npn AomUI Ap)!,tl.

IIpocTpaHcTBoTO na IiHlIlflecTBOTo B'L nauaao ce Cl\rlrrallle C'L 63,972, a I1cToIJno-pYll1eJIIIHCI\aTa OOJIaCTL C'L 3fd)OO Ima)(paTHJI In{JIOlll('Tpa. Cnope)l,'I> e)l,HO n3'lH(j~IeHIIe na 6'LJIrapcmdh'b lUUHell'l) HIIJRJIHep'L '1'., H. Iiapaxanreur, BhpXy ocaonara na HaH-HOBan Pycelm KapTa aa l'eHepa.nndtT'L IlITau'1 ceramuero itHfllKecTBo, CJI't;rb H3Balllil3Hue OTCTtYllHJIUIT'f, npt)l,'J,.JHl R'J, PO)l.omITt, IIMa 99.276 RBa)l.paTIIlI h'H.wllltYfpa.1

IiHHiliecTBoTo C'h/~hplKa H3 CHORTa nouspxmrna nCU'lRIl CTeneHI1 aa 3el\VHIlll.e 01"h i:lHa'lUTeJ1HII ll.IIaHIIHCRH 3ell1H AO OUllllIpHII roum paBHuHH, If TO ll'b nocra npocro paCnO!l.tJleHue.2 Ih cpt!l.a'ra l\It'JIiIW lI.YHaB'hT'L

rI

:EC.::a:Rra. r:J:J:;. p::sa._

rE 0 r P A qJ H qE CKHM lIP 1) r JIE,It; r:h.

1 HHaR'h C.1faBOB'l> ()J;ll:peKTOp'h na CTaTHCTfI'IeCKOTO 6IQPO), IIOHhPXHocTI,Ta aa B'l>.1ffapHfI, H'l> C60pHHK'l>T'h aa MHRHcTepcTBoTO na Ilpooamneaaero. Co-llMJI 1889, 1. 311$ CTp.

2 EIVIIl'h Har.lH111;eH'h 06pa3'h aa II.1faHHHCKHTT. oraouieana aa Ba.lIKaHcKllil.T'h nOJrYCTpOB'l> HH AaBa n3Aall;eHaTa XHOCOMeTpn'leCKa RapTa OT'l> IbmepaTopcKo-RpaJre.ljtR.I!l1T'l> noeano-reorpaqiaaecaaz .I'lHCTIfryT'h C'h OO.l'l: "Der Europaische Orient im M1isse 1 : 1,200,000 (Wien 1887, 4 Bl).

H. Ifpe'leK'h. - KBJImeCTBO B'hJlrapml'a

1

I

2

I

I

__ ..... ......

II I01KHaTa rpanaua )I;'b.llraTa .Il&.IlOOOpaaHO paCnO.l101KeHa nepara na BaaRaH'bT'b oopasyaa, T'bit )l;a ce pese, rp'bOHaR'bT'b na aeaara, IhM'b I(H''b KHH1KeCTBOTO CK.IlIO'lBaT'b Poronars If TtCHO caspaaaara C'b TtX'h PaaanJIaHlIHa. Ha eanars, r)l;tTo THe )l;Bt roasxa n.llaHHHCKII CIfCTeMII ce )l;OO.llH1KaBaT'b e)l;Ha )1;0 )l;pyra, npa CTO.llHlIaTa COCPHH .llt1KH e)l;Ha anorooopaaHa naaaaacaa aeaa C'h BHCORII nspxone H OT)I;t.llHII KOT.IlOBlIHII, xapaxreps na MtCTHOCTh, KOfirO OT'b TaM'b 'lpta'b n.llaHlIHCKIIMT'h aanars na rro.llyocTPOB'bT'b ce rrpO)l;'b.ll1KaBa )1;0 A)I;plIaTII'leCKO Mope. fO.lltMII paBHIIHII lIMa )l;Bt, e)l;HaTa Me1K)I;y ~YHaB'bT'b II Ba.llKaH'bT'b, )l;pyraTa B'b crapa 1'paKIIH Me1K)I;y Ea.llKaH'bT'b II Poaonara. 1't c&. HaM-ro.lltMHTt B'b rro.IlYOCTPOB'hT'b, OOCTOHTe.llCTBO, soero npasa Bsarapna eraa rro upsIIMYlIIecTBo aeM.Ile)l;t.ll'leCKa crpana, HO B'b IIt.llOTO ClI npOTe1KeIIlIe Tt He B.IllIaaT'b B'b rpaaanarf na ItHH1KecTBoTo.

B'L.IlraplIlI He e ot)l;Ha C'b 1KIIBOnIICHII MtcTa, ocooeaao B'b nraHlIHeKaTa 3eMlI na 3ana)l;'b II B'b 1'paKHtitmaTa paBHHHa C'b HeHHaTa Be.lII'leCTBeHHa pansa ; MtCTHOCThTa Me1K)I;y ~YHaB'bT'h H Ea.llKaH'LT'b e no-severo elwooOpa3Ha.

..

1 E'bJlrapCKaTa HapOAHa TOlIorpaifJliIqecKa HOMeHKJlaTypa e CJI'llAYIOUlaTa: lIJIaHIiIHa (TYPC. OaJlKaI1'b); ropa, JI'llC'b (lIJiaHIiIHa nspaoaaxaaao oaaaxaeaaa AJllIliIiI:-

CKHT'll lIaCIIUla IiI e IICTIIKaJla AYMaTa ropa sa oaaasasaaae aa lIJiaHIiIHa caxo OT'b

14-TO CTOJl'llTlle); aspx-s - HaH-BIiICOKIITB TOqKIiI aa rpeOeHbT'b; qYKa - CKaJIRCTHH BbpX'b (B'b EaJIKaH'bT'b); OI'lJlO - lIJlaHHHCKIiIH rpeoeas ; O'bPAO (TYpC. oallp'b); X'bJllll'b HJlIiI xoraaa (TypCKH rene}; npncsaa (B'b Cp'llAHH I'opa) BOAopa3A'llJl'b; npn-

CJlOlI'b (B'b BaJIKaH'bT'b) ClIYCK'b; P'bT'b (aa 3alIaA'b PIiIA'b) OTI\'IlJIeH'b KJIOH'b aa naaHIiIHaTa, KoliTo ce 113AaBa aa HaB'bH'b OT'b rJIaBHaTa qaCTb; op'llr'b e CKJlOH'b aa lIJIaHHHaTa (C£.UlO ce ynorpsriaaa H sa pllKHT'II); canea - rOJIa ypBa OT'b n'llC'bK'b HJlH rJIIiIHa; lIeUlepa; csaaa, MaKeAOHCKH Kapna (TYPC, aaaapa); pnaa (TYpC. Aepe); AOJl'b (YlIlaJlHTeJIHO AOJIqUHa) oaaaaasa KaKTO eAHa T'llcHa AOJIIIHa, T'bH H p'llqeH'b lIOTOK'b; CyxOAOJI'b nepliIOl\liIqeCKHfi nOTOK'b; AOJIHHa; naaaaa ; saaor-s ; CKOK'b (np'bCKa.w B'b j EaJlKaH'bT'b) BOAOnaA'b; BHp'b; aaBoli; 113BOp'b; KJIaAeHel.l'L (CTYOeJIb na P;YHaB'LT'L); II nO.RHHa (TypCKH aaas-s, MJla) nacame aa nJlaHHHaTa; JIHBaAa; nose e maposa pas-

HHHa. AYMaTa A'llJl'b B'b CMIiIC'bJl'b aa BOllopaaAlIJI'b ce cpsma B'b 1III1BIiIHT'b H3HK'b caxo

nplil COifJI'IH; B'b APyraT'll M'llcTa ce HBBBa caao B'b xaoroopoaaa eodcrsenua M'llCTHII IIl1eHa; TaKa C&UlO AYMaTa lIOTOK'b na MCTOK'b ce cp'llUla B'b M'llCTHHTB coocTBeHHII I!MeHa; eaepo; OJl3.'l'O; TbpcHHa, TbpCHUle, nort.peame.

2. nJlaHMHItTt.

Ba.llKaHCmfiiT'h nO.llYOCTPOB'b e xaoro uaanaaaerr., HO nerOBHTt B'b3BlIllleHlIH He MoraT'1 )l;a ce cpaBHlIBaT'b C'b A.IllIlITt H.IlII KaBKa3'b. 1't HtMaT'h raersepa lI.IllI .Ile)l;HlIlIlI II HaM-BIICOKIITt B1pXOBe He )l;ocmraT'b )l;opn )1;0 BIiCO'lIlHaTa na ETHa (3310 At). B'h B'b.llrapHlI Ha)l;'L .IltcHuMT'b nOHC'b BUHarn ce pacnpocraparn rO.lltMII nacama C'L x.rsarana rpssa ; Ha)l;'b TtX'h C.Ilt)J;BaT'1 KanleHIlCTH nora, B'b KOHTO CHtf'b ce aanasaa caao B'b HtKOlI saryneaa na)l;IIHII. B1pXOBeT'B, no- nereroaparaa, ce lIa)l;lIraT'b Ma.llKO Ha)l;'1 rpetieasrr, H BCH'lKlI OTHOCIITe.llHO c&. .IleCHO npoxO)l;IIMII.1

llJlaHl1HI1TlI.

3

HaU-BIICORaTa uaanaua B']) crpanara, P II.II a - II ,1 a H II H a ce 113- B1UIlaBa Ha)J,']) II3BopurB na Mapu~a, ~lecTa II I1CI"])P']).l llpOTelKCHIIC'I,'O na nepurara on aanars R'}'M'j) HCTon lipon caxo OROJIO 50 IHI.I0MCTpa. HaH-BIIcOIUIitT'1 BhPX']) e ~I Y C a.II.1J a, IWHTO ~t,'Ib .IItlKlI aa O'£.IITapcIm 3CMlf, HillI-omI3Y )1,0 IlP'B)l;IIlIIHIIIl:n TpIl£.l'bJIHIIK'b MClK)I,Y B'MrapIIJI, HCTO'lHa PY.llCJIUJI II Typ~IIJI. 2 'l'oli3II IlJrammCRUM: IICIlO.IIIIII'1 sa usps's Il£.Tb C BlIeCCH']) B'£ RapTuTt Upt3'1 IlOCJlt,~HeTO PYCCRO 1I3~rl\pcHuc na crpanara; Toli CC BHlK)J,a c)J,HaImO )J,oopt aasro on IIJIOB)J,IIBCKaTa panHIIHa, TI,M: II on COIPIIM:CKaTa ROTJIOBIlIla. C'£ CBOllTt 2930 xerpa, IlOJllIpb MaJlKO ll'BI1.IO C'£M.HHTC.lIHIInT'1 JlIooOTp'])H'1 (3050 '''?) B']) Illap's II O.iJJIMIlb (2973 "), Toli C TpcTuli 110 BlICO'lIIHa on )1,0 cera 113- ~ltpcnHHT'B BhPXOBC na ~tmlliT'£ IIOJIYOCTPOBlJ. Ha HCTOKlJ Pn~Ia HeIlOCpti(CTBCIIIlO oe CBhp3Ba (j']) Po JJ; 0 II II T t, ua IOn, C1, II C P n H '])II Jl a II U H a (crapalrn, 0POeJIOClJ), B']) ilOJIUllaTa na CTpy~m, 'lIUlTO BMUQCCTBeHfm nupaU;l;a (2680 "), aancraua nali-nptRpaclHIliTb uaaHHIlCRUH oopa:3'b un rae rrptrrBJIU, l'JICila )J,a,m'llJ lIptn rpamniara R'b~l'1 RUl'apnJI. B£ BIIJIOOOpa3HaTa TO'lRa ua rne )IBt BCPUl'lI .wham (iacCCHU'])'l'l> ua MCCTa B'b ~rBCTIIOCThTa P a a JI 0 r '£, CbBhPillCHIIO aa TYPCRa 3C~[}].

Ha sannrs on Para ce II3;llIra OTBil)l'b CTPY~ICRilTa iIO.1lllIIa o cor 0 B C Ii a II JI a II n II a.» ceraumara nnrpauasna JIlll11HI B h lilo~TeH)l,H.1J:CIUrHn-OKpJl.l"£, C'}, Bbpn PyeH'b (2253"'). Ha 1Ol'h OCorOB1> ce rrpnCM)VIHJIBa R'MI'b oute nra.!mo nac.[T,;(BaUfIHT£ JIilOUpUHTb na .1I'BCHUTt Il.!IaHIHm B'b lICTO'lHa l\IaRC)lOHlIlI,

lkruIIcKnnT'£ npU3HaR'£ nil 3aTIa!~Ha S'])JIrapuJI e OC,UIOTtlHara, OT']) BCll CTpaHU OTb iWIe\['b Brri(~nIa B 1I TO ill a J npn CTOJIJIua COIPIiJI (2291 "}. Ih~llJ C3 on nea ce pacnpcerapa tiorar« pacs.teaenara TP'bHCRa Il.JIaHIIHCKa aeMJI; neHIIHTh HaH- Bl1COIHI BhpXOBe c£. P Y H (1712 ") llplI 'l'P'bHT, Cb HerOBUHT'b neJUIl\O.JI'BUeIIb OIW.JIOl',Je;(,b II .IT K) 0 a r C R a 1I.1Ia H II If a (1932 ") aa CPhOCI\ilTa rpannua RUh cBBepI, OTh Ii 10- CTCHillIJI'L .

1 ITo. 6'b.IrapCKl1: cera ce napasa Paaa, CTapD6'b.'lrapCKIi Pst.ra (y DY:lOeKa 1554 Bulla], noneae ooJlrapcKl1I1T'b H3IIK'b e lIarYOII.II'b Tall 6YKRa; CJlll~DBaTe'[IID 4l0PMIITlI na aauamoonponeacsur-n KapTIi PII.lb (M3.lK. pO,'\'b) II PIIJlD (cpn.r. poa s] He cx. sallMcTBYHaHH DT'b MllCTHDTO ynorpno.reuae

2 liMeTD MycaJlJla e TypCKO, K~KTD no-seaero naaaaucaa I'!MeHa na C'bC Ill;HIlTlI Poaona, ep;IlR'b cnouem, aa TypKOMaHCKl:!Tll aaryuape - naCTl1pl'l (IOpYl\IITll).

3 D;YMaTa OCO~06'O e crapa, p;o6pll 113BlIcTHa OT"b cpll"HeBllKOHHIITB l1CTO'lHIIl\Il. Ha3BaHI'leTO ./l;OBaHI'll\a naaaaaa-' ua HllKOIi WtpTII e Hell3BBCTHO 1I'b crpaaara 11 nO'lIIBa aa aeaopaayxnaae ; K'bM'b C3 DTo KIO~'reHAIIA'b JlBaUl eaao ceao AoraHlII,a 11 npa Hero aa rpanauara CARH'b neaaaxareaem, rpetieas }l;oraHOHCKa TIJlaHIIHa.

4. IhreTo aa 6'b.[rapCKIl e : TaKa (1IIen. pOi\'b), a He B:lTOIlIo (M3.1II. pojrs}, RaKTO ce 0003HaQaHa na nllKOIl sapra.

1*

4

Memll,Y THe TI.JIUHUHII HU aauart .JIT.iKaT1> ~lHor06poiiHH 1IJ10Il,OBHTlI ROTJlOBHHII, no-sesero 6aeeeiiHH na HT.KOralllHH esepa, paBlI,t.JIeHH e~a OT1> ~pyra e'.b nIICOKH npOXOII,II II no spaamara oaapeaa qeCTO 1',1> TOll.JIll aasopa. 'f'BxHInt TeKymll BOII,ll npllHa)l;.JIT.maT1> R'I>M1> 6aceeitHllTt na CTPYll1a, lfcrnp1> II Hmuana. r.JIaBHuTt, 3eMeHU CIIOpe)l;1> BHCOqlIHaTa JIM1>, 1',& CaMOROBCKUTU KOTJIOBHHa (930 M), nit napereaero 3 He II O.II e HJIll Tp1>HCRa ROTJIOBHHU (770 JIt), rpUXOBO UH Bpssaanna ROT.JIOBJIHa (750 "), PUII,OllmpCKu KOT.JIOBHHa (Haii-)I;&.JI6oKH 1l1'BCTU Ha)J,1> 630 "'') , JI;ynHlIlliRaTa (550 "'), CoqmiicKaTu (Haii-)J,&..JI60InI llltcTU 500 "') !ll I\IOCTeHI~UJICRaTa (470 - 500 M). T1>ii czmo II OTBUI\1> rpanauara B1> Chp6ua ITnpOT'I>, IlHUI1> JI Bpaaa cx.. paCnO.JIOiKeHlI B1> IIo)l;o6HII IIJIUHlIHCKll ROT.IIO nnan.

Haii-~'I>.JIfaTa IIJIaHnHCRa sepnra B1> crpanara e )J,peBHIIH XeMYC1>, 1l06'I>.JIrapCRII C Tap a IlJI a H H H a, 1 a B'I> CTpaHCTBO OT'L TYPCRl'ITt BoliHIr TIpt:n llIImaJIOTO CTOJItTue TIO- nesero e llBB'BCTHa TIOII,'I> IIMeTO BaJIKalI'I>, KorTO TypCKlI TJIaBHO osnasana llJIaHIIHa. Bepnrara ce npocrapa on I\O.JIIIHaTa ua TIIllI0K'I> HU CpbOCRaTa rpanana )1;0 llepHo MOpe, oopa::lyna (OCB'BH'L npn Bpaua] e)J,IIH1> e)l;IIHCTllen'I> rperieas. U no BIICO'IlIHiua na m.pxoser-t, ClI lie J1:0CTlira nopn 1,0 .JI'BiKamlITT. Hacptuta Ce)J,~IOrpa)1,CKJ[ Iiapuara. liCK'I>P'I> e ell,lIIICTBellllaTa psna, HOJITOpa3- ClIqa TIJraHlIHUTa nanptRIl qp'B3'L e)J,IIlI1> llla.JIRO )1;OCT&neH'I> Ttc·eH1> npoXOII,'L. 1\'],1\11> aanam OT'l, Toli31I npOJIOlll'I> c'BBepmIiiT'L CR.JIOn'I. e CTP},MeH'L, lOJl.;HllHT'J, e OOl'£pHaT1> OT1> xnoro psrone, ROHTO Y,lJeCHHBUT'I> IICKaqnaIllH'TO na rona 3HUlJHTemIO pa3CTOJIHHe. Nul'l, IICTOR'I> OT'I> nPQJIOM'.bT'I, llaK'}, )1,0 rpa)1,'1 C.JIUBeIl'I> iosnara crpana lIain CII OCTaBa crptema II oroaena, uoraro cimepHaTa IIp'BII,CTaBJIJI13a e)l,na mnposa, HHCRa, !lOupt saceaena .ll'BCUCTa lIJIaHlIHa. OT'I> npOXO)1,'I>T'I> lIO lI£TbT'b OT'I> CJIlllleU'h sa ThpnOBO lI.JIaHUnaTa nonena )~U ryou B'b BIICO'lIIHa, II ce pa311t.lJJI na Tpa nepnrn, Mem)l;Y ROlITO H.amlJIlll c6npa BOII,UT'B ClI, sa )l.a rn ornece B'.b llepHo Mope. C'BBepnaTa OT'I> THe neparn 06pa3YBa nptctRaTa lIU'jl\iW lI,YHaB'bT'I> n reRymHTt B'I> nORTh pflRII :CaRap'I>BaJIl\aIl1> npn Ocmarma3ap'I>, r&CTOJItCIICTllth'I> nptCJIaBCRUH BaJIRaH'I> C'I> npO.JIOM'hT'I. na THqa npn . paBBaJIUHIITT. na CTUpO-O'I>.JIrapCKaTa CTO.JIlI~a llptC.JIall'I, II oeaaorenoro illYMHeHcKo maro. lOmHaTa BepIlra ce CBI,pllIBa sese npn l'lapH06aT'I). Cpt.)l.HJITa II,OCTHra)l.O 'Iepno Mope npa HOC1> Eaom. (TYPC. ElIllme), WI. 'lIH'TO nxe ce e. 3ana3IIJI1> CnOMeH'b sa )J,peBHHHT'h XeMYC'h, 11 ce cnynra C'.b CTpLMHU JIT.CnCTU CRJIOHOBe K'I>M1> sopcro.

HaH-BnCORIfTt BbpXOBe ce lIaMnpUT'I> B'I> Cp'B)l.aTa na n,'BJIara Be-

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IllpHJISraTeJIHOTOTO cmap» 03HaQaBS TYIIS, 1I3KTO B'l> qeCTO cpllm;arom;eTo ce EMe Crapa-pnsa, nosexe rOJIll)1a OT'l> KOJIKOTO crapa.

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para, IIpH RaJIo'llep'b B'b3'b H3BOPHTt aa TYHi\iKa: r I() lU P Y R 'I a JI 'L 2374'" II Ka)l;HMJIIIH 2279 M, Hafi-BaiKHHTt BbpXOBe OT'b TaM'!> K'bM'b CPboCPtaTa rpanana oz ; AM6aplII~a 2134''', Btlli.eH'b 2201 ", EaGa 1793 ", l\1yprauI'h 1693 ''', ROM'b 1966 .ll 11 MIIjJ;iROP'b 2166 ", Ila HCTOK'J, HMa caxo nO-HIICRH nspxose ; 'IeMepHa npa TBhpII:Hn;a

'1535~', lJaTa.lIl\a npn CJIlIBeH'b 1183"': BucotiIIHaTa na on.1l0TO B'!> cptll,HuliT'h Barsam, qeCTO Ha)l,MHHaBa 1500·', OJllI3Y )\0 'IepHo 1I10pe ~OCTHra caao 6- 800 ".

CtBepmITt RJIOHOBe npu He3HaqUTeJIHa BlICOqUHa npnreaanar-s p;OCTar'J,qHO nporeaeaae. Ha sanam C& oorarooopa3Hurt iRUBOllHCHH CRa.llll npa BtJIorpaAqHK'b, OT)J;tJIHHTt IIacTpHHcRII BhpXOBe (555 ''') npII RYTJIOBHl\a II peA1J X'bJIMOBe (785 ~') na ctBep'J, on Bpana. B'b cpt)l,aTa Han- ll,aJIeqHII'rt RJIOHOBe MelKllY Bun II Pocnna )l,OCTIIraT'!> na MtcTa ),0 uo- nese OT'b 200·ll BlICORJITt X'bJIlIIOBe npn HlIIWIlO,'!b; Me1KAY OC'bllI'b II HHTpa JI'BlKH na 40 RIIJIOMeTpa )I,'h,I'hI"b peirb 6a3aJITOBll ROHYCH (ro 480 "]. Pa3)1tJIeHa aa MHOl'O ptmlI JW.UlHll, c'!> upnarem, 1I3rJIelJ:1J H 1J:0opt HaCeJIeHa e 1I0qTlI qnCTO u'hJIrapCRaTa IlO~-

'6ammHcRa X'b.'ll\IIICTa MtCTHOCTh npa TbpHOBO. Hararam, R'b3I'L UCTOR'!> :ileRHoro npOII:'bJIlKeHlIe, sese B'b qlICrOTypCRa 06.lIaCTb, R'b1\1'b OClIlaHnaaap's HOCU MtcTHoro uassanae T y 3 JI Y R 'J,. Ha3BaHlleTO He lIp01I3.UI3a HUl\al\'b, I,RRTO MIICJIUT'b B1JJIrapeTt, OT'b TypCI\' T Y 3 - co.n., KORTO BMtlJ:CTBue na ran HapO)J;Ha eTIiMOiIOrlUl TYRa YChPil:HO ThPCJITI" HO HHrjl,'B He Hal\[llpaT'b. CIlope)J;1J HalIIeTO I\lH1lHUe, TO He e nnuio HPyro OCBtH"b OCl1laHCROTO )J; 10 3 JI 10 K 1J ~ HlICRO 1IItCTO, 110 JIe , RoeTO cuopezs rpytioro aHa)];OJICRO UJIH KaKTO B'b TYPIIlIJl ro aapmars «l\IaHa$lJIW'» asrosapanae, B1J KoeTO Tenues (acna K, C) II Mediae (Thl\IHlI r, 3) qeCTO CC I\I1myBaT'J, U 0 11 Y OCTaBaT'£ 6e3'£ (jl\IerqeHUe, II ce naronapH i' Y 3 JI Y Ii 1J mIll T y 3JI Y K 'J,. Ilo-aararam, K'bllI'b lICTOKh OT'h ctBep~

, HOTO IIOIl,HOJlnre na EaJIKaH'bT'J, )];0 fl,YHaB1Jr'b upn Cmmcrpa ce npocrnpa JIt.CllCTO lI:3/\lIrHaTO 3eMJIll~e C'b MHorofipofiHlI n,TaTO, qlIlITO orpann T'b~ . ex,mo )l;OCTHraT'b 11:0 xopero na ctBep'J, OT'b Bapaa.

Hafi-r.aaBHuTt Ilpip,XOAU C'b npoKapaHlI II&TlIma upt3'L Ba:nmH'hT'J" RaTO ce c~I'lrra OT'b 3. R'bl\l1J iI., Cd'.. CJItIlYIOIUIITt: npOXOrlbT'b CB. HURO<la IIpII Bt.lIorpall,qllK'b 1374 ", cnycK1JT'b OT'b Ilerpoxaar, npn Bepsonuna 1442 ", cnYCK'bT1J on ApaGaRoHaR'h npu Opxanue 988 ~', nptxo;l,'bT'l> upn TpORH'l, 1434 M (ancrp. napra), lllnnsa 1334 ", XalIHRboll OIiOJIO 650~' (cnoper» npo4Jeccop'J, Toy.lIa, He OHHaQeIl'1 ua PYCCR. I~a.pTal\IelK)l,y BlICO'lllHUTt), TB1PI~HIl,a 1097"', ~e~UIpl\alll[ll urn BpaTHlIR'b upn CJIUBeH'b 1069 M, BO)l,Opa3I1tJI1JT'!> npn cnycKoBeTll OT'!> KOTe.['b 624~', OT'J, BbP6uUa 474 ", OT'J, lJa,'!d'..I\anaR'h 402 ", npoXO)l1JT'b AR6oa31J no nd'..TbT'D OT1J Bapna aa Byprac'b 427 ."

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TIapa.JI.JIe.JIHO C'1 Ea.lJIiaH'1T'1 nORpafi TO.II'llllfa !'~.Ha qaCT1 OT'1 neTOBaTa IDjima crpana BhpFII 1\'1.rrronpOTO'll'HaTa C p 'll)~ H H r 0 p a. 1 Hefi· HOTO Haqa.JIO .II'illllII Ml'llIl\Y 1I3Eopm'il na II(,R'hp'1 n Mapnna ua c'ilBepHllfiT'1 CR.JIOH'1 na PII.JIa, a RpafiT'1 B'1 3aBOiiT'1 aa TYH)J,llIa npn .HMOO.II'1. !DllIHaTa xacrs ce paS)J,'il.JIH na )J,'1.JIrn p'1TOne B'1 TpaRlfiicROTO nO.JIt'. Bepnrara ce pacnal\a na TpII sacrn : 1. 3anal\HaTa Cpnnra I'opa ce npocTnpa OT'1 Pn.JIa 1\0 npo.1I0M'1T'1 na TOIIO.JIHHu.a npt3'1 CptJ\HH I'opa. TIo TaH ·qaCTh na II.JIaHHHaTa MHHyBa llIe.JItsnniin nd>.Th sa l~aplITpa)l;'1, ROHTO npn TOBa pascma Ilxrnxaacnara ROT.JIOBlIRa, T'1fi Cd>.~O sopnro na HtRoralliHO el\HO crapo e31'pO (610 "}, 2". Ilearpaanara Cp1l)\HH I'opa ORO.lIO rpal\OBeTt Ilauanopnute II I\onpnTIlnHna, OT'1 Cpt)\HH TOIIO,lIHIII\a 1\0 Cptl\HH Crpnxa, 70 IIII.JIOMeTpa )l;1.1ra II 35 mnpona, npsspacaa, qliCTO o'1.JIrapclIa .rr'ilClIcTa nl'ilcTHOCTI, C'h lIaR - BII· COllnT'll nr.pxone on n'il.JIaTa nepnra : EOrl\aH'1 1572 ", EYHaH, Eparna. Ih TpallllHclIoTO IIO.JIe OT'1 II'1M'1 HeRHOTO IDllIHO lIOI\H(lji\lle Bf,PBII pf'I\'h ny.JlllaJlll'lf'CIIII ROHycn Ii 0 ID H '1- T I' He (On%JI nlol'H.JIa). 3. 11eTOqaara Cp1l)\HH I'opa ('I' napma TJPCIIII 1\ a p a 1\ 1lI a-)l; a r ~h (Cr.pnena H.JIaHlIRa). Hafi-mICOIlHHT'1 BhPX'1 HpII PaXMaHJITIn )~OCTTITa 1\0 1440 ". 11c'roqmiJiT'J, IIpaH I' xaoro HIIC'1R'1.2

l\If'lK)W Cp'ilI\HH I'opa II Ea.IIRaH'1T'1 .1I'BlKaT'h TpII I1JIaHUHCRJ! ROTJIOBlIRII, lJIIIITO C'1eI\IIHeHlI nOl\lI ce C.JHmaT'1 ua IDT'h 1I'r,nl'J, l\1apllna. BCJ!lJRII Cd>. OT'l, Cd>.~Idt TIIII'h: MelK)W cnBIITt CRa.JIIICTIi CI'.!IOHone na BIICOllun Ea.JIIWH'h II 3f'.IIeHlITt .lI'ilCIICTU I10.II'ilraTOCTII na HIICRaTa Cpt)\HH Topa HJIOI\OHOCHa, caxo HaM'ilcTa C'h IItC'hR'1 IIml f'i\pIl lIanlhHII noRpIITa i\O.JIIIHa, C'1 OCTPOBOIIO)l;OOHJI CTapII 6paHH~a (1I0PUII) II m!COIlII lllOrII.JIIL O'f'J, sanars R'hM'h I1CTOR'1 rsxnara BIICOlJIIHa Hanla.JIHna :1I0TJIOnIIHaTa na 3.JIaTIII\a I' ORO.JIO 700''', 1'1,0 H C a II.JIU ROTJIOBlIIIaTa na rOpHH Crpsaa 500;" , Ty JI 0 B C Ron O.II e HJIIi IlasaHJI'1ll1RaTa KOT.IIOnUHa 400". llo-nararam, nlelK):(y cTphnlHIlHIITt na EaJIRaH'hT'h II IICTOlJmIiIT'1 Kpafi na CptJ\HH I'opa JItJKII IWTJIOBIIHaTa na C.II11EeH'h (C.JIIIBf'HCIIO noae 250"') OT']) ed>.~IIfi xapasrepr.. Onte IIO-I1aTaTaR'I, r.rrt)\lla G.lIaTIICTaTa l'iapHofJaTcRa 1I0TJIOBIIH8 Mf>JKAY Ea.JIlIaH'I,'I'h II PIH'1l(1,10lKf'naTa nptJ\'h CTpaIl~ji(a ny.lIl1amrlJf>Clia BepnfaX'b.!IMOHe.

C T P a I1)\ lK a e nporouena .1ltclIcra naannna OT']) HeaJIa'JIlTeJIHa BIlCOlJlllla, OTA'£JleHa on Ea.!IlIaH'LT'h 'lptn C.!ITlT:enCE1l'fa 11 IlapnooaT-

1 Co6CTBeHBO Cp1lIlHH I'opa ; Tall CMerqeHa ~opMa ce qye no·p1lIlKO (B'h IIaHBrJOp:IllI(e). TypCKOTO Opra-aar-s e np1lBOI\'h OT'h 6'hJlrapCKOTo HMe.

2 B'h 1879 npa PYMeJlJ1.l1cKoTo al\lIIHEHCTpaTHBHo I\1lJleEHe KOJOH'h'Tene npnneaoxa aa 6'hJlrapCKH OBqllit'X'hJlM'h, liapal\lKa-l\aI'h-ChpHeHa I'opa, KaTO axeaa H8 AB'll osoaaa.

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. CKa KOT.T[OBHHH; TJI ce H311;Hra npn JIM60JI'b na TYHlI;iKa C'b II;Ba epyiITlIBHH aspxa TOJItMHit H Manit B a K a lI;iK H K'b (500") H OTUBa IIoKpait MOPCKuitT'b 6ptf'b 11;0 Boc.pop'bT'b. Hafi-BIIcoKHitT'.1 B1PX'b Mar II a II; a MeiKlI;Y AraTOnOJIHC'b II BYHap'b- Xaccap's .T[tiKU aa TypCKa 3eMH (1035"'). B'b 6'b,'IrapCKIITt nptll;tJlH Hait-BHcOK~ITt B1pXOBe na CTpaHlI;iKa 1I;0CTHraT'b aa rpananara caxo 11;0 630".

Ha IOf'b 0T'b HCTO'lHHfiT'b Kpafi na Cptll;HJI Top a on pannuuara ce H3)IIlraT'b II;Ba OTJl,t.lIHH sspxa OT'b epYIITIIBHO npoacxoanenae, OTlI;a.T[e'l'b BHII;HMHTt rr.lIaHHHlI na MOHacTIIpb (604"'), K'.1M'.1 KOHTO na csnepoaanam ce rrpUC'bell;I1HHBa Ma.lIKaTa sepnra X'b.II~IOBe T e n e 6 a II p '.1 (418·1<). Ha IOf'b 0T'b TtX'b B'b £T'bJI'bT'b MeJKII;Y YCTlleTo na ~Iapana II TYH)!,ffia ce nanamana Cal\ap'b-rr.lIaHHHa, erna on C3 1\,1M'.1 10M IIII;YIIIa, 12 I\H.T[OMeTpa )!,'b.lIra, ropucra nepnra (824'"), no 'IHeTO 6II.lIO BbPBJI rpananara.

MOIIIHHTi', ~raCCH aa POll; 0 n II T t t Han'b.ITlIHT'b ro!I'l\~IOTO npoCTpaHCTBO MeffillY paammara aa II.lIOBJl,IIB'I" )!,OJIHJI MapllI(a n EreiicmriiT'.1 optr'b. OT'b Pnaa K'bM'b 10M npn JI3BOPUTt na ApJl,a, 'liHITO Jl,O.lIIIHa 06pa3YBa Hali-rO.T[tMlIitn Jl,tJI'b na TaJI ll.lIaHHHCKa crpana, IVIaHllHaTa ee pa3Jl,t.'IH na Jl,Bt nepnra, on I\OHTO eJl,HaTa oGpaayBa ll'b.IJ:rapcKaTa rpanana, II;pyraTa onrpama Mopcl\lllin optf'b. On lIaH-BlIeOKIiTt BI,PXOBe CIOTl\e 2188'" II l'iapJIUK'b 2081'" .1i',ffiaT'b lIIelRJl,Y PU.lIa

. H H3BOPHTt ua A plI;a. Ha HCTOK'b OT'.1 TtX'b ce Il3BIUnaBaT'b 1l0- ropn on CBOIIT'B C'bC'BII;H Il e p c e n n r, (2080'") II" IIepe.T[III\'1 (2194"') B'1 TeppIlTOpUJITa lilt lllyxaMell;ancKIITt Bsarape n.:rn Iloxaujr, KaRTO H n 1{ If.lI '1-'1'e rr e (2001'") na IOilma-fa rpaanna na pYMe.T[uiicKaTa 01\0- JUlll Pymoc». Cnnepnara crpana e crpsana II I1pi')Jl,CTaB.T[JlBlt .BllylllHTe.TIeII'b Jlsr.TIe)!,'1. Ilo- Be'IeTO on CKOTOB'b)V(1I II )(hPBOlI;t.TII(1I OCI\d\.)!,HO uaceaenara narpnnmocr» e uam.mena C'L rOJl'tllllf ropn, 'laCTh C'1 naaTOOOP83HH WIaHlIHCKII IlO.IIHIIII, KonTO o.rrarOrrpUJITCTBYBaT'b na pacnpo~TpaneHOTO CKIITHU'leCKO aaanxamre lilt OB'IapIlTt. (}n MtcTaTa Cd\. 3aGt.rrtlRH're.::IHH B'b o'L.lIrapcKuitT'b, I!aCTI> XPllCTlIllHCKIIiI, I!aCTh MyxaMell,aHCKHii s8rral(,h lIenlIHCl\aTa xoraoanna, AOCnaTCI\UT'R WI8TO II 1\0T.lIOIHIHa, WIaHlIHCKaTa 'MtCTHOCTb P y rr 'lO C '.1, )l.O.!JlmaTa A x 'J, P 'bq e a e G JJ npn lIBBOPUTi, na Apl(a, B'b I!HCTO oClllaHcKufin IICTOI\'1 Kd\.TOBeT'B C y ,1 T a II 'l,-E P 11 JJ It 'b P II; ffi a a 11. On Ti',X'L llIIllffiecTBoTo B.lJa)l.te caxo llemlHO n 'laCTh OT'b cTapnii PYlflIOC'1. Ilo-tiorar-s II 1l0-

1 AHTllqHOTO HMe Ponona ce e aana311.110 B'h crpanara qp1l3'h B.IIHllHlleTO aa .llIITepaTypaTa. B'hJlrapeTlI ro YIloTp1l611BaT'h cnopem- HOBOrphl1KOTO narosapaaae Po /I OIl II, KaTO MHomeCTBeHHO qBC.IIO OT'h meHCKlJll POII'h (POIlOlIIlT'Il). MaKap"h qe

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sa Ctp'b lIJIII RaBaJIa; 3. on II.JIOB)J;HB'b nptn Pyrrqoc'}, 1I Anp'b-

lIMe6n aa .JIarocKHM 3aJIIIB'L liJII! sa fIOIllIOp)l;2KHHa.

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On I101lHOlKneTo aa BaJIKaH'},T'b n HerOBllTt K.JIOHOBe )1;0 )J;YHaS'LT'b 'jk

ce pa3CTHJIa e)l;Ha OTJ, 10-50 KHJIOllleTpa IIIHpOKa mICRa IlltCTHOCTb" '

KORTO K'LIll'b )J;YHaB'},TJ, II xopero ce crrYlQa no-nesero AocTa CTpbIllHO.

B'}, 'IaCTHOCTJlTt TR ce paonaaa aa TpH )J;t.lla:

3anailHaTa qaCTb OT'}, TliIllOK'LJlO ,HHTpa, II3/1lil'HaTa Ha/lb MopeTO 1.50-200 ", B'bH'b OT'}, llIHoroopoiiHIITt HOTOIIII II Mtt.llKlITt pe)l,OBe X'h.IIIllOBe, lIMa 1I0-SeqeTO crenem xapasrepr., 6ea.lItcHa, na MtCTa (KaTO aarrp. I1pIl PaXOBO) IllHOrO HeHaCeJIeHa panmma H'h lIa.lIeqH3 )J,£.rrOOqlIHtt C'l, oseprarmnra na BaJIKaH'bT'l,.

Ha I1CTOI\1, on HHTpa seaara na IlltcTa ce 1l3i\1Ira I~O 300 II.JHI 500 ", ropncra e, HO e 6e3BollHa. OOllIIIPIIII npOM:1nueHIr W[, OYKH II 6YKORl1 IWPHii Illi\.OpaRIl, 06BIITH no J\paHlI\aTH C'l, naBOH II oopac.JIu aa BCli\.iW ('(I, xpacn,e, oopa:ryRaT'b eIlHII'h lIIUPOJ\'[, noacr, Koii.TO, naro ce HJICUYlIla OT'l, Ba.lmaH'[,T'f, .. 1'1ea;IIY PYCqYln. II CIIJIIICTpa 1I0eTllra AO )J;yHaBCnlIllT'[, optl"b. TOHmr JIteeH'h Ilptll'f..:r'h llIeilillY IHYMNI'J, II CU.JIJICTpa ce napnsa )J; e .11 n - 0 p n a H 'J, Type. JIYI~a, /luBa ropa, IIbpBOOnTeH'b JItC'h.I Toll no- Beqeoro e 3aCeJIeH'l, OT'h TYPIUL n na ncrom. orb PycqYnCKlIflT'h .JIOlll'I, HtllIa IIPyrlI pimn, HO Ca}1O l'.JIllHeCTlI na;VIHII C'L I1epnOIlII'H:'CIUI .1I0nRl{ n nOTOIIU BOlla.

Hcrmrrara .II'BCHa rpannna oopaayBa W\Ha J!3mrra .llHHlUI OTr. CH.1l11CTpa IV) 1ll0penIlHT'J. 6ptf'h IIplI YCTlreTO na ptqlIl(il 1111Tona. Orb Tam, na HeTOIn, ce paaCTIIJIa )J; 0 6 P Y )~ iK a, neTlIIIePi3 n'I.~J1, 1lI0peTO HaBe/leHa (200-7 0 ~') CTeIIh oe:i'!, ropa 11 O'hPIW, n, ~IHOr() ]lIOl'lIJill II crprorun op'J,['oBe. I'iaTo IOIliHa rpanaua na )J;OOPYI\iI.il HapO)['hT'b cnIf,Ta reppaorrrt, npu p'BPiaTa Barona, U3Bopll'ti, ua )J;eBHa II X"h.InI'I,'f'J, HCli\.-Teue na Ct,Bt>cp'I, OT'l, IIpoRallIIH.

Tpl1nllficmtTa pannnua ce pacnara IIa IIBt ']11(''1'11, !iOUTO ce paa-

1 B'b 16 BllK'b K'bM'b ,u;e.llIl-OpMaH'b ce npaxacaaaaaa C£Il10 H rpaaoucr-s lllYMeH'b, Ilpscaam., Paarpam, H PYC'IYK'b. TOBa HMe ce nOBTapH KaTO T e .II eo p ~I a H 'b sa PYM'bSCKHllT'b 6pllr'b sa ,u;YHaB'bT'b H MOllie 6H I\a e OT'b KYMaHCKO npoucxoarneaae. Cpaana MOIIT1> Bemerkungen in den Sitzungsber. der kg]. bohm, Ges. d Wiss. 1889 C. 11.

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p;t.lIHT'1 OT'I> HaWbJlHHlOlUaTa MelKIU'"JleK'I>T'I> MelKllY POIlOnIITt II CTpaHp;lKa CaRap'I>-IIJlaHIIHa C'I> KJlIIcypaTa na MapIU(a npn XapMaIlJIIIII.

fOpHe-TpaKIIHCI\aTa pasnana OKOJlO I'arapr.- IIa3aplIlKIIK'I> II OCaMOTeRIIT'll ClIeHHTHII fIJIOBIIIIBCKH X'I>JlMOBe OOpa3YBaT'I> eAHH'I> TpII&r'I>.IHlIK'b, aa QIlaTO OCHOBa CJlYlKH ctBepiIoTO 1I0ilHOlKIIe na POIIOIIIITt on T'BCHlIiiT'I> npexom ~IollulHa KJIllCypa, rlltTo ~IaplIII,a ClI upofiaaa U&Tb nptn lIJlaHJIHlI'rt, BI\JlIO'lHTeJlHO )1,0 rpaJJ;eII,'I>T'b XaJJ;lKII-EJlec'I>, a B1PX'I>T'b My Ilaila B'I, IIpOJIOM'I>T'b na CTptMa npsas CptllHa I'opa. MopCRaTa BIICO'UlTa cnrra npa IIaaapIIlKUR'I> 205 ", B'b OIWJlHOCTbTa na IIJlOBJJ;uB'1 150-170 ", B'b HaH-HllCKJ{Tt MtcTa up» yCTIIeTo "aa CTptMa 135 ". Onaeana Cl, Jl03H, paBHHHaTa e HeOOHKHOBeHHOIlJlO)lOHOCHa, C'J, paCROlliHII HlIEH }[ OPH30BlI IIOJIH, a MHoro OT'I> Heoopa.oo-

TeHHTt H nr'l;CTa c£. nOKpUTII C'I> xpacrse na.TUlYPYC'1. Ha lICTOK'I> OT-, Ball'b JJ;OCTIU'ltIOllVITt 110 'Inpu aH'L p'srnae (400-600) na ItapalllKap;ar'!, :lta\U :i It r 0 p C K 0 T 0 II O.II e, KoeTO K'bM'1 Cptl\HH fop a 1I0CTerreHHO ce 1I3/wra, C'I,lUOpCI\a BIIC()1UIHa on 150-215 "; K'I>M'b Hero ce nplIC'beiVllUlBltn CJltilYIOlUIIT1> e/IHO 1\0 IIPYI'O ihlOOJlCKO (160 ") II CJIHBeHCKo noaa.

I'aa ooumpna HlICRa llrBCTHOCTL ouie II AHeCb HOCH 3aotJltlKIITeJIHO IICTOpn'leCI\O liMe. IIJIaHIIHl\lITt on l1xTuMaH'I> n BaRapeJI1, B'I> Cptll:HH I'opa, l\'bM'I> ThPHOBO, Tpsnna II EJIeHa, EaKTO II K'bM'I> KOTeJI'I>, aapasar» TpaRIIHclwTO uoae Po M a H b H, HerOBIIHT'b lKnTen Po M a-

:!, He II, 'I> , lKeHaTa aa lIOCJItIlHIIHT'I> Po III a H K a. B'I> TptBHa pa3JIII'laBaT'I>

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! pII'laJIO IiCTO'lHO-PlIlllCKOTO I1,apCTBO Y rhpl\IiTt, ApaollTt, CJIaBHHeTt II

IiTaJIlIHHII,IITt 110 HerOBOTO nalleHue. OCTaBeHo aa TpaKIIH IIllIeTO POlllaHUH ce CptlUa nese Il'I> Himon cTapOO'bJIrapCRII II1ICllIeHa Ii II£TeIlleCTBIlH OT'b 16-TO CTOJrtTlIe; T'I>H czmo II TypCKOTO P Y M U Jr II (PYMeJIIIH) e npOH3JIt3JIO on ram..

~OJIHe-TpaKlIHcKaTa paBHIiH1l, l\IHOrO lIJIOIJ;OHOCHa, no HaCTOJIll\ellI'I> p;OCTa IIYCTUHHa 3eMH, npOII1CTpeHa C'I> anoro aepnnr HIICKII X'1JIMOBe II RUI'b lUapul\a caxo 40~' 11 IIO-MaJIKO BUCOKa, ce IIpOCTupa B'I> OTTOllIaHCFlaT1l OOJlaCTh OJJ;PUH'I>; OT'I> CBOHTt rpaHIIl(II B'I>JIfapeT'B Moran

callIO . JJ;a r,irel(1ln HIl nen.

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El\lIHcTBeHllaTa IIJlaBaTe,IIHa psna, B'b KOHTO B'1JIrapeTt UMaT'I> Y'laCTne, e ~ Y H a B 'I> , na nporeaeaae OT'I> YCTIIeTo aa TUMOK'b 110 CHJlllCTpa. Ocranamrt, ptr\U, KaTO II£.TUll\a sa C'I>OOll\eHUe, B'I> ceraumoro

10

Cll C'LCTOllHHe Cd\. 6e3'b BctRaKBO aaaseaae. Tt TeRaT'b uo-nesero MelK)J;Y BlleoRJI 6ptroBe, 3aTOBa 1I HaBO)J;HeHJIJI CTaBaT'b pt)J,KO. B'b nOTOUR H 6'bp3elI He)l,OCraT'bR'b HtMa, HO Cd\.lIlllHCRJI BO)l,Ona)J;JI )J;OPJI B'b CaMHiiT'b BallKaH'b ce cptIUaT'1> B'I> MlIHllanopHll q,OPMJI; l1CTlIHCRH nopon C'b rpaxaaro KOJIJI'IeCTBO TJIaK'b (JIJI'b) ce BHlK)J;aT'b no eK.JIOHOBeT'B ua BCII'IKII ll.lIaHIIHII. 1

B'b 6acceiiH'bT'b na )J,YHaB'bT'b KHJI1KeCTBOTO lIMa e)J;Ha Ma.llIta '1aCTh OT'b oO.lJaeTI>Ta ua M.opaBa, noneae B'b Hero ce HallmpaT'b IISBOPHTt na H H III a B a. HMeTO HHIIIaBa ce noseaa OT'b CJIIIBaHJreTO na E 1K eB II U a 1I3'b ~paroMaHcKl'IiiT'1 rrpoxo)l,'b II ua r 0 )J; e'l RaP '1\ R a , ROliTO 6epe Ha'la.IJO OJIIISY )1,0 l'HHI\lI, Ha)l,'1> nOrpaHII'lHHitT'b rpa)l,eI~'b II,apnOpo)l,'I>. Ha HeTOR'b OT'b nea na IOlKHlIftT'b eR.IJOH'b ua EaJIRaH'LT'b .lJtlRaT'b 113- BOPlITt na B n eo '1 H nn a, IwaTO 110)1,'1 llnport, ce Bml:Ba B'b HIIIIIaBa. HefiHaTa l(o.1JIIHa, ~ltCTHOCThTa B H eo R '1, ce pa3)1,BJIli OT'b rpanauara; ropmlii-BII(,OK'b npuHa)J,.IJ'BlKH aa b'LJIrapeTt, )J,o.IJHl'Iii-Buc,OR'1 na Chp6llTt. CoocTBeHHaTa H3BopHa p1nm na Hamana lIMa nO-l'o.IJBMO pa3BIITHe OT'b nOHMeHORaHHUTB, HO HBMa OT)J;'B.1IHO liMe; B'b Tp'LHCKaTa ROT,'IOBJIHa ra ce na plI'la r 0 Jl t 111 a . P t K a , a nplI )J,HBIITB oe3)J,HII ua IICTO'lHaTa erpana na Pyii B'b KOTJIOBHHaTa ua Ilaporn C Y K OB c s a P t K a. 2

OT'b nptKIITB npUTOU-H na )l,YHaB'hT'b I(O,'IHHti T HMO K '1; TBI'P)l;t RpUBo.JIJ1'lHa, sanpnana ptKa, e'bCTaBJI 'IaCTT; OT'L rpanauara K'bM'D ChpOHJI. He oe3'1 3Ha'leHIIe e B.uIBaIOIUHH ce rrpn .ITOM'D- IIa.llaHRa aana)~HIIfi M.m ropHuli. .IT 0 M 'D. Hararam. Mt)J,BaT'1> II, n: O'b p 'b II 0 roc T 'I>; C K 'b T 'I. U3BIIpa He OT'b CaMI1li.T'b Ea.'IRaH'b, KaKTO nOCJIB)J;HIITt TpI1, HO OT'b Bpa'laHCKIITt 6'bp)(a, Ilo-rnraaa ptKa e 11 C K 'b P '1, KOitTO n3BHpa .OT'b Puaa-ruamma, uporasa CaMOROBCKaTa II Coq,IIHCKaTa ROT.IJOmmU II nOI(IIpT> npo.IJOM'I.T'b npB3'b BaJIKaH'bT'b upnexa B'b ce6e cn Ilaner-s, Koiho npOII:3.1II13a OT'b e)\IIH'b 'IY)J,eH'1 n3BOp'1. E.'III3Y e)J;IIH'1 )\0 il:pyr'li ce BJIUBaT'b B:H T '1 Jl 0 C 'b 111 'h. a OT'}' MHoro6poitHUTt JI3BQPHII ptI\H B'b TI1PHOB('I\IIiiT'I. EaJII\aH'I. ee e'1CTaBH JI H T P a, napmana B'b ropHeTO resenae Enp'b, 4 ~'b CROftT'b rO.lItlll'1 .rBB'I. IIpwrOK'}, P y c l[ I~ a.

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I Ilaaeaaero na 6'bJlrapcKHTll. p1>KH cnopem, PYCCRHT1> 113M1>peRI1II B'h MeTpoBe per 1 RM.: }l;YHaB'b 0'044 (BIIlP;HH'b 34 M, TYTpaKaH'h 15 M. xopcsa BHCOql!H8), .iIOM'b 2'909, IlcK'bp'h 4'258 (CaMOROB'b.Cotlll1H na 48 KM. 8'521, CotlJlfH·Bpa~a 11a 69 ror. 4'652), BHT'b 1'791, OC'bM'b 3'006, .llHTpa 1'495, Mapaua 1'536 (ropaero reseune BaHH-TaTap'b-IJa3apP;lKIlK'h sa 53 11M. II'bJllKIlHa 7'924). Literaturbericht in Pet errnanns Mitth. 1889 C. 166.

2 RMeTO E P M a na nO-HoBHT1> RHl!fH H KapTH e OT'b CKOPOllIHO C'bBCllM'b aa61lJl1>mIlWJlHO npOHcxomp;eHHe, BIIllR)\h H8111IlT1> n&TYBaHHH.

3 HMeTO aa PHMCKHllT'b Asemus aByqH na 6'bJllapCKIIl OC'bM'b (Mx"mCKlIll pom.) i ljJopMaTa OCilla e TypCKa .

.) Harpa cTpyna ce I\a e no sese TypClIaTa ljJopMa aa liIMeTO sa CTapIIHT'b J"trns. EIlHCKon'b BOf)laH'b napaaa B'b 1640 :n1>JlaTa p1>Ka ETa P 'b (Acta Bnlg. ecc. 78), MIIlTpOnOJlIllT'b'MeJleTIIlH (t 1714) H'b csoero HOBo-rphl~KO senaeonecaaae (Be-

neuaa 1728 c. 415 a) 'IstE2'

Ha~'1 crapara PYC'lYRCRa RptnocT1 ce BJU1Ba lICTO'IHIIH IIJIJI )J;o.1lHlIM J!OM'1, 'llIlITO 1I3BOPlI .lItJKaT'1 cpt~'1 ,'ItclIcTaTa X'f"IIMIICTa 3eMJI sa ("tBep'1 OT'b Ea.IlI\aH'1T'b.

Br, lJepHo Mopece B.llliEa pt'lIII~aTa EaT 0 B a C'I, CBOIiTa ro-

. pHCTa ~eJlTa. TaTaR'1 na lOf'1 npa Bapua c.lIt)lBa YCTlreTO na II po B a)J. II H C RaT apt R a ; HeHm1Tt Jl3BOPli .lItlKaT'1 cpt/l,'1 O'1p)J.aTa na ct. Bep'1 OT'1 llly1\leH'1, 06R'le ca1\10 c.lIt/l,'1 B.!JlIBRmmTO B'h Hea ua pssara )J; e B H a, IWHTO ee 06paayBa OT'1 Y)J.uBHTe.IIHO ClIJlIur IICTO'lHJn~II, TH ~OOliBa nO-fo.lIimo IW.IIH'leCTBO BOila U oopa3YBR npn Bapna )l;Rt, c.11aIJ;KOBOIJ;HlI eaepa, 3R rona B'1 Bapna 'I'll ce HapII'lR C'f) n~reTO HR lIOCJlt)l;nara A e B H e H C K aPt K a. HaH-ro.lItMlIiiT'1 rrptK'1 npIITOK'h na xopern eRa M 'l Ii II (TYPC. lialll'IIlK'1); He.iiHaTa ctBepHa 1I3BopHa psna (AKd\.Jld\.RaM'lIIK'1, «YMHlIii Ka1\I'IIlK'h» Y TYPIIIITt) no O'1.lIrapCKlI ce napasa 11 cera, KaKTO R'f, Cpil\lJ;HlITt BimORe, T 1I 'l a (npIlTOK'1 B p a H a). IOJKHaTa Jly/l,a-liaM'lllJI y Br.rrapert, mm Ae.lIll-Pia~l'lJlK'1 y TYPIIUTt HOCll TOBa liMe Re'le nompr, C.IlIIRanueTO na Himo.IIKO nOTOl~lI npn rpal~eII1,T'1 I'pa)l,eI~11. IIOTOIIIIT't, KOlITO xpanarr, EyprRcCKIITt .IIRrYHlI, Cd\. He3Ha'lIITe.JIHIl.

fO.lItlll'1 e /l,B.Il'1T'f, na EreiicRaTa OOJlaCTh. H3BOPlITt na CTPYMa JltlKaT'fl R'1 .aattamara crpaua na BIITOJIIa; npn B.mBaHlIe na nnoro- 6poiiHlI IIPlITOl~II, ocotienuo ua E p t 3 n II JII K aPt R a 0T'b ;\ltCTHOCThTa fpaXOBO, na Ilcn,epCRRTR (ropt 'lp e n a e n o x a] P's x a II na ~ par 0 B II J~ II I~ a on l\It,('THOCThTa I'ipanme, na COR 0.1l 11\ II I~ a, E a Hm U II a II E.II e III H II 1\ a 0'1''1 OCOrOR'1, KRKTO II na A lK e p 1\1 e H '1 II p. P II .Il a OT'1 Pn.IICKaTa H.11aHlIHa, TR MIIHYBa no PaJ(OMJIpCRaTa JI RrocTeH)J,H.IICKaTa KOT.IIORIIHlI, KaKTO II no )l.B'B Re.IIII'leCTBeHHH )I.'1.T[l'JI KJIUCypR R ocrana B'1.lIrapCKaTa rpanana rrpn Iio'1epnHoBo.

1)1 a p 1I n R 113B1rpa B'1 Pn.JIa-IWaHIIHa o.'JJI3Y ~o l\lyca.T[.lIa II KaTO Il'1JIHonOJ(Ha CIIOKOHHR ptRa no~'1 XeOUOqeBO IIptMIIHana TYPcKaTa rpaHIIUIl. On ctllepHIITt nplITOIUI To II 0 .II II II u a II e T p t 1\[ a lI)l;aT'b OT'1 )J.O.lIIIHIITt 1IleiK)l.Y Ea.lIKRH'hT'1 11 Cpi;)J.HJI fop a C'1 lIpO.T[OM'1 IIpt3'1 noC.IIBI(HHTa. t BOIJ;JIT'h na Baropcxo noae conpa ucresaiomara OTh Cpt/l,HlI fopa Caa.IIIIfiKa (npIITOK'1 CYlOT.nIHKa). 3Ha'lJlTe.lIHa psna e TYHJI,lKa, KOliTO nannpa 01'1) ('i;;WHoneTt, na nafi- I11ICOKIlTt Ea.IIKaHCKII nspxcne, OMlma l'[tCTHOCTJITt IiaBRHJrhK'fl, C.1JJIHeH'f, n HMoo.:n J[ B'1 e/l,Ha rscnana MeJEJ\Y p'hTOBeT'EHa CaKap'f,-I1.lIaHIIHa II CTpaHi1:JliU OCTaRR O'1.1ll'apCKaTa aeMJI aa I\a ce C'hI'JI,IIHU CROPO C'1 l\laplIua IIP'!,)\'1 ihII,,)]ImaTa na O)J,PlIH'1. Haii- nalKlUIT'B lIPIlTOIIlI na MapIIl(a OT'1 101"h Cd\. TpII CIIJIHII 1l.T[UlIllHCKR p1JKu, nonro Opa3iJ,RT'1 eTpamITt na Pcnona C'b T'ECnn o'hp3eII, KII.II II 1\ e P e

1 Hxero I'aonca TYR'b-TaM'll ce naaa 1I na CTp1lMa, HO npIlHa!1:.113am cooCTBeHlIO ua HeHHaTa 1I3BOpHa ROT.JOBHlla.

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OT'}, qemlHo, ll'I>JIHOBO~HaTa B 'I> 'l a OT.b BHCOKHTB ~OJIHIUI MelK~Y Itap.lIHK'.b II Ilepceaxs (ropnero resenae aapeseno R p H B aPt K a), KOHTO ce BJIIIBa C'I> ~Ba pznana, OT'I> TtX'.b HCTOIlHUftT'I>, 1l0-MHorOBOI,en.b II no-O'.bp3'.b, OOIlKHOBenno ce aapuva It p Ii 'l II M C K aPt K a, 11 na!i-IIOCJIt qerreJlapCKaTa p nn a on PYIIlIOCb, IIO-I\£..co e Te'leIIIIeTO aa fhyj.\e P e upn XaCKOBO. 1l0~I1PJ) OTCT£..IIBanUeTO ua ~IBCTIlOCThTa Ihp~lKaJIH A p ~ a, ro.JltMa, I1'.bJIIIOBO~Ha p'IJKa, oGpaaYBil rpauuuara C1l.110 na ntKO.IIKO saca Il£..Th B'.b lOilmaT1l. xacrs na XapMan.Jlu!icKaTa OKOJIHH.

IIO-rOJItMl1 eaepa HtMa. OCBBH'.b OJIaTIICTllTB )J;YII1l.BCKU esepa Ih.IIrapna lI~Ia HBKOJIKO npnop'lllKHII JIarYHIl B'.b )J;OoPYI\lKa npn Illaoaa, noaararam, CJla~IWBO~HOTO )J; e Bile II C K 0 e 3 e pO npn Bapna, COJIenaTa aaryaa npn AnXHaJIO II TPHTt Eypl'aCCI\II JlarYHlI. OKOJIO 70 M1l.JIKII BnCOKH esepa JIBlKaT'b na Kyn'lHnU B'b cnnKHTB na Puaa- IIJIaHlIHa ; TaKHBa He JlIIHCllaT'I> H na IIepHII'.b, naupornm, Poaona lIpUTeiKaBa caxo e~lIo MaJIKO esepo B'.b )J;ocnaTCKaTa KOUOIHma. B'h EaJmallcKJ.Ta nepara esepa HnIa P'B)WO. HaH-rOJlBMOTO e It a}! G a III '.b B'.b npB),BJ!1.n na ItaM'luH. Pyccnara sapra 0003Ha'laBa ei!;no MaJIKO Ge311llleHIIO OIWJIO B.bPX'.bT'.b OCTpa-l\IorIlJIa aa ctBep'.b 0T'.b Rap.lloBo II ~pyro e~no no lIMe Cap s: r t o JI '.b (TyPC. lK hJITO eaepo) na 101".b 0T'l) TpO}!H'I>. Sa csureCTBYBaHHeTO na seraspro e),HO esepo B'.b TeTeBencKul1T'.b BaJIKaH'.b an ce nay'llIx'.b B'I> lIIIPi!;OII'I>; TO me e I'i a p a r s 0 JI 'h (ryp«, sepao eaepo) na ctBep'h on PaXMaHJIlIH, CIlOpe)\1) e;J,Ha TypCKa napra. I Ei\nO MaJIKO Kp£..rJIO eaepo ce nanapa npa P a 0 II III 'I> BCpt~'I> BII~IIHCKaTa X'.bJIIlIHCTa MtCTHOCn..

BJIaTa HDIa P'B~RO: 1I0Rparr )J;YHaB'I>T'.b (ocooeaao IIpU BU;J,IIH'.b), no IIpoBa~Hl1cI\aTa pBKa, IIO )l,O.IIH}! Ralll'lIIlI U cp'B~nll TYH~lKa, no HaliJJ:£..JIOOKlITB ~ltcTa aa KOTJIOBUHllT'B Co.pnliClla, Pa~OlllllpCKa II I'iapnooaTCKa, KaKTO II no neIIMymI1Tt CTOK'.b DI'BCTa IIplI IIOJIHTB aa nJlaHUHIITB. nO-rOJI'B~m ThpCUma c£.. E3np.III1HCIW EJIaTO II rrpOTO'leHOTO Kpaft IOlKnuT'B IIOJIII na BaJIKaH'I>T'.b na IICTOK'I> OT'}, CJlImen'.b C l' P a JI i' lK an C K 0 E .II a r 0, IIocd, E a r a ill I\ 0 ToE JI a r 0 B'.b PO;J,OHlITB DIe/KIW IIeIIIIHo H BaTaK'I>.

5. KIIMMaTbTb.

IiJHDIIlT'hT'I) na BaJlKanCRUliT1J IIOJIYOCTpOIn IIpU I1J1anllnCKUliT'I> xapatrreps na nOCJIt~HnHT'.b e HecpaBHeHHO IIO-CypOB'I> OT'I> oaa na AneHHHHcKuHn n lluplfHeHcKuHn IIO.l!YOCTPOBII. Bese PII~I.lnlHeTB errOllleHY-

. 1 Karte des Sandjak F'ilibe, aufgenomm~n nach Anordnung des Prrvin-

zialgouverneurs Mehemmed-Nusret-Pascha Herausg. von H. Kiepert. Berlin 1876.

IW:IlMaT'bT'h.

Ban aa crporara H paHHH 3HMa aa XeMYC'h H B'Il npOEHHIVIHT'B Moesia H Dacia mediterranea.. I

ItJ1HMaT'hT'h ua E'h,l][apIlH ce pacrra)l;a rra OOJ1aCTII, KORTO nosra Clh TOlli)l;eCT13eHHlI C'h pacTRTe.IJHIITt IIOHCII: I1oHTlrlicmIiiT'h optr'h, HIICKHTt MtcTa no )J,YHaB'hT'h, TpaKIllicKoTO noae II n.llaHlIHHTt, ocotieano sanamara n.lIaHRHCKa 3eMH. HaY'IHOTO 1I3Y'leHIIe na KJIHMaTH'IeCKJ!Tt C'hOTHomeHHH ce naunpa E'h Hali-paHHe )l;'BrCTEO. I1IlPBHTt crxmor cz, nanpasena on aBcTpnHcKII II q,paHIl,Y3cKII KOHCy.IlCKH 'IIiHOBHIIIl,II, ocorienno OT'I> HeYMopmmliT'h ABcTpnHcKIlli IioHcYJI'h J1YTepoTTII, Tnpo.lleIl,'h OT'h Ponepej», KoliTo OIIl,e OT'll TypCKO BptMe e olI.n WI> COq,IIIl, aa xereopOJIOrn'leCKOTO Ilenrparno y'Ipeil'i)l;eHne R'I, Bnena. 2 C'bCTaBlITMhT'h na TaR liHHra, xaro o'urapCKIIH 1\'IIiHUCTP'h na Ilpooasmeaaero 1881, ce paCJJOpe)l;1I !la HaOaBHT'h UHCTpY~leHTil 3a rreThT1, npoernrpaua CTaHIl,HII npa JI1pil'iamUITt yqu.llHIIl,a Bapaeuono, Taoponono, .JIo~IIla'1aHclio, Coq,lIlicso n 1'i,IOcTeH)l;Il.lICRO, HO Rpt~IeHaTa He otxa o.lIarOrrpHHTHIl sa TaRHBa npt)l;Ha'illHaHlIH. CaMO IIpH Coq,nHCKaTa l'IDlHa3uH c,v, npnmpnern pe)J;OBIIH HaO.llIOl\eHlIH OT'h Y'lHTe.1h 1\'1. E'h'lenapon'h.1 Y'IHTe.rrhn C. Ba-:

Il,on'], )l;a!le 1888 n'l> CmICaIUI.fITa na COIPUHCliOTO .JIuTepaTYPHo )J,pyiKeCTBO emo IIOIWOOHO p,v,RonbT\CTnO sa nereopnrormecsn Hao.IJIOlleHlIll. Ilo-yensunnr HeiEemI npn Y'IlJ.IlIJlIaTaOU On.IH Tt3H Hao.IlIO)l;eHlIll no OOJIHUIVITt, fll'B'fO Htnra HllRaliBII YCTaHoBeHlI 'Iacone II uanamura.

Hali-r.mnHIIT'B CBOHCTBa na R.lIHMaT'llT'f, cz : nparno, ropmno II Ot)J;HO C'I> JI'hiK)l;OBe ,TBTO, nparxa, cyxa anxa, II'hil'i/lOnIUr npo.:ItTh II eceas, npn rona pt3lill IIp'BxO)l;II II rOJI'ha paannra llIeiK)l;y nan-nacosara .:rBTHlf T0I1.111lHa II HaH-CII.lIJIlIHT'h HIIllleH'1l CTY)l;'I" R'Il COIPJlH OT'h + 30° Il. iW - 19u I~. Pe/lOBHO e nli czmo «OaOIIHO .!ltTO» lI.lIII capoxaumoro ,1'B'ro npt3'1 HoeMBpnH, liaKTO n li'1CeH'h cntr'h no nJIaHlIHCKnT'B ~ItcTa np'B3'1 A npn.nIit II Wb Ha'la.IJO na Matt

8a li;m~taT'bT'1> na PYMe.uIlf HtMa~re HlmaliBJI l\aHHJI, JItTOTO TaM'h e TO.TIRona TOllJIO, 11l0TO )l;aiEe lIa~rYR'bT'h )(OOP'B ycrrsna, annara e nparsa, no 1101\'h Jl.!I1IHHlIeTO aa PO)I0111ITt II na Ea.'1liaH'I>T'h qeCTO OJlBa ocrpa • .lIHTepecHo on OU.10 e)IHO epaBHeHue MeiK)l;Y I\,!m~IaT'bT'b na Kpali)l;YHaB-

1 Praematura montis Haemi et saeva hiems. Taciti Annales IY, 51. IlpoBIlHlIllllT'll Meaaa H )l;aKIlH C'b rpal\'bT'b Naissus, "frigora magna habentes-, B'b ellHO onacaaae na IiMlleplIHTa OT'b cpsaara aa 4-TO CTOJI'llTHe. (Georgr graeci minores ed. C. MUller II., § 07.)

2 OT'b neroaarn HaOJIIOl\eHIIH 1880-1882 ce e B'bCllOJIsYBaJI'b )l;llpeKTOp'b Ii. XaHH'b, Ueber die klimatischen Verh von Bosnien. Sitzungber d. Wiener Akad. 1883, Ed. 88.

s B'b'IellapOB'b. OT'IeT'b BhPXY KJI1IMaT'bT'b aa CoqnllI B'b COOPHIlK'bT'b na MIlH. H& Hap. Ilpocanurenae I., 1889, c. 291 11 CJl'llI\. (IhpB1IHT'b OIlIlT'b H& 3J1aTapcKIlii. aa 7 :II'Ilcellll 1881-2 B'b Ilepaoa. CUHcaHHe, KHlllKKa 1.).

13

14

CRaTa 3eMH H OHH na Baaumo ; rO)J;IIIIIHaTa rexneparypa na PYCl[Yll'I> C'I>CTaBH 12'2° 11,., oaaa na BYRypem;1> 10'6° 11,. ~YHaB1>n nt,Tn He saMp1>3Ba Bc1ma 3HMa. 3a rO)J;HIIIHaTa rexneparvpa na CO.pHll IIllIanle )l;Bt )l;aHHH, II )l;B:BT:B OCHOBaHlI caao na )J;BtrO)J;HIIIHH HaOJlIO)J;eHlIH: .JIyTePOTTH (1880-2) 9'4011,., B1>l[eBapOB1> (1887-9) 9'7 Il. (Ilaparparr, 1402, IIpH3peH1> 11'8), a IIMeHHO: rrpOJItTb 12'2, JI:BTO 21, ecens 7'8, 3HBIa -2'4.

B1> CO.pHH rocIIO)J;CTBYBaT':b CtBep03arra)l;Huil. II IOrOHCrOl[HIII1 Btrpone, lUtcTeH1> Btnp1> e rrpOXJIa)J;HIIHn Bel[epHIIWb, ROMTO IIPt;n OObPHaTllTt 1\'I,JU1> ctBep':b PO)J;orrcRH )J;OJIlIHII peroaao )J;yxa Jltrt on uaaaanara B1> ropsuioro TpalmHcRo IIOJle (npJ! CTaHmIaRa). Ilpa BypraccRIIHn 3a.rrHB1> l[yX1> aa HtRaR1>B':b en ropsurs JI'B'reH1> ntT':bp'b CaMlf,TIlf, IioiiTO no HtROll rO)J;lIHlI Bte on BJl.TptillHocThTa na crpanara (IO:~?) u noBpt1K)J;a ctlI)J;OlIrt, cn:pt% H:Bm;O RaTO CUpOKRO. l

KOJIlfl[eCTBOTo na oca)J;'bIl,UTt (Ilapurpari, 720) ce c~rJrra B'£ PYCl[YK':b C'b 685~''', B':b CO.pUH CIIope)J;1> .JIYTepoTTII (1881) 731M .. , cnoper» B':bl[eBapOB':b (1888) 526""': rrpOJltTh 187 (Malt 89) JItTO 91 (ABrycT'b 15), ecens 138, 3IIMa 70-85. CHtil>HU i~HU (1888) 26, )l,'1l1K)J;OBHII )J;HlI 72. Brarara na B'Jl3)J;YX'1lT'b mpBlfHT'L )~aBa C':b 79, IlOCJlt)J;HJIHn C'1l 70 IIpOIl,.: rrpOJItn 65, JItTO 56 (AnrycTh 52), eceas 77, 3IIMa 83 (HoenlBpuft 85'5). CIIOpe)l;'1l BMenapoBa 6ypii B'b CO.pIIH IDIaJIO IIptn rrpOJItThTa 11, IIpt3'.b JItTOTO 17, nptn eceasra 3. OOJIal[Hn )l;HII CJl.IqO rasa: 48, lIlaKCIIMYM'b B'1l llleBpyapIIH 66, B1> ORTOMBpllii 61, MIIHIImyM'1l B'1l IOJIIIli 23, B'1l ABryCT':b 19. Cpt)J;HeTO IIOJI01Kemle aa oapOMeTp'1ln CIIOpe)l;1> .JIyreporTII 715'1 ..... , CIIOpe)J;'1l B'1ll[eBapOB'1l 712- 9. r J\.CTII M'1lrJUI occeenao ecem, CJI. 1I3ntcTHa CII'LHRa sa rrapaXO)l;CTBOTO no ~YHaB'1lT'.b II IIO lJ:epHo mope. OOIfJIHaTa yrpeHHa poca e )l,oopt noanara orne OT'b no-crapars PYCCRU IlOXO)J,H.

B'b OOm;HOCT.h IiJIImaT':bT'b e 3)J,paB'b. IIpH nee TOBa lIma II narapUH, no ~YHaB1>T1> ocotieaao B'b BII)J,IIH'1l, no lUaplIna B'1l IIJloB)I;HBcRaTa M:BCTHOCn, aa lJ:epHo xope npa Byprac», iWplI B':b caxara CO.pIIH on B.TIIIHHIIeTO Ha OJIaTUCTIIT:B rrycToIIIIf npu OJIII1KHIIfi HClnp':b.

J

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I'

6. reOJlOrl1"lecKHH ollepKb.

01''1. npoifl. A-P'L 1l P a H 11 'L Toy JI a B'b Baeaa.

}..I;YHaBClla B'J,.rrrapUR If J1cTOl[Ha PYMeJIIfJI B'b .0porpa.po-reOJIOrnsecso OTHOmeHI1e xorars )~a ce pa3i~tJIRT'h IIpn6mf3IfTeJIHO rra CJI'B)J,YIOm;Iffi Hal[IIH'h:

.. ,

1 I'spuar-s noapaa Bypraccaaa 3aJUIB'L ynoTp'lleiHBaT'b aa B'IITpoBeT'll Ul'aJlHHHCKH 1I1IIeHa: noaeaae Y1'peHHHK'L OT'b CYlIIaTB, eapaaocr, BeqepHHK'b OT'b MopeTO, OOHaTl.\a aaT1IlIIbeTO no nJIal\H'II 11 no nOJIYH0Il.\h (IITaJI. ponente, scirocco, bonazza).

.I'eozorasecsaa O'lepK'b.

15

1. CtBepHa ra npt)1;oURaHCRa 3eMH, C'hCTOH~a OT'b nO'ITH XOPH30HTaJIHO paCIIOJlOiKeHH M.Jia)1;O Me3030H'IeCKH (IOpa H Kpe)1;a) saMeHHH naaoroae, IIOCJlt IIOKpHTa C']) TepU;HapHH oopa30BaHIIH H )];HJIYBHHJlHH rJIHHeHH HaHOClI, a K'])M,]) ~YHaB,])T,]), KaTO ce cnnna B,]) BII)];,]) ua reppacca, oopa3YBa H3paBHeHa TpaIIe30BH)];Ha MaCCilB1:Ia 3eMH.

2. Hao'])p'leHaTa BaJIKaHCKa CHCTeMa u;tJIa c']) HCKJIIO'IeHHe ua e)];Ha lUaJIKa aanama '1aCTh OT']) raa IIJIaHHHa IIa)];a B,]) HamHfiT1l IIpt)];tJI,]). 3. PaCiIOJIOiKeHaTa na IOr']) on BaJIKaH'])n G p t)]; H 1I r 0 pac']) Kapa)];1Ka - )];ar']) na 3arra)];']) H

4. EpyrrTIIBHHTt IIJIaHHHII, JIMOOJICKa, AfiTocKa, BypraccKa na HCTOR,]).

5. lJacTH OT,]) rOJItMIIHT,]) craps KpHCTaJIJIHHeH,]) MaKe)];OHCKHH D1aTepHK,]) (PO)]; 0 II C xa IIJI a HIIH a) c']) HerOBIITt IIO-MJIa)];lI H3)];HrHaTlI epyIITHBHH nJIaHHHCKH MacClI B,]) renerasecaa cBp13Ka C']) ctBepHaTa sacrs na IIO- nIaJIKlIHT'b liCTO'lHO- TpaKlIficKlIli MaCClIB1. (lIJlH CTpaH)];1KaIIJIaHlIHa) .

6. Hali-IIocJlt B,]) o'])JIrapcKHTt IIpt)];tJIH T'])fi canto rrtC'1>'IHOBapoBIiTHHn KJIOH,]) , RofiTO ee npocrapa rrpt3'1> llercsua CLPOllH OT']) CC3 K'])lll']) 101011. II KofiTO on e)];Ha crpana )];OIIHpa c,]) IOiKHlriiT'1 Cii Kpait )];0 3arra)];HlIfiT,]) BaJlRaH,]), a OT'1 )];pyra C'1 ctBepHHfiT'1 CII Kpafi ~o MaKe)];OHCKHiiT'1 MaTepHK'1.1

E)];HO onacaaae na OT)];tJIHHTt '1JIeHOBe na <jJopMaU;HIITt B'b xpo- 1l0.'lOrll'leCRHH pe)];'1 me ,Il;a)];e, MOiKe Oil, HaH-ecTecTBeHHo MaTepllaJI,])T'1 aa ema oo~a reOJIorH'IeCRa HCTOPIIll na crpaaara II me noaeae K,])M'1 sall03HaBaHHe YCJIOBlIlITa, B,]) ROIITO Ha3BaHHHTt oporpa<jJo-TeRTOHIi'leCII'II 'D.lIaHlIHCRlI '1aCTlI CTOllT'1 e,ll;Ha CIIPJlMO ,Il;pyra.

Han-crapars 06pa30BaHIIJI 113J1113aT'1 Ha-lIBt OT'1 e)];Ha crpana B'1 TYH)];iK en C R IIH T '1 Mac C II B'1 C'1 CTpaH)];1Ka-IIJlaHIIHa MeiK)];Y ~lapllu;a, lOilHO-Oa.llKaHCKaTa HlICII'a MtCTHOCT1 II KpaitoptiKHIIHn rrpt)];tJI'1 na lIepHo Mope II OT'1 APyra crpana B'1 PO)];OIICKaTa xacca.

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~

~. 1 ITo crapar-s TpYJI,OBe, OTHOCH~HTlI ce K'bllt'b reOJIOraHTa aa B'bJIrapHH H

I~> iPYlIIeJlaa, ce HalllHpaT'b C'b6paHH y: <I>. TOY.lIa, Materialien zu einer Geologie der

C:. Balkanhalblnsel. Jahrb geol. Reichsanstalt 1883 61 - 114 3a611.IIlImllTeJIHIl lIIemllY ' .••.•••••. ' '1'lIX'l> C.lI. C'h'lHHeHIIIlTa :II 113C.IIlIABaH~lITa: Boue, die Europaische Tiirkei (1840). . ~Neue deutsche Ausgabe. Wien 1889. Pet e r s, Grundlinien zur Geographic und Geologie der Dobrudza, Wiener Denkschriften 1867. Hochstetter, Die geologischen

';~",,:" •. ~'."':".'.'.;' 'Verhiiltnisse des ostl. Theiles der Europaischen 'I'urkei, Jb. geolog. Retchsan-talt . ,.1870 und 1872. To u 1 a, Geolog. Untersuchungen im west!. uud central en Balkan

.und in den angrenzenden Gebieten. Sitzungsb. d kais. Ak d. Wissensch LXXII Bd. 1875, LXXV. 1877,2 Abh, LXXVII 1878, 3. Abh., LXXXI 1880, LXXXVIII. 1883, Denkschriften XLIV. Bd. 1881, LV. 1889 EABO H3C.lIlIIIBaHHe BbPXY BCTO'l'mT'h Ba.IIlIaB'l> ce lIaHllpa nOIl'l> ne'laT'l>. I'eopraa 3.11 a Tap C It B It, Zur Geologie des ·'nUrdt. Balcanvorlandes zw. den Fltissen Isker und Jantra Sitzber. 1886.

16

l'l )l;BaTa Cd>. C'l.e)l;IIHeHH e)l;HH'I. C'I. )l,PYl"J) TOiKe II na rrOBbpXHOCTbTa 'Ipt3'l. XapMaHJIIIiicl\IItiT'b npoaaam, na MapHJ~a. IIOCJlt)l;HlITa (PO)l,Orra) ce C'be)l;IIHRBa 'lpt3'1. nO)l;OOHIl D.1IaHIIHCRU MOCTOBe OT'I. e)l;Ha crpana C'b Jl3)1;HrHaTaTaMacca ua Bnroma, OT'I. )l;pyra C'1 I\pllCTa.IIJ1IIHHaTa 'IaCTh na Cpt)l;HR .I'opa.. II TO OJllI3Y )W npT.)I;tJl'l.T'I., T)I;1no l'lCI\'l.P'l. 11 MaplIJ(a 3elllaT'I. CBoeTO HalJa,'10.

Ho Cpt)l;HlI Topa ·naK'I. e B'b C'ht>)J;IIHenue C'b Hati-cTapuTt IIJlaHJIHCKII 'JaCTU ua IOlKHo-Oa.!maHCI\IITt noaa, T'bit B'I. 1I3BopmIttT'I. nps)l,tJl'l. na CTptllla II TYH)I;lKa, nanpas. npa K.HICypa, KaJIoq,ep'b, sasTO II npn 3J1aTlIl,a ua aana)J,'b .11 HpJ[ TBhp)l,lII\a na l[CTOR'I., rasa 1Il0- TO Hue )l;OXOlK)I;aMe K'hlln P:)J;HO cm.paauo l,t.10 JI HpJ[ TORa K'l.M'I. e)l;HH'I> IIhpnOOIITP:H'b MaTepIIR'I..

IIo Toli31I lIaIJUH'I>, )J,a ee nycTHexlue )J,OpU R'blWh 3aIJa)l;'b )1;0 Bap)l;ap'I> , l\lallap'l. 'Ie Cd>.lIllITt CRaJlII II )l;a )l,OCTllraT'J) )1,0 rrptl\'l\.II'hT'I. HR OXPH)J;'I., HIIe nOJlY'IaB3MP p)I;Ha OCHOBHa II.'I3lIJIHCRa llIaCC3, 1\01lTO no BeJlJI'IJIHara cn H3)J,llumyna onaa na IOroHcnjlJlIa II CP'Rl\lI1I <DpalIUIIJI «xaccara na I~eH'rp3J1HOTO II.lIaTO,» 1I Hell ~IOJIW~1'1 )J;3 0003Ha'lIIlU'I. saTO C Tap uti T'I, p pleJlll tic niit 111 ar ep 11 R 'I>. 'l'ona e fiu.l[() Cd>.IUPBptMeHIlO 1I lIpIlii;I H3I1Te.'lHOTO IJpOCTpaHcTBo ua « iiaJmanCRJltiT'l, JlIaT!'PlIK'I.», OT,I> RoeTO llerepm, lI:iJllISa aa )l;a OORCHlI nOHBHEaHllWro IIa JlIOPCKlITt H WnITROnO!\IHlT't uacaaru, OT'h ROIlTO 'leCTO TOR C(~ HEJIBa OOUROJlen'l.. Ilps)1,U BClI'IKO Tylla TptiinaJlO ou I~a o£.~e O'fIIeCeH'h :\IaTepnaJl'1T'L sa onpaaosaHueTO H8 Imapl~l[TlITt, rrtc'vlHuuU'rt 11 ROHr,10Mepanr1"l, na )l;ua~O-TplIa)1,CKHHT1 IIPptlO)r1; 110 rasa c£.1Il0 II'l\C'l>'lHHl\lrrt II ROHrJlOMepaTHTt na MJla)l;IIT'l\ neplIO)J;II: ~lUlIC'h, Aorrep'b, h'pe)~a II EOI\eH'1. Ilerepcr, 6HJI'I. SaeT'I. lIP'Bi\lI BCIl'mo (':1 JhurcoBlrrt oT.!JoilleIlIIJI, C'I>)J;I,PiKalllH B&rJIlIlIla B'I. 1I1'BCTIIOCTJ,ra na <DIOHq,mrpXpu'I> II Bauar's ( « 3a6tJItlKKlI BhpXy 3Hauenaero na BaJIRaIICKUflT'h nOJIYOCTPOB'b, xaro ;\laTepUI\'b B'I. .JIIIRCOBH1iT'b nepuorr.» Sitzb. 19 Nov. 1863), IIplI rona TOR paaI'Jlej\BaJl'l. TpaHCHJIB3HCRaTa HHCOKa ruannna, K3TO «csnepuo KPJIJIO» na Toii31I MaTepuR'l>. lIpneTlIHT'h OT'h l\10MClICOBlI'l'h «lICTO'leH'b MaTepUR'h. (Grundlinien der Gelogie v. Bosnien-Herzegovina 1880), RoilTO )\a)l;e nonOI\'I. na Tln~t> sa IV:lB'hmr£pHo ocrpu «yRopn» (Zur Wi1rdigung der theoretischen Speculat.ionen i1ber die Geologie von Bosnien". Deutsehe geol. Ges. 1881), npsxnnyna ome no-sese rpaHuI~uTt na « pYMe.IIIIliclilIHT'b 1IIaWpHR'h» 1I ll'h C.Y>.Il\O Bp'R)Ie, 1l0He OTlJaCTU, OOXBalila np'l\tt.!JJnt, ROUTO, npn oiipasoEalIHeTo na WIaHIIHCRIIT'l\ separn, Cd>. OUJIII BRJJIO'JeHH H'b rBx'h, 1I ROJITO,1\aRTO E'I\pHaJl1e, RaTO «H3)1;HrH8TJI» nese 1113CCU rpntina ;\3 ce pa3.iIlTlJan8Th OTh U3)Vlr8101IluTt CP.

lllo ee sacae 1\0 ueroBuilT'h reo.llOl'lIlJeCRuti C'1CT3B'h, TO llpt)J;1I

I'eo.roru-recsart O'lepli'b.

.17

J3tllI'lKO TptOlla na ce yrro;lleHC noananannero IIa 'IHCTO KpHCTa.IlJIHHllifTt . IlaJllCmUIMaCCH (rpanam, CnCHllT'L, I!;nopHT'L II T. II.), KOllTO ofipa-

ayBaT'L II 0-- rOJltMH If IIO"'llI11JIKII aaccana 1{ ce HBIIBaT'L IIOKPIITU OT'L KpnCTUJIIIHlU1 IIIII<pepUII csara, If TO IIOC.Il:B)J;HIfTt aaB3eMaT'L O'IeBH)I;HO 1I1H0ro IIO-rOJItll;Io IIpOCTpaUCTBO. TOBa CC cptIII'l, KaKTO Wb I~eH.Tpa.mnfIT'L Ba.1ImH'L·, rana C.d>.IIIO If B'L CptnmI I'opa H POnOIIHTt.' B'L BUToIIIa ce IIOI\a3EllT'L ClIeHIIT'L n X6pIIOJIeHnC-rpaHIIT'L. Hanaaconoro ll'L3BIIIIICIIHC 1111 Pnaa (E,lCHIIII'L BPhX'L) lIa)J;'L lIIOIIaCTUpI,T'I, (no IIOIia3auneTO na 3<laTllpbmfI)' ce CiCTOII OT'L Cnll'L rHciic'L, II TylIa rpaHIITIITt CC IIoimaBaT'L ImTO rIOWIIIHCHlL C.d>.IIIOTO IIIC 6.d>.I\C II ll'I. L(eJITpa.lIUlllT'I) Bll.lImll'L, r,~'£To KpncTa.IJ.IIIHlluTt KlllllhHU aaexar's IIO-I'OJIt»IO IIpOCTpllnCTBO, 311 KOCTO neTa.1IIpllllam reO.IJOrWleCKa CIIIIMItll HIe 1,J0KaiNC OIWU'IllTe.1HutiT'L peayararr, 311 OTJI.d>.'IBaImeTO aa l[U()TO npacTaJI.1HIlIIlITt naccn, B'h 1130.III!pOBaHII C'L KpnCTllJIJIIIHHII illIICTlI aarnopeHII ranrn, OT'L rpaHIITIIIITt Clm.IUI.

IipncTa.II.UIHHlfT1, illIICT03III1 CIm.IIII C£. OT'L roanao paauoofipaane : rncHc'L- rpaUIITlI 1I rpannrn- rHcfiCII CI\BallI'L CC pa3.IlII'IaBaT'I) OT'L lIlaCCHBIIIITt crm.m, C£.Il(lIHCInI IIO-CTapn C.lJIO;J;lIII mCllCH, c.IlIO~HlI II aM<pIIOOJIlllf IIIIICTU, no T'Lll C£.!l\O, II X~10pnTfIII II CCpIII~UTIIlf IIIIICTII C'L c.rrotione OT,!? RPUCTlW.IHIIIIO-3I)pnOIHI)l,eJI'b napOBIIIl'h.

lio.moTo CC ornoca )(0 TCIlTOHUItaTa (crpoennero}, TO 'all Tall 00- unrpna II npncrapa oo,raCTh e npnero naro oononna sepra, 'lC TJI nuo- 1'0 II£.TII e npopnsnana 'IP;B3'J)' TlIIC,'IORaI~nOHHU .11II1I1I1I, T'Lll IIIOTO lllOil\C Tla (j,y,)J;c. 0003Ua'lenU RaTO JICTIIHClla MaCCUBHa n.1I a II II H a. E,vm OT'I, r JIllllJIHTt T(1Ic.10KUIUIOHHII .T[IIHlBI, O'lCBIfl(ItO, orh lIO- MJlana m.apaorr., :MOiNe I\a cc 0003Ha'lIIKaTO IOiN IIO-O a JI K a II C RaT e p M a JI H 11 JIll II II H. Ta ce npocrnpa IIO'lTIt 0T'1 aanajrs R'Lll1'L IICTOKh on Bami IIplI IIaHaI'lOplHIIC no kLJllM npn AtiTOC'I). Bropa ema I\IIc.10RaL(UOIIHa JIlIIIlIiI acao ce IIOKa3lla )(a nspan OT']) ca KLnl'L lOR np'£3'L Po-nOIlIITt 'Ipt:n; repxaanara amnra CO<pJIH -}?a.TIII-E<p<PelliVI, BaHIl MeJl()l;y HXTlIllIun'J) II CallIOROR'L, II Bana JIll 103 01'L 'TaTap'L- IIaaar)J;lKIIK'L. Ha npyrn

:nOIlOOIlH amran yRaaBaTh. TOIV1lIT'B II3Bopn na ~iKy~IaJl, IiIOcTeHIIU.II'J" .' Bpana, RllKTO II onaa npno.nI3IITe.lJ:HO no ozruara IIOCOKll 1010 Ii K'Lllrr.

CC3 CJIt)l;YIOIIIIITt oaHU npn HUIII'L II IIpII A;leItCrmall,'L, lIT. II. 1

1 BaIIilT1l B'b B'b.1rapUH, KOIlTO BCri'lKH Cal. CtPHII, c.y,. c.It.:lY!OllI;aTll: A. lOamo6a.lKaHcKaTa repaaaua JIlHII1H: AUXllaJICKa-ra oaBH (42" U:), IIBlI oaHU npu {)JIIl:BeB'b,. 'Tpa UpI! KaaaHJI'bK'b, eaaa UplI C-rapa-3aropa, Itap.rroBcKa-ra oaua (44"), XHCCap'b (47'), Hpacroso (450), Orpnaua, Ilauarropcnara OauH (44"). B. lh Po, .II0UHT1l: Xucaoscxara oaHlI, BelleHcKaTa oaHlI B'b Ilouamsara aeun na KPU'lILl!C"aTa pnsa (cent B'b TypcKa repparopau), TplITll OaHU ua Bauu (-*6"), ,ih,liellll' II Ita'MeHlI~a' (62'''7) B'b np1li\1lJI'bT'b na 'lemlllo, Ton.IIlT1l Yl3BOPI! nnu E,I.Hli\Cpe 1I Bap;B8pa Rpai1 C1lHepHOTo nonnoanre ,I1~ POi\OllIITll, Hocreucnaa Il.unr npn C1lBCPllOT()

II. Ilpe-reas. .:. ItlHIlKecIBo D'b.uapIIll. 2

Ho nH C&lI~O 11 lUHOrOupoiiHIITt II paorrpncrpanemrrf T P a x ItT HI! n.'I an an II, llOlITO ee HRREar}' 1\31'0 nynooopa3HHBJ,pXORe Inal~I{['HUTJI npsx's RpIfCTa.Il.IJUnHIf naecnnn, OOQ3HaQaBaT'b C&HWC 'J;BynaHlft"TO na no. uararamnn paB.1l0MII lllt';I\T(Y luaCCIIBIfTt. B'L IIp'f.Jrh.nT'L na Po](omrrt ramma Cd\. wramnBIT'B npn Wepe!(lKrnn" npn AP)l;I1, ~H'mi(Y Al)!\a If }leCTa, II lI[e/Jr~y MecTa II I1PI[l1H1IICffa p'Ima U T. H., rpyrmn 1I O'H'pTaHIfII ua Ryrrooopa3IIlI If IWHycooopa3HlI n.:I/1muUI, IiOllTO T(OCTIIraT'I, !\O ana'IHTe.IlHa DUCO'lTlHa If ce C'r,CTOJIT'b OT'b ImUpI\1,-TpaXllTU,. nCTIfHcml 1'paXlITI[ n all)W3HTJI, U cnoperr, m.apacrr.ra en uuxa aor.m !Vl ce cpanlHIT'I, C'l, OOWUpHlI'rt up1,iriwH B1, lUI1CCIIBHJIT'£ n.rannnn, ooelUaIOI!{H 1<:0- 1~(,HOIlIITt nacaarn, nanp. DIIlm npn XaCIWHO.

11aTo oomnma. lin OCHonaTU, naJ('h I\pnCTa.I.1IIHHIIrt ;UaCC[f[lH IIa llIIIpOInI rrpocrpancrna J:BlIian, n no-:u.JIIlT(lI naoaarn, xonro, raro ce Cd\. cllYU(aJIU Wi> pa3HH Bpt~[eHa nee IIO-HaJ(.K,lOORO, oopaaynfi.llI uoparootipaaua rral~UIur, .C'hOllTlIJI, IiOUTO osenruno C.K np'h;\uamma.l1l e.KU~O II OInIe naxaynanua na ;\IOpeTIl B'I, E01(eJlOImi:JT'I, uepaorr., CrOHIll)I m. U3Id\CTHfi nptllleHIIa cnpr.ana e'b If36YXBaJUIf'1'O na PP'YIlTIfBIIlIrl, elm.m. lIo- Be'IeTO 11 nall-oOmnpHIIT'B OT'b THe 1\OT.!IOHUHl1 .TnllW.T'b B'b nptRt.nT'b na }ipnCTa.1JUIHHilTfi IMaIfIIna n.ITn Rpaii neiiuHTt no.nr. On, TIle liOTJ~OmlHn 1I'f, nniuara oO.rraCTh rrO)l,nil){a nepnrarn nil iUil.lI>f[Tl;, HOHOBIr Il:O.IIIUIU lIol\pali IOlIiHIrrt lIO.HI na EammU'bT'J,: IWT.iIOBlIfHlTIl Hil CO<plIJI, na B.IIU'fl11~il, onaa na I'r.onca 11 IWT.IJOBIIHaTIl 1I1l ropnn Tnh Ilihll, lUelK)\Y I\a.lloq)ep'b II TBI,p)VIHa, Hall-lIlHoro OlHUI na Iiaafiwnff'L. IIo'lTJI JlClf'H\'lf TIle ROT.:IOlUIHII C.K OT'b HOIlO-TepI(UapH3 lI.lIII J(u.:rymraJinfi m.apacrr, AJT.J1YBIIlf'ril aa ceraIIIHUT1\ p'lmu n orsacrn pneno.1JO;r:e!iIITt. na reppncn crapn n'BC;blJHlI II r.Hmenu xacca Cd\. Il3pamm.m nO'LBIlTa u oGpu;~YBa.1Jl[ Jrnr,IaTa na p'tlJHIIT1, r(,IIeIUfH.

Hsxon HMtlT'& C'f,BJ,pmt'nHo 1I3f.;re;('bT'J, na crapn esepa. Esepuara

«oraomrun HU Co(lnra (' UU .. IQ ooe3lloJ(PHU 'lp'Bn lIcR'bp'bT'b R'MI'L ctHep'L~ ..J

a Ha3nn.WbIlIR:lTll 'lp1j;J'J, TYH)(JKU R'blIl'b fICTOR'b. .

llo!wono n'l;mo ce e e.IJ"J.lIJIO (j'r, ROTJTOBIIHaTI1 na Canonom, no rop-

Il1IflT'T, l1CI.'hp'b II C'I, onue nil Bana II }1xrnnIaH'J, nil ]\'IapIU\a, nanro If (j'li, :,

HO)J,HOiliHHT1J IWT.iIOIlltlIIl nil l'irocTeHIVi.n, JJ.yrrHJIl~a n Pa)~OlurrlY1. OGUUfP";

nOlJ;lIOlfme na Pnaa (+680). OCB1m1> T'lIX'l> B'l> B.Y,Tp1nUllocn,ra na naa HII 113 Tit, B1> , ~ .•

l'a3.!JOlRCl\lItlT'I. np1liJ;1l.!l"h JI B'h rpaaoner-s )l;mYMRII H Ileaposom.. C. Ha aanajrs : I,

CO!f!EIJ( (47'5") .11 O.lBl!!Rfl'(a I'opna (IOIHlpll) tiaun, c,va(~o K TOU.laTa TIIHHa oaRlI

Uansa, TOIJJHl11T'lo 113DOP'lo na 3BOIJUH npu Tpn.m, (30' ?), KIOCTCH/lIU'lo (75' ?). O~

CBllB'b T:tX'b Il}la IIBa IlIIJnepa_llIll TeplraJIUU 1!3Bopn:. (i.lIIay Ila Il'lepellO II JKe.Tj;311U~a

na 1l('TOYflIIT:l> nOJII 1Ia Bnronra. OTRIIII'b rpullllllaTa c.~1l),BaT'I, H3BOPRTD Upll Bpa-

na, 'fOIIJlIIl\ll, HIllin" AJI(>RCITUal\'1'l CBbP.IHII"b H T. II. Ha C1lnep'b Orb Ba.TK3U"LT'L

)IOme ila ce yrr31Re Ca}1O aa eJ\HII"h TOn"h.ll'b Il3DOP'L, npn Bspnretrt, (Hepuonmusa 0,

ROJ[IIR) B'lo JlO;n'CTO na pnsa l)OTYUf[; Hila!;;'!, Ta}I'b ce I1aMIlpaT'b cauo CTYJ\eIlH no-

neuero rOpYIlBfI unncpaaua 1I3r.opn, IiaTO npn KYTJlOBIlV.a II T. n. 1<;', II.

I'euaormecnutt O'lepK'b.

uara uoraonnna na TaTap'L-TIaaap)l,A\III\'L-TI.lJOB)Um'1, I\aI\TO 11(0 TH )l,Ilt'Cr. ce npt)l,Crun.lfJlBU, -Ue e no-crapa ; I\t.IJlIiiT'1 113pUBHlInURllL\'}, lIIarepnu.n e a.1J.llymIa.aeH'r. II.Ill! )l,lIllyBIIa.IeU'1; ue3'b C'1~lH1\HlIe, ro e, RURro IIORuallU DOJlBlinamlero aa EOI\eUOBII nacaarn HU rorolICTOR'L, CUlIlO uacn, HU ei\HU MHO!'O IIo-ro.lIt:\IU]I B'1 m.pnoro cn O'lepTUHUe nnoro no-crapa Ror.lOBllHa.-

Czmo e CTUHa;lO II C'b KOT,10BllHJIT'f, na Crapa-Baropa - HOBu- 3aropa, B'L Hun'L.l1JaHIleTO na ROIIro c£. 3IIMumI Y'Iacnre UfU\'L C'h ,IlCt~l'h HOBO-Tep1vrapUIl IItC'1'lHII II qaR'h.'IeHII (rpnllW)l,c1llI1U) lIHtCClf, r)l;t;ro eli\. nU:3ItpeHII OCTaT'LI\JI na eiJ,lIH'l, HOBO-TepI\ImpeH'L CoIIOII'1 (Elephas meridionalis] ]( HU e)vm'J, XHIIIionOTaM'}, (Hippopotamus major). 'Iepnnapnn I1CII'1.IlBaIOII\n l\laCCII ce y;manuTL C£.II\O OT'b IIO)l,HOlKHl1Tf, Ror.rrOBlIIIlI; rasa naap. UOLO-TepI\lmpUH xy6aBll cypn Bdil'.ITlfll\U ce na-

'Mupan B'L ROT.'IOBlIHUm ua Ilspasa (na 3ana)l,'b on Co<lnm). I'iUll, ropmmaanara xarepusona xacca cera Cdi C'L'l.'leUI'UIf BXO,~oBeTt na UU- 3BaHHIIT'f, nO-HOBll ll.lfIlIUIHIL

B a.H a H'h T 'I" llJI1ITO nafi-CTupn CRa,'lH B'b IV'HTpa.lllIlifiT'L Ba.lIRaH'J, lIIIe Y3l1a:ole 1\U'1'O nO)l,HOlKlIII ~raCCUBlIII 'laCTII na P'Y~le;llJ1iieImTa nacca, ,IlOK33IJa (,HOHTi, nan -crapn n.rr3HlIHCIUI BH/iOIle J\'J, 3an3J~1I3T(t uacn., r~tTo Cli\.IIIO nannpaxe HerOBO'1'O crpoenne uaa-sananreno, 1\OraTO R'IJ11I',[,

B'b neurpaaaara '1acrI, TOM npi;/iCTiIB.1JJlH3 Ilafi-l'pal\la)~HO IIOi\)l,lIranne, II IIpI! rona no CllOeTO TeI\TOHll'IeCRO crpoenne npOIIIlITBa cxmeCTB!'IIHO no-npocru OTHOllIeHlIH, a In, HCTO'lmIllTh Ba.TIRaH'J" cpannaremo e~nH'b xuorn nO-HIIC'1R'L rpI,ouaH'J,('(J, PUSI'li\.pHaTH /iUn.lIII, TyI\'I)-Ta~1'1 CII nORa3Ba nO-CTapHTt CI'(l.lIII, KaTO 'Ie eneprnnra na ofipaaonanuero an IlJIUHIIHaTU CdUIl,eCTBeHHO e HallIa.lI'f,.1a, B'1 3anaJ],IIufJ:I'I) Ba.IJKUH'J, nne CP'f,mame nponnnaarn utROII 'lnCTO HpUCTaJIllHHlI csa.nr, I\OHTO O'H'BlI)\nO He CTOJIT'1 B'b HlumliBa uenocptncrneaaa cnpr.asa 1''1 onne ,IIa PYllU'.ITnl1- csara ~IaCCU II KOlITO na 1I1H0ro llltcTa ce npocruparr, )\0 ctnepnoro IIO)l,I10lliHe na H.TlaHIIUaTa, 1I HlIII03BO.lJJIEaT'1 )\U ce 3an03Hal'1'1'h C'b Hailcrapurn e.Ie~IeHTII ua naannnara. TYRU ce cptmaT'J, rpanurnrs, CHeIIlfTIIT'P. H Il,IIOPIlTHT'f, na Cn. HIIlWJI3, RaRTO n onne B'b Bt>PIWBlIlli-

,HuRn Ba.;IKaII'b, ua Paana- IlPLX'L II B'b ETpOIIommniiT'J) na.rrl\aH'h, ROlITO . Cli\. lIpOR£.calIII OT'1 no- HOllll nOp(llllpO-aH)l,e31ITCIUI CI\a,;JH (l>011TO Hali-pa3Ho06pa3HO ce cptll~aT'b B'l) llcm.posoro npofiuaanne]. IipucraJUIUHlI Il lIO.lYRpIIcra.'UIHIUI unrcrn upfnrpunart. nuorc lI.&.ru ~raCCIIIlHJfT1> CI;a.1llI. B'h l:;epHOBlIIIIRUiiT'b II l~TponO.lJCI\JliiT'}, Ba.imaH'b 'It .IT'f,lIiUT'I,3tl.- 6y.llelI1I C'h tlm.1lIT'b II tPIl.l1IT'J'-!'Heiic'L. Han-ucpaaareaaara l\ll'lK)I,y 1\pUCTa.lIIHHHTt 06.rrUCTI! e onaa npn C'1>nepHoTO nO)l,HOlKlie na B1,.10rpall,'lImeunra II PaOHlima IVHlHunu, l')ltTO rpUIIIITlITt o6paaynaT'I. ocaonara ua ll1"mOmr!UlOTO II IlO'lTII nspanneao IIp·P.)\3e~Ie.lJl1e,

19

20

I'eorpatiH1'IeCImli n pnrze.rs.

Ha aan<lJrn ce Ilallm:paT'I. II'I.JIHII ermUBa.IIe:ITH aa RallIeUlIOB&.r.lIeHnara q.OPlllalJ,HII, a luneHHO I,y JIIIICIinHT1> naacrr, If ropHHli l\ap50H'I. (" Farnenzo ue" naIIp'JmmH noact}. )l,a.lIIf TyR<l C£.IlIO 1I1OfaTJ. ce IIOcTaBB JI3ntCTIIJIT'£ 3e.1emr umcra, OCTaIl HeptrnelIO. )l,Ha)~CRH ntc'b'mirlJ,H C'L OT.1OjKeIIJIH na K~illeIlHII nzramna (npa EtJIOrpa)1,llJIIn) ce JIBIIBaT'b rasa aero caxo na aanam; a JIilleHHO CTPhlllHO ce II3,~UfaT'n Halrn )l;IiCKOp/l:aUTHO nO.IOiIieIlIITt OTfOP'B JIIIYb 'IepBeHH ntc'1l'!HHUJI JI HOHr.IIOlllepaTII.

BI>PXY onue 'IepneHlf ntc'b'ImIIUI, ROMTO oOpa3YBaTJ. 'Iy;~Hl[Tt CI\UJIMCTII q.0P:UlI npn B1l.1orpa)l;'IIfIr£, enaa orb reoaormecmrrf 3a6t.IItiIo!Te.iIHOCTIl I1a crpauara, a czano If rrs IIrmopOBCRIrfIT'h BU.JlIWH']) ce noI\a3BUT'£ lUOnrlHl JIaCCH, OOpU3YlOlIUI CllJIHIf CTpbllllUIHII K'bnr']) ctBep']), 11 KOJITO ee I1a~IIIpaT,]) )l;a,TlelJ'I. na nCTOR'b, If TIUl\'}) ce nonaanar-s B'I. aanaAHHM na,lmaH'n C'b WIOqeCT'L BUpOmIIl'J:. II IIO,IIOllUITclfnti BapOJUm'L, llOlITO OTI'OnapHT'b na TpUHC']) 11 norarr, Ita ce rrpOC,TItll,aTL, lIIaImp'b 11 B,]) rrO-JUa.'IIiO pacnpoorpaneaae, B'b ueHTpaJIHIfl1T'b BaJIRaH'b, a mrenIIO ImIlTO B'b TeTeneneRHHT'I>, T'bit 11 B'I. illHIIqeHclnrtiT,]), TptBHeHCRUHT'b, KrJeHcmltiT'L II C!HIneHcRuilT'L B<l,TJR<lH'b, a narrpormn, C'bBbpllieHHo .'IHnCBaT'b 13']) IICTOqrmllT'b Banram., C&nrO I\aUTO II B'])BanaT'.b. C,TIt~'L ell,HO no-ro.rsxo np'tu£.cnamre B'.b IIOc.!ItIl,OnaTe.JIHOCT1Ta na 1IJIaeTOBeT'k Il,]) Eaanam.r.s ce cpnura CP'B)l;HHH II ropHHR .!lURC'n, IwfiTO OT'IaCTH 6e3'L CTPOI'O A'I,.leIllIe rrp'BMlfHyna B'I. )l,orrep'I.. IIO-)I,&,TJ:OOlmiin ypoBeub, IWitTO ce cpbrua ]1'1 Banar-s II RonTO C/bAhPiIW Nal\IeHIHf B£.]'JII1ll\a, JIJIfICBa B'b Ba.lIltaH'bT'JJ. B'L TeTeneHcmlftT'b BaJIHarn JII1J:IC'n-lOpCI\ara $opMauna e HaR-lliupOIW pasnura ; soraro eJ(lni'b cpaBHlITe.!IHO TtceH,}, nones ce nporasa IIp'B3'L TPOHHCUUHT'.b BaJIHaU'b 11,0 npt)l,'BJI'bT'b na OIfJIOTO,

. sa ]l,a ce nonaxe paCli£.C<lU'L na UCTON,]) II nil 3ana~'b caxo D'b IfJOaaponann C.lylIaIf, RaTO na IOr'b OT'b B'BJIOrpaJJ;IIHN,]) B'n BepI\OBIIlliUufiT'I., llptC.JaBCRJIHT'L II Iiapno6a'l'CHIIllT'b EaJIKaHL. Taxa C£.IqO lOpa ce noxaana c'bnct~I'1l eIIOpa]J)ftIBCIiJI B,]) aanamara uacn, nil n.lIaHIIH<lTa, caso I\,peJ\aTa (;\It.'n) o6pa3yna unrposonpocrpanem, II CBbp3aII'b npt)l,tJIL, 11 TO B'J) TBbPJrt pa3IIOBII)l,1I0 paanarae, B'L lHIeTO Il:llnJIeCTO 3eMJIJIlI~e ce 1I3,T{aBWf'L II30;HIpOBaHIITt no-orapx q.oplllaUIIII TpnHCL If !Opa B'I. q.0PMU na npotsrnanue, m. C&II~OTO BptllIeHOraTO ~1t.TI'1T'b II ryna nptRC'fan.l1IBa rpancrpeccrra m)pxy nO-CT<lpUTt 06paaOBUIIJIH.

Pacs.reueunero na NIt.'l'LT'L 13']) 3arra;UIIIll.T'b Ba.TIIlllH,]) e c.rrt)l,YIOnrcTO: Hun-OT;W.W ce nonaanarr, If TO Ca:lIO na SanaA'b nepuHeiicmdl, nenraspunnrcxnf II Ropa.IOIlIIH napon:tIR'b, IWIITO nopa3IITe.IHO nanonmoI:UTI. U:W1,(,THIlT'i; otipaaonauuu B'I. CIla.nrCTIIHT'L· nORc'1 nil liaprraTIIT'B (TUTomrl1clwii (,TllII"I,?). <.'.11'1'/\,1 rtx'L If;,(e no-ucer, IIJIO'IeCT'b nepreaorrs napomul'I,: l\ollTO C'J,!\l>l)iRa ~OCTa nnero BIilllllent.!IOCTU (pa::lIIII 4JOPMH

ill

21

AMl'lOHlI'fU, Crioceras Duvall II xaoro llPyrn). ,Toli ce nORa3Ba sese lIU 3arra~'h II BhPBJI, rmRTO ce orpyna, no ei\~IH'I. nenp'BR£CHaT'I, nones OT'h Mf,CTHOeThTa na I\Y'rJIOBHI~a, npB3:]) Jlo.llanllI~a, TPOllH'I., E.IICHa (na

,,' IOI"b on OCMan'I.-IIa3ap'},) )(0 OTBa)\,h IIlY~leII'I.. TOBa ex.. eRBHBa,'IeHTli 'na oooanallenllT'B B'I. lICTO'lUIlTB A.mIl HaTO «Pocct\le.II)(CInlit n.JIaCT,])), ~'C' a B'b WpaHI(llll "Hanterive-etage"

,: Ha e)(lIIrI, IIO- BJICOR,]) ypOBeUh UPUIHWrf,iKli Mepre.IlOmlitT'I. napo-

. BHl1:'I., IwliTo npn Pasrpam, ce nORa3Ba C']) 'IY)J,eCHO rOJrlmo r.oraTCTBO ua QlOp:ml, IiOliTO naIT-)I,OopB orrenapnrr. ua IOrollcTo'lHlIHT'J, qlpumW3- CliIlIi (A.ITIIlIHCRHtl) "Bareme etage". Tan )J,0,1Il1I l\pe:(IL IWllTO neae ce JlOW13Ba B,]) CBBCPHOTO nO,~HOiKlIe na IIJ1aHHaaTa 1I np'lnumyna B'I.

- cT,nepno-Oa.1JRanCIWTO JIp'l;)J,3e~IP.me, Tp'l,(ma noae ~a ce naanpa B'b lICTO'IIHfIlT,]) na.1JI\UH'IJ, a ~lOiKe un cx..U(O II In IOiKIIo-Oa.1Il{ancrm!lT'1 CI{.IlOH'1 B'b (1Iop~Ia ua )wupt nanaacronaus n'BC'I.·mUR'h U JJ'BC'},tlHO aspnecrr, llJlO'teCT'h na po film'}'.

CoLlIhpnH'HHO )(pyrn YC.'lOBlIJI ua IIpOJ[CXOjj\)~emle np1>;wraB.lIlmaT'h n'lIc'h'lHlIlVIT'I\, noneate T'B ce ex.. oupaaYBa.UI l\']) II.!IllT1\a nona, xoraro

, 'ItplIOI(epeRlIT't, n.Hl XOTpUBCIm II napl'l\lernI IUaerOBI' nptJ(CTaB.1lJIBaT'h oopa30nUHHn WI> )(£.liiOIta BO)J,a. Ho nORpait rne ee Ha~mpaT'l) naR'I. H ~pyrn uaponnnn C'}, mIOl'O )(eOe,IIOROpn paROBlIHII, «I\allpOTlIHCRU BapoRJUIlI), 1\OIITO IIpOHeXOiK)(IlT'(, OT'}, plIi!lOeRa,lUeTJI uarpynnanna. Tyln-TaM'h ce IIOna~aT'h C£IIW H l\IelK)J,ypIIQlIll! otipaaouanun, ~Iepre.IIOm{ « nplloaoiielnI :u: l\lOPeI\O PXIIIUI)J,HH n.raorone, RaUTO T'B ce ep'lmVlT'L nlelRi(y 1\Opa.JlOBIIT'B

, pn$OHf'; II B'I, HUHtlIlHlIT'l\ ~IOIWTa, rana ccooenao lIO c'lnmpnOTO nO,\HOiKlIe

aa BpU'IanClUIHT'I> na.rnWH'j) napomnnara xacca ce C'LeTOII orsacrtr OT'!> KanpOTlIIlCImli napOrlllI\'I,. E)J,UH'(' IIO-OOUllIpeU'f', maRap'L ue C'LBhpIIleHlIO OTJlJPIeH'I. 4lopMal\llOnen'1 'I.ITen'l, oiipa~jYllarL nte'h'lHlllUITi\ J[ xepreronaT1> elm.m C'b Ropa.11lI 11 oe36pOHUU, OT'h e)\llam crpana n)(.1Ix..OnaTII, RPx..rooopaaUH JW.IIPJlJIa, Op61I1'O.lBIHU. 11 TOH31I XOPII30HT'L (yponeHh) ce naMupa, h'URTO na Hllit-RpaitHfITa 3ana),nu rpUUIII(a, rasa II 1\']) Bpa'lauoU.lIaeTh ua cimep'I, OT'I. J10Be'lh, ThpHono l[ HOC.JIB npn I\OTM'IJ, ce noxaana csm.pineaao P)J,HOB'IJ:3paCTCII'1 1I1epre.'I'1 C'I, xopanr, Cih~I,PJlI3 R'1.1JOooGpa3HIr It.'la, II a P Ii ep JIll, xrnpoaon. Homo ~()o

" cera IIlI 6'!;xa lI3Bi,eTlIlI OT'b Ite:uopIWlieRUHT']) l~eHoMeH'j) B'h Am.iHIa II 'lptn CTOm!'II\a on ItapaROPYllICRlIMT'1 npoxom H'I. Xnlll(l)IaJI. Ha aanan,'I. nUK'b neuOluenCRIITt naacrone ce nONa3naT'I. nO-OJUI3Y )1,0 cnnepBRTt, lIO.HI H.m none )J,a.1!etl'b OT'l> ImCO'tHHaTU na OIIJlOTO, )(opn B"LM'I. CphOCRaTa rpamma, IWI,TO na cimep'l,, nH II na JOn, T'h ce nOKa3- BaT'I. In, (';pt)~HniiT'I. -npt]rh.!Fh HR naammara, na }fCTOR'b )(OeTUraT'h DJlII3Y )1,0 np'B)J,'tJiI'I.T'I. IIa OIl.ilOTO (npu ItOTM'1). llpoerpaaernenao nafi"

22

reorpa.pl1'ICCKult rrpllr.leJl;n.

pacnpaorpanen« eLK rr1>C'b'lHn~IITB C'L xapaarepsru lUI: BUCIIClmtlTb 1f,[1I 1'i<lpmrrClaIH rrtcT,llHlIIt'L, ROHTO xuoro rr.¥..TII napmars WX[IIIICRlIfI II'ReMHIlWL. 'n, ce rrOIItl;,aTb B'L 3arra;~uHl!T'f, na.IIRaU'1, luaRllp'L ue HB Ill> TBI'PlrR llUlpOInr noncn l[ HO l(stTB CTpaHII na no-orapnrs CRaJIH na IlOi\Opaa)\t,llHoTO Ou.IIO, no In, l(eIlTpaJIHUlln Ba.man'1 cranars nese xnero nu-nnrponn II oOlJaaysan, )\a.lJe'1'1 npOCTIIpaIOlI\1I ce lllIIpolm rrOHCU.. Homo ileCTO ce npoananarn In, I\nrrmrrt, all 1\11 i\OCTIII'HaT'1 nese n'L TPOIlHCRlrflT'1, a oiue rro- nere Ifb KlJeHCRIIHTI, Eaaxarrr, 1\0 rrp1qt.T1;n, ua OU:IOTO. TYWI,'T1Un, Tn, Thn, ce IIO!til3nllTl, OOOJIIll'lCmrr'li all IljW)W 1I1I0l\C)a~ll!, 11 rona HiU,TO B'L IItC'J.1IIIIIl\IIT't, raxa II H'I, .r!\JliilU\UTB 'JeCTO pmm1>cBno CI, T!,X,[, nepreannn II,II1U"TOBC. OTBl1;\,IJ C.nInl'HIJ B'f, I'iapnoonTcmIil, AllTOCImu II EmmCRUH. l)'l,.:rRmUJ Tt c]'naBHTI, HiH'WO C'h T'J;XIllIT'R lummI rJIaBHaTa xacea nil II.lI1UUmara, IiO/iTO npu LJepJIo xope ce C'LCTOII Cl1i11O OTT, rtx'[,.

OClltHT, ;ut.IOBIIIIH.Th (P.JII!Iln, RoliTO IIp'lqcTilB.Ifml1 ropnul1TI, OTJrJ;,iT, na M'R,lOBIIaTIl (llOP~IIU\IIH, m. nCTO'lIllrllT'c, Ba.IIlaHI, IIplI yCTpOlt(',[,!lOTO nn OTHOCllTcmlO IIlH\RIITi> II.JI 11 1II !I [(']0 r 1"IOHOlle e iJeJHl.IIa Ollie Y'IIU''1'I[(' EOI\<'}[OBIlTl1 (11Oj)}WI\IIlI C'f> IIY~Dly.1IHTlL TOBa Hilu-nilrrp1\;\T' nne cann nIlO.[J(W1Bax.~le In, Ct.uepna I>'bJrrapIIH (1884) IIpH ThPIlOBO II nO-I\hCIIO TO 01[;«' 1I0TBhp,\tmO WI, ~lHoro II IIO-OOIIlUpIIlI 31'llCTil n'L Oii.l11(,ThTI1 nil IraO'hplelIllTIl mamma. 11 oeoeenao IrL Cnmenexara ~1'1>ornoen.. r.rl.ro EOI(t'IlT, ce CPRU\1l n'r, lIIHOI'O lfJopmr nil oupaaonanne j[ 111I1:1>P110 ll[())];e J\1l ce YCT1UIOBlr TO'lHO no Bp1:;~IeTo ua II.ifaCTOBCTB (lomm 1\'[, BI!l\t'IlTIIHllHCliIlTI;. E,\IlO ~Ia.mo 11IImmO oopnaonanu« IDIaTh H~m'l>cTlIlrrJ; 011\(' OT'L 1856 EOl\eIlOBII lIilC,I[(U'II nil aanarr. OT'I> Bapna. 'fBhp;rl; P B'!;pOJrl'lIO, 'Je C'hi\hlliIWIl\aTil RIBII'HUH BLKI"UIll\il (jtOlntal\lfJI na Ba.lR<UfhTh npIIHil;\.rl,anI na Eonem, none C'I, TOBa ce C'Ll'iraeHBllTJ, H<lXO,\lIU\IfT'l; ce TiUrJ, CIiOihecT!r OCTilT'J,1\1I 1"1 q,OP~IlITR na nnpt'nClmH xepre.rr, ncrnro mul'I, IlaXOi~IIlI\J[Tt ce na I{P)TII lIItcTa OCI\~:\lIIr pacrnre.mu OCTilTf,lUI IIO-CflOPO rOIlOpaT'L an ropna Iipe,{il. CXOi\CTIlOTO na <P.IlIIlI(,RlI'l"l, Ch:a.1II C1, OIUIe na Anemnurrt, Amnrrt J[ Iiapnarm-t C TBhP:\'I> roatom II np1J)\JI !lclI'mo OIl Tp'l'.6na.1[O e;ulO cpauaenne C,'h nauo.lImy .Tl'iKilU{IIT'h (jWII1I101l1l ruanann, IWIITO nr.pmm, no rpaannarn na HCTO'IIHl TpanCWIlIilHHH II ~IO.;I)II1BlIlI. Hancruua, 'lyIlCTByIla~rr. ce npnnecem, In. napesennrf (jt.':IlIlIIOllII nsannun. HeTporpaq,lI'ICCIntHTh xapas'fep''' II OCl\~;\HlIT'h OPI'1lHII'leCIi'lI uacrn nonaanara nilH- ro.ltlllo cxonorso.

Ha 1I1'I>CTil In, naeeara ce cptnnarr, qlYROIIJ\II, nanpna. npn A Una)\iKUIn , _j a C"'-H\O xuepol'.uf(l)J[ II IIp. II. CLK TBbP)('t oommoBemUI In, lItC1.'IHU-

1'1> H xep re.to BlIT'i\ nonr.pxnocru, oc,oueHHo nil nCTOR'f,. n TYRel, xanro

11 ll'h;\pyrm'l> napeuenn qlJlIIlUOBO- rrtc'r,'IlIII IIJIaHIIHII, OTil'RJIeHlICTO na

I'eoaorasccaan o'!ep!I'b.

npllHa;vrr.lKll11\I1Tt I'·J)lI11. I\.pei\a:ra 'IaCTlI OT1> OHlIe na EOl_(eH'hT'L 1I3I1CIma ,ll,'h.1ll'll neranrpaua patiora.

fOpUB ftpe)l,ll (~1't,T{'L) OTT, TUIrhTb na ouan na aananna u c'tnepo-snnama Enpoua T1.ll nero He OTCN>TCTByna. lh _npt,Tt.iI'hTL na callnIii Tiammll'h ropnara l{pei\a. ce orpanmana C1> cptU\<tlllIcro nn Iluouepancsa II CnaTtUIl'IlJ\(jl~U Itpe,(iL

Oop;:t:30nUlIl[Jl OTI. TolimI PO;\'f, n,y,_Tpl, m, Gtl,ilKtlHC1-laTU oo.men, a3-]' ep'l~ll~lIax-J, m, TpIJBJ-IeHCKlrfi GllJmaUL. TYlm n'}; 3tlrra;\HU[1'TJ, Ga.l!l\all'l, C\\ OTHOCiITL lIIepI'eJIOnnltT]' napomnn, npn lIeJIOIlllll'J, na I-OH OTl, Bpann, OOpa.:10nrlHlHI, 1\olITO lo,;\n; etnepOlICTOK"J, O'lem-wIO I(OCTUl'UT'h /\0 IIO-lllllPOKO pacnpoorpanenne, 11 nati-no« .. :rt Ilnonepaxomrrf II.mCTOBC TI'l. 4l.11ll1l('h·nl-1T1, nll'F,,\1>.Th n1l JICTO'l1mU GU.:IllIlIn..

Hati-;\I.11l,(IlT1; OTL CP'BlIVtlOll\HTt ee In, nonarn OU.1WilllClm oii.mCT!. oopa:30naUll}[ C:'b. ;mmlenaTl[T1; E')](enOBII Hac.lIIU'lI, 1,0111'0 lll'paan. Tnhp~t anmure.ma PO;W In, lIC·T09.UlltiT'T. l)a.'ll\ilTI'I,.

CT, YC,'lOBlUlTa JUt 11£T]yl,uIIIlIitn ha.'lI:\i1U'[, Tptuna )~a U£_J(ill"h epanncnu cJm(111lI!iT 1. 11 101!i 1Il1Th W10HOHt', U i1;e.i[ilTemIO e )\11 ce nxarr, TIlli';\,h O:\U TIo-ullnp'i;,rb IO,IlIUITh, 1>:011'[0 rara Thello ce CVleTanaTI, 01"h t,)(ua crpann cr. W'HTpa,uHItiTI, li/l.'IRUJI I) 11 OTI. )\p):-l'a Cl, Ponomrrt. B'I, ,;;\Ila,nmTtl Cpt, i\ n H I' 0 p a, BI.pXY 1\OJ1TO npnrearauaae elUllIh IIp'l)l;·J,c:\o.v,~n'I, TPY,\1, nil iiuIIIlIllti ~IOti ;\pJTaph no nibTYIlltHlH'TO: i~.l:1_'rapclmtL nue qrl;U(llJle TIjrJ;.'(u ncmno C£H1,lI'r!; flpnCTtl.!I.11l11ItIl CIm,'IH, 1l[\J'iTO ]l't, 1(eIlTpa.1HILlhb BlIAltaU'h C-L no-crapnar» xapaurep» (rpaIIHT'I., cnemrr i.. )~UOpUTl,) n nO-HOHn epynTlUllIlI CfliMU (1lwjmiio.1I'J,-an,(em[TI) I[ aynrrs-nnrearm., rpaxrrrr., IHlO.mTI, II 1'. n.], Oen1;Il'b rona c.p'l>u\a~ll', caxo i\O.lO;\lllTCNll naponmur (TplIao, [), 1\o11TO na:V1TT, na Hll'1 J[ 101'0- aanili\,r, II xepreaouurcnm WBlhHlr OTL l\lt.l0BHa q)o:p~llll(na. I C£ll(O II I\apn,~a;a-:\tll'[' iuu IICTO'UHlTtl Cpt,;\un I'opa ua c'l,Bep'£' IlU ce noxaana l\pncTa.ulIHIl:l ocnonna U.1iIJIIUm (rnelic'l,- rpamrrr, 11 rpamrri, upucraa.1lIIHHH lI11U'TU OT'!. paannun Bll)IOne U naccmm 01'"1, TPlUICOlrI, )\0.:10- Mllnl 1\01'aTO ua IOn, TBbll;l,'t ro.:rt.;\l'r. npt,)\,t.rI. anena e;\mn, C'bRhPmeauo cnoeo.ipaaem, pC';('I, on. ~lepre,1011IneTHlI- n't,c'b'lHii csa.nr (oruacrn YAlIlIllTe:mo )\UClmp,\1iH'fHO na.tomeun), Im~II.HIL I\oUTO CTOHTh In. naii-rscnn C BpImm cor. ellynTllBIllIT't CNil.1Jl,lIW orsacrn CC OTROCHT'I. ICbM-I, pe;('hT h 111l nopqmpJIT"hT.L 1l lIoprpnp'L'fL, 1I 'laCTh I\,MI'r. alIi\e31IT'hT'1, u nam, Tp-!;iina jIll Cd'. 01'1> paa.nnna Il'L8paCTI,.

TY(POBt' on, epyrrrunuu csaan CIl 1I3peiK)V\TL TaIWili),e ll'L 1'1lIorO-

1 G. N. Ztatarskl, - Ein geologlscher Bericht tiber die Srednja-Gorn, zw is'Chen 'den Flilsscn 'I'opolnica und Strerna (mit 1 geologischen karte}, Denkschriften d kais.Akademie d. Wissenchafteu LVII. Btl. ,Vien rss i,

•

24

6pOMHII 1l0nTopeIIHH C1l nOmIeHOnaJIlITt nIlC.'IaraIIJJ Clta.TIll, OT1l HORTI> IJO-fO,lJ'BnmTa uacn, none Tptuna /(U npHHa)J,.1I1llKllrl> I\'MI'1> Itpe;l,&Ta, 1I1aJ:ap'.b 'Ie Til ntpoHTHO orrenapnr-s nil no- BIfCOli1l XOpJI30HT1l, OTh noaliOTO ce npnenarne no-nanpt)l,1l.

Rl> lII'hCTJIOcrj,TIl JIll A1iroc'I, nil JJ(';TOI\'1>, crpyna ee, no~o(jHII OTIIOIIIeHIHI )W rOCnO;l,CTnYBllT1l. 1:1 TyRIl ce Ha~mpllT'h HaCJIUraHU Ty4l0B6 OT'L Itpf')J,Ha R'13paC'fJ, (C'L)J,J. piRaU\1I HnOIwpaltIlI) C'L nacnaramr lKIfJIIiJI na epyrrrnnmr CIWJ1lr.

Ha IOI"L on AiiTOCRlffi If ItupnoGaTclmn Ea.maIn., )1,0 1.£)1,1:. HlII- 60.1]"'1) II ll'I. e!l,HO npOI1:'£'[IKf'HI1e ]\0 canoro 'Iepno llIope, ee rrpocrnpa OGIIIlIpHIliiT'1 epynTIfBf'U'L np1»)~t.1['h, ll'I. IWHTO rannnara pO.HI urpa1lT'h TJ.llIlIUfiT'J> ayrnT1l-1lH)\f'3IfT1l II c'Le)J,IIIIeHlI'ft C'L nero allIln'l~a,llllTIm cnaJIlf, e£IIlenptll[f'HHO He .JUIlICnarI, If ocaxorenn rpaXIITII.

B'J>3paCTf,Ta na rne epymunr (U30yxnUIUI/I) ue3'1. III&.Iiil IIwJr.e J1,a ce npnneae WI, IT3B1lcrIUI l'PIlIIIII\U. '(1J oen-IIPYfO ce Cd\. rresnaan, nanro IIiJ.lIJI31l na1l rOpIIHT'h nOIW3IlUHH, Br'lf' B,!> l\l1lJIOnIHIHT'L nepUO)l,1l. Cpmnamrero na HYllIlllY,lJlITJI B1l 1I3n1lcrrIlf TI{lOIie fIa 11[e II3UJX.IW.IIJIJI IIlI )J,ana ll'j,311IOIKHOCTI. J\1l 31lIWI01J1I1II'I>, ue Til ce Cd\. npOII'1.IIJIlanaJIU OII\e

IrL npunero na EOI\eUl.. . ? •

Y)1,OCTon1lpemrero na J'CJIOllnerO lI[eJr.)I,y epYllTIIllIIllr·t IWilIr.HU na JICTOIl'1, ocorienno npa AMTOC'}., omre na Cp'hAJUI I'opa II naR-IIOC.1t., OIIlIe, o(ipaaYIOII\If cJlllepmIllT1l CII.lJOH'L na Bnroura llraccn on iUl!W3JfTemrJ:i U3rJIe)l,'I, II ocotJelIHo npn 'BucRep'J, II .1IU.TIHHT.-II.rr{]Jurna 11'L aarrajJIll B1l.TIrapu1I, mo ce nosasnar-s n'£ C'MV(IfHemre C.'I, TY(VOne, oG03nalJenu 01''1 XOXIIITt'1'epa RaTO 1I1e.rra~HIpHIr ella.lIn, e B'h IlIlCORa CTt'IIem. IIHrepecna :'IlJl,a'la. Cnopers C'LCTOHHHero na lIaIIIII'f't Ct'I'<1II1IfII ;maIIIIJJ) crpyaa ce, IIIOJKN1'f:, i\OUyCTHIl, IJe n TPIIT'll npIIHal'\-,ru,Iiarl. I"MI'1 (l)(Ha If csrua cucrena; Cd\.II\O, lIe .r:e.nmaTIl nepnra II1l uamrT1; II rpFITJIBmrrt IIItcTa ce npOTIlRIl on lIepno lIIOpe )1,0 llI:BCTHoCTI)Ta' na TP'LIl'},. H np'j;)J,CTaJl.lWnU p/(nll .mnna ; 'Ie WlHITP.lJHOCThTIl nil P!)YHI\IfJITa ce ~ HPOJ\'I>JIJKllnn.:ra on TOplIH ripe/(Il 1(0 EOneH'1 If J(OPU 1'0 e npnmmaaa, xoraro nan-noc.ilt)1,IH'TO f.'£3UYIK,VnIlie na repnamara J\'tHTe.rrnocn, nocrnra Jf IW J\IH·Cf,. EpYIITUBIIJIrl; I\a~ICHIUI n.!IIlIIIlIIlI HIl EpaliHIIfi IlCTOIi'1 C~ II3J~l1ra'f'L OT1l no.uITi; na ourp£II~aIOIl~aTll EypraccRIdi.r'h !-Jll,UIIl'L panrnnia II ~OCTIlrllT'L na lOll )(0 nopero, xaro nnspnnara, ('RHO. IIlIlPORO npOCTpanCTBO OT'.b· crapm'pnCr<lJI.lUIHHlr UJIaHJIHII. Ta'HI panasaa lll)'h)~CTaBmIllIl P)VIH'1. ::la.lHIB'I, 01'£ Tepnnapno xop«, no nOJ(oiine na OH:nI, IWHTO nil. ctnep'1. OT1l BIl.!IRaII'1.T1., ]r1 np1l)J,t.Jf·LT'L nil Bapua, ce npOCTJIpa na 3anall:1. . R'b 3el\HITfl.' C'B1l01'»lHlIT:.b' 33JIH~bn1.:R{·/f,IiH.ii CJIylJaM e Cdl.IIwcTnynan B'£ Eonerrono Bpilllre (HYMluy.TIH1'CHa $opnIaI~]m na

'OT'1 Bapna), 1I0 e On,I'I, naTI'I"lIINI'1 Ollie El, l\rnoI~rnOnUH1"J. nepno)J,'1 OT'b e)J,IIonlOpe Co cpt)J,H3elllelIo xapasrepn, RoeTO no-m.cno e npmlaIIl'nJIO rlllIa .pa3a na ro.lltnlO ooraTCTno 01"b con l[ lIaM-C'hTlI'I. Dpnr.1l0 corenonpuoem, xapanrept (CnaHHO)J,OIlCInI naacrone II CapllIaTClnl lIac.lJ.aru). IIO-OJIII3IiII II IIO-TOlJHH nO)J,pOOHOCTIr xorars lia Ill! )la),a'l"1. 'cmIO MIIOI'OI'prITHIf nOC1HI(eHIIH na crpanata. B'l, lOiKHIIMT'J, aa.:uIIi'I, Eo-

J\eU'LT'b II CapllmTCInrliT'b fT111fioCJi no- neue paannrn. CIIalll[0)J,OlICI\I!r1~ n.lHlCTOL(\ narrpornnr, Talllo ne lIIOraT'1)J,a OJl)WT'L aacmr;rLrr.JICTnYl3aIHL Ho PKBuna,1rHTU na I{oHI'epcIHIT'l; naacrcne, crpyna ce, )ia .'nrnCBarh H na ctnrp'1, H na 101'1,.

f~a pa3f.:W!\ime cera no- nIIIDIaTe.1IIO rrptJrl;.IT'LTD .1J'l;ifialIl'f, In, 1\ P a iln U a a rr a )J, II a Ii '1, .11 rap II JI.

TIKa rrpt~IIHryBa, I>aETO IW3aXlI:e 1;1, Ha'Ia.IIO. r,iun'" r;,IOII'j, OT'I,.

Ayuan'1T'1), lIIfJl;J\Y MOIana II TlIlIIOK'b II no-nararam, 1IIeili)(Y l\Iopana H. 'H!Imana, xaro nr.pnn na "IOfOlICTOI\'J" Rolho CTOIf ll'1, u:m1;cTHa CIIph3KU en, na ctnep'r, OT'L ~yuaE']'T']) na mr-1 nptllUfHarmIOll(lI Banarcsn IWIl: mum, no clIope)J,'L rrOCORUTa efr (Tn nannrnr-s rrp'l;;\,t"Wl,) ~Io;fie I\a ce CllI,pa,e (,,or, )(JIHapCNIl'Ia CHCTe)Ia.

~'!>;nT'J, nil IOn 01"1 HUIII'bnOIW3na )J,Ba )(O(,Ta napa.Jlilt'.IlIIO npo- rmWIOII(II noacn, e;\IIU'L 3aIIIl )(eIl'b OT']) RpIIeTa.'I.IlIIlIHH II1UCTlI (l'II~iic'I>,

MHfiamIICT'b, X.JIOpliTOmIICT'b II .pHJVIIIT'1) II r;(lilIJ, ncrouem, C'1CToaUfh B'l, no-ro.rsnara en 'laCTI. OT']) lVI1;JIOBIm naponunn, ROllTO o iipa::lyna'f'I. oumnpllo naaro. Hepnneacau, sopa.ronu ][ ImnpOTlIlICKII rml)OBIIl(H IIlrnoo.llll)J,anaTl" 1I0 nam, ce paauaaari, ntC'f,qJIlIBIr EapOBJII\1I II rr.!IO'leCTH naponmm, nasro II BprRlJIIHHCIUlIlapOHlTl(II, C'l,;\hPifillll(1I nllpomrrllM OO,H11"b II KPIIIIOHiVI. lIa ~IHoro 1II'nCTa IlOilo 'I'l;x']) ee noanauari. nacaarn OT'h !OpeRa .pOPlIIIII IIJJI, ROIlTO 0'1"]) CHOil crpana IIllli'i, np1lTril;ahllT'l, '1.!IelIOBe OT']) I(O.lIIIIIM TPlfJIC1,: no,mOEU/(Nn, BUPOEllKl, If llrphrn'l, nt('VIHlII\T,. Cp1m(aTll na rra.1leoaollCIiI! nac.rarn e C'hllIl!If'f('.mll. Ilapen, C'J, napoBJPIllOTO paamrrue rra lVl1;.ITOBIIaTa .pOplllaI\JlJI 1II0fan i(U ce npOC.!I'i>!(aT'h B']) To1l31I np'!>wl;.:rT, T'])ft CJiIIW II rri,C'I"lHJII\HT'I;, IiO][TO ee xapanrepaanpars OT'IaCTIf qp'l;3']) 0pOUTOJIIIHH, 'WCTr. 'Ip'l,iJ'f, euaornpu, iipaxuorro-

... )J}I II oe.1Je:lnUfTIT, saro cp1Wmi1 II ropllIIM Heosoxs. Ho In. ito-noBIrr!> np'l.mella TaKOiJille II rOpHIITa ripe;la lIIOiNe !(it ce .)\Oliaa;e B'f, TOJI nptlr1;.IJ'h (}[rifii\Y CO(jHfH II Tp'LII'])) II TO In, e.ilIa c,iipa30BarpjIllll .popna, Romo orronapn na I'ocancsara .pop~rarVIH If l\IPili;\y )lprl'O'fO nonaana OpraIIH'JeCI\l[ OCTa'f'hI~II, [\oUTO ce C'l,]'.IaCJlBllT'J, C'L llaXO)(JIIIUIT~ ce E']) He~IOpCl\liTt, ropne- I\peTaI~eMCmI nacaarn na AMKa n']) BaROlllI H ("]) lICTO'lHO-3.IJIUmClmnTb I'ocam.. .Ilopaasresno nnreane oopa3yBa ocaaorenara.. OTwn.1J.ena C,T]) IlIIICTHIIliT'L "''Il0HC'Ii . I'pttl1mllR'" na PYH"H;JIRIHfH'a

-

::.26

,

1Ia c1Jnep'b OTI, TP'bIl1> , ROJITO ce n3i~IIra ]\0 1 712 ~1. nncmuna, 'lIlJI-TO lIi\l\1t e oCp isonana OT'J:, a~1(lmOOJI'b-rHeRCI, II 3a6y.'leHa nitOIW.IIO Cl, me:-IOaOll'Wl'Im naC,1J.al'u .

. :EpYIITIInHll'rt Im~II,HIr OT'J:, aH/I,e3UTCIm npnpma na IorO-lICTOru, CLK I;e'H~ cnoxenarn. RL rrpt)\t,'l'I,TL ua qmJHlT'I,T'L, ooa'le, a CLK\l~O Ii 11'1 Jllt,10nI10- n'hc'L'lHUHT'L npt,!rl;,'l'I, nrparm, po.ta II xnoro TpaXIITlUI rrpo- 6JfJlllUllH II nil rpannnara na ce~n~IeHTapmrra <pop~ml\UH Cptll\y (~I1- .1HTLT'I, ce nao.no;\ana II eiwa J(lIaOa30mWIa CRa.la.

TPHXllTllT'lJ na B.'rHClt,\IIl\fl npn .lJ.'l,cKoneln, .1I'tmaT'I, na qilI.!IlITJ" no onue 1\'1, ~ItCTHocThTa TP'1,H'J:, JI't;I;aT'L 6.nmy 1\0 IPOP3Hll\IIOHHaTa rpammn, liaTiTO II TOlI,'lIlT'h 1I3Bopn ua Bamr npn HUlII'h.

AnD oe cpnnnu pe;{'1,T'I, na TIle naacrone COL onne nil 3UUH!\IUlilT-r, :Ba.nmIl'h, TO HIe ce OIlilillan, ntl\OJI pmJ.ilmm. TO'lHllIlTI, KapOOHOIl'l, xoPU:JOIlT'J, na IIOC.lt;\IllITf, ,1lJII1CBH, Ba.IlXlWnCI\II'£B n1,C'[,llIlUl\1I )\0 Ct'TU C_¥" neH:lBtuHII. lIppBelIlI'r'l> nt(,'J,lllIl!l\ll 11 rrMHOBH;\llIIUT'l, nnpomnrr, ce c]'- 1'.'Il1CJlBGrk '1'11[\(1 ('LKlll,O ce naxupa II ,lJIIHC'J,- norrepr.. IJiHn.1leneHlle'I;o JIll IipE';vrra crou I1'I, O.IlBIW cr.r.tacne cr. napa.iLIE',llllUTB lIOHelI, llOJITO ell nOlia,lIlil1"h JIll m;[,IlUfIT'll (,KIOlIb na Gn.IIllim-LT'h npn Ilumana (Tl'mCIw) n npt,\t.l')''f'[, na TInIOII"k hOlITO OOa'lE' oopaaynllT'L nenncptncrneuno npo;,\,[,,1il\eHne nit IorO-llCTO'IlIO epbocmrti ~l'b,:rOBeJn, reppens. Tepmmpnn nil(j,:lilrn In. lI'h.Il'apl'liaTil 'J[lCTh ua Toitm 1\.:rDIU, ne (',¥i ua}['];peIlJ[ ocntWf, Oc(UIO'H'IlI1 'IilCTO aexnu GYPII (lia<pNIILU) 1\ll~Il'}mOllLKI\remIlI noraouunn. (>1, ronn nne uxane np'l>;rI, HilC:), p;imn II.'lHUllllCl\IIH: lUOU'L, IWl1TO nI,plm on eiUw crpann OTT, !~YHan'LT-1 na IOU 110 nO<1lrTt na CmjmiilmllTIt sor.romma, no on !\pym 1,'J:,31'b IOr'h TOll ce npocnrpa 1\0 npt;rh.II'hT'I, na ropuero reiemre nil CTPPIa II ne!'iHlI'rh nsnopu, 1'1(,1>'1'0 npn )~YIInnna I\i\TO i\il ce CllhplllBil B'L IiolIonmmTil naaunua, 3,UlHBooopa:mo O],P Jiill ern, 0'1'1, lIIaTepUI\OBHTh nom! na uo-crapmf l\:PUCTill1.'lIIlI!Ut naainnnr. Toliau n,IaHlIHClmil Ii.lOln, BlI/ll1 ce KWfO 1\(1 e C'hnct~n, OCOi)PH'T" C'j,CTOHUrL B'[, IIdll'hl'T1Hl renennecua cnpiaxa (j'f, IhrIaTCIn1Tl; II,l(1HllIlH, ){ nplITllcIU1T'T, OT'J:, IIpO'reK(1lOlI(lIiiTL 3Urra)1,eH'1 Err,iII-mln, TOll e Gun paosaenem.. CIDIO eTilPlIT']; :mlcCIIBIl, 1\aTO ornre na Bepnomma J[ ]')'1\,11(}rpa;'\'llll\'I, B'], 3ima,\IHI!tn, ]liVmaIfL, crpyna ce i\a CTOllT'1 B'b llani,CTHit cnpsaxa C'T, llllICTO3 HII'l"i, n.tannuu, 11\0 m.pnnrr, na 10l"J:, OT'b T1;ClIliHUTi, na A)'lIall'hT'1 l\'b)I'J, TmIOfi'b.

y nonenarara }I1;.:rOBlIa naamnra no TOR31I ni'UIH'J:, CE' aBHBa e1,lH,PlllCIlIIO npnruonara II nll,\mVICHll ~H~;I;iW IIBit llpnCTUJIJIlIHHlI l\.~onn, xaRap'l> ue i\Jln.IenHeTO na 101"1, ne OTJIBlt roauosa JILl l\lVle'l'h, mU\TO 1\'1, 3aO't.Th;1\IITe.IIlIITt Banarcxu Ha;WH,[eUH TI.lIaHliIUI,

Ocrana HI[ cera lIlt norosopasn, 311 c'hncpnOTO 6a.1lI'ltnc!,0

l'eOJIOrll'!CCKllII O'!epK'b.

'27

ptll,3ClIle.Hle. On, !\ll)\euurt ;\0 cera U3,IIOiNCIHIiI 1ille. ~IOll'ieJl.'h j\il H3- BeiJ,CMl" 'IC Ba.lII1aH'hT·I>, none In, aanannnra 'mCTh, 110 nairr. CJl1mCJI'b . na lICTOI\l, noxaana nO-CTllpII q)Op~IanmI~ BbPXY IWI1TO ,II1mHln nt,C'[,IIHlllIJI nil Itpc/WlITt nraorone, IWlITO n'I,l\CHTptWHilTIl 'lilCT[, nl1ml11UHnara OT'I> TPOHHCI\l1aTJ, Ba,IlKllH'r, na nCTOKL nOCTUraTI, IIa IOl"f, 1\0 npn-

)l,t.jI'hTf, IItl OIi.!J.OTO. .

Ha 31lntlirf, c1>Bcpo-Oalll\llJICImti.Th Mt,IIOnCIr1 nonC'h nxa 1I1,VIKI1 IlIHpouma, no Be'IC nO!r1 RP1l1ItlHCIWarh l\IeplI!waH], cnano CC pncunrpnna II nOllC'1> np1,)(,h noacr, .Iltilm on, c1JBeplIuHn, eR.IIOU'f, nil mamrnnra 1\0 paununara, a HIl lICTOIr]' ofiilc~Ia I\1,.IlaTa umpo-uma nil wmmnraTa.

Ttan noacn cnopem, pe:rr,T[, C£.: nOHC'!'TT, JUt IIpiJOO,!Ia!\illOll\lItiT'h nepreaom, umcrr, co}, tUIIIIOHlITIl II I{pUOI\<'paC'1> (npunuepact, Jt.:m xon.llJrn-l'pIIIITOl\epac·h WIaCTOIW), IWllTO ce IIpOCTllpaT'I, OTT, llii,lIillUuVl na aana,Tb, r,\tTo HaH-rwnpt,'rI. ru C Il1DI1>pwn <DCTPp.lIl', ljp'hirI, 'l'pnnu'], II Eseaa 1,'L:\!'J, 0C3IaIn.-lla3apl, II lIIY31Clrr., Bt"Ie In, TOHill[ nonC'h ce cp-tm;rn, OT;\tmur !VIOHOBC OTT, 11.llnpOTlUICflllil napoumn, ImTO na ctnep'h OT'r. Tpoaar, u na c'hnep'IJ orr. raopoBo. E,\IUU, lIIIlpOln, ntl"Mell'!. noaci, ce npocrnpa na ('tIlel)'£'; TIoo.rl, C.I't;\B1l. e:\l!JI'l, ofinut-

. peIn nOJIC'I, on, ItanpoTlIHcmrfi napOBllIi"[" IwiiTo nr.pmt OTT, IOl"I,IHl .1lone'l'IJ I,MI'J, ThpnOllO II lIpt';n cTllHoofipmml1 rpanunu TIlLmiWl nit nilXOI\HHlllrl, ce Td~lrr, rpaneaooripaanu ILIHH!lIIlI n naaroeiipaauu pr.roae. OeooemlO TlIIlll'lCcrlll. ClK paannrn II'h M1JcTIIOeThTll ThPHOIlO, qtTO, pasOUTH OT'1, l~'t,l1l. cncrexa nYlmOTIIIlll, 1'1> npt,\coraB.iIJIB<lT'f, l'paHIl'IaIlIII:

CJI,Uil C'l> )\pyra CI,il,iIllCTli TpaIIl':m, II Il'h C£llW npt)1(' na ntI\Ol> M'l\eTo Tt /1,lh..IUORO npcruuarr, a naif!. na HPYI'O ::JaeI1I11,!"J, e;\no TBhPi\1; HUCm\{) UIlBO. CI'illI\eCTIlYIOIlIUlln Cj\llIICTBPfn. OT'J, rollau pO,!n, xapaurepr, nil th.TIrapCl{aT1t crapa CTO.!Illl\1l 3aBIlC,II nil ru.pno lIr1no OT]' TOBa Te[,TOHII'leeKO ornomemre.

Ha c1\Il('I)'f, mml, 01'1, Toli.;m nOJIC'I. nr.pnn nOHCI)T'I, na OpfinroJIIIUOBllii II'tc'!,llmm'b 1I mepre,rrr, OTT, 3arrain I\,h~[," IlCTOIn" Toft lIlOil\!'. ~a ce rrpOC]t;\lI o'n Bpana, nall-emIlIo ce pmJIllujJHBa npn .1J.onC'l'h If nIoie ome I\a ce 3aclHII\i'Te.!IcTIlyna npu ItoTe.rn,. Hairr. nero B'b II\'1'0- BOTO sanmno pacupocrpaneaae .1Jt,iIiilT'J) UbC:L'lHUJ(UTt II BapOBIll\1lT1J na Cpti1,HHTil I'ipe/\a, on I\oIITO CIl U3)\11ran ItilTIPOTllIlO' IlllPOBll'IIUlTt) CT't.UIf ua Iioe:mlTIll\ll, nil aanart OTI, HCK1,P'J" lWHTO Jl,OCTuraT'], nil c1mep'h on Bpatm. T't.3I1 Cp1WIIl ~It,rlOBHlI nracrone nort.narr, rroin, HOBliT!> uacaaru nil nmpnsara panna nnuua, IlOHTO BhpBlI na lOl"h on, )J,ynam. U OTJ, Bt.1l0rplWIllK'{, 'Hutb 1\0 l\i,cHHll.n opt,["J, na Blln He 1\0- 3BO~111Ba Illl ce II01\amaT1, nnsasnn no-crapn oGpaaoBaUlIil, Haa-crapurf .oOpa30naUlIH B'], oG.~aCTbTil na c'fiBepO-O'hJIl'apCKaTa pasunna C'I>CTtlBllT'f,

28

:nllmI~enolllI IHlC.IJUru, no I\oIlJO ~IOiKe l(a ce nosnae, 1!tl OOllIUpHaT1l sanama 'lUCTL na HCR,})PCItaTtl ROTJIOBJIHU,. OT,]) TII~roR'lJ )~O BIlT'L, eUBJIa ofipaaona.ra l'}l,HIl'I> IlIUPOK'.b 3U.IJUll'lJ, ROf:lTO B,}) 11,1WOTO Aa)J,eno npo'rezamre HIlHtPHO e UU,'I'£' nORpJIT,}) 01'£ CaplllaTCIWTO Mope, I\OfaTO· cera caxo rra Pllno ]\ltC'[O JUoil;e C1, TO'1HOeTh )(<1 ce 3tlCnU!('BTe,;'1cTBYlla Cpt)l,II3el'tIllOTO xope 1),J, Tall OU,laCTf" a lf~H'IIIIO npa II.!ItneH'1, l'l\tTO' ome <fleTep,rre e Hllllltpnwb ClIlIL xepreas., llOflTO HUWI.JIHO 01TOnaplI ua EaRenclmti 1'ere,II'1, iWPU ce cp'Im~aT'b eRRJlEaJIeHTH na .1Ief:lTauclmit BaPOBJIIl'I:. mlJl.'£ naJ.\enCIUJIlT'L rerers, ROll1'O nOIW.3BWf'1 nCTUIICIUI RapaJIOPll~OBII RJI:\OIle. Iio,:mo lIa)J,i.VIfVl'I, ce e IIpOCTIrpa,'W raa no-crapa KOTaonana, He lllOilH', I(a ce orrptl(,B.JIII, noueae OTHOClIIII,HTTI ce nacaanr, C'b· ~CR.lIIO'leIIlre na JI.'I1mrIICRIIR T'L 3i.1JIHB'b OT'L )J,'I,cHniiT']) Op1WL Uti BRT']) , JIta;tlT'£ saponenn nOJ~'}) naoaanrrs na CapllIaTCROTO Mope II rrO,l('}) MOille URTt r.1IIIHelllI nmCCII 01'']) iJ,lVlYIma.IHi.I m.apacn.. CapllHlTCRUTT. ofipaaoEUIUf1I l!'£' cnr.paaun lIIaCCII T'])M HeTO He l\IOraT'1 ce npocJI'I\)l,H' na 1I0- BLPXHOCTf,'ra, lIO 1'1. ce II,HIIHJJJUT'1 OT'1 BlTil,l1II1), I'j~1"TO oGpa3yBaT'h CTphMIUITT. optrone Ita )J,Ylwn'J;r'L, no-rops OT,]) BlqUH'I" B'b MHor06pOHnu 1130- JIJIpOBlIIm (o.:rY'WlI nom, ,)h)oce-l'm[JIrmriiT'L nonpmrs, RaTO npn Ap'l3p'b" npa .1I0]U'L }l OrOCT'L, e!(IIO nporeaanne upn l'R'I.T'1> II Ha11:-ctTHt npll HCR'I)p'L, IIpII rona npl! nOC':ljl)~lIe uanneaouannrf p1anI 'I'll orspnro ce noananars r.ranno no (,TPhlIHO paapT.a(lHII1"i> Jl,'£CIUI neTO'lIlIl 6ptroBe.

110 )l;-JlClIIrtin 6p'1ll"L na ll;O.HIlfIl 13llT'LT't) no- sese He ce cpt~ n~aT'J, II TYRU, ("1 IICH.IlO'lerure ua lmOlllrnannt Cp1>IVI3ellIHOl\lOpCIm 0- 6pn30naJUIH, 1Ia ro:r1\l\IO nporexeurre ce noxaana ropmIH Mt.1l'h (Itpenu), RaTO oGpa:3yua {'i\HO oiilwa,eHIl{" KOr.TO na 101"1, :lHa'lHTeJIHO ce paomnposana. TYIia C~ lIulIlUIJaT'L (;tJ~IJI naponmm, IWUTO .IJ'!;murL nO'!TU XOPII30JITU.'lU0 II C'1)1~"plKilT'1 nCKOIIat'l\III, nauro 1110 TB ce cptU(aT,]) B'J>. e:tIleposanaJl,mdh'1 ellpOUpHCRlla 1\11,_1'1>. Ihl\I'L lItTOn']) Tt, nporraaarr, 110)l,'L f.HfHemrfiT'1. nOllpm;'l) II ce millBJIBaT'b caxo na )J,i,CIIJIMT'L CTP£MeJn 6ptn HIl }l,O.1HlI flnrpa na c1mep'h OT'1. TJ)pnOHO.

IIo'lTU Ii']) Q)1W1Ta ;ut'lfi}(yllCH'hp'l> If }IHTpa .;1'1>1£11, - Tona e. eana OT'L nopnanre.nnrm uepm B'£ reo.rornnra na l>'Mrapna, - l(tJI,]). e)J.JfH'L pf\il,'L tiaaaaronn epynrnnmt rossn, ROUTO C'LCTi.llHIT'b OI;o~IO 40 lnI.JIO.MeTpa )J.'b.1fl'tl ]WPlll'a na IWlIII'lI'CRH IVIaHIIIUI, _ OT'L NOllTO naR-3H3- '1HTe.llHaTft na/l;aau ll,OCTIIra )(0 110 Mf'TpaOTllocHTe.mfl llUCO'IIIIffi. T't lJJ,pnJlT'1 01"£ C. 15" 11. l\'h~n. 10. 15 II 3. II )'lm;ma T'L aa e~lIa P,&JIOOItil nYRIIOTIIUa n'I, II.1IOCliO-TpaUI';3000pa31IaTa 3e;IIH. TYKa IHl HWL lIe1KJIY lim'}) II HHTpa OpfiIITO.!JIIHOElIT11 naacrore oupa3ynan cnaepnara rpannna sa .T1JllWJUlIT't ll,HeCJ) nOJr1 ~1r,(]COlmti1'1nOI\pnB,]) lU-tJIOBHII mmCIL Ho 'Ie 1"£ ce npuornparr, )l,aJrC':l'h nil CTIIWP'I., npoII3.HI3a OT'I>

Feoaorn secanft Q'JepIi'b,

29

, lJe Op6UTO.IUfHOBHTt 1l.Jlc1CTOBe IfCQe3Ban, IIO,Tl> rOpUIITc1 I\_P6;I.<l no noaparara C'I> 6aaa.JlTOlHI ROHYCH )l,HCJIORaUI{(}IIIIU .JIIUnm na )Itcm ce lfUlIIHpaT'r, nIiJIID'lelHI nc1110BIIO-OOJIlITCIUl: 0pOUTO.JIHIIOllII JIJIliCT,One, ua NOlITO OTl'OnapJIT'L C&"IlI0 II BapOBJII~IITt npn CBIImOBJ. II

JlIfTpa II I.t;YHan'L,

l\'LM'f, lIO'lTU nerrOK&..THc1TO JltJKUmara 11pe;~a nplura!(JItiI>aTJ. HeTO nJIc1TO-IIJIaHlIlIlITt npn IIIy~reH'I> II IIp ORtl)l,U II , OT1, ItOllTO nspsarf CTO.IIT'I. naro nonma ecreernenna RptnOCTL cptIllY .JltcmmrllT'L Baaaant; a naK'L nOC,llt;,UIITt C4l. 3au'tJItllUfrB.'lHI1 no cnourn nOeTII'IeCIUI ipOPMH, nenese ce HIHIBaT'b paeszcann JIll. /l:&.JIOOIUf IIOJIOne II CTPI,lIUnI naro crnaa )l,O.JlUHlI, IWlITO B'b r.IU!I'I.I-11. 05e:n'b uaynIlInaT'L ItanoHl~miT:t o6paannamra na i\a.1.elIIlUaT'b 3Unll)l,'L n'r, C'lmepnll A~IeplIIm mIH ypnuTt ll'h

3It.romrnHT'L npt)l,tJI'b na IOJEHliH I~PHllI'L.

lIo~'I> TIre, C(HIO Ilpt3'L nepruaa . .lIIIH Il:BIIllleIIIIII paCI,,¥,.caUII 'IMTif na et.Bc.pnll Ih.~rapIIJI, CC nOJIR}milT'1> panna .II'1iI:.aUVI nacaarn 01-1. Cpt~lI11 11 Il,O.'IlI1l Epeaa, liOlITO IIO-IIptJ~II 6tX11 XllP1l[lTCPU3IIPllIIlI. BhllXY Hc1Tc1rll11UmIlT'L nee 1I.JIOCIW3NleU'b nptAtJI'L l\Ie;lil~Y Pycce- Bapueacaara JliMt3HlIUll II reO.IOI'I!lleCInI rrpt]l,U 'lCTBI,pTlIHa n'LlrI, JI3CJIB),nanllr11 orb Ilerepci. fJ,OOp)'Nr.a nne paonoaarase C'L TBI>Pi~1J l1IilJIIlIT cBt~emIil, IIO MOiKeM'L na ce Wl!,tBa~re, ue II Torl;m IIl)tJ~tJn, CI-mpO IlICnOJlY'lH utliOn nomr ocnbraeann. E~IIO I' TlH,PiJ,t yoranoneno, 'Ie ryna 01"£- PyellyU'L na nMY 1I.IIlCTOneTt na ropaa lOpa, « IVIuepilTCIm naponmur», otipaaynaT'1 ('i,n1l TBhPirB ofimnpna rpaneaa, IiOHTO lIIOiKe )1;11 ce npocablUI npn Pacono, 'Iepna-nom n X'I>PCOBO, a C£.IJJ;O n npn nOJUIT:B na {lepno nope O"UI3Y 11,0 HOC'L nIU;,IlJI, If raua UCTO HOCll nCIIOI'.£.THaTlI nIt.l0BUIl uaacrone, l\oUTO TptoBa )J;a OTrOBapJIT'L na UUOIlepanIOBHiiT'h XOPU30IITJ. B'L lllyxaencaara II IIpollal~l1ItcRara I~pe!~a. 1I3'b 1\pe~aTa ua saaapa-eeepo (C3 OTJ. I'lIOcTeH/lir.e) Ilerepes none lIaBaIl,HJl'L HCKOnaean, I\OIlTO ce nallnrpilT'L RaI,TO npu IllymeJf'1, rasa II nO~/l,a.Jlet1'1 ua 3aUa)l,'b npn nun, Hairr, T'tX'h na nnoro lIrtcTa nam, .!ItiIiaT'L C'I.nspurenno raaaun CapMaTcIUI nacaaru, IlaIWUTO TBhpnt RCHO ce nOK<l3- nan B'b Cnnepna Ih;rrapJUI na Bana;\'I> Il B'L cpt;~a:ra. HaII]_)oTlIBJ. WI. 1I3CT..KnaIOlilirliT·L C'tnepno 01"1> ropnsaaanara rpaneaa IIJIaHHHCKuii OCTPOE'b, IWHTO ce npocrnpa on nla'luIrL na 1011 11,0 lIepHo lIIOpe, ee nOI\a3Ba e!VI1l no-crapa OCIIOBIHl IIJIilHllHa, IWJJTO B'b cpaBnCIIIIe C'b IhJlrapnu nptl~CT(Ul,lIHlm 'lyilwr IICpTlL

Hall - P<lCIIpOCTpaHcnu Tytta ·C4l. l1IOll~[ur ae,1euu 1lIIICTII, C'I,C;WIIeIIl£ C'I> Il,Haoa:m, n.racrone, IWlIrO ce IIOlm3Ba'!"[' ua 101"[, 0'1'1, BaOa;\ill'J. H. xn naynumUT'J, 3C'IeHllT'f. uiacrn e'L epYUTUBIUI mtMI,HII, I\oUTO a:n caM'!. , CpnlIl,LL\_'[, B'L licrt'Lpcmtlln IIpO~IOnrL If nepHOBlillIfiUlln BaJIIWIrL. IIOirh

30

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HI\. rue crapn CRU.'IU Wb })1!rl'IIIHClmTll II.JllHIma ua nCTOK'I> ex. paClIMO)l((,IIH llIHCTlI, ut,C'b'lIUIlUI II Th~lHU napounnn OT'1 TPIUIC'1, KOHTO ce upopnanarr, OT'1 RnapI('I>- nop<pnp'I> 1I ]ue.'l1l<pnp'J) U ROIITO jiorar's ee epaBIHI C'b 3ana;\HO-oa:manCKH1"B i\I'tcTonIlX01K;,eHlIH, C'I> ncanoseane opnutauuero nit A.lIlUHCRH t'KBIIBaJt'HTII, BK.'IIO'lIUOllllI B'h. ceoe cn (it.Il'I> If.!II1. ClItT.IOtlepBeU'b napoBlfKb (naponmuu (ipeR'lU), KOIITO ocotieauo B'I>

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lian'h H m, /1,oiipYi~lIW. IIo~npb IIOC.lt)\OnH.1JU n;mOBO xopcsn nacaara.

MOPCTO ce e I10BhPH:J..[O IImn, IW3tl,\'L npt3'b .ifURCOBUliT'L UCl)IIO)l'£,.

llati-cTaplfTt npusnaiur ce np'll)(CraB.'IHBUT'J, B'1 Banarn, rrsro 1!'lmon 1l,II1TI\OBOiwn lIpnop1>JIaIn niuone eLK enouorna.rn aa ofipasynamWfO II;) ]W MC II 11 MT't, nLKr.nILUil.

CX.II(O 11 lOpCltOTO nope He e rpaaro HeIIpt,IlLKCHUTO; nne snaexr, "('I'll CiDIO II1;IWli 01"1 eTaihlITt na Aorrep'}' n Ma.'Df'L, llOTITO Haa-

--

35

.. .

xnoro C& pa3BIITU B'1 3ana)J,HUllT'1 EamlaH'r, II ~o6py)J,lIm, a nam HaMcJla60 B'r, HCTO'IHlIlln Baaaam., IOlE,HaTa rpannua aa IOpa IIaoolllO e 6l1JIa 06paaYBana 'lptn KpIICTaJI)IIIHHlITt RaM1HlI lIO IOlKHIITt no.nr na Banram.rr, n CTpYBa ce )J,a saexa nO/IOUHO, HO nO-Ma.IJIlO npOCTpaHCTBO OT'1 npnmreornymuara TpmICOBa cpopnmll,IIH. TPIIHCOBIITt II IOpCI\1I 0- opa30naHIIJI, OO<l'le, C& B'L BJICOIla CTeneHI, pa3neOIITeHII; T'E ce vanaBan na)J,urmrrn BCJrt)J,{)TlHIe na n.!Iamm006pa3YIOIlIIITt,npOlICIIIeCTBHll 'IaRn ;W OU.!IHaTa BIIco'uma IIa Eamlan'LT'1 II 'WEn TpancBepCa,'IIIII pailOUBfIll <lIIHIIll C& pa3i\p00emr II )l;opn C:lrl>cTeHlI xaro nil .mCTBeIUUI' CJIOHOBe. IiopaJIOnlI II HeplIIIencRlI BapOBIIll,II, ImIITO MOraT'1 )l;a npt)J,cTIlBJIHBaT'1 eKBlIBa.IeIITII na TnTOII'b, ce JIBiIBaT"1 RaTO nan-nom, ll.lIeWb na IDpa, OOIl'Ie, He JI01RIlXa )J,a O&l\an r\OKa3amr B'1 I1CTO'lHnnT'L EaJrRaH'L, llaRTO II MamI'b .

Eina nurpuua TpaHCl'peCCIIa 0003HtPIaBil naorannanuero JIa ffp~;1Inll, on lmj:iTo upt;\t.'rL xnorn U&TII nO-CTapUT'1> OUpa30RtlHIIlI ncxeaaarr, lIO TaK1B'L na'IIIH'L, 1lI0TO IIII Hay3IJmaT'1 ClmJIIHmrrt oopa30mUIIIJI B1:. I\,apnaTlITt.

1'0.1'1>310 nplI TOBa e pa3HOOOpa3IIeTO na ~I'I>.JlOBHIITt nacsaru, uoeTO caxo OT'laCTII :lI01I,e )1;a ce ornece 1\'b~I'L lIpO~ItHlITt B'L Te'lemre na Bpt:lICTO, lIO OT'IaCTII C&1lI0 n I\'MI'1 C&ll~CBpt~IeHHJ[Tt uptoo.Ia)(alOllIlf BII~OBHlI pa3.IJIPHIIL HaH-I'o.~I1mo e CXO;~CTBOTO ua 1\0,IHe-l'i,pe)WIIT1, 0- opaSOBaIIIIJI. B'L ll,t.mnT'L np'l\l\'t.n lIlt ctncpooaJmanCmrHT'b Rpaii ce naxapars lDleHHO )(,K;100K03IOPCIlIITt nacrnru na HeOIMI'I>T'1 (XOTplffiCKIIH eram.), I-lOIITO ;(0 cera He ~IOlKaxa )1;a OJii\a'n )1;OIla3aHII caxo B'L sanamara Hpt~I1IlIaBaIOIua B'L IICTO'IHa CI,POIUI mamma UB'I> ~06pYI1lKa, noraro B'L BaHaTCKIITt II;IaHIIHII ~IOraT'L )1;fl O&)l,aT'1 IIOCO'IenlI eK,BIinaJIeHTlIlITt « Pocccpe.li\CHlI naacrone». ~amI noamrra Npei~a,· 'HeoIlOM'i>T'L, )J,OCTIlra ozmc )(0 npt)J,t:nT'.b na 101"1 orb ceraumoro oa.maHCftO 6IM8', e TBbP;l.t cnopao; IIORa3aIUITt ImT{) HeOI\o;\!'L ~lt:IOmm oopaaOBaRHfI ffil I()lRHOoa:nHlnCmI'rt noan II B'L CptJl,HlI fop a no rnxnara Jrf>3paCTh He (1& Jl,06pt orrp'l\i\t.leIlII, II Clt~IO naIICTIIIlll e ROHCTaTlIpanO cptmllfllrero na no-nncomr II.III nO-i(Oopt nO-IIOBII oripnannnnnn (IIIIOl(epll~IOBa I~~. XOPU30HT'LT1, na IitlnpOTIIIIClnIHTL BapOBlIIn He )(OCTIIl'a, Ral\TO 'ce'BK~, )1.0 lICTO'lHlInT'L Ba.IKan'1, II ;UIIIcna ImRTO B'1 ~o6py;~llia, rasa ll;Jrn· BanaTCKIITt lI.lamIHII. Op6UTo.lIIHOBIr c.'lonone ce cpturar», RarOlIO'IHem, on BantlTCI\IITt n.1aIIIIIIII )1;0 ][CTO'lIIIIlln Ea.maIl'L npu IioTe.IJ'L. Ho rne nun-HCTO'lIIII c.IOnoBe 'CTpyna ce ,~a orronapirrr, na rro-BlICOR1> ~eHO)IaHOB'1 opomo.UIIlon'!, :X0PU30HT'L. Cp'hiWHTtl lipe!(a, C'I, JICI\.'IIO'[e-

, Hn;e Btl EanaTCRIITt II.!IaIIlIIIII, ce npt;(CTltB.IJJIBa Wb l~t.llInT'r, rrpnsep,eH'1 aa (',paBIIemIC npt)1;t,TJ, Ilpt3'L ntc'L'lHIIll,[I OTL :xaptUiTep'I,T'1 na

a"

-

ItapnaTCFlHHT'h ntC'h'lmIR'h, ROlITO na MtCTa xcrars )l;a. )l;OCTUraT'h on lI,enoMaH'h )1;0 B'h 'l'ypOH'h. Br. TORa nptMe ua 100"b It nCTOK'b, mI~l{ ce, Ila ee C& no-mara epymUlInt aa OCHOBHHTt Clm.HI (Ty!jJone C'h ,l1HouepnMII IIpH AfiTOC'h ]I B'b nCTO'lHaTa' Cpt)l,lHI Iupa), 1I1I0I\epa~IOBaTa Itpe)l,a OT'h TJpOIICFla m.apacn, e TBhPlrl> pacrrpoorpaaena II )l,OCTllra OT'h c'lmepHaTarpane30BIr)l,Ha 3eMH 'lUff'h 11,0 Gp'L'llmTt ua BaJ).lWH'Lr'b. fOPHfI l\,pr)l,!l (CrllOIn) ce ual\llIpa B'L utJlIdh'h HaUI'!, spali, soraro C&Il\eBp'lnleUllO JIIUICBa B'h Banarr.. CBoe06pa31I0TO pasmmre na ripeilaTa C'b xapaurepnrf na 1'0pneOpalillM:CRara I'ocascaa !jJop~raIUDl 3Hae~rb cano OT'L llaH-l\pafiuuHn 3ana)l,'h. Czntecmenao )1.pyro-H'le uie e np'B3'b Eo-

l~eIlOlllIliT'L IH:'PlIO]J,'L. D'h TOBa Bp1me C& IIOC.TB)(Ba.lIlI CIWPOIllIIU epynnna '!'"

JIa alI)\t'.3l!TOIHnt CIHl.JIl[ na llCTOI,'L 1I na aanajn,, lIO 1110111:''1'0 ce e 0- rpannuauaro caxo B'h IICTO'lHUllT'h II oruacra B'h l~eHTpaJIHUllT'L BaJI-

liaU'h,., 1')1,1\1'0 ]l'h 11'Bc'h'lHlll~1I OT!, xapaxrepn na q,.1IIIlIorr'£C'LllHlI uaeaarn

.MoraT'L ]J,a U£l)WT'L IIOIla3alU1 n:IaCTOBe, (ioraru C'L CROfllnI II IItC'L'lHII-

lUI,. C'h)l.f,P1I\a1Il1I Hy~ly JUlTll.

C'hllhpIlIeUIIO OT.UPIlI're.leH'h xapanrepr, uocar-s IlYlIIYJIIITO- AmleOJIllHc lllIT't II.lla~TOBe ~R, np'£r\'lJJI'LT'h na Bapna CA.1l3i\111I'h). Ha aan3lrh )1.0 cera . aancna BctFlaR'hB'L Upl!3U3R'h sa TOBa, nanpormn, TOH311 n'l\I\'L 000- ,3UaQaBa e)1,I~a ocooeana H unrpoxonpocrpanua rpancrpeccnu na 10 l"L ,

B'h npt)l.'];,1'LT'L na CTapl{tiT'h lIIaTepllR'h, 1')1; 1lT 0 , RaliTO 11 WI, nenrpasIlJ1MT'L Baasam, Cd\. xoran )\a ceoGpa3ynUT'L llameUHOB&I'.1leHlIl[ c~IOiioBe.

1'i!)l'UTO TIle WL l\ellTpa:lIUlftT'h Ea.1lI\aU'h C C'1eJ\IIueUII C'h C'1]J,hPJKauur CJlpt'IlHl1 Clm.lIll) Gn:m lI;1,'!omeIUI na I'OJltlUl1 noc.Il'£~ylOIl\l1 _pa3l\1'£eTnUIUlJI, \\oIlTO ornnam T'Lii HMa.1eII'h, lI~OTO OTlIOCIrre.1IIO TO~lI\OBa ill.IlUfl,1I xaxennu Bd\.Ulnu,a 1110I';1l[ i\a npuexarr. 1I3I'JlrJl,'LT'I, 11 cBoikrBaTa ua

'lepHlI i.1Ult'I1Rn Il&r.1Jlm~a, E01\enOllJiTt nacnarn na IOr'I, .JItllmT'L, UO-

lI~ orsacrn, 1I0'ITH XOPII30HT3.IlIlO nmr IIpOCTO C& Cal\IO ur.anpauemr. O'r~.llel'O crana ucuo, Qe mIaHlIHOo6pa3YlOmllTB npoucmecrnna onie

'I.~ C;I;¥Ik',h nacaarara Ira EOI\enOBJIT't oupaaOBamm C& GumI B'h .1lIICOl\a eref.;. ,;q,~»)\'tJlTeJIHl!, no T'B np01l3Bemr B'.b BaJl1WH'bT'h lIIHOI'O 110-00111HPUU /;~~~J:omlqeClm l1Jl\I'I;neHllJI, Hl'me.lllI}la IOr'L, 1')1.'11'0, o oalle , npcerpanmrrs , TP8XllTlUl IIpO.10~Ill C& C£lIl\enp'tl\IelllIlL

O'l"L nonro crpaaa npn TOBa 11 )l.a cz, l\lOr,1l'I )J:a paOOTlIT'1 )1,1JlITe:lIuIT'£ ClIJlH, nOllC'L'f'h na .GUJUtaU'1T'h, {'p'B)~HnitT'1 noae'L na I\tJUdtT'h IiuIlI'L np1»)~tJI'1, e nalt-xnoro oue300pa3ell'I" pa3111tcTeU'L II HCJlt~cTBHe na TOBa IIOiWlrHaT'L na ropb ; otiumpmrrb Tpane30BU)l.1III nlacClI, ' omm na C'Bnep'L n CTUPUTt li'lHICTa.lI.IlllHHII aaccnna na 101"1 C& uoitcTeHlI caao B'L no- ill1MWl crenens II TO rJlaIlIIO 1l'L nepmxamo OTUOIlleHI1:e. i~OCToBtpeu'h I' npu TOEa q,aIlT'LT'L, 'Ie n'b c1mepUOTO rrpt]1,3elll('JIHe no-

36

rcorpa4mQecKnlt Dp'Ilr.IIe~'b.

- ..... _ .

r . P'~UM'",;"" 37 ~:;;'~~, H~ 1\0 cera He ce anae aa Hy~lyJIIITCRU CJI0110Be, noraro na IOn Tt c&. l~(C' '·11.0opt 1I3BtCTHlI. CtBepl, He e 011.11'1 3aJItH'J.OTb EOll,eHOBOTO Mope, 110 i:; WI")) )(OCTa, II on I1crOIn> TO I\£JIOOHO e BJIII3aJIO B'J. I\nerllIUrl1n EaJI~ ;t KanClmli Rpali.

:~:,:. ,

," ApyrolIlle e B'J. nOCJIt)(YlOmHliT'L nepnorr.: KOTJIOBlInaTa na Ucrep'J.

()1;yuan'L) e on,m nnrpono aaanna OT'L l\lnoll,eHOBo Mope, na torr, II I1CTOln, , ooa'Ie, B°r, Me/IIITeppanCliaTa II capaarena enoxa MopeTO caao saJIUBOOOpa3IIO npOOUBa OT]) JICTOR'L B£.Tpt, Bl) 3eMlITa. On TOBa lllolRe iW ee 3aIW W'llI , se naXJIynaHlleTo na l)IOpeTQ e OUJIO B'J.3~IOlKHO no-pano na IOr1J II 1I0C.Ii; na ctnepl,. qe na ctBep'J) ex CTaRamI ome II nO-HORll nelrrypoanlIII, rona IIOKa3B."l 3aot.rrtlKllTeJIHflliT1J pel\1J oa3a.flrOBlI Konyell na IOI"L OT1, Omnnom.. Ho IDIaJIO e n'eprypoau:rnr, ROIITO mtCTIIO eli\. mor,1Il All ce pacnpoorpaaaaarn nanpsmr npt3'D EaJIlmn1JT'1, I\aI,TO nosasna optutamrern na Oa3a,1T'I; npn fIOcono-lia3an,'l'DK'1. B'L czutoro Bpt3Ie nannpno e rrpOII3.1[t3,1a IIpootraIOmara on sanam 1,1J1lI'r, IICTOIt]) Tep~la.T[Ila .:llIIIU}[ na IOn II Tep3laJIHIIT'B II epyuTIIBHIITt, .1JJIHlHl OT]) 10M In,l\If, C3 B1J l\lopancKul1rr, nptl\t.IT1" IIJIII none rroc;I'B)VinliT]; aurs na TtXHOTO nponcxoaremre. Cpaenennero C'L )l;a.rreq'J. na acrom, JI'B lK .'1- mwrt semI He lllOlKe /la' o£./le cnspiuenn, aIW ce He 3eMaT'J. n'J. "npt/lBIr!r£' OTIWII\IIT'B na oruonreanara na l\IIIOI\mnrOb Bl, nCTO'IHa Rb.lIl'apIIlIC'b onne 1~iY..'I{jOliO sa~BarIIBaIOll~I1 epanHeHlIH R'J, I'LpuM'b, opasaenan, liOIITO, crpyna ce, C£. cnOCOOHII )1,a npO.1[tHT'f, HORa cBtTJIIIHa BhpXy OT)I'B.!lHuTt lJla3JI on III,PBo6IlTHaTa' UCTOPUH na ceraillHlIli nOUT1J .

• T[1lcoBe 1I JI1lCOBIIlI )J.b psera. B01:aUlIQeCKU 1I3CJI1l:lBanlIlI. XapaKTepHC1:HKa na 6'bJIrapCKam «jl.mpa 01:'h A·p'h BeJIenOBcKHti.

WIIlO3IIIla C'bBp1;l'Iemm II£.TemeCTBeHHlIl\1I ce oruaanarn OT'L Oe3- JltcnaTa nYCTOmh, IWJITO rn nopaaana npn O]'P30 np'B~IlIHyRauIIe na 6'LJlrapCflIIrB ~ItCTHOCTII. Tona, o6aqe, ce OTHOCII caso li'LlIl'T, rO.rrt~IIITt. paBHlIUII, )1,0,1IIHIlTt na JI3BtCTHU nJIaHIIHCKlI flOTJIOBIlIUI II OCOOeUHO, HaKTO B'£, IIClI'lKII ceraunm I1.flU npt)(IImHII TYPCKII 06JIaCrII, K1Jlll'b OKOJInocn.ra na rO.1[tllIHTt rparone. TOBa neqaJIIlO BUeqaT.rr1mne ce IIp1l~n3- BlIIma T'J,li C£.mO noon OTC£.TCTBIIeTO na aJIJIen nORpaR moccerara II na OT~t.,1JIl1I )lbpneTa. Ha crpana OT'b raannarf II£.Tl1ma, ooaqe, CIWpO seJlOBtfl'L IlCT£.IIn B'L OOillUPHII HIICKII mY1ua1III, a B'b n.rraHlIHCInITt, )1,0- .lJ.IDUI lIIOil;e I\a ce HaCJram~aBa na nemnWJItnmI BIICORII IIbPBOOllTHH JltcoBe, na nananro MOlRe ~a YRa3Ba IOlKua EBpOIIa. Pacnortaeanero na rona ,1[tCIICTO 3eMJIIIme na HOBaTa PYCClia ItapTa HaBC£.)I,yrOqHO e

,/., , . nOrta3ano C'b lI,Btreu'J. orIIe'laT'b.

38

OOlllaTa IIJHPpa na rupnrs, BIi.1Kl'lIlTe.:m0, ooalle, C'1 IIITCKIITt. nrymann, o<p<PIlIlua.llIlO ce ~aBa C'1 01\0.10 4'/2 Mn:.rr. xearapn (28,730,000 (hJlrapCFiII YHpam). 1

B'1 CP'I\~IJIIT1\ IrhKOJle, II'InIa C'1~nr£m[e, ropnrf Cd\. omm lIlHOrO no-ro.rrtMu. Ilposyra I' on.la ircnomnonara S i I v a B u I gar i a e, KOJI'1'0 Rp],CTonoCnfITT, mW.III ~a np'lnnmynaT'b no n.KTI,T1-, 0T'1 ).J;ynaB'b }\'1M1> TpaHHOBIIT1\ lIOpTII. 2 Ho nese pmtapr.rr, ).J;epHmlla~I'J, Jl1, nOJIOBUlla na 16-1'0 CTO,T!mre Ha~r£plI~n n.lamIIIIIT'£ llWJKiJ,Y CO(PHJI H IInPOT'1 raxa ro:nI n I(tJIaTa Ta~lOlIIHa lllt.CTlIOCn T'1M Oe3.Tllcna, KllKT() nae nuecr, I'lf BUJI;)W}II'. 3 B'1 nauaao na uamero cro.rtrne TYPlllfTt. UpH IIp'te.J['£iJ,Jlauue ua pa300MIIIPJeCKHT;f; I\.'I,piJ,jf~ll.uIIHeIlll 'IPTJ[ npolI3BOlKnaxa lICI\YCCTnl'lIHlI IIomapn na .TI;cOllPrll II 'lpt.n TOEa III' 3Ia.1Ii0 onycrounrxa CTpal!8Ta. I'oolli;llIll np1\!\H na ropnrh npU'lIIIIHnUT'I" I,aIiTO II no }l;PYfItTt eTpaun ua no.TlYOCTpOW1'n, Oe31rt.IIIHTt onYCTOUleHIHI npa C'BlJemIeTO iJ,I,pna, lllHoroopollHHT'll T'bll np'lWIH aa l\I.:.ra~OIIJIT'B IW3Mf CTa]la n nOlK8plIT'I; na Tp1;BaTa, npOU3IlO~8HII eceHI, OT'b CliIITUIIJ(II-OB'l8-

pH I\a l\o(mH'1"I, no-)wopO naenure. •

D1\~IlTI na i\I,pna II nO'lTJI o e3.il1YClpI CX; AynanCIlll'd; }1'llcTa npn BH)(UIl'b, .lJmma.IaHIW, Paxouo J{CmrtUOIl'L, ).J;oopY~lI;aIl(,l\aTa crenr, , TpaRUllClmrfl paHHlIIIlI If I1all-noe.1It.e~IIH1>.JilllpOI\'1 nOJIC,}" I>onTO ce npocrnpa UU etnep'f, 0'1"1 Pma-naaunna 'laI\'I,-I\d\.)I,t Ilnpor-s n Oiirpd\.lUa ~ynIIHllIIi8Ta, P3)~OImlpClla'ra, Coqmucli3Ta II Bpsanmnnara llOT,10IlHIIlI :{aeJl,lIo t'1 lIt.IiOll T)'Ii'I, rpamnamn mIC.OIIlHIn (saro nanpu. .1H.lIHI1>- WIaUIIn3). 11Ma lIrI\cTIlOCTlI, nrllTO TYX.lII neaars IIa OI"}'}Ih OT'b caana na )1,1'IHlH'bT'1 npn BlIiVlII'b T'I,H Cd\.tUO, nasro nanp, H npn C.UlBIJIfl(a.

B'I, pannmnrrs I10lipaH ptKHTt ce H8Mupa'1'I, rasa HeTO JIHEa)J,I1 If O.~8'1'nCTn ropu. H311-ro.1'J;~IHT't" cr.cronunr OT1> llI,PU][, e.rxn 11 rono.lIn, eCTPCTBeHUO .:l'l;n;an no )~YIIall'Ln, no 'It no- ne'll'TO IIPlIJI.il~JltlkaT'b ('1> OCTpOl:!liT'B II O,1Il'1'8Ta na PPI£HlHI, noneae oopa3yIOII~HnT'1 rpananara ruanare.rem, pallOJI'1 na phnara }IHHyna nospaf mICOliHllT1> O'1JIrapclilrt! op't,J"l,. ~lx;roBe Cd\.I1(O Hlua no MapIllW, no )lO.lpUl TYIWI\a II B'b

np'B)I'I;.1f'bT'b na }CTlIeTO na IlawlJIll. ~

X'L.1DIHcTaTa crpana, nanp. TI'J, Crapo-Baropcxnf Olip.£I"b, B1> ).J;e.nnop:lIaJl'1 lIT. H. II rO.ll'J;~Ia sacn, OT1> Il.iJaHHlICIUiTT, CWIOHone Cd\. no. RPWHI ('1, HII(,'I,IrI, myMali'1, KOi:l.TO I1a l\rfiCTa no paBHJIHHT'B np'B)J,CTaIJ.!HIIla u1mw IWTO lICn8UCliJlT1; II nra JIlUIHC IlIIT'B MaInnr. D'L.lIrapeTt.

\ ..

1 Br.pxy JJ1lCOB'bi\CTBOTO BIllliP;h III I'aasa 10.

2 Cp. MO€TO C'h'lIlHeHlIe He erstrasse von Belgrad nach Constantinopel 86.

B H. Kiepert, Hans Dernschwam's orientalische Reise, BlllKA!. IIPym B'b Globus TOM'b LII, Braunschweig 1887 C. 18.

I 1

.......

PaCTHTe.IflOCTbTa.

lIMl1n sa neronoro 00031Ia'leHlle oeooellHH napUiRelHIlI: III y m a JI 3. K 'L, r.dl.('ra.:rUH'I" x p acr a aan's, Ga.JITa.rraR'h, R'L npOTlfBOnOJlOllUlOCTb HU r 0 P 11, RHCOH'L .:r1lC'L. 1 IJo-rO,Tr.~IaTU l[atTh (''L(,TUIl.IIHB3.T'h IllH'lnI jlrli- 6m1II, pa:nIteeHII ("h (')rpal\,iUma (Rhus) ") II apana (Paliurus australis, ryp.lwpUlIa.:r,y.), HOilTO HUTO iKI,,1TOT~'LBTJllIrh, )lO(,TlIramnrr. )10 qe,JlOlrl"!e('.KIIH pacri, xpacraram. ce npocrnpa on TOTI.lIlI'l"1l HfH'liU IHIBlll1HH IIpH Gyp- 1'ae'L II Crapa-Saropa iW TLPHOBO, Bapna, Paarpam, 1I 01"1, lHm;eilOHHH )\0 II.IaHllH('.J\UT1, )J,YIIIIIUlIKa If liIOCTeH)\lIJICl\a 1\0TJIOBIiHlf. Kpai111e l1:menU)lUH'I, G't.X'L an T'Lli CrlilI\O )\a ('p'lJIl\a3n, In, G'h.)[rUpJIl1 HaBd'l\.dI.!lt., .IIIO,I[lJR'L (Syringa vulgaris) B'h )l,HBO ("L('TOITHHe, npoat.rno Blrhlne ('.HHhOI\'LBTJfU\,L xpacraram.. E'L.1JrapeT1, YTBI,pifi)lUB1l'n,, 'IP Toii:m xpacrn owfieuIIo BIlptrr;n na pasnamnn OT'L rpaaone. JIo lIQivnrhnaiIlIeTO My OTh era po rpa;VUI('IW Iiy.:rrypno pacremre e ('"MIilHTf'JlHO; Ot'BtH"h no TBhp)lIIlIHIlTTI ('mum a:n secro ef,~Ih ]'0 BUlIi/\a.Wh II no lWIOlI,eHI1T'I, IW IIpUrreR'h (nplI(,ou) ('R,IIOHone OT'L I\ntT'!, crpann JIa Ga.1]1\3I[('I\3Ta nepura II B'hH'I, OT'h Ta~rL 'HlWh 1\0 TP'I,H'b. «.iJJr.1[pl\onn repa » 'leno ce B'1('IT'tBa B'1 o'h.IrapCnIfT't HapO~HI! rrsrun.

TUIHf'Ie('IiOTO ~I,PBO ua TpaltJIu('l\aTU ~rl)("nm snprnaa e Op'1lX'hT'L, H00TO In oTJrh.II!H lle.lnmo~rlmmr eIi:w~ur;IllP][ (Ph dll'IP('TlI I'p,y.rmr 1\0- punn JlPJIlITHO rrptIi.dl.('.sa e)l,1I00opa:meTO lin PilBIIHHIIT'l" o('ooellllO Jl'h IIOJlHOJKIIeTO na rr.rmurmIT'iJ II Hep'IlJll\o ('e ('p];mn l'JiIlW H fin d\l~e.p'h 0'1"1 Ba.iIflIlH'J/l"L. t B'L l\o.nmnT1, ~lPlfiJ~Y Iia.mall"f,'f']' II Upt;\IlH I'opa, O('OfieIiHO npu IlaaaH.TLIi"h II C.'1lIIleH"h, erapu opsxu, iip't,('TOBe H ;V,iiiolle ce t'hf'i\IIHHBaT'f, B'L rrpuarnn O('TpOnOOUpUiHIJI IWPlIlL lh, l'iaaalI.'I'bIlJIrHT't liOPIIJI ce HnmIplln IItTO II Rf'('.TeIlU (Castanea vesca), HO O('U]\II"I, B'f, TaH aaunrreua lut,eTHOtTf, aa1, er,)[[, nr mrlRJV1}['J, (,1l~IO JIap'l;;\I\O no rpa~HHII (aanp. B'I, Iiapaono}; Hllrrp. R.m~HlT"l)'r·h na Ii IO('Tf'Il:!JI.iI'!, He f10- HOtH !IU TOBa )~r,PBO. lIarlb B'f. no-ron.ta 'laeT[' nil I1IaI,e;\OJIlIH TO ("hnanlI, 'oeoiiellHO lipan JOlRHOTO nOJlIIOiEUe na IIIap"I.- n.rannna, ro.rtm! Ollllt'3HI1 0'1'"], I'plf3eOaX'L .rscone. 3

1 3:1 Tall q.op~ra I'pyman'b, opilIIran'b, lIIpraH'b lllllRllb (IT.HleB'L, HapOA[H1Tll rrncna 1, 35).

*) TOH[t pacr-enae ce I'IMeHYBa na U"b.HRpClm Ollie: TCTpa (Tl'RIUJH). pyi1 (:laHltAlia B'L.lJ'apHH); na II'll 1>0 II M1lcTa ce HMellYBa l[[lpan'L H aupaxona III pIKa. Ilpna. 2 Oll'lem1eTO na Tl1e OP1lX!! OT'L rphURIl np'llAnpne)Ja'lIl, na illct ru IICKapBaT'L B'b lVlapc11.[JIH, Tl'1l6Ballle ila ce np1lKpaTll 'lp'll3"b crporu npaBWreJICTHGllIHI 3[1.npnureaus.

3 rIP!! T031! cJIY'lail sa np1lilynpf,nii\euIIe na 6£ilYllITiTT. n.KTCmeCTSCI!!Ifllnr, . HyalHo e ila ce cno neue pacnpocrpanenath-r, C.IYX'b aa Ci\Hlct "KCCTeHOBa ropa-: npll pa3Ba.WIIIIT:Il na llpncaaer.. A31, II nocnrax's li-l84: B'b ropaTa Kparl noaeruuun-s npn Tl1'laIlCKaTa K.ulcypa CTOHT'h H'llIW.1KO OKO.TO 15 ro~mHfm eKSellllJUlpU OT'h Aesculus hippocastanum : H1lKOH en r a 1l0HeC"b.:J'b II 1l0Ca/lIlJI'L KaTO P'llilKOCTh TORa )lhPI'O, ()6aQc, KaKTO IIO-Re'teTO nauru rpannucua AI,pBeTa, e aeiranncrno B1> B'bJIrapHH; 1Il'l'H RvbilllH R Ailuuthus ce cpnmar-s Ollie aapnnro.

39

40

Ilopaaareraa e lIO HHCKIITt lIItcTa II CK.1l0HOBerf. paCKOlliHOCTbTa ua nanranmra lIOKpan lIOJICRIITt lI£.TeRII, qeeTO il,opn WI) oeK£.J(HHTt C'L l\r,pBera R£.TOBe. IIan-paeIWIIIHII TaKIIBa an BHil,tX'L lIO etnepHaTa crpana na Po;wmITt npu Bpanuroao : il,p'ln[], (Oornusjnas), 'HurTO ro.TtlUJI II.IIO,\OSe ce t)l,aT1, JI1,tHaTa (Oorylus avellana), )l;peOHOJIl'ICTWIn JlIeKIIIll'1, u.rn .1I;elJl,~\TL (.Acer tataricum), rzori.rr, (Crataegus), t,)!pail,.1IIflaTa (Rhus), t'i'I,aJ,n (Sambucus) H I\IIRlI lIlJIITKU, BClI'lKOTO

.0or..r..pHaTo orL R'LllIIHII II I\Ia.!I HHfI , RUBH .1I031I, nannf (Clematis) II C'L- 1),lm;-r, (Convolvulus), lIO lI1e;I,;I,Y T'l;u, 'lepneIIlut rpoajonnnm ILlIO- 1\OIle nil. :umHeJlOTo rpoan.e (Anlill maculatum) n nc'l',flilIlRU 111 a.iIKf1 IVl'l',TYIll,lI pacrenua. C.KIIJ,JIT'l; nnnone ee ep1;u!,<lTT> II no npamnara na ropurf,, 'II'('TO allf',lIlO ("1, mllmUl )l,hP sera rmef'.:UUI,II II ('.[umr.

OClrf,I!'[, in, fj,t'.IlIOIJmmn ropu una caao no II.!IilHlIIUITt. Ih Ba.tnaH'LT'L nali-xyuan1lTi> ropu ,Itll;(ln na c1mepHllTa crpana; TtXFUITiJ HaltIl,lfBJI ~It(,Ta ('J> JlT, TrTf'·nem'InIHTT, Ba.imam, II melflil,Y ItoTewl) II xopeTO. 11('T1IH('WI ,1l'1;('J[!'.T1I nncsn WIaHllfUI t·£. Crpanrna II sanama Cpt;(lIlI Iopa. Bml'lIJT!'.II!II .Tl;('one una l'J>1I~0 1I na Pytl no ('}U,OtKUTa rpanaua. Hnli-nemI'I('('TBt'HHlI,[,1', IIf,PllOU1ITIUI .rheone (rrpaancose} nxarr, Para H

l'onoIIII'rl>. '

~Ie;l;;\Y .1i;eoIlIIrrri, ~I,pBeTa nall-DIIloro tdl. aacrznena il,d>.60ReTB C'L paanrsnn nruone ('&llI,O II II,PP'[" Quercus cerris), 'leno pa:mteemI ("1 OYKII 1I 1[('(111][ (Fruxinus ornus). Bi"IH03eJIeHH )I;£oone HiJ:lIa. TtmI ce ununarr, rem.pna nOKpan EreikRuli 6ptn, ril,tTo npn YCTlieTO na l\lapm\a ce ('p'l)[((a 1I nil,IJIOlletmlt ~ih5'L (Quercus vallonea Kotschy), 'JHUTO JI.TO;\OIle (i1ie.I&:\II) II unnra.nnr ce nCKapnaTT:. B'L rOJIt>~IO !\O,lIIf'leCTBO sa iuanemre J\OillIl; KJ,;rrapPTt 1'0 napmart, II a JI amy ,II; a, TaH il,y~Ia e nponarsaaa, IIO;\OUHO IITa.IlIlIHClmTa vall 0 11 e a on rput. ~:~J',*VLc(, ~:ZAcI:'ILo~C( >I;e,I£.11,11. JIl'110 pacnpocrpanenn C£ .lli'CORe on. rafiepn (Carpinus Betulusj lIa;n> ;\ihOoRutin nOHC'b nptil'L RtrPIRlI np'I',/I,I'0PIIII na lJaJIRan'LT'I" POJl.oTIIrri., npn Tpaunomrrf nop TIl JI T. H. BYli:-hT'L (Fagua sylvatica) oupaaYBil np'I;IrJ,(~XOil,][H ropn B'I, uenrpaana Cpi'T(HiI I'opa, R'L EepKoBJIllInHIL .10BIJaJn'rwii II ThpnOB('KUII na,JIKaH'b, B'L lIJ11UlTIHlfTt npa Tp'J,JI'f" na OI'OCOll'f>, PII,Ia II POI(OHlITt, ocooenno na rsxnara IOlIlHa crpana. IIp-tli'pat('H,[, IIar,l(l)('f, npt;\l'TaBJIJlBarL nphCn<lTIITt B'L XOPII30Hramn nOJI('U IIOJlr:Ii:I,Y nYItOBIITt II ra61'pORII rOlHI eptO'f,pUII JIlHIII (Tilia argentea) 1 ItOlITO IIplI BrtKo ~yHoBenIIe na ntT'1l),bT'b IIOI\a3BaT'L .nCRanara RO.lJHH 'JatTJ, na cnourf .JIIfnU, nit Pn.ra, nT:. I\aJIo~epermti, CJIHl;em:lmtL IIp1;(';raB(,Rull BnmmH'[' II T. II.

Bp'llilit (Betula alba) orcarcmyna B'I, IhJIrapeRIITt Jl.iJ:aHIl!f1I C£.mo T'LII, IWIao Hit Ilamm3'1 II.!1II na ETIra; ra ce cpfnua IIpheHaTO na

J

J

PaCTIlTCJInOCThTa.

41

. f.H,Ja, Barorua, POi\OnuTt U no BaJIKaH'bTb, r,~tTo oopa3YB1l, nCTO nit lIIa.lJKH Kopnn. 1

. XBoHHomICTHH (nr.[OJIIICTIIII) paCTeHHII no Ba.lmaH1JT'L lIMa pti\KO, Tt ce urpautrtanart cano Bl> OItO,1]JIOCTbTa na Hall- BHCOKHrf> BbpXOBe. Ha Crpamaa, Cptl\na I'opa, Bnrorna, Ocorom, IT T. II. Tt cr.m.pureano OTCd\.TCTBYBan. Ba rena nam, IIMa l(tJIII XBOllHII JI1;CoBe. na PUJIa H ncotenno B'b aanamara 'Jacn na Poromrrt. Hapers C'b oOprntHrt (Pinus silvestris), emITt, 'ICpnemrTt emr TImr C~Il>p'IOBe, npa rona II HHCKHTt cnp'IOBe (Picea excelsa Link., var, Balkanica Velenovsky na Baroma, cnopep;'L I'eoprnem, Cd\.UI0 II na POi\omrrt), anpte TYI\a qepHara ooplIKa (Pinus Laricio), a no-nail- BlrCOKIITt ~Itera, xaro na IIepHH'b, ITepircTeplIll B'I> ~laReiloHIIrr, nanro II no Ito)I'!, B'b 'Iepna-I'opa ce cpsnia 'lIIypar~ (Pinus Peuce Gris), IIprr rona na BC£;W i\Opn no HHCKHr'll MtcTa ce Cl,l'.lJelliil:an Haii:-pa:mu BlI;\OBe CJlplma II.IIH XBOllHa (Juniperus). IOlIinoeBponell(,KaTa E!jJeil:pa pacre ca~IO no optroBeTt npn 0030- no.n. II Bapna.

Ileacnrn (palloHIITt) na pacrennnra nall-j\Oop·t 3Haell!'b nue on OKO.JIHOCT1Ta na PUJIClllIltn, xouacrnps. B'b IIOHe'l>T'b na JIIICTBeJIIIIITt i\bpnera nO;\IIpb p;d\.OOmrT'll ropn, cJI1;;\naT'b pa:nrlicelUITt n, JIIIIIU raoepOBIf, nOCJrt 0YROBII ropn Cb nptcnarn epti\'f' TtX'h TpeneTmnnI If.[U JICH!>!I (Populus tremula). Ha ORO,[O 1000 M BllCO'HIHa aaxnautart XBOllHOJIHCTHllrt )l,hpneTa, i\0 1300 .'It oine paauncem; C'h 6YRII II JICHKTL Bnciuara rpannna nil ;~bpneTaTa JI1;;lln na 2000 M; OT'T> Ta~1'b na rops BhPBJIT'b nO,lHHII C'I> XJI1J3rana rphna II xpacn,e na cnpaxa. Ha ctBepJIaTa crpana na POiWIlfrrl;, cuoperr, ~-I)'1 )~IInl'.[ep'b, i\d\.iioBeTt i\0- crnrarr, i\O I\d\.i~1\ 700 ~t, qepneHlITt 6YRII )iO 1300 .1ft, nonnsora pas- 1I11;ceHlI ("I> XnOHHOJIIICTHU nr.pnera n no- BIlCOIW, HO ira nrBna XBoliHuitn JItc·r. Hal~)\tJIHBa Beqe HpH 1100 oM; Kpai1nara rpannua na )l,bPBeraTa JI1;JllJI Ta~1'I> ORO.[O 1900 ~t xopcxa BlmOqIIHa. 2 B's liOT,[eHCl\IIllT'b Ba:IKaII'b an. Ha~l1;plIX'h rpanauara Melli)\)' i\d\.Oone 11 6yKlI na 880 M ; na roil\JIHllT'b nWOIIl> na nepnrara nanp, npu IiaJIo!jJep'b rpannuara na i\"pne'raTa JI1mnI 3JIa'IIITeJIHO i\OJIY, BmJ'I~a ee, IIOpa)l,H crpsxaocrr.ra na naannnara.

1 Ilaasavs B'b rJIaCHIlK'b 53, 221. I'eopraem, C 244. H1lKOIit O'bJIrapCKIl nacareaa, He TBbPl\1l B1lIl1H B'b OOTaHIlKaTa, csrscear-s 6p1l3a (Betula) C'b 6p1lCT'b (Ulmus), KoeTO yaeao Epesa S'b np1lS'bCXOi\UOTO My ~Einleitung in die slav. Literaturgesch". (2 Aufl 1807 c. 136) S'b JI'blKOBHO MII1llllle, qe 6p1l3aTa e C'bBC1lM'b aeaaancrua B'h F.'b.'lrapllll. 3a pacnpocTpaseHlle-ro na rosa I\bpSO nOK33SaT'b II IlMeuara na M'llCTIlOCTH: ceao Bp1l31l (OKOJIHlI Hcspein.) II BP'll30B'b-i\o.n (npa Oroa), Bpssoua pasa Il'h 1l3BOPIIIlHT'b np'l>;J.'ll.l'h sa O'll.mu BIlT'h, KO.ii10H BP'l>30S11I.\a npa Iloatipeae II Bp1l30S0 npa Eaeua, rpall'h Bp1l3HI1K'b 1I T. H .

• P;-p'b X .. p;llsrJIep'h, .Das Rhodopegebirge in der Europ, TUrkei un I seine Vegeflation. Zeitschrift des Alpenvereins 1877, 195-223.

42

reorputplI'IecKnil: np1mrep;'h.

HaYQHOTO H3YQemre na O'b.lrapeWlTa <jJ.iIopa e)J,DaJI'1) noueea. C1>IId>THJIK'1T'L na I>ye np1>31> TIl.pBOTO IIlhTyBQHIIe 1836, ~lopaHcmd:{ 60- ramnrs :EJlI. tPOIn <DpHI~pnxCTa;ul, HITIiX,)J,t He tTtY.IIEa na rrounara nil eeranmoro lilIHil1e("fI)O, 'f'.bR e£HlO II fpU3eUau., RoiiTo 1839 OOTaHIIqee.KJI e n<lr.rIww.lJ:]) lOJlmrt TpanIHr, l\IaRf'ilOmHI 11 A.lt;arnm. 1 <PJIOpaTa na Ea.lJ:naw·mrl1 II Poiwnnwft np'h)rs.:n npr.rrs JIa(,.Jt~na 1871 BJIRTOP'b

• JfHlW, roranamem, li),("fOI:'1) 1n Beurepl:IWliT'b Hapoil.t':H'I> l\1yaerr. 2 IIoJl.Hpb onIOHaHUe'fO na liIHIEf't'fIlOTO napuMT'I. ml.cIl'pa)J,tRIfJi npoq,ec('op'1) llaH'lJIll'b npurnprre 1882 ][ 1883 ilJl'l, ooraHlfllfCRJI OOIIIio.:nm npsar, 3aIIIl)l,lW }l'L.uaplfJI no HHCO'II!IIJ[T'l, na Pn.ra 1I BTl ('IiopoEp'Ime 1I3Jl,an:e peay.lTaTlfT!; O'1"b TI,X'l a , 3 On, 1885 l~ - Ph Bf'.'If'HO]JCBurr B'I, Ilpara ce-

PJI03IIO (ie ail.lOml sa OOTrtlI1[lleeI1'OTO JI3(',rJl,\Bamm na crpanara, R'b rpn H.KTynamfH ("I.iiprt 3000 lHI]\a IT IT3JWl\~ Bf.pXY T1.x'b H'tnO.lIlO C'blIHHeIUIH,

KaTO nmrorosxa all (·.Jr('Tf'lHll'fIl'Jf'('JlaT.'1 qt.JOpa na Ih.JI'apmr. 4 fil'f,eTHRTR 60TarnrQe('Jia .nrreparvpa re np'll;\i"frtMlIllll orb elVIO ("J,'lIIHemre HR JIBa-

mona }I O'f'[, enua tTY,(lfJI IlhpXy Tp8lWWn;aTa (p.Topa nil Crf'<Jlam-. Teop-

fHeB'J,_ 5 DOTilmr11f'('nIiT'I. Y'IlI.'IlIU1HII PlhIWIlO)(('TBa ua D1.,ilrapeTT., no- neue-

TO HaO'bpao ucnapann npllnO!(If, OUle He nrrouapar-s na 3I'£CTlIaTR <pJIopa.

I'o('.nOJlJIII'J> !~- p'b Bf'.TIeJWJ3tIilIH IflU;1 aK)Oe:mOCTI> J(a mr nanmne l\par1)Wb np'1lr.IlP)('b ira O'l,.'IrapeIillrrt q,aopa, IioiiT() a:n Tpm 1'1> «pailna G,llilrOilapnOtTh Jf ("100Il\alla~I'J, :

« Ilpu e;~HII'b ouur1 np'll]'.If')J,'b na U'I,.IJI'ilpeIWTa (p.mpa Tplluna lI,a ce npann )'.JHlBlIR pa3.'lIIIiil JlH'i!iilY 4' .1 0 p a r a JI a p a B If II II II T t 11 HHCIOIrt JlI'tl'Trt If onan na n J[ t 0 Ii II T t II .'1 a HUll H. tlJ.:rop[l'fa na JIUCNHT$ paamnur IHUi'b ce paai1'!l.1H 'lpt3'£ ll;'J).IraTa Da.1maH('IW aepnra na )1.ll:B e'£B('.'£~rL paa.!Jlf'IIIIf oCt.lll("fJC, ('.1> Il e P H a H 10 iK H a.

1 Pe3y.1TaTl!T1i na nO-CTapIlT'Il ll:lC.lI'titB8HIl1l (Bye, WplIllpllxcTa.:rr., WpHB3.'lj(Cltllti, fl''':leOaX'L) C& C'h6P3HI1 y E. Boaccae, F'lor» oi-ientalis, Genevae et Basileae

1874-1882. .

2 KpaT'LlrT. OT'IeT'b BJ,pxy 'IeTllpeM1>ce'lIlOTO n,ll.TYBalme na .ffm!a BT. Mitth,

der Wiener geogr, Gt'sellsl'llllft 1872, 289 11 e.rnr. -

8 p:-P'I' na K1eil:rmIlIlaTa HOCl1tJi'h llalI'IlI'1'I. (1814) porojrs X'bpBaTHH'b H3"b llpH61fJl'h B'h I1Illl5p1>lItaaTa nO.mcn, xoirrn HMa ro,I'Illfll aac.ryr a aa eCTeCTBeHHOHCTOpnqeCKO'fO n:lyqeHlle rra Chp6HH II C'},ClI~HJ1T'Il up'lli(ll.llI 1:1 JWI1To OJ[.I'h SHCOKO ]~lIHln!'h OT'b BCIt'lfaT, KOHTO ro n03IlaBa.H1, ce e nOMIIHH.l'h B'h B1l.rrpu!l'h 1888 RaTO Op'tIlCT,/laTe.Jh H3 Cph6cR3Ta AKaiteMHll na HaYKIlT't. - Elementa ad floram prin-

cipatus Bulgaria Bt;.rrpall'h 181"13, 8", 71 C. (1l3'b r.raCBI1K'h TOM'h 53) II Nova .;"

elementa I1 T. H. 1884, 43c. \

• Be.'JeHoBCRlJ1r .. Ih·itriige zur Kenntniss derbulg. F'Iorn, Ilpara 1886. Neue ,

Beitriige zur Kenutniss der Fiord vonOst-Humelien und Bulgarien, ITpara 1887 (R'bCUII-

C811i111T3 na kgl. Liihrn. Gesellsch. der Wiss.] Resultate der zweiten botanischen Rei-

se nach Bulgarien (oaIn, Tall'h 1888). Plantae novae bulj-aricue [nam, Tal\!'h) H !lp. - .....

; 3BaIllOB'h (npllpa60TRa OT'h Jf3c.~1qBaHIlHTa na Be.llellOHCJUlI1) B'I, Ilepaoa.

C'llI'ICflHII(, .. lWllIlRlta 21 II CJllll(; CT. I'eo pmem., MaTepua.m aa .pJlOpaTa na IOlKHa Ii'hJlfapllH [Tpaaca], C60PllIIR'h aa lIHII. na Ilpoca. 1, 191-254.

_-

43

PaCTlITe.lInOCTJ.Ta nil M'l>CTIlOCTHT'B nil d;Bt'P'f, 0'['1) Bn.HUllI'hT'l" 01"]) BapH3 II Cu.JIUe'rpa ;'1,0 BU;I,IIH'I), If" B('IPIIW nan rr e rr e.nr, x aP a Ii T e p 'b, TJI (,'J,{'Tanlf IIpO~'I).Ia;f'mH:' on (pJIOpaTa nil PY }I,'h.IH'IW ~o6- PY)(ma, e!(HII'h paCTIITl\ITf'II'h xapasrepr., ltoi:ITO ('f' UpOl'THPil 1l0lipn(t !hnil13'LT'L 'JaWb 1(0 Bauarn II C.iIanOIIHlI. OlimnpfUI JlHBiUH on) TptH'L Tyrrl,Til~I1\ ("I. n.JRiRIIlI nrtna, I'e ~[tHynaT'L ("f, I'Y xn, Ollpa('.iIlI ("I, xpacrt.e X'1.'DIOBf'. Ha TY'llIaTil, nIlIIIf'I'Ta, 'If'fTO '1()}lHa Iro'll\il, 1I0-I\P'WTO. JlO np'llllMYIIIP('TBO npnromn aa ;If'~Wt)irJ;,imp, npt;;],· npo.JrJ;THHTt ~rL(,f\I\u llnpf,e. lIIIIOil;f'('TllO ;IYIW!llPII!H II rpY;('l!'I"l'If ]lilt'T(~mm (Ornithogaltun, Crocus, M uscari, Orchideae, J ris). IIpJ;;n ]'OptllI,OTO .TI;TO napaena 6YllHa, mrcoxa rphna, na}rteTa nt.'il! npocrpaucrun :;aPTll orr. (')1,111rr. IlH:\,b (nanp. Aprexnanu O.lll[;JY :(0 }!oPf'TO). IIpLI.pannr (:tIlIlHlWllwkrIII! pacrenna (Urubeltiferae), iie:;opolillll ('];PUI![I,IIl\U (Sileneae] ~l 1\11- pallqm.m (Dianthus) II uoraTh 1I3iiOl)'j, 0,[,]' If(·!H'PY.'(Olllr!mnr ])a('TPIIHlI (Astragallls, Onobrychis, Latbyrus, Vida H T. II.) :WP,\I!O n. I!t'rB'I,3nIOmHJ! nmone Tptml (Andropogon, Festnra, Erianthus) OTJIH'JaB3T'b 'fa II Ita pnnra OT'T, OiiIIIlHOBeUHlITt Ham]! ('p'J;~HprnpOIl{\lt(,Iif[) (,O'IIIII II IwaiIilIll .rnnaur. Tall TP'l>IIPIIlH'Ta ('It'll!. 'WI'TO npt:lIlHIY nil H'I. lInt'.'1Ii'1o xpll("ra.1lmn, 1"1 ('.!ltJO'IOIII][ raannu xaparrepnu llH,IOBe: Palinrus, Quercus pubescens, Rhamnus cathartira, Rhus cotinus. Prunus Mahaleb II Syringa vulgaris, IWJ1TO 'IP(,TO oiipa:.:ynll Ilt.!m !(I1IlH llIyuPaI(l[ (1)'1>,Ja, t'loBf"I'I., Iirr.roBHlla). Ha (,'j;IIPln. 0'1"10 pY('('f'-BapHellcnara ,fif'JIt:mlll(a rnan xpaerarann ce lIptnphlll,a'l"" In. BW'OI\il JIl1CTnenna ropn )~f'.lllIop:\lml1), Iwiho no- lIP') ('']'0 C'J,CTllnll uouru Ilf'IlllOXOil111l1'h m.pnoiiIITf'H'b ,rl,c']"

IJp!! iip'l;rOEf'Tt nil 'Ieprro ~IOpP ran pile:fJ[T(\IIIIO(,Tr. ce tl'nut.wlBa !l'], :JIIiPlliTt'.'If'H'I, plla:u'1;p'I). llospnnnf n, xpacn.e iiptl'llBe lora 1'1. npu Bypran CJl.llwii X apllIiTPpl) , l,al\TO II]lIf Halma. Haii-;jaG'l;.'I'LiliHTeJlIIOTO paCTeIIJIe nil rojiau UOiIC'b e I(HIIll'ra J@a (Vitis vinifera 1), KOlITO Tylia ce IIIl)(I1111;napJ1 l\il KIl'JI! ncmxu il"l)J;PTa ::;:wl\noe'r. lHnOIl(HT'll ce paCTPlIlI1I Periploca gTaeC(l ][ Smilax excelsa, It P(,(,IIf. !l,ilBa UIJIHJIll rposnone C'b lipeuHII apr.rnia. Ta ][;10011(0 P pa'cnpOeTPilHf'lIil no 1\'1;,muT'I. no 1Ie'f, 0110.:10 'Iepno xope H n~,t;llH,O e )1,'1 rr Ilpt,(IHMOitaf, 'Ie ])'b naua.io ru ce e I1a~lIIpa.1a TylW cmllo In. IIO;(lmtJlO (,'1('IOHlIl1e. 1 Hf'OUHlmOBPIIIIO UOl'aTaTU (11JI011a Ira Toii:mii'I.;lll'.1l)(,[)Hiill}lHiip'l1aiPHh KliiT'h COOCTll(,IIIIO e qaCTh 0'1"1 e)(IIaIlllilTH, O(,OUPIlIIO xaprurrepncnnna II () H-

I OCB1m1. B'b ynosreuarara OT1. Bc.reuoacnn ti LfcpHmropcr;a 06.rn err, 33'I.

Cp11I1.\Hax1. AMBIl JfO:ll1 M no i\OJfHlI TynAlRa If Ilpll C"tSCPHOTO nomoxne na Po.W[IIlT1>. HellrrllT1l IlO-BC'ICTO 'JeplfII IlJfOAOBe, JflO6UMO 1l!lenlle na rOpCKMT'll rrruna, ce ynoTp't611BaT'b sa Jl3nCBaIIHC na 81111a1a B'b npKOqepBCII'b I\B1lT'b.

-14

TIl fi C n a ip.II 0 P a. Hapers C-I, pacremrara na u;t.rnrHTh ropt cnoaeHaT'L ITOHC'l, ran llI1lCTHOCTI, mra 6C36pOHHlI eaexenra OTT, IipIDICnaTa cremra 1jl.1J:opa II oaaa aa IOlKHa PYCCHJ1, xaxro JI IlIHOrOIIHC.lIeHHH 3a,~IiaBna3tI\Jf TIn/lOBe. Toii3u TtceIn, npuoptiIt'cm-, nOIIC'L e lutCTO, R"I, IWeTO CtfillW ce cpntuarr, II ntEou TIIITOBe OTT, C P 'Il R II 3 e lU II 0-111 0 p c Ii ara ip.1l0pa, manap'L 'Ie Ca:l1O E'L II{l3IIa'lIITe.IIHO 111110,10 (nanp. Juniperus macro earpa, Ephedra vulgaris, Arundo Pliniana, Rhus coriaria II AP')'

IllJIOpaTa na Co I}l II ii C Il a T a, C a ll[ 0 xo n c a a T a II I~ [0 C T e IIA II .'1 C 1\ a T a IWT.!IOnlIHII llra:nw ce OTi(a.lle'lana OT"L paJIl\lrrl, nil namero paCllpl'i(llJICmIe. Onall na rrr.pnrrrf Ant e paallI'BCena lOll IIO;(ll.[IIHMCIlII nnnone 6e3"1 OCOOefrI> xnpairrepr; lIo nycTlflIHlI'f'h llI1;cTa lIn Co1mftcImrn y.'lIll(IT an Ch}Il> HallIHpa.n ntIWJI BIwwe, 1\'0 lITO paCTaT'L no 6.'iIIiIifUITIJ CIWOIIone na Ilnroura IlIICOtlO nT, nOi\a.!IJ[IIHCI\JfllT'I) noacr., I'ilOcTeU;\ILICIiaTa HOTITOIHlHa IIlIIa uoraTa TOII.m pacrureanocrr, IWIITO e no-o,nr3Y 1\0 M a Ii e II 0 II C II a T a, JIeiNPiIII )(0 Tp8Imlicliwra.

H a 10 I"I) OTL B a .!Ilt a !I'I, r '1, paCTII'reMIOTO IlapCTRO e no-paclWllIIIO 1I JIO-OOraTO II lID xapaxrepnrr, xrroro ce pasamana OTT, qIJIOpara na )J,YHilncmna 06.'IaCTh. Bucoaara II.!IanHHClta crt.na nil Banta- 1I'1T1, 331l1IIlI(ana roltan o:mrOCJIonern, lipan on cyponnrf c'I,llepJIII ntrpone, a OT1, HCTOIn. OTI, li'b~I'L lipalilYropcnaTa oOJIacTI.. nua CBouo;leII'J, i(OCTtfiII'b T01I.IOTO TP'IeHlW. CTelmlIllTT> xaparrrejn. rrpnorana II qmopaTa npsncraasana cnnepno npo;J;'1.lIiIlemle na onan, IWHTO 'Je.10BtWI, mriI'iJ(il nptJJ;'L IIOPTII'f'£ na rypcxara CTOJUIIla II B'_[' IOJlma 'l'panuu. Hlllilme nil ptfilW pe;(1) pacremru 01"1> l11tCTIIOCTJITt Bypracr , CmlBeII'I> II JI:mio.IJ:'L, }iO!ITO 110 cera otxa U;-m1JCTHII caao aa OIWJIHOeTI,'ra tra l~apIIrllaWL. TaB 1}l.1ropa ('e C'J,CTOlI orvacnr OT'L TY3elUJIIITt nil l"){i.nmncRIIfl Jl()JlyOCTpOH'L e<1e}reHTU, OTqaCTII OT'L nnnone, R011TO xapanrepaanpara oUIIIlIpnaTa ¢,10pa na (j,IlIIiliIIJI l\Ia.1(l - A3llJr. OcooeHIIO 3aot.['lmUfTeJlIla e 3e.IJPHImaTa, Prunus Laurocerasus, IwaTO ce nasnpa no CnJIOHOTIeTt JIlt BaJmaH']'TL npn !\a.lJo$ep'L II IiOHTO neoraanna llaII'IJIq'L orxpn H'I, Cr,POfW; TJI iIOCTJIl',i np:iJil'J, TpaHIUl 110 OnO.1J:HOCTbTa na Bnaanrau, BllTlIlIlIH, 'JaIn, ;(0 Ilepcnu II RPYru )lii.llB'lHH aaUHTClilI ae~nL

Cnoeoopaana e 1J,'IOpilra n a n nc o a n r n II.!IaUJIHJI, ]),UIKa- 1l'LT'L, HUTOII1a, IioHJ,()J~cI\a I1.1aHlfIIa, Gcorom., I)H.Ia, PO~OllfI II T. H. IIo CHoeTO C.'IOiI;emre II CTpofiT'I, nil paCTIIreJllUITt TIIfIOne Til noxra -mnmIn He pasamana OT'1, 1}l.[opaTa na cpt)(IIeCBpOneHCItIlTt JI.lIaUIIIIIT, no no DIlil01H'Tt TH e C'LBC'},I\I'L pa3JIlJlIH1l. TH e caxccronrenra 4l.!1opa {)T'L crapo uorenan, xonro nptl(CTaB.IIHBa Jf30.IJHllaHa JICTO'ma OO.IIaCI'r; 110 nO!IOone na 1I.IlUmIIIcr-laTa ipJIopa na Ilnpl1HeficrHliiT'1 no .. ryocrpont,

PaCTIITe.liIOCThTa.

4&

3aelllIO C'1 iIIHOl'O BlI;J:OBe, pacnpoorpanenn no n.laHIIHuT'll na Id;JIa Enpuna II lIO nall.-I'o~l'l)~ra uacn, on Cp'll)l;nH A3IHI, TyIm mra nptupaceu'J) pen'L ilPyrH, ROIITO Cd\. RaTO 3ailltcTnaIO~I1 (BIIRapUaTIIlr) TIIllOBe IIa cp'hlllleenponeitcRlI'f'B IllJl~OBe. l I\'1~1'1 T'l\X'1 ce nplIC1.e;vIIIJIBaT'h

. lIlHOrO C'1BhprneUHO eJmeml'leCIm n:mIIIIHCIUI pacrenaa. H'Bnla CJ,)I1ItHIIe, 'Ie O'bJIrapCEIIT'l; n.ramnm CnOll'BJIHT'1 'f'B3n ocoeeanocrn C'b omre na ~IaReiWmfH II CI,POIlJI, na IWIfTO (p,'lOpaTa e u)l;eUTlI'lHa (TOlJ;;~eCTBeHIIa).

PaeTlITe~IHOCT1Ta na Ba.IIIWHcRutiT'1 rpeoeHf, nxa xnoro OOU(II mr]J,OBe C'b IWaUIIJIlrrt Jl'1 Tpun('1r.mUIUIH. Ocraaamrn IIJIIlHIIHCRII nepnnr, 06a'1e, ce OTI>JIOIIHnUT'L OT'b T'l;X'L. OcooeIIHO 3uot,'li;iIal're.ITllO e JIllJIeIIneTO, lie lIO lI.'lUHlIHIIT'l> B'1 B'b.lrupUH paC'fUT'L xnoro BIl!IOne, I\{jUTi) ne ce cp'1;~aT'L RIIl'Wl> Jl'1 Espona, a naupnrmn, ce nallIHpaT'1 lIU IlaBnaar.. IlOpU3fITMIIlI C.d\. 1l'L TOBa oruourenae uanp. Chamaemelum caucasicuui, Canipanula Steveni, C. Hemschinica, Doronicum macrophyllum, Hypericum repens l! i\P.

lLIuJUIHIlTt B'L B'1.IIrUpUlI, liIlRTO II na 1 (t"uiliT'1 no.ryocrporr», Cd\. lJYI\IIlI lI'b EBPOUU lIO BIICOIW pa311IITIIMT'L e H)\ I' nl U 3 ill '1 lIU 0'1')l,t.1JHn mfi\OJle paCTeJUHI. Haii-YIvnHrre.1I!UllT'h nplIiII'llp'L I' pacryutara lIO CR.IOlIoneTt, na Ba~1l\all'I;f'L npu Ila;rotPep'h Haberlea Rhodopensis Friv, IWHTO IDHI CBpr,3Ra C'b POACTBCIIIIUTa Hell J ankea Heldreichii Boiss. ua TeccaJUIll.cmrM Omnnn. TpeTlili CPOI~CTBelrL Bllirh I' Ramondia pyrenaica Lam., IwfiTO ce cpmna B'b CI,pomI B'b ORO.IIIIOCThTa na HllIlI'1 (BtPOJ1THO If B'I, If.lIaIlIIIICriaTa 3e~IJ1 OROJIO Tp'1H'L) 11 IIOC.'It nam, . no nJIaIlIIHHT'l> ll'L }llcnuJIlIH. BCIl'lRlI TIle pacrena» Cd\. 1130- .!IllpUHII nmone cp'l>)l;'L enpouejicnara paCTUTCJIIIOCTI" (ien C'L~IHtHlre raro iKIIB'b O(,TaT'I,I\'!, OT'1 tP.10paTa na TCpll,IfapHIIM nepnoar, lIo HaCTOJIII\Cm. (,pO,~(,TIWHIUIT'l\ TBJ1'1 BlI;lone (Cyrtandraceae) Cdt pacnpOCTpanemI e,~llanl'h caxo HOirb TpOmU\IlTt, U:III3Y )1,0 HHi\IIH.

TYR'1 ce OTnOCII 1(,£,10 MHOll{eCTnO elli\e~IUlJeCRII BIf)l;OBC 01"1> n3nBcnnr porose. UPH rona I!eoOXO)l,U~IO I' Il3PII'lHO i\a ce 3ao't.T£lKII, 'Ie

,IluH1KecTBoTo III' oopa3yna IIlIRaI\'LB'L coCcTBeH'1 tPJIOJHICTlIlJecmIii nptAt.'I'I,'$ll~.,HeTOnJITt CBoiicTIla cUO)l,'l>.IJH I(,l>.T[ORYUHUMT'1 BaJmau:cr}1it ne.IlYOcirp(}h/'lr ue lUalmp'L xnoro paCTeIIIIH nne )l,IIeC1 3H.ae.ll'h Ila~' }l'b B'MrapIIJI, C'b np'lme 'It JIOra'f'1 )l,a O£)I,an OTRPIITJI II II'.£. "'JJI3n't,-

1 Ta~a uanp. Campanula alpina ce np'IlJl,CTaB'[llBa 'Ip1l3'b BHJI,'bT'b C. orbelica, Primula farinosa 'Ip1l3'h'1p.hfrondosa II P. exigua; Calluna vulgaris 'lp1>31> Bruekenthalia spiculifolia, Linaria striata 'Ip1l3'b L eoneolor, Gentiana germanica 'Ip1l3'b G. bulgarica, Jasione montana 'Ip1l3'b J. Heldreichii, Achillea Clusiana Qp1l3'b A. multifida, Galium vernum 'Ip1l3'h G, alpinum, Poteutilla aurea 'Ipt31> P ehrysocraspe da II T. n.

46

{jTIUlT'£ Jrr.~Ta WI, A m)umra , ~Icme;~oIIIUI n.m rypcna OO.!aCTU B'L TpaJ1UH, J

Xapmnt11nT'h net (luoparll R'L nc'Iwlil enna crpana OCOOCHHO co {)TOT..:I'hi.:Jlil 110 pOi~OB\,T!J, llOIITO Tinn JImntll'l'J. BI, lUIIofoopol1mI, lIIaJUw II.UI ~HWl'O ('BhP~);llIll e;(Hll'f. ("1 ;IPF'J, mI;~OBe. 3a B'L,lrapIIJI xapasrepuo e npaaue O(Jl'1lTJTO J/tCTiliUJIIIUe HU c:rt,J,YIOll\lITt poaone : Centaurea, Cirsi 11 III , Linaria, Scrophularia, Verbascuur (mIIl£XB In, Enpona T'LH 601'11TO IlC CC IIpt;,\CTaB.HlBa), Dianthus, Silene, Trifolium, Euphorbia, Cytisus, Astragalus, Ornithogalum, Allium, Crocus, Iris, 'I'hymus, CT.HlUIlWunT.TlI1ITt paCTCmlJI, Sedum, Hypericum, Scabiosa, Ranunculus, orchis, Ophris."

(:~a Iiy.rfypml1"IJ pacrenua me C(~ ronopn n'f, raanara 311 IlaporHOTO CTOlHUICTflO, n',L Uapnl'piUpHTt BhpXy :.klI:Ic;.\t.mc n I'pamnaporno).

8. HbtBOTHKMTD cBtn.

(Daync'lTil nil Ih.ll'apHJI e HCflc.'Itil.BanO nOJIc. IIpt;~(jTilBemIT'f, OTb Eye )~tllllIll ]l'[, WH'O uoro C'[,'lIllWIIHe « Turq uie d 'Euro pe. npt,'\11 uoJfOIaIHOl (jTo.rl;TJ[t~ H ,V[(,C[' Glue !HI Cd\. sannereua (j'L nllU(O IIO-TOqno. On) TIl'I'CTIIa crpaua 1(0 cera mIa caxo e,VHn e;l,lIHCmCln OPHlITO.'lOl'H'I(,;Clnlli uinrrr.. Hcruua lIo-e,lpuli'f'l) ;lilIROTeU'L cutT'L In; B-L.lIrapUiI He IlpMTt'lI;aniJ TnIii.1ll1lU OyOOelIIIO OT.11I'Jl(Te.IHIl ;U'f,CrIHI llB.leHIHI, HO TOEa ue Y3W:UlBil Irl,Il1l0eTbTa ua uerOROTO llaY'lHO lIJC.lt;\BilHne. Hue TptOB11 ;\c'l ce orpaHlI'nnn, (j'j) HtI\o.n;o 3a6t.ltlIlRU llbPXY ,,03IalllIUl'rt

It .:IOJ;l[}lHCliHT'I. ilmBOTIll1. •

OT1, i\lHlaIHlInT1, iliHnonUl nil nspno }IT.CTO Tptona IVl CIHmene:lI'f, l101I1T'b. Ha lrt.mil:n I'fo.:lyonpOB'b I!p'10(i,Ia,~aBil e,lHa TY3CJma 1I.'IaHllHCI1a nopoaa, ;'tIa.1HU pytrrarm i:IiUBOTlHr C~b TL)I1IOIiilq,HIn (CYP-L, )Ipl)Irr.), l)t;\IW iii;.!l'!J IiOC·I,)1'I., I,O!1TO, 3mHap'L II ne lipacmUI n<l r.re;n., (j.'h cn,1[m II Jf~mOC~lfIBH, H 'I'l.:x,J, pa;;W1;l,iiaT'[, Hil rO.l'fnm crara (epreaera) no BUeOJ;J.iT'!;ll.lMIHHclnr naomua. aa~AlIo e'h T'im[ ce cptU(aT'J, iiOOPU xonr.e on. l\m:i9'<liJ~1ie;;a 1I0POii.1, IWlmpUIIU 0'£'[, TYPlU1T'B, ItO II'l>l)ura u1lHlDIH'rt ).I;e.1IllOpMAI{(~Im U ,)J,OGPYA,I>ilHCli'lt liOUhC orb ro.nma nil rO,VIIla aaxaaa-

1 IIPIDI1lpM mL ocotieuuo xapaKTepHCTII'l.eCfmT1> eflJ(ellllf'l.eCIHI BlIJJ;OBe lItl.

E'.b.JraplIll: tlilene F'rivaldskya na, 8 macropoda, Dianthus Noeilllus, CerasdllUl balcanicurn, Acer intermediam, A. Vi d ani i. Genista trifoliolnta, Astragalus thracicus, Potentilla holosericea, Geum coccineum. Peucedanum aeg'opodioides, Pastluaca hirsuta, Bidens orieutah s.Bencoio erubescens. Cirsium armatum, C. ligulare, Centaurea tarraroa, C. rum",.lica,ClI,ll1pallula orbs-lir-a. Gentiana buigarica, Verbascum glallduligernm, V. heterophyllurn, VV1tlt-brull1, Digitalis vu-iditlora, Sature,ia eoerulea, Utric'llaria .Iankae, Primula frondosa, P ex.igua, Pinus Peuce, Iris Sinteuisii, I. balcana, Crocus pulcheIlus, C. velucheusis, o::irnilax cxcelsa, Fri tillaria pontica, Merendera subolifera, Sestel'ia comosa,

-

-~, ~ _-

I

I i

1

!.

1

I

Jl~llBoTlmilTn CH1lTn

47

f \

Ban. 1 llo nptMe na nOCJltiJ,HHTa PYCCI"a Bonna Bn crpanata oe BKapaxa cyDiMa l;a3aIIlKlI nom,e II PYCCKlI Boihnmnm KORbe OT'b I'LilBI\a;n, on TtX'b 0'1') ct.cranena Ii O'bJIrapCrmTa naaarepnn ; HI) HalIl)c.lIt;J.1JI\n nosnaxa /\a I'll 3UilIBCTllTn eb BeIll'epCIlll. Ha IIOJIYOCTPOB1JTb IWHbeTt CJIya;aT'h CU~IO 3U t3)\eIHIe II nocetnre rosapn, au TOBa Ii TtXIIOTO '!IICJIO OTHOClITeJIIIO e neauaunremo.

}larapeTO e pacnpocrpaneno na BCtI\&!\t, )10])11 En PYMemIlicKIIT'B panmnur no-neve nemean l\OHhT'1. ItaTnp1>T1> IIJIII m:YJICT() e fJlIaBUOTO lItIWOTIIO B'I. l'ojonurt, lia1Il1JIIlTa ce e ilBfIJIa 3ae;\UO C1> TYPl\IITt no me crpann J[ ;me)l,HO C}, TtX'b ce orrerauna nilli}, n.13a;rb. Br, l\stTYIUIIHT'1 uepuoru na OC3lalIClWTO l\apCTBO B'b nnorn rpaaose, nanp. B'L IL'lOIlIWB'b OTca~r1 DIOCT'1Tb na ~IaplIl\a, CJ\. Ou.:nr nocrpoeun fOJItMK xamnna (I\ e Be x a II '1) sa xuoro CTOT11HU rmnllI.lllI, I\OHTO nptan IIOXOAllTt aa B'J) Y nrnpua CJ\. 1l0CIIJIH apT11JI.lepulklnrrt DIYHlll\IUI. Br, CbPOIIH CJ\. Bnill:~a,!m, lICTlIHU ne lleCTO, m~psalIlI Im)ULJIlI 1\0 rorana, ~O xoraro En E 'l,.IIrp a) \'I) e CTOHJIb Typcm1li rapHH30H'1 (AO 1867). Cera rona iIUlnOTHO ce orpanauana IIO- Be'lC 11,0 O;\plHICIaIitTI) anaaeri ... Belle In Hcroma PY~le.1UIlI nepnam, ImmWll ce C:lItTa sa 1'OJ1t)la ptil.I\oCTL; UiJb cpt1i\llilX'L caxo neAlIalI,1> e)~IIIr1 IIplI Eypra(J1.

Han- nmInIOTO noxaumn iIumOTHO na ObJIrapcIUIitT1> 3e3Uexl,JIeI\}, e iiUEOJI'bTI). TOEa Wb cnuepna Eapoua nla.JIIW IIOilnaTO Ii ,~OplI B1, YIIrapua II UTa.mil He '!eCTO iIUIBOTHO e IIO- IIlUT':O Ii IIO- !~'LJl1'O 01'1. BOJlnT1J, ('1, Cll.!IlIO ]WBllTlI poroae Ii e1> xyoaEa sepna Ii.'lII ThlHIOCIIBa K03IIIlU. Ileronurf ~SlIiI[eHIUI CJ\. JItmIlln II OUBIlII, no neronara pa(ionIa CIf.JIa lIai\llllIHYBa ouaa na BO.IJ'LT'L, DIaImp'b TOll II ~il H31ICIma lIIHO;l.O r.IJC)l,aHIle, I10'lTlI ImTO IiOllLT'1. ()en T1H uapeuenara cnapnnecn, n oYllnOC1'1 y qllleI'l\IaTIl'leCKOTO iKHnOTlIO ne ce C'!.l'.'Iea;,\<l unsaeaa )l,Hprr. nIIBo.lCIWTO 1I1.1tIiO e no-Iihao n 1I0-BI,YCHO 01'1> upastero, T'hfi CJ\.IUO II lIIaC:IOTO. C£JI~eCTBYBaHllCTO na ,KI1BOTHOTO e onr.psauo (',1> peil.OBHII NaJIIlII I'J\.IIaIIIIJI; TO rpbfina Bctl\li;~HenHO no IrtRO.JIlto saea )l,a CTOli Ill> nOAa II.III i~Il ee npKamr 13'1 rm:Ib. IIo TIlH npII'llIIIU ce.:IJIUcTt HlllaT'L npn I\£IUIITt en xannna, l',rl>'ro oUBo.nrrt OXOJIIlO nroraT1) )lil ce ailpaB.HTI) no I'.:ILlBU; nnnon CC.IU uxarr, sa Tall l\t.llb· oOIUn 6.IIaTa . .lItT'B QCJlontI\'l) JIa BCtRJ\.iIT) no Il£.TlIIUa1'lt BlIiK;,a ounomI, 1I00ipliTU CL I,e- 6e~ra h'amIll sopa aa 3aIUIIT<l OT'b car.nnero II nad:'KOl\IIITt, 'Ie TerJIHTl> 6aBIIO TelItIW uaroeapenn 1\(1I1a. Heo(h.o)l,mr1 CC&A}' IIpII B(j'lma 6IIBOJI-

I

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I) THe ;l!;o6pYlJ,maUCRil KOHLe ynoaeuaaa BO.llOUe3eI-IbTb KOHT'b MapClI.IIR BD CHoeTO ouacaaae na IJ,UOI1TnR'bT'b aa $3i\cHlle Hn TypCllilTll HOMORll: "Cavalli di fatezae non gentili, rna alti di corpo, che SOIlO ill molta stima> (State milit .. re dell' imperio ottomauo. Amsterdam li32 c. 41).

48

I'eorpaeauecnalt np1lr.1ell'b.

CIm HO.[a e rl\HO )v,pncno 1I:1II :.\I'Jl!lIIO HCll'IC aa IIO.UIBaHIIe na milBOTHII- 1'1>. lIo IJa3aplIT'B OIIBO.'l'L1'L IllIHafII 10m lIO- BlICOR::t nnua on BOJI'LT'L. B'L llJlalllfHCRJIT'B )I'BCTlIOCTlI TOH ce cp'BII~a p1,!lRO, B'b TP'bHCRlIH onpzr-s II Py 1IIIOC'b .1lIIICBIl C'I,IH,pmCUlIO; HllnpOTlIB'L na rOJI1nIlI CTa!~::t ce naMlIpll no pasmnnrrf IIORpafi ~YlIan'b, l\Iaplllla II )IOpeTO. Tona mIIBOTHO, AOIlI1pano OT'L I\/VIe'IlUlH JICTOI,'L n'b Br.arapna, RI1I(TO If n'b I'spuaa, ome n'c, cp'I;;~IlIrf'B ntlwBe e IIO.IJY'IlI.10 TyRa TY3Clnen'b xapasrept. 1

TOllr;\aTIl Cd>. npeonn, IIO-!(PCOHU OT'L ynrapcRH1"lJ, li'Il.1JlI mIll ne'lIICTO-Ot.lII C'L rO,l'tmf porone. Haft -!l,oopllra paca e n'L I(eII'rpaJIHnfi Bauram., n'L nenrpa.ma Cpt)(TIH fop a II PO;(OlIlIT'I\, r,~tTo pasB'Lm)J,aT'L rOJI'bm CTIl;(a aa 'l"I,proBIHI. IiaqlJIHo n.ru C'bIlCt}1'L urapeno ronel\O e aa 6'LJIraperartiT'L ce.'1HIIIlH'L C,v,Il\lIHCIW 'IYI\O na clrl;r'1T'L, OCOU(,JUIO rOJI'BllUIrt (,I\ae~IU.IJ1pU 01"1 lHnCul(l:lpCRa IIOPO;W, J\I1RllIIIO npnrenaaaure I~IIJI3h AJIeI,CIlH;WI, I nil 'Imp.IlIR'L T'L ClI upn CO(VUII.

o III (IJTt , ROS!lTt 11 CBlIllhllT't ne ce PIl3.ITIl'IaBaT'L 01"1 Cd>.mltr:B B'L np)TllT'1> iin.'lIW!l('.Iar aenu. ~'~ o'l;cno IIIlIWi\aIOIl\lIT'B CC.ICI\lI H onuapcnn I'Y'leTIl Hd>.THllIl'LT'J, 'leCTO e ;rl,;IiI;cn'L Jia npann IIPlIpnHIHO lIO- 3IHlnCTBO; ('II BUl"l; OJ\lWpCRII RY'JCTIl ne p1;i\RO 1l3]'~W)~mlT'L saro MeJIe:HI (oaCTup;vr) OT'L ,iY'leTa H H'L.II~ll. :3a .1011'ndtcIilI I'J"1CTa (ua aunuli'I, aari.pu] C.IYilUlT'J, lJO-IleIJeTO x'sprmr,

OT'L nrnnurf OCll'tll'L sosonmr O1"b el\lIll'L i\peoeIi'b ]I'LCTrH'L llH)I,'1 pa311'1ilii\IlT'I, oiue rzcsa, nanuur II lIyUIUI. MHomeCTBoTo r,v,CRII IIO IypCKI1Tt ce.ra ::HDI'llmlBaT'L, ImI,TO yn1lpJlnaT'I" y ~IyCy.BllUIlIH'I;rL cmmr,ara ua XPUC'l'J,}IIlHIl'LT'l,. l1uTO YI,parnenue na ;(flOP'1T'L y OOl'aTlITt xopa CJIymlI lIaYU'J,Tb. HpOTHOJl'l; Cd>. n'r,Bri~emI «Irt~I(,RIIT'1\ IWHOIlIRII» 111l1eHIIO Numida meleagris y B'L:lrapeT'll llO;rL IDle rcnauxa.

On ilntpoBeT't (l'paG.IUBI1'l"h OOilaiiIIlIl\II) nllli-ro;l'tJll1iiT'L e MeqRaTU. Heilnoro pacnpocrpnueune e np'le )(OCTa orpanmeno ; onue npnxena, IwraTO H'I, POiiOIllJT'I; B'b e]l,na :mJIIl Cd>. YOIIBa;m IlO GO-100 IIIe 'I 1m , IWliIO OIUIena Bye~ ce c,v, n:nUlIla.III. s ~IellRu 'IeeTO ce cptman lIO ropnrf na Pnaa, aanannr POi\OlllI II Il!:'PIIII'L, IWliTO 11 na Barouia. Ha Cpt;wa Topa III ce B'LJ(II 1I0-llP'IC IIi!'L e'l;Il'IeCTHTt .Tapn

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1 En; rJ.yc,'.Q" B'b lIfaKe/lOIlUlI Y X!lPOIlOTa 7, 126 II B'h )1;06pYlI'lIa na e- 1l,1I11'1> llai\IlUC'h, Areh'. epigr. Mitlh YiII, 9 lIe' cz, OHBO.UI, no 3y6poBe, 311 KOHTO 1'YKa cera ne e OCTUna.110 HIITU npnaauue. C;U'llCBaIlHeTO ua atJ!pIIKaaCKUfIT'b OHBO.'l'b (bubnlus] C'h 3yOp'hT'h (hison, urns), nopauasu ouie n.lI1HufI nat. hist. YIlI § 38. Cpnaueunaonuu CBHA'IlTe.lCTlla: bullies 1206 H'b M'IlCTllocTbTa ua Depoe (Crapu-da.ropa) Y Banxapayena., Lufale B'b KpallT'1> Ila 13-TO croa-nrne ll'b Mopea Y CalIYllo (Hop!', chrouiquos greeoromanes 117), B'b ElIHP'h 1303 (Hopf, Ersch-Grubers Encycl. TOM'b 85, 052). Huoripaarenae na e,:lI![l 6UBO.llClm IW.Ila C'h onncanucro ua lImHOTlJOTO y Mapca.r«, Stato milir are dell' imperio ottornauo c. 64.

2) Dye, Die Eur, Ttlrkei, n1l;ucI,llll np1lBO,~'1> (t889) I. 320.

.......

.IltcoBe na EOr)laH'L; npn Ilananepnnre ee cpt~a p'I>)lRO, a B'L Kapai\Jlla-)lar'L ee nosaaaa HaBptMemr npu HOBa Maxa.lIa na nCTOR'L OT'lJ ~epBeHT'L. TIo Ea.IIRaHCRaTa separa ce cpt~a B'L rOpHT'1l npn BepROBlII~a, 'Iereaetrs, Illanna, TBhp)llllJ;a n ocoeeaao npa KOTe.ln; UHaR'L TH ClWpO uie CTaHe pt)lROCTh. Ha CTpalI)lJlla n Oeoroscaa naanana H H'l\)Ia HJIKaR'1, HO ee nonara B'L Tp'11ICRaTa ROTJIOBlllla o.nIaY )10 Pyit 11 ;Iopn B'L CRa.IlllT'1> aa ~parOluaHcRuitT'1 npoxors. Tan th.1JrapCRa MelJRa npanrra na onaa B'1 RapnaTnTt, nO-BeqeTOe )lpeoHa II eypa, HO I1plI fioTe.II'L, na EOr)lalI'1 II na PIma ce Cp:B~aT'L ro.'1:BMIl 'IepHu eI\3e~I1lJIJIPH. HapO)l'LT'1 pacnpana, 'Ie TOBa Heo)rllJIaHo jillIBOTHO B'L C£~HOCT1 011.110 WIaXO, qe ce xpana caxo C'1 JIt~IUIlJ;1l 1I ropcsn I1JIO)WBe, no qe CTaBa ouacno, ~OM'L BRyClI xeeo ; rorasa nese ra ee HayqaBa )la nanana aa OTxB;IHlI oana, RoalI, reaera lI.ITlI JII)l,peoeTa II HO~eM'L )la ooeCIIOIWHBa erpennrs. PaaBOill)lanIITt, OT'L lJ;HraneT'1l lllelJRlI ne me C£ OT'I, ryaexnaTt, 110 me C£ )l,OlWpaHII 0'1"1 ~laJla AaJIH.

E)J,Ha aasa aa crpanara C£ B'1JII\llT'I>. Tt He .nmcuart B'1 HURon )l'IlCTHOCTJ.. J1t'fOTO upsnapaarn no IIJIaHUIIJI'ft' r)rll'fo rn IIPIlB.1IflJaT'1 lIcRapaHll'l"l> sa uama c'fai\a, a alliut TB OTHOBO ce cny~aT'1 B'L )J,(I,lHHH'f'B II paumraarn. Ii Cpt)l,'1 ~1'1l'f0 'IeJIOBtR'1 ~I{)ille lIeCHO )l,a cpsnnre TOHalI a1l'BP'L 1I3'h JI£TI;f'I, JIO Hi,l\OlI aarnnrenu :lI'BCTa; HO rorana TOH e WIaX'L,aa~O'fO lIMa )J,oC'faXpaHa. 3mI'B nanpers I1p'tl\npIIe~IaT'L xaft:RlI cptulY HanallaIO~II'I"1l .1aRO~1lI B'.b.'l'lh1I r:IyTHlII\lI, ROlITO OOeCJIOIW}IBaT'L B(, ll'lRll n~IaHJlHCRII npoxma If OJlOo.eIIHO IWT.IOBJIlHI'ft JIO IOillHa'fa crpana ua Ba.IRaHCI>aTa uepnra. Homesn, IIO clrIlJEHIIT'B noaera 3f1'l>poBeT'1> 110- O;lllil;aBaT'L i\Opn )10 - ro,It~IHT1j rpaaone, a B'L IIhPBIIT'1l rO)l,lIlIlI aa HOBOTO ynpaB.lleHue lIaft:-cllItmI'fi, no M'tC{"HIHa ce ml'lJRlIaXa )lOpU B'I, I\paft:HlIT'1l 1I0Bll y.UIIW ua COqlIlll.

B-1, o'L;lrapcRuft:T'.b oIo)J,JEeT'L cera e IIp'll)l,IlH)WHa e)l,Ha cyMMa 22000 aena sa JICTp'l\OJIeHUe ua B'J,Jll\1I II Me'lRH; npaBJI'reJIC'fBOTO aauaauia sa IIlelJl\a IJ.l1lI B'I,,'l'IlII\a 15, sa B'1.:IK'1 10, !:laBctRo T'BXHO )W.lliO 5 .resa.

lIal\aJI'L'f'_(, (Canis aureus) ce B'1I\H, 1\0 1\0.111\0'1'0 1I10Jlle~I'1 )la auae~I'J,o caxo ua IICTOR'_(, B'L TPaIUIHCIW nO.IIe 1I no IIOflTuficRuft:T'l> optl"1 npu Eyprac'1 ; . B'1 II.lJaHlmCRllfi 3anal\'J, TOft: e nenoanar-s, RaRTO u )l'I, ChpOJ[H. .bICUl~H J[ )l,UBU l\OTRlI lDlIl lIaIlctR£I\'1> II3'L roputs. PUC'L (Felix lynx) ce nouaaa pt)lRO; aWL 'IYX'1 aa Hero caao B'L PUJIaIIJIaHlIHa, ua Pyll:, Jl'.b nenrpaxna CP'BI\HH l'opa II IIplI Byprac'1. TIo)l,peOHlI anspone OT'b. uopoaara- na liyllHT't, pasoapa ce, ae .UIllCBaT'L lllIr)lt, 6tJIKll (Mustela foina), 3.lIaTRU (M. martes), nopoae (Foetorius' putorius), HeBtcTy.IJI\U (F. vulgaris) H30BeWhT'J, (OOPCYK'1T'L)

If. Hpexem.. - KJlSmeCTBo E1.unpI!H.

4

49

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50

(Meles taxus) C£'I~O e Bceoomo H3BtcTeH'J>. BIIII.PH HMa B'b fECII'm/! ptRH, HO nO-IIpt)l,H Tpt6Ba lI.a rII eHMaJIO rro-xnoro. ~aJIH 6oop'J>Tll, na RorOTO Ylm3BaT'l> Hiuton nrBCTHfI HMeHa (EeopOBO IIpII E.JIeHa, Be- 6penn npa Opxanae II T. H.), ce cptma Ollie HilI\&)I,t, rrOIIOlKHTeJIHO He MOlKeM'J) saaa.

Hati-oollRHOBeHHHH II.IIBe% e Jl:IIBaTa CBHHH, (rJIJIr'b, ranram.), ROHTO na CTall.a ce CptmaT'l> B'b BCll'lRH p;£.60BIf JI 0YROBJI ropn. C£.IQO nceofiuro paonpocrpanenn Cd'i. aaem.rs II cspnara. POra'l'bT'b IIJIIl eJIeHbT'L co nonaaa ptll.RO; HerOBOTO pacnpocrpanenae ce OrpaHII'IaBa no ropuCTUTt, ITJIaHIIHCRH nepnrn, lIO PHJIa, POII.OIIHTt, I~eHTpaJIHa Cpt)l.HH I'opa, - orrrsro ToR orrYCTOlIlaBa C'1C'BII.HHTL HIIBn B'b paBHHHaTa, - HafiooraTHTt 'IaCnI C'b JI'tcone na Ba.llRaU'bT'b rrpa EepIWBHua, l\oTeJI'b II T. II., OKOJIHOCTbTa na PYH, rrYCTOlIlIITTI na CaKap'L-lIJIaHlIHa II C'rpaHAlKa.

~IIBaTa II'03a [nonorpr.n, &1?~o"(~OCCI.<; C]) CJ¥lmO oanasenae, rypc, i~af'b-RellmCIf) no IIJIaHlIHlfTB na BaJIRanclm:i1T1> IIOJIYOCTPOB]) ell e T])fl Crt>1lI0 Y f(OMa en, RaRTO na ItaprraTIITt. B'L B'bJIrapnH Til ee nannpa xrroro 'feCTO no RallleHllCTIITt rpe6eHlf na Paaa. Br, BaJIRaHCRaTa nepnra HeHHOTO pacnpoorpaaenne ce OrpaHII'IaBa B'b MtCTHOCTbTa na Ha:li-BlIcORHTTI sspxone npn 'I'ereneat., I'i,aJIo$ep'J> II 'l'BJ:,p)J;llua. Ha 3ana)l,'b na IIOJIYOCTPOB'J>T'J> )l;llBll xoaa llllra na IIIap'J> , OJIUMII'1>, I II HimolI marrnnn m, Cf,p6IfJI, 2 l{epHa I'opa, Xepneronmra II AJIOamm. lVlelKlI:Y naHltyplITt na PllJICRUiin MOHaCTHpL Hilla crpacrna "'IOB'l.IIII aa )l,IIBll II'oaI1, RaKTO E1> BaJIRaH'J>T'b II CptAHJI I'opa CTpaCTHll JlOB'IUll na nle'lRll. no ll,B'BnT'b 'IeJIOBtR'J> 1I1J¥l'lHO MOlKe p;a paarmn TL3I1 naCYllIfI ce na otinrecraa lKllBOTUll OT'I. CB:aJIllTt; Tt nO)(YlIIBaT]) '1eJIOBtRa aa rOJItMo pa3CTOHHJfe. IIall)(ypllTt lIIll pacsaaaxa sa Moe O'lY)I,BaHJre C£..mara llCTOPlIH, ROHTO B'J> AJIIIUTt nptp;aBaT'.13a eBOH: on )(lIBUT't, R03H nnaara e)l,na CTOHJIa na crpaxa H )l;aBaJIa aa OCTaHaJIIITt 3HaR'b Aa 6traT'J> OT]) npIIOJIlllKaIOmaTa ce OIIaCHOCTb. AJInrritCIlIf:li B:03IfPOf'J> .IIIIIICBa c'J>BbprrrenHo, cauto II 1!;1lBaTa osna, I\OHTO ce cpsma BT:. l\laJIa A 3IIH.

Om OCTaHaJIllTt ropesn MJItKonHTaIOlUll iKllBOTHll me CIiOllIene;II'I.

Ollie narepnnara If TapaJIelK'J>T'J>. 3a6aBHll iKllBOTHII crt> JIaJIyrepHTt. [Spennophilus CyeUll, C'LCeJIIf), ROHTO HaBpe)l;'L nOIrpa:li narautara He nptR&eBaT'l> CBOIITt nrpa ; mOM'J> HaOJIlllKll lJeJIOBtR'l>, Tt ce ncnpaRRn. na 3all.HllTt CU Rpa'l.I\a II Be)l,Hara IIC'IeSBan s's eBollTt nOjlaeMHU lI:ynRll.

I RapT'L, Reise durch das Innere der Eur. Tnrkei 185.

2 ITpoq.. IIaH'IH'I'L, MaTepllaJIII aa CpL6C1taTS <l>aYlIs Bll "fJlaCIIIIKl>" TOM'!. 26, CTp. 89.

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51

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3a IITlm,fiTb CB'Br:r.· HB()TAaBIla ce HBll B!J;lJlIl> MBCT8H1. rpY)l;1> on. feoprnlt It. XPHCTOBH'r:r., MaTepHa.JIK sa H"3yqe~lIe aa IhJIfapcKaTa <[)aYHa, B,]) C60pHIIR'])n na MHHUCT8PCTBOTO na Ilpoeasmeaaero (1890, II), C7. OUHcaHHe na 207 BH)I;a. IIopa3HTeJIHo e ua n;B.JIIIlin rrOJIYOCTPOB1. MHO, llteCT.BOTO XUmHII HJIff rpa6JIHBM IITHll,H: Op.II1l (A.q uila fill va, imperialis) II rOJIorJIaBIl 1\I'LPm.IIaU;Il, ImpTa.JIH (Ynltur monachus, Gyps fulvus, C£.llW Neophron percnopterus IIpH CmlBeH1)), KOHTO ee HaBI.praT'l> nOKpan BClflLKM II.lIaHlIHII II rHB3!1;aTl> naapezs B1) CKa.lIMCT.lITt IIaAIIHII, KaRTO II Be'BKaRBII BII)l;OBe COROJIII, nparyn, 'lUlITO p;peOHII rrpB!I;CTaBUT8.lIlI aaemo C'1> eBpaRIITB oOIIr.ran)l;a sanarr, IIO TeJIerpatPllIlTB CTb.'IOOBe Kpali narauiara. Houteat ce BBCTJIBan MHoroopoMHll 6yxaJIlI 11 KyKy~IJIBRH (YXO.lJ.III.J;II). BO)l;HlI IITIiIJ.II, qaIIJIH, neJIHRaHII, .lIeOBi\II B1> nemUBTHU KOJIlneCTBa OiKllBJIBaT}, .JIHBa)l;HT:fi no ).I;YHaB"I,TJ. H fipBroBeTB aa .lJ.arYHlIT'h IIO IIOHTllJicKoTo Kpafioptilme. IIp.II MHOlKeCTBOT() XlI~R!I lKHBorHH nonml IIT.lIll,1I HMa rrO-Ma.lIKO HelKeJIH p:pyra)J,B B1. Espona ; sa TOBa rOpHT:B c,~ y)!,nBIITBJIHO rrYCT.lIIIHIL ITo rOJ.ItllIIIT'B paBHIIHII II )\OPII no Coq.ll[lCRaTa ROTJIOBIIHa Jl;pOnJIaTa C8 paCXOlK)!,a (Otis tarda) na crara OT.b )J,ect3Tb 11 nosese nTII~II. Haii-oDlIRHoBeHHIIliT], IIT.IJilUH )J,IIBeqr, e apefinuara I[ rrptneJIlIIJ.aTa. TerpeB1ITB (rayxapa, 'I'etrao urogallus B'1> Ba.IlRaH1>T"1, PaM n POJl;OIIIITt II T. H.) Y B1)JlrapeTt C£. IBB"tcTmI DClmnr cRynOi\r1> nOJJ;'b IIMeTO «)J,IIBU HOROrnIUI.» )J;IIBH tPa3aHII (fasian, Phasianus colchicus) lKHBtlITb npa Bypraer , ItapHo6an U no JIUBa)J,IITt na AO,mIT Tyu)J,lKa Mi{lKll,y JbrooJIl> II O!l;PIIH'1>. ITo crpaaars I'HB3)!,an OOUKIiOBeHHUTB no )J,lKaMIIIIT'B urspeeaa, rapra, .lIacTOBUll,U II Bpa5U;H, a B'1 AHxHa,Ilo II }leceaapaa, sa 'lYlI:o, P:0PII xopcaa I'1>JIJ5.61I (Larus), Cranara aa rrpB,lIBTulITt

"llT.lfll,n: rrpHJItiitHO ce Ha6.iIIO,ll;aBan OT,]) HaC8.IIeHIieTO; Db Hapo)~mIllT'b RaJIeH)I,apb OTJIt.T".bTl> na m.epaBllTB co cMBra sa HaqaJIO aa ecens. IIep.lIop;nr.recKHii rOCTeHlIH1) e qepBeHORO(1)TL (Paste r roseus], RollTO rrpt.3'1. 1889. ce C,])rJIe)J;Barne Dl> rO.JIBMO MHOlKeeTBO OROJIO C04lIIH.

On RocTeHypKIITB ee Bl>)1;H Testudo graeca HI. PYlIIMUtlCRlITB nB(1)'I.lJHBH, TOrrJIII ,ll;OJI~IHII H XpaCTaJIaU;H, na CBBep'}, OT1J Ba,maH"bTlJ IT lIMa IIO-pB)l;RO. 3MIlll H~1a xnoro, ocorieaao He OTpOBHaTa CHflbOCIlBa, PIIOOB)l;Ha BO,l(Ha 3M.lIlI (Coluber natrlx), OIIaCHaTa IIeIIe.1IlIHRa (Yipera nerus) II 3.IIaTa IOlKHo8Bpoue!tcKa ycollHHll,a (Vipera ammodytes).

Haii-roJItMHT'B CJIa)l;ROBOJJ;HH pHon, paariapa ce, npareaasa ).I;YKaB'LT1J, R'},l\['}, TtX'L ce OTHaCIITl> MopYHaTa (Accipenser huso), OT'I> KOHTO na BIfIl,KHCKOTO npacrauaure a31J BII)l;tX'L Be~HalK1> IIptB1>CXO)l;8H'I> eR3ellllI,l!lIp'lt qeJIOBtqOORlIfi Doil ~'1>JIra, - ecerpa (A.ccipenser sturio), 'nIra (A.ct.:ipenser ruthenus), Halt-xyoaBaTa JIaIWMa roc6a aa rpaneaara no ~y~ HaBclUITB napaxoaa, nOC.JIB paeneps (Salmohucho), mapaas II T. H_

,.

WAC

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COM'!.T'1 (Silurus) OCEtH'!. B'I> p;-YRaB'1; ce D'1>/I,II II B'I> RHTpa, IlallmfHy T-YH)l,ma, MapHua H CTP),Mjl B'b X-YOaElI rOJlt~HI eJ{3l'MIT.1JRpH. Halt-ooH· HHOBeHHlI ptqHH PHOH C& 3MHOPliHTt, 1>'1 nJIaHMHCKIlTtptlm: npsCT:bPBnTt, nanp. B'£ PUCRHllT'1> MOHaCTHp:b T'B C& eaao OT'I> lIaii-BaiKHJfT~ cptl~CT]a aa npsxpana na KaJIyrepHTt, n lIlp1mllTt. Ha Ha-YRaTa BtPO. HTH() ome He C..K H3BtCTHII e)J,lIH'l> BHII,']) rOJItMH, npl1Ha)I,.1JtiltaIUH K'J)M'I> nptCTl)pBHTt pH6II, ROllTO 3lIMHO BptMe I\ORapBaT'J) B'.b CO$lIlI on e3epara na aanaraa ~'[aKe/l,OHHlI, ocotenao on OXPHII,CROTO. lVIHoro xopoaa pI!(ia ce JIOEII, OCOOI'HHO CIi')'llIPBII (Scomber) B'.b BypracclnIiiT'D 3a.IIlIB'b.

3aPAHO C'b 0611RHoBeHmITt pt'lHH pann (Astacus) B'J) PYMeJIKH, nanp. B'.b l\oT.lIeHCRIIiiT'b BaJIKaH'b H.lIH nearparaa Cpt)l;HH I'opa, naECtK&)J,'ll ce B'b/l,1I I01KIIOeBpoIIeiiClmtin pazs (Thelephusa), y B'bJIrapern HapeqeH'b KpIIB'.b paR'L, onam, paR'.b.

3a o'1.IIrapCflI1:Tt HactKollIlI ronopn llaHlIJIq'L B'.b CEoeTO C'L'IIIHeHlfe m.pxy CPI,(jCInIT'£ OpTOlITepH, soero no- sesero ce onnpa HR C'.b'HIIIe· HUJITa OT'L J);- P'J) Bp),HHep'£ WOH'I> BaTTeHBH~lb, KOliTO ot rroctTIIJI'b B'.b.llrapU}[ Hae)1,HO C'L Ilamma. 1

OT'L T'tx}' B'L B'L.lJrapUff, RaNTO B'.b Chp6IIIl II B.1JaIllRO, lIIHOro )lo6pt e n03HaT'1 nptce.IJBalOIllUiiT'1 ce cRaRa.lIeIl,'L, ROtiTO, o6alJe, OTp;aBHa sese He ce e JIBHBa.1J'.b.

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1 IIawIH'.I'L, 9rthop(era .in: ~erbia hucdum detecta (reKCT'L'f'1>. T'LH ca.m;o a

no CjJI,'(iCRl'I'), :BllJIrpa,ll'L 18"88. . . ,

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53

HAPO,n;O HA OEJIE HIIE TO.

I. CTaTHCTHKaTa Ha Hacel1eHH8TO.

Hapoaonpnnppaaaaae. CTaTIlCTIlKa aa Hap0;lHOCTlJ. POJ(OBHO esoruonreaae. IIpapaen. aa aacezeaaero.

KHJIlKeCTllOTO naaspma nhpBOTO CII Hapo)l,onpMpoJIBaHlIe 1879 ~'J) CBOIITB OOIllIlHclur qHHOBHIIIJ;II, no C'LBJ)prneHHO npHMIITHBeH,]) HaqHH,]); HaMilpuxa ce 1,714,000 lKIITeJHI, HO nOj{pooHOCTIITB ecranaxa neaanesaraan. Bropo npB6pOJIBaHUe npB)I,rrpHe HOBoyqpej{eHoro CTaTIICrHqeCl\!> J)IOpO rroj{'L yrrpallJIeHHerO na f. MIIXaHJI']) It Capaq>oB'L, Rollro OTIIO)l,Hpt oHj{e lUlIHIICT'LP'J) na llpOCBT.IlIeHIrerO II na <PHHaHIJ;HHTB, na 1 (13) JIHYapIlM 1881. BOj{eHIIeTO na patiorara craaa C,])BCBM'L npaBIIJIRO, noCPBI(CTBOM'L ornexarana qlOpnlyJIJIPH C'L OTj{BJIII aa HllleHaTa na JIIIIJ;ara, TBXHaTa B'L3paCrL, POj{Hnii H3IIR'L, BBPOHCIIOBB)I,aHIIe, 3aHJITfIe H r. H.; BctRa Rdl.IlIa B'1 OOIllIIHaTa I1Marne j{a I1Crr'LJIHII TaR'J)B'L ej{IIH'L .III1CT'L, C'L noxoun.ra na nptOpoHreJIIfTB, no- nesero yqllTeJIH, qHHOBHIIIJ;n, BoliHlII(II II yqeHIIIJ;II, ROIITO Hero il.eH1 6txa sa TOBa noerasena. Pafiorara ce aanspum 6en HII HaH-MaJIRO C'LnpOTIIBJIeHIle OT'L crpana na Ha.ce.lJeHIIeTO. On pe3YJITaUTB ce ny6JIIIRYBaxa caxo ABa npBil.BapHTe.IHH OOIllHHCInI CIIlIC'LIJ;H; HerrpBCTaHHIITB npOMBHH na MIIHIIC;repCTBa ue 6.lIarOnpIUITCTBYBa sa ell:uo rrLJIHO onsuenae na MarepIIaJI'LT'L, soero e TBLPJI'S aa C'L1Ka.IIBurm, 3aIllOTO qPB3'L nero oe ryou e)l,HU'L BIICORO}lalKeR'I, cpaBRUTeJIeH'L eJIeJIeHT'L aa u3yqeHIleTO ua BC,II'lRfI no-nompauraa uptOpOJIBauuH. I II3BBcTHa 3aMBua aa TOBa il.aBaTL llIHoroOpoHHHTT. I(OCTOll.HII CTaTHII na Capaq>ona B'L CmrCaHfIeTO na 6'LJIrapc,RoTO ItHIIlKOBHO )lpY1Kec,TBO B'l,> COtllIf}I; TB nanp. C'Lil,LplKan eil,IIIICTB£HHHlin )1,0 cera rrptr.lle){'L BhpXy paCIIOll:T.JIeHHerO aa HapO;J,HOCTUTB B'L RIIJIlKeCTBoro. II C60pmrliTL pe3YJITaTL !lalla na ItHJIlKecTBoTo 2,007,919 1KlITemI: 3

1 IIpll,!l;BapaTeJrlIl!:1'll peaYJr1'a1'1I 01'1> np1l6pOHBaHIIe1'O aa aaceaerraero OT'b 1/13 aHyapl!:li 1881. CO~<{H 1881, 8', 50 C1'p. (co 61>.a:rapcIHIli: II ~paHlW3. TeKCToBe). - CIIIICotl'b aa aaceaeaurn MBcTa (no np)l6poHBaHlleTo aa 1 lhyapali: 1881). Co- 4'lIl1 1885, 80, 119 CTp.

2 Capa~oBo, Haceaeuaero aa CO~lfll Bo I-ra, na PYCqYKo, Bapaa II illyMeH1> ·B1> 3-T.t II 4-Ta, HapOi!;HOCTIiTB Bo Hcrouaara qaCTb na ·KllfllKBCTBoro B'b 5-Ta, B1> Banaauara qaCTb B'b 8-Ta aaaisaa aa Ilepaoz. Cnacaaae.

3 3a Tall IIl'1wpa CpaBHI'I CapaWOB1> nam, TaJ[1> YIII, 47.

54

Ha pOIlOHaCe.1eHlleTO.

1,345,507 Ih arape (O1'}, ECH'JI\H LtpOlICnOL'lll\aHlHl), 527,284 'l'ypnn, 49,070 P-Ylllx,ne, 37,600 Ilnrane, 14,020 }ICIIaHCRlI EBpeH, 12,376 I'arape, 11,552 It.pun, 3,837 Epxennrr, 1894 Cbpon, X'1pBallf n lJepHoropur, 1,275 Ehlln (a HhiCliJi Eepea), 1123 Pyccn, 530 A.'lUanll,H, 515 IhaJIIHlIlUII, 220 Mapmapn, 174 l{exn, 164 IlJpaHII"y31I, 97 Apanu, 92 IlOJUIIIH, 64 AHrJIlIlJaHe,63 l{epRecII, 58 llepoaaae II 402 paannmr O\~PI\II, IlJIllJ.lIJIH~II,lI, XOJI.lJaH)l,IUI, Illtera II AP.). '

B'b llcrouaa PYllll:'.'lIl.H nbpBOTO npsopcasanae ua HaCeJIeHlIeTO crana 1880, CX,lI\O nOBI,pXHOCTHO 1I3BbPIIH'HO on ()OllIIlHeInlTt 'HIHOBHIlll,II, 815.951 iKllTf'JllI: 573.560 D'b.lJfape, 174.700 'fYPll,H (no llIeiK)l,)' itX'L ] 6.267 Ilouaun li.ur lII)'XaMe)l,anCRU Br.arape}, 42.659 I'spun, 19.549 llnrane, 4177 EBpell II 1306 Epsenn«. 1 BTOpO peaosno npttipoauanne na uaceaeanerc ce nanspma IIa 1 JInyapIIH 1885. Ilspnara 1l0.lJOBllIut na pe3YJITaTlIT'B otinapoma IICTOqHO- Pyme.nIiI.CltOTO 00- .1IaCTIIO npaUIlTeJICTllO ouie 1885, nropara nOJl,Ilpb C'1eJl,IlHelIlIeTo CTaTIlCTIl'leCKOTO 6R1po B'b CO¢UJl qaE'L np'lls'L 1888, II naK'.£, 01'3'1 IlC'llRalt'LB'L OOllI''£' nptr.lJe)l,'L. Cnoperr, Hero npstipoeane Ilorosaa PYMeJIIIH e naaaa TOHSII )l,eHb 975.130 npnC&TCTllYIOllIli 1I 7867 OTcx,TcrfBYRIura on crpanara iKIITeJIU: 681.734 Br.arape, 200.318 TYPll,II, 53.028 fL111\11, 27.] 90 Ilnrane, 6.982 IIcnaHCEII EBpeII, 1817 Epnenun, 210 liTaJIlUlHll,n, 159 HtlllIIH, 148 P"yCCII, 102 IlJpaHll,y- 311 II 2375 pa3.lJll'IIUI, sa KOHTO ornesaraaaiirs )l,OI,JIaJl,'L He l\aBa HlIRaltllO npn6JIJI3IITeJIHO onpt)l,tJIenlIe. ~

CJItl\'I., C'be)\IlHelIlIeTO IIa 1 JIH~'apnH ] 888 no)),''£' P&I\oBOI\CTBOTO na ceraumnan, I\UpeETOp'b 1'. lillaH'L CJIaBOB'L ce npsmpse HOBO e)l,HO npt6poRBaHlle. Pe3YJITaTIITt ce annxa 1888-1889 B'L 23 ltHHlKKII. 3 3anJIIOQUTeJIHaTa liHIlJKKa C'L OOllIIlTt pesYJITaT1I e no)l,'L rresan..

CIIOpe;\'L Hero !\HRiheCTBOTO nnm 3,154.375 ihlITemr, OT'L KOUTO 1,G05.389 m&JKI)e, 1,548.986 iEemI. Cranrcrnsara na Hapo)J,HOtTJI'It H'I., rona HOBO - II3i\aHlie e neC'LllbprneHna. 'fa Jam py6pIIIUI aa lJY7R)l,eHllII, RaRIlIITO W1 n1\KOII ORO.TtlllI ntllia HnRaR'.£" sa P"yCCH, CJ,p6n, APyrn C.lJaIHlHe, Hsmur II IlJpaHll,Y31I, a nanr, llItCTHI1Tt, i\a,1elI'1 no-

1 I

t i

-

1 Oqlljllll.\llaJlHa CTaTIICTlu;a na lIcTo'lHo-PYlIJCJIulicKOTO naceaeane, TIJIOBIIHB'b 1880, 40, bu C1P, C'h pacnps.jrnaeune cnopcm, napOI\1I0CTI!T'B (ll'BlIa R sa npoaaus},

• Peayara-rn 01'h np1;opOHBaHI!C HaCCJICllHerO B'h Hcrosua PYlIJCJll111 na 1 .HHyapllJl 1885, JIlCCTh RH~lIIKIi ll'h 40, IlbPBII'f1; 'fPIl, C'bllhplKal.l\ll OKl'3>31111; TIJIOB- 1I1I1lCliIlil, Tal'llI·'b·lla~ap~1I;nKCJi111', XaCJ;OBCliIOll, fa. uancxa'ranu L'b lIJIOBllIlB'b ]885, ocraaaam 1; B'b COq'Hll 1888. C'bl\b pinal''h rasa IIC'IO TaOJlIll\11 sa B'b3paC'Ib'fa, PCJlI1- ruara, aauarnero, ccueilaoro nOJIOlEeHlIe II T. n.

8 Peayarrrru OT'L upnopousanne aa naccxeunero B'h C'BBepHa 11 IOama IhJlTapnll ua 1 ~IH)'apHi1 1888 rOI\IlHa. Co¢nll 1888, 40, 23 IilIlIlKKI1 (nOCJI'BJI,HI1T'B TIll! ce llBI1Xa ll'b ABrYC1'L ]889).

~

MHoroopoiiHH PYM£.lIe II Tarape CM'BCBa B'L e~Ha pyoPIH\a nO~'L «~pyrn Jl3In~II.}) Jilant.lIo JIMa.1I0:

E'b.JIrape 2,326.250

TYPHII . 607.331

l'hpnn . 58.326

Ilurane . 50.291

HCnaHCRlI EBpeII 23.541

~pyrn CJ1aBHHe 5.768

Htl'lll,lI . 2.245

<ppaHll,Y311 . 544

)~pyrlI JfaJIHII 80.079

Ha KBa)l;paTeH'LKHJIQnleTP'L ce na)l;aT'L 31' 7 JImTemr. Ih OT~tJIIUIT'B 23 ospzra r&CTOTaTa na Haee.JIeHIIeTO e TBbP)l,t paa.lIll'ma: CeB.JIHeBO 49' 5, Paarpajn, 42' 7, TL PHOBO 42' 0, PYC11YK'b, 39' 5, CH.IIHCTpa 38'6, BII)l,JIH'll 37'0, IlIYl\IeH'L 35'8, Xacxoso 35'0, Tp'LH'L 34'8, II.wlmeR'b 34'1, Bpana 33'5, CmIIUOB'b 33'2, Coq,un 32'6, II.JIOB)l,llB'L 32'5, JloM'b 32'1, Crapa 3aropa 31'5, R.lOcTeH)l;lIJI'b 30'6, Paxouo 29'8, .iJoBe'l'L 28'3, C.lIlIBen'L 26.0, Bapaa 24'7, Tarap'slIa3ap~lKnK'b 23' 9, B-yprac'L 18' 7. IIpt~lnllHliTt lJ.cTO'lHO-PynleJIJIiiCnM OKP&3I1 e£. no-caano nacexenn OT'L OHMe IIplI fl:YHaB'bT'b. B'L ORO.JIHIITt IIDIa oute no-roasaa paarana : TLpHoB(,Ka OKO,IIIH 123.6, natrs IIeurepa 20, A06pII'l'1 18' 9, Ea.II'lUK'L 14' 9, Eyprac'b 14' 6, a Pyn'loc'L Belle caxo 9 lKII're.JIlI na e)l,IIH'L Ima~paTeH'L KH.JIOMeTp'L. 1 B'L PYMd\.nua ce naaarr. 41, B'b CI,POUJI 38, B'L rhpl~l!1I (1889) 34 lKHTe.1I1I na 1 I\Ba~paTelI'L RH.lloMeTp'h.

PO)J,elIlI B'b ItUHiRecTBoTo Cd\. 3,062.120 lKIITe.lIlI, II'L TyplllIlI [)4.462, B'L PYM£.HIIJf 11.843,B'll PYCCIIJf 9831, In Cr,poIIH 2690, B'h )l,pym ~LpiFiamI 7273, HeII3B'£CTII0 r~t 6156.

Ha 1000 DI.<Y.ffiLe ce lIa)l,aT'L 952' 4 jRemI. (lrnoiueanerc e paa,Ul'lllO Y OTJrB.IIHlI ua PO)l,II: y EBpeIITt ua 1 000 1I1£1&he 1006' 6 ffieILH, y l'I,P1IllT'f, 982, y E'L.JIrape'f'l> 967'4, y TYPHH'rt 960'6, y lljrranerf 943'1. Oraomenaero ce lutnYBa B'b nimOll 0l\P&31I: B'L TLpnOBCImiiT'L ORP&f'I, JIa 1000 l\1&1KI,e 1016 1KenlI (1881 : 1()14), 1l'L TP'LHCRIlH T'L 940 (1881 : 986), B'n BapneHcKIIMn 913; E']) CTapo-3arOpCfllIMT'L Ol\p£I".1 pO~OBI'Tt C& eJlnaRBo· caamr. B'L 'l'spnono pnmana npnxeuuara OT.II&'lRa na nnoro rpannrapn H iHlf\apU B'b'lY;Kouna, B'.1 Bapna, I\aRTO B'L BClPIRHT'B Ol\p&:m C'l, ro.ltlllll rpannua,

rapHII30H'bT'l,.

55

73'74 0/0 19'25 « 1'85 « 1'60 « 0.75 « 0'18 «

)

1 Ilpucunruarn OT'h aaes BbPXY OCIIOBaTa na J\aUIIIJ.T:B sa nOBbpXIIOCThTa on, C.1aBOBa (cp. CTp. 1).

56

HapOAOHaCeJIeHileTO.

Ha B'13paCTh JJ;O 15 rOJJ;HHH ca. 43'65 npou. on HaCe,JIeHH6T9 (22'36 M£lKb6, 21'2~) iKeHH). On lKHTeJIHTt no-reps OT'1 15 roJJ;HIIII Heom6HeHH c.£. 9'41 IIPOI.(. (5'80 MEJKbe, 3'61 lK6H11) , OiKeHeHII 41'96 npou. on'06 H 20'90), OB,IJ;OBtJIH 4:41 npOIC (1'35 II 3'06), pa3Be,IJ;eHH 0'08 npou. CB'1 ,IJ;BaTa nOJIa 6,IJ;HaI\BO).

lUeTplJ:lleCKII KHIIl'H B'1 TypCI\O BptMe e HMa.IlO caxo no rpasoaers ; HaBpeWh rf C..K B'1B6!1;eHH. e,IJ;BaM'1 1880 II Cd> noaspeaa na peJIJU'H03J1lITil BJIaCTH. Ba lIBlIlKeHUe aa lIaCeJIeHH6TO liMa ,IJ;O cera !l;aH- 1111 caxo aa CtBepHa B'hJIrapIIJI II TO. sa 'leTlfpllTt rO,IJ;HHII 1881- 1884. 1 CnOpe!l;'L TtX'J> cpt,IJ;He ·'IIICJlO na roranara ce naJJ;an 9'6 6paKa, 37' 2 pOiK)I;eHIuI II 18' 4 CMI,PTHII cJIyqall. ~laI\CHMYM'1T'1 POlKJJ;6HJlJI ce nasa ecem. MI1HIIMylll'hTl> npo.lltTb, MaKclIMYM'bTn na 6paKoB6Tt 3HMt, MIIHlIMyM'J>T'I, JItTt, MaKCHMYM'J>Tl> na C~ll>pTmITt CJIY'IaH T'J>iI. Cd>Il(O 31mB. lIIICJIOTO na HeaaIloHHopoJJ;enllTt e C'J>BCt~1'b nesaasaTeJIIIO, nanp. npt3'IJ 18H4 75 cptmy 80.257 pOlK,I(eHIIJI.

B'J> PYMeJIHiiCImfin CTapo-3aropcKIlii Offp..Kr'J>, ROHTO e Hail. -OCROBaTe.!IRO ncarrars no TpY,I(OBeTt aa r. MJIIlena, 2 npt3'J> 1884 na 1000 iKIIT6JIlI nam, ce IIall:aTT, 10 fipana (y B'J>JIrapeTt 10'4, y TYP~I1Tt 8), 42'9 pOiK)J;eUIIJI (y lh.JIrapeTt 44'6, y Typ~lITt 32'2) H 15' 3 CMJ,PTHII CJIY'lan (B'I>.JIrapeTt 15' 9, TYPlI,IlTt 11' 8).

Cnopern TBl'Plrt nOY'lllTeJIlnrfin nOllp06ell'J> panoprt, aa yrrpaBIITe.1ILT'L Apacon'J> BhPXY BapneHcffllHn OI\p..Kr'J> Ta~1'b HeTO ce rraJJ;aT'D 1888 na 1000 iKHT(\JfH 7'23 6palm, 33 p01ll'IIeHHH If 14 CMbpTHII CJIY'IaIf; Tim! UIItPPH ce llItHYBaTD, ooaqe, cnopert rrpt,l(CTaneHIITt OT'J> Hero·TaomH.\1I 1881-1888 If no rOAIIHlf II rro oTHtJIHII OI\OJIIIII B'J> OI\P£r'1T'b. 3

CIIJIHOTO napacrnamre na nacerennero, npn eAIIH'J> 1I3JIIHueJ\'J> OT1> 18 pOlKReHuH na)J;CL e~lf,pTlnrTt CJIyqan pro XlWHRa, me e O'IeBIfAHO, ~01lI'J, ce CpUBlIHT'L r.IIUBHlIrn l)eaY.IITaTII na )J;oeeranuuITt TpH nexapJIIIBII nptfipoHnamIII. IIpnpaeT1,TTJ na naceaenaero na ctnep'b OT'b BaJIRaH'DT'b B..KTpt B'J> Cei\eML rO,~lHIlI 1881-1888 e xncro He e)l,HaK'DB'1:

BapHeHCInIH Ol\p,v,I'"L 22' 2, 4 I\IOcTeHi.\HJIeRuH 13' 8, BUAIIHCJ\IIH 11' 4,

1 JJ;BHmelIlle na HaCeJIClIIteTO. COIjIHll 1889 .II: CJIil,n;. (Hae TO nOJIY'lllXMe no spmrero aa ne'laTaHneTO).

2 IbllCH'h, Orn.po-Saropcxai! OKpa,r'h B'h eKOHOMH'leCKO o raotneaae. Craps 3aropa 1885, CTP 18 II CJIBiI

~ p;paCOB"b, ,7l;oKJIa,n;'h EbPXY C'LCTOllHlleTO na B"pHeHcKl'd!r"b OKp&r"b 1888 - 9. IJp1lAcTaBeH"b na 1 Ceureaupaa 1889 OT"b Bapneucnanr-s OKpa..lKeH'h YnpaBHTeJIh nplI orrepaaaaaero aropara ceccnu aa BapHeHCItOTO OKpa..mHO nptucraaaTeJICTBO. Hapaa 1889, CTp. 28 II C.I'B/I.

4 Bapueucnuar-s OKpa..r"b IIOJIY'llI Mem,n;y TOEa 34 ceaa C"b 11 ,310 lit. OT"b CnJIIICTpenCKIIHT"b ospar-s H OTCT£IIH no ell80 ceJIO aa OKpa..311TB CHJllICTpeHcKIIu II illYMencKllli.

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JI;BHlReHHe na aaCeJIeHHeTO 'iqp1l3'b npaceanaaaa,

ClI.JIHCTpeHCImit 6' 4, Halt- 1I0CJI:B ~a IIp:B,)(CTaBJI e)(HII,£ IIPHM:B p1. OT'£ 1JHCTO 6'£JIrapcKHitn i{ellTpaJIHHii BaJII\aH,£, B'£ ra5poBcIlaTa OKOJIIIJI 10-1. B'£ ollBUIa HCT01JHa PYMe.JIlIJI ce anae ellHO 1I0CT01lHHO YMHolKaBaHKe sa Tpll rO/(HHH 1885-1888: aaup. TaTap'1-IIaaap)(2KHKcKHHn OKp.Kr'£ OKOJIO 3' 7, Crapo-Baropesaar» 3' 5 upon.

BaBHO napozoaacezaaaae. IIpBB'bcXOJlCTBO aa TYPU;HTB no paBHIIHIITB II TBXIIOTO B'b3- spsmaaae. Ilpsceasaaaa na Ii'buapeT'Il I'paxamo naceasanae na TYPo;lITB OT~ 1877 aacasrs , IJpolrb41116Hlle aa BAl.Tp'llUlHOTO 3aCCJIBaHlle. ROBa KOJ[OHllaaO;IfIl sa.

paB!lHfIlIl'1>.

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HaCeJIeHHeTO na E'b.JIrapHH e B'b 1I0CTOHHHO )l;BHiKeHHe OTL npsCeJIlIBaHHe, HaCeJlBaHHe JI 3aCe.JIBaHHe. Ha nspao M:BCTO CTOll OT'£ e)(Ha crpaaa HCQe3BaHHeTO na TYPIJ,HTt, HanOC.JI't)(He qpi;n rpallla)l;HH exarpaIJ,HH, OT'b IIPyra crpaaa HeYIIJ,piKHMOTO paenpocrpaaenae na B'bJIrapert no nsaara crpaaa, Toil3H IIpOueCC'b He e HOB I, H e OT'b HCTOpHQeCKHR IIHTepeC'b. IIo-cHJIHOTO pacmaperrae aa o,]).JIrapCKrrHT'b e.JIe~IeHT'b aaXBaHa oute OT],> HaqaJIO na nanrero CTOJItTlfe, naro npsm, O:BJItr'b na B'b3pa2K)(aIOrn;aTa ce OTHOBO uapoana MOlll;!). Ilo-pannoro KOJIlIqee,TBeHH() npt06.JIallamre ua TYPIJ,H IlL IIO-BeqeTO paBHIIHlI pa3HCHHBa C&'IUO K'.LCHOTO HaCT&.IIBaHlIe ua 6,])JII'apCKOTO HapO)lHO )I BlIlK enae.

n.[aHHnCKIITt. llItCTHOCTH, OCBtHL IICTOqHaTa sacrr, na POlIonHTt H EaJIKaH'bTJ>, He IIPOM:BH11Xa IKHTeJIHT:B C11, I\aKTO 11 3anaA']), r)ltTo IIpH .'laBOIOBaHueTO TYPIJ,UTt ce aa ceaaxa caxo 110 rpa)(OBeTB, 1I0HelKe namtpHxa orsopeaara aexa )lOop'll 3aCeJIeHa. }!IHaI\]) croeure pariorara B'1 ro.rr:BMHTt TpaImHCR11 paBHlfHII II HCTO'lHa IIpUAYHaBCRa BJ>"lJrap11l1. IIo Bptllle na aaBOIOBaH11eTO T:B otxa orrycromean 11 aa TOBa np:B)(crannxa C,])B1pmeHHO CBOOOJl;HO nore sa OCnIaHCrm KO,)IOHlIaaIIIIH.

B'£ Tpaaaa np:Bn nropara 1I0.1I0BHHa na CPBAHIITt BtKoBe CNi iKIIB:B.[1I B,])Jlrape C'L pacnpr.cnarn B.IllllIIlH eJIelUeHTH no n.l.laHlfHHTt, ]3'£' Eam{aH'£T'J" Cp'l;)(HlI I'opa J[ PO).lOIIIIT:B. AOJIHH 'I'paxna on OIWllH,£ )1;0 Ilpononrnna e 6JIJIa l~BtTYl~a crpana CJ> llIHoroopoHHIf rpr.IIKH rpa)lone II '!{KptneHII 3a~l'brVf, IwnTO c&. 05pa3YBamr p&.6,])TL no e:BBepHIllin Kpali na Po!(omrrt. BJ> llIelK)lY JIe'IHOTO npoorpaucrno lIoKpait rpa UMlJ,aTa MeiKAY Br.arapna II HeTOqHO- Plf3ICKa nlllneplIlI ce e npocrapaaa (lAna Maoo aaceaena lIyCTIIHII, all 'lITeTO neaaBH)J;HO C'LCTOlIInre soeaaara JICTOpHH II .JIereH)lIITB OTT> onne Bp·tnleHa (oeooenao nil Gregorios Sinaites) l~aBaT]) uimOII )~aHJUI. TYPCKOTO 3aBOeBaHIIe AOKapa na TIle ae~IH np0).l']),IIiKIITeJleH'l mIIpb II, ouie B'b FpaRT,]) na 14-TO CTOJItTim, OCMaH(~Ka RO.[OHIl3aIJ,IHl. Cnope1(']) XaJIKOIWH)lIIJI'b lII:BCTHOCTLTa llJIOBJI,HB'L u Baropa

57

- \

58

Hapcroaaceaenac TO.

e 6UaKOJIOHII3IIpaHa npa Mypa~']) I, a npt~t.ll'1T']) . MelKAY II.IIOB~HB']).· II' Crapa II.IIaHlIHa npa BaH3H~,]) 1. II OT']). rorana )1;0 Ha'la.110 na HU(jTOHmeTO CTO.IItTJIe TypnllTt C& onu B,}) OOJIIDlInCTBO B']) pt'lHlIltn Upt/litJI,]) na l\1apJlna, oeefienno no HeHHllTt paBHlIH~I. HIIe snaem. sa TOBa He caxo OT'b llltCTHll npt~aHlIa, HO C4\II(O nOT']) HCHOTO CBlIj),tTeJICTBOBaHJle aa M'BCTHYriiT,]) uacareas, IIOII,]) ItoHcTaHTIIH,]) B,]) HerOBOTO 1819 no rpsunn uanesarauo OTIIrcaHlIe na II.llOB)l,HBCRaTa enapxnn, KaRTO nOT']) IIMeHaTa ua llltcTaTa. B'b ORO.UHOCTJlT'B na I'araps-Ila- 3ap~lKIIR'b, IIJIOE)J,IIB'b, lInpnan']), Crapa-Baropa, JhrOOJI'b, KapnOOaT'b, Bnrac']) 11 OT,]) TaM'}) na 101'']) ~O O)J,PJlH,]), f1\'tTO cera oeraaam caao He3Ha'HlTeJIHII OCTaTlnI orb OCMaHCKOTO naceaeane, nllleHaTa ua ceaa, nOJIeTa,ptRII, ropa, nacmua, o'])p~a, n T. H. nptIIlIlYlll,eCTBeHHO ('3, TypClnI. OT']) 52 ceaa B'b lIlIprraHcRa ORO.IJIUI eano 2, a OT']) 48 B']). Ce~MeHcRa ORO.llIIH caxo 3 HOCHT,]) He TypClHI IIMeHa. l£UR'L npn nO)l,HOlKHeTO na nJIaHJ1HHTt nosena np'BlI,t.ll'LT'L, rll.tTo Ha~BJIBa o'])uapCRUra HOMeHRJIaTypa.

BaEHO ce e pacnpocrpanaaa.n, OTROBO O'LJlrapCRlIMT,]) eJIelllellT'L, 'lpt3'b II3MllpanlIe na OCManllTt, aa ROllTO CJl. Te;ntJIH BCnQRlITt Otl(CTBIIH OT'h soenaara C.lIYlKoa II 'lptn ROJIOnII3IIpamre xpnCTfHmCRI1 cerane no TypCKIITt I1MOTlr II BaIly4HI, aa IweTO CJl.lII,eCTBynarL CBlI/\tTeJICTBa OT,]) 16 -TO II 17 -TO CTo.ll1mIJI. OClIIanCROTO uaeeaenue He e Oll.UO nonrpsnnnaao OTI. nHKaRBll nplIIDJIel\H, a naIl']) xpnCTIIHIlC·ROTO ee e YCII;ma,IJO 'lpt3'1 uenpt. K&Cna'ro npnxoaranae OT'L OJUIllilIlITB II.'IUHlUHr. Tana IIJIOB)J,llD,]), 'l'arap-s- IIa3apl\lliIIR'L II liP. JIO Bpt~leTO aa I'epaaxa II I(pyril nareuieCTBeHIlHnH on 16-To cToJl'imle CJl. OU.HI ro.['BMII llIyxaMe/l,anCRII rparone c,}) He311a'H1Te.llHII XpnCTlHlHCRII OOlIl,IIHI1; nOCJItl\HIITt oaBlIO napacrsaxa B'b JIO-HOBO Bp'BlIle C'b IIC'Ie3BanIIeTO aa OCMaHcIIntiT,]) e.T[e~IeRT'I,.

B'b I10H'fHHCIIUMT'b npt)I,t.1J'b no BptllIeTo H3 TypCIIOTO sasoeeanae ).I;oOPYII,lli31ICII3Ta crens e On.lJa nYCTHHH, "desHt um" aa Andreas de Palatio 1444, OCT3na.UIT'B no-jotipn lII'BCTHOCTII CJl. OUJIU onycrourena 'lpt3'1 TaTapCl\II HaXJlynaHIIJI OT'L IOlKna PyeclHl. 3aceJIenl1 OT'L CP'B!(H1l'f'B B'BROBe ram, COO("TBeIlno cera CJl. B'I,.1TuperB B'L lII'BCTaTa IllyMen'L, l\oTe.n II C.IIllnelI'I" nOCJIt TypCIUI rouopnmars «I'araysa» (Kyxane) npn Bapna II l'I,pnuTt B'L cTapuT'l, IIoHTniicKII rpamse, Y cutX,])T,]) aa OCMa1lCIIaT3 xoaonaaaunn IIO TIle IIpt)rtmr naM'L I' llIaJIKO IIO- 3HaT'L. I'a, oe3'1 C'LMH'BUUe, ce e paannnasa oaBlIO, C'L C'L)J,'BMCTBlleTO na pa3JIII'lHH tjJaIlTopII. Uptn II3..TYBaHIleTo no llcTo'lmrti BaJIIIaH,]) sa MenI, crana JICHO, 'Ie ~relK)l,y Ta~lOrnHIITt TYPl~H, saeaun c']) nptceJIelll1TB AHI!JI.OJII~II, ce naaaparr, II nOTOllIIW OT'L B'1I1rape, lWUTO naemo C'L HCJIaM'bT'1 CJl. npaeru II TYPCIi'll!!.T}, JI3l!IrL, aauioro T'BXHIIT'B ~l'BCTa ome

p;BllllieHlle aa HaCeJ!eHl~eTO Qp1l3'b npnceasaaan.

59

-

HOCHT'L 01J.lIrapCliH HlIfeHa ua cera H .lIJIBai\U (no )l,OJlHH J1Yl\a KaMqUH, IIpuEcRU-)1,iKYlllMI II T. H.). OT'.b i\pyra crpana C1J 3aCe.lIBaHUeTO na Typll,lf B'I, H'lmoe Ce:IO qeCTO OCTaT1JR'bT'LXPIH'TIIHH6 TpttiBaJlO e Hafi-llOCJI'B 1\0- OpOBOJIHO I\a OTCTa.nHT1J. MHOrO narn TO ClI e OCTaBaJlO npa OIIIITBanaero, RaTO B'.b H'lmOlr ce.ra no I{OTJ1eHclu1ilT'.b Ba.llHaH1J, rl\'BTO llIa.JII\aTa ocaancaa RO.1I0HlfH Hapel\1J C'.b CIJ.TlHaTa XPUCTlIJlHCRa oOlIIlIHa e aanajtnaaa !friBa])!']) HeOTRO.lIt (B1J I'paxem., J{\epaBHa, l\leI\BtH1J II i\P.) TIPI[ Ito Te.d, ECRlI-P,lI;YllIaH 1I na 3anai\1J B'b TYSJIYR1JT'.b JIO H3IIROCJIOBHaTa rpauana mra B1J:Irape, OaU(JlT'B na RonTO Cd'. iI\lm'B.'!II B1J ome cera nan1J,'IHO TypCRII ceaa II on Ta~1'.b )(OOpOBOmIO ce Cd'. np'BCe.IfUJlII B'Ir OJIHiKHJITt t),])JIrapCRU eeaa. TYI\'.b-Ta~I'.b ce HaCTaHHBaT'.b OTI\'IlJIIlII 01JJIrapCRJI OOlIIUHII C'.bBcb!']) 3aoOlIRo.lJeHII OT'b OCluaHII ( aanp. Bapi\yu1J npn OCIlIaU'.b-TIa3ap1J, p,emm II rp.}, TOBa IIIY/IHO Hanptl\BaIllle aa OCMaHII3M1JT'I. ce cnpn OT1J Cl,OIITIHlTa na aamero CTO.lJ:'f.TIle.

Crpyna ee, qe llle1Ni\Y yne.1JIQeUneTO na o'.b:IrapcRuIiT'.b e.lIeMenT'b B,]) Tpanr H II B1J3JlpI)lIIaHlleTo na lloe:rhi\HIIlln B'b mtCTHOCTHT'B '1')'3- JIyR'b, l'epJIOBO, p,emIOpIUaH'I) II T. 1I. na c'lmep1J on Baaxaacaara nepnra JIlIIa n3aIIl\lHO OTHOrneHIle. On iWIlYlIleUTIIT'B na 17-1'0 eTO,TlrfIle Y3Hanaae sa otraIIlle'fO na 01"rrrapCIllI ceanae OT'b HlIIlono.ICIlO II JloBqauCRO na lOr'b B'b paBHlIHlIT'B lllea,;IY BaJIIlaH'bT'b II II.[OBI~IIB1J, II 1I1'BCTHlt np'Bi\anlIH pacnpanarr, Ca.lIIO uanp, sa O'Bil;aHlI,II OT'b p,eRna npa IlpoBa)(fHI, IlOlITO ce yna.nr.llIr B'b « i\OJIHlIll IlIJ.11aeT'b» IIplI JhIUO.T('b. TpaImiicROTO noae e UIliIO lUHpHa crpaua, a naR'b P,YllaRCRaTa oO.T(aCTb 6 UUJIa nOCTOHHlIO otiecncxoauaaa OT'b Bonin!'!"B ua TYP~lIT'B cp'BnwTpaHCII.!IBaIllVI, ABCTPIIi1l1,lI, 1l0.1}1lIII 1I Pyccn. Ce,1I1HeT'B OT'b npn AYHaB,])T'~ 'leCTO ca.. U'BraiIII II B'b Baaunto, II noc;rB np'j,3'b Tarapcnurf nOXOAH naR1J ce BPI'lIIMlI naaars, (lRO.1IO 1730 l\IHOiI1eCTBO Ce~IeflCTna ce usce.Ull.1UI on HIIIlOIIO.1CRO B'b Eanarr., firlJ'ro II il,necI) lKIIBtHT'b 22.000 Bi.arape. 1

PYCCRlITt Bolhm OT,]) Bpt}[eTO na nOXoilIITt na Ilxneparpaua Esarepnna II npuunurxa ouie nO-rO;I'B~IlI il,IlIIiKenlIil. 3aBoIOBaHaTa OT'I. Pyecmt 1812 Beccapaomr crana o,'!aroc.llOBeua aexa sa saotmaJIaTa pana, IIa noaro iI1IIBOT1,'f'j)· o'l\ TeiI1'LR'I, IIP'B3'b aHapXUHTa npn CeJIII~l'~ 1lI, 1l'b3CTanIIeTO na BIWIHcIUrll Ilaanam-Ilama n pa300llHIIQeCTIlaTa na Ihpi\iI1a.lIIIITt. On Bmaucxara enapxnn rorana 3aotrua B'b Baannro rO.lltlllO QUC.I0 iI1IITe.II1 If el\Ilal\I'b nO-Il'bCHO nuaerxa ce B'b3Bl,pHa nail,IIpt. Pyccsara BOHlIa 1828-1829 una sa ciIti\CTBlIe e;\I1O l\Ia.llIW napoil,OnptWIeHIIe. 4400 ce~lenCTBa C'b OIlO.10 27.000 il,)'llill IIOTerJIIIXil

l

,.....

1 Acta Bu'gnriae ecclesiasflca (Monumenta spect hist. Slavorum merid XYlIl), 3arpe6'b (Rrroc.ras. AKaAe}lllll) 1887.

60

Hapoaonaceaeaaero.

OT'll MtCTHOCTlITt OI~PlIH'll, JbIOOJIl1, Caaaem., nyprac1> II npOBa)l;B:R Jil1M'I> Becoapatiaa, Hali-MHoro Bsarape, aaegao C1> HtKOJlll,HHa raraplI, A.1l6aHlI,H OT'I> IIpoBaAHH 1I OAPHHCKH I'spna.

ITo aseaare aa neccapa6CKHTt O'I>JlrapCRH CeJIa ee napasars M:HOFO l'Itcra na rol''I> Onna.llRaIUn, HO C£.IURHCRH no-aetero C£. TYPCRll; rasa lUOTO II B'I> POI(HRT'B ClI cera Tt3H Bsarepe C£. HOBH KOJlOHHCTH. MHoro Br.rrape no OHOBa BptMe ce HaCTaHlIU B1> ~IOJll(aBa II B~alIH\O. Ho neae OKOJlO 1833 ce nouna e)l;HO npscereaae Ha3al\'I>, 8"1> KoeTO npaexa 1'laCTUe 6.l1H3Y· 900 ceMelicTBa H3'I> Beccapafiaa. )lHo3HHa, ooa'le, He ~TJlfJlt\_'Xa' 1J;iY"POI(HOTO' CH MtCTO, a ocrauasa no na..TbT'b 1I3'L - onycTollleHlITt ceaa no BapHelICRO 11 IIpOBaI(HlicIW, RaTO CBo6ol(HII IlOCeJIeHlI,ll JIJlU KaTO pa60THUlI,I1 no 'lIl4J.lIIIUIITt ua TYPCIU1:Tt (jeose. B'L CJltll;cTBHe na TOBit sacn, OT'll THe IIOHTIIltCRII D1>JIrape OTn BTOpO II rperso no- 1\O.lltHlre rrpoaamaa OT'I, JiMOO.llCRO. 1

IIptn MIlPHHAT1l nepzori, 1829-1877 uycranaara ~YHaBcKa crpana 3aCeJlH.llU Bt.arnpe OT'L ra..CTO Hace.rremriirl1 ctBepeHl1 CIUOH'I. na BaJlKaHCRaTa nepara. BaJIKaH)l;lKHU OT'L TbPUOBCKIlfi. oRpa..rl1 ce naCTaHlIJIU OI\oJlO PYC'l)'R'b, OB'lapH om ItoT.lIeHcRo TI'L ~o6py)J,lKaHCl\aTa pammna, r)1,tTo .nspso Bp't,nre Tt ca.. XO)l,H.JIH caMO na nacauia 3IImt, OT'I> noc.llt, otiaue, CII RymIJIU 3eMli II OCTaHa.llII. 1I0 C£'U~OTO Bptme nopant arpapnn npwlIIHII, ocotieaao OT'b YrHeTeHIIeTo na TypCRUTt seaeB.lJa;~t.lJlI,lI. e rrpOU3J1t3JIa CHJIHa e"ml'paI~UH na 3e~Ule)l.tJI[III on, qnpnancaara II Crapo-Saropcna pa IlIIllHII Bl1 1,0CTa orrycTollleHlITL CJItl('L 182!) rrp'tll;LJIII ~IejK)l.Y O~PllH1> H BypraccKIIti 3a.'!lIS'L, B'L ~ltCTHOCTIITt ItaBaK.IJlI, 1\'b3'1JI'I>-Ara'll1, JIM60.111 II Bypract,: 1(0 oaoa HatiBliCORa TOl[Ra Ta31I exarpanna Tptosa na e crarnaaa OROJIO 1860. 'l'perso reseaae ce e yn£.TII,lO rrpt3'IJ MlIpHIITB Bpt~IeHa na CYJITaH'b Max~IYI"I, II R1>~l1> pannaanrt na )l,O.1HlI TpaKull,' )1,0 OKOJIHOCTUTB na PO,~OCTO, ~epRoc'I, n cal\uIli Ilapnrpars ; TO ce e nosaaro T1ti C£.lUO on Bal'OpCRO H 6mIlltHUTt n.llaHlIHU, POIJ,OlllITt II Crpannaa. Ilaremecrnnnra on 18-To cTo.TIITlle l'leffiiW llaparpam II .lIo3eHrpM'b (Ihpl\JIllce) oute He CIlOl\IeHysan HllRaIn sa B'bJIrape. Onurnaaaero ua TypCIlOTO rrpaBHTeJICTBO, aa YCII.llll l\lyxallre)~aHClmlin, e.ae)leHT1> l[pLn 3aCeJI· nanue na TaT ape (1861) 11 lIepKeclI (1864), OCTaHa ua nycro.

HOBn npnaparn )l,OKapa ptmaIOma-ra BORna 1877 -18 7 8. Ouie npu mpmrf'B )l,tlicTBnu Br.araperf OT1> Crapa-Baropa, I'ta3aHJI'bK'L, Tr.onca n 3.llaTIIlI,a 3a6trnaxa B'I> oKKyrrupaHaTa 'laCTb rrpn Tspneno II eBlImOBl1, II 'laIrb (\'b uanpinsaaaero na PYCCIITL ce aanspuaxa naKl1 Ha-

• 1 'I'orasa U-BKOII: O,];PI'IHCKII: T'spua ce C..K 3aCeJlllJII'I B'b IlPllAIl 1829 apaaYTCKl'IliT'b KapaXIOCCeIl.H'b Ilpll. K03,IYP;1Ka, ri\-BTO T-B Uall-BpllJII1 caxo Tpl1 TYPCKI1 R&.m;ll.

~lllReHBe na aaceaeaaero '1p1l3'b np1lceJlBQH1l1I

61

.-

aa]l,'I>. 1l0]l,IIPI> naxennero Ha 1l.lItBeH'I> BCII'lK1I l{epKeclI II TBI,P]l,t roJltM'I>]l,t,n Or'I> OCMaHCKOTO HaCeJIeHlIe na T'I>JIlllI aa6tmaxa K'I>M'I> Ilaparpam, Ctp'I> II CO.JI"yH'I>. C.JIt]l,'I>. CK.JIIO'IBaHlIeTO ua MHp'I>T'}, B'I>3Bp1Iq3' HlIeTO na TYPCKHTt 6tlKaHIIlI (llIyxa]l,lKlIplI) ce npO]l,'I>.JIlKaBa I~t.JI1I TpI1 rO]l,IIHlI. MH03lIHa, nanp. COqllIHCKIITt rpasnaae, 1I306mo He ce sspaaxa naaam II xaoro TYPCKII eeaa aanyorbxa. CKOPO, 06a'le., OHJle, mo ce nspnaxa, noxaaxa OTHOBO )l,a ce OTTe.r.JIHT'I> II C'I> TtX'I> 3ae]l,HO II OHlIe MyxaMe]l,aHIVI, KOJITO BCn'lKO BptMe cnOROHHO I'll 6txa CTOJIJIII B'I> K&mlI. Tona J\BHlKeHne ce npO]l,'I>JIlKana ome II ]l,HecI,. IIPlI'IlIHHTt aa TOBa C& pa3Ho06pasHIL rOCnO)l,CTBYIOmeTO nOJIOlKeHHe na XpIICTlf1fHert, noeanara c,rrYlK6a nch XPIICTJIHHCRa BOHCRa, HIIBeJIJIJIpOBaHlIeTo aa I~tJIlIiiT'I> iKlI· BOT'}, nocptl\eTBOM'I> HOBII 3aKOHII C& npOTHBHII na TYPI~M1'B. O1'}' )l;pyra crpana Iloprara 6.lIarOnplIHTcTuyna na TaH eMJIrpaIVIR, KaTO Hal\tJIHBa 6tlKaHI~JITt C'I> 3e~IH ~lelKl\Y OJl:PUH'I> II Ilapnrpam II ocotieano B'}, MaJIa A31IH {npn Bpycca II np.], 3a c'I,iKa.lItmIe, Ht~Ia CTaTlICTll'leCKJI ]l,aHHII BJ>PXY TaH eMIIrpalIUH aa IIt.1I3Ta orpana, ra II cpaaneaaero I~lIIJlPlITt na naCeJIe.HIIeTO 1880 - 81 II 1888 He nouara sa HI1mo, 3amOTO 3aBpI,maHJIeTO II HOBOTO OTTer.IIHHIIe na (1)jJ\aHl~ll1'B najta B'I> DlelK)l,YJle. K'bT'I, na rona Bp'BMe. Han-caana TH e OIIJIa 1878 -1884, xoraro IIt.HI ceaa ce Cd>. 1I3CeJIII.lJlI. OT'}, 1877 naCMI'}, OOII\OTO 'IIICJIO na 1I3· ce.lIeHlI'rt Typnn TpMn3 I\a na)l,MIIHYBa CTO XII.lJJII\II. liaceaaamrero ne IIptcTaB3: 1889 OT'1) BapneHcRuii ORP£.l"b ]l,0 1 AnrycT'I> Cd>. 1I3.rrt3JIII ~) 7 6 TYPIUI. 1

IIp'B3'b PYCCRara IIaR'I, Ol\RynaJ~lHI O'bJIrapCh'lI exnrpanrn IIOTerJIIIXtl I1S'1) OCTaBenlITt na Iloprara npt)l,t.lIlI B'b OCBOoO]l,ena'1'a 3eMJI. lIo 041- IJlIIIIIfa.TII1lI ]l,anHH nptn 3n~Ia'1'a 1878/9 B'I> E'bJIrapUH II PY~lemm e IIMaJIO nO'l'1'1I 50000 nptce.lJenIIII lI3'h Wilma TpaRJIH, JIP'BlI~lymeC1'BeJIHo u:n, MtcTaTU JIO )l,o.llHU l\lapIIl\a IIplI <Depa, AlIlIloTlIRa, Y3yn'b-RIOJIPlIJI, Xaiiileoo.1'I, (BUS. Chariupolis), OI\PIIlI'I> n .1l03eHrpal\'I>, n OCBtWb TtX'b 20000 6'BiKaHIIII II3'I> ctBepHa l\laRell:OHIIH. rOJltlllO 'lIICJIO CROPO ce BI,pHa naaars, noneae PeylJl'I> llama, Ra'1'O IIPI,B'f, ryoepHa'1'Op'1) B'I> Oll:PIIH'b nOl\lIpb BoiinaTa, B'I>Be]l,e Ta}1'J, 1\0C1'a ll:oopt nape)l;eno ynpaB.1IeHue. B'I> lIcTo'lna PYlllemili 1880 ocranaxa caao 18.173 TaKUBa 6tiKaHl,1I (no D1eiKll:Y JIM'I> 203 I'spnn), OT'}, ROIITO IIO'lTlI nOJIOBIIUaTa ce naoraaaxa B'I> EypracmmfiT'}, OI'Pd>.l"L. OKO,10 4500 ce noceraxa B'I> KHJIiKeeTBOTo B'I> BapnenCRlliiT'I> ORPd>.l"J" JIO- nesero B'I> 3anycTtJIIIT'B

. t llP1l3'b rOllllHIlT1l H!81-1889 ce ca.. Il3CeJIHJIII Il3'b BapHeHCKH11T'b ospxr'r- 12.034 'I'ypna (lIaKcIlMYM'b ·1883 : 3427), 1l3'b P83rpallcKHll:T'b oKpa..r'b 1882-.3 B'b npOII'bJilReHlle na 22 M1lce~H 15,099 B'b PYMeJlIlHCKIl'I'II OIlOJIHIl lfHpn8HclIa II CeH' xeacna B'b 1885 B'b 25 HeOTKOJl'llillIlIl JIIyx8MellaHcKil 06~IIHII H1lMallle sese 'I'ypua.

62

HapOIlOHaC~J1eHHeTO.

TypCRII Ii tepxecsn Ce.JIa. C£IIIO II on, ~IaKe;J,OHilIITt nptn 3lIMaTa 1879-80 .e IiMa.JIO caxo Ma.JIKO H1ml0 nosese orb 7000 B,]) norpaaanHIITt ~ltCTa. OT'J) rBX'J) MH03IIHa ce aasspaaxa B,]) OTelIeCTBOTO ca ; ).{pyrH ce aaceanxa B'1 Bapna, Tya.l£Ylcb, 3.JIaTlIII,a, COl}lHfl, l!;YIIHIUI;a II liIOcTeH].{IIJI'1.

CIWPO ce ntcTllxa II B,])JIrape, lIIIIITO nptiJ;tilll otxa OTIIIlIJIII B,]) IIo-].{a.JIelIHll 3eMII. 113'p BeccapaOCI\II II PYM£.HCKU rpajone IIo-rOJItMaTa qaCTb on oripaaonanaara II 3aMOiKHa sracea ce 113C(".JIII Bll IiHHiKecTBoTo. OKO.JIO 1000 Er.arape on PYM£.HCKa l!;oopYI~lKa IIOTerJlIIXa B'J) BapHeHCKIIliTL O!lp£rll. RJ) .JIOMCIOIllT,]) onpzr [, ce nr.pnaxa ].lBt cera, IWCeJIeUli npa KO.IfOHII3aIlIIH'ra ua Taraperf 1861 n'[, TaBplI'IeCIIa ryoepluIiI, nll IOiKHa PYCCIIJI. HtKOJIIW CTOTJIHIf KaTOJIUqeCIUl Br.rrape OT'J) Banars ce nacrauaxa R'J) CBlIll(OBCIlIIHTll OI'P£'Y1). ~OCTOrrpImIBqaTe.'IHu c£. OJIII3Y 1000 BllJIrape on MaJIa-A3IIJI, SaCeJIenII on 1880 B'J) OKp3t3IITt CmIIuoBcKUli men, CIO.JIe, AK'!ap'J), AJIeRCaHiJ;pOno) II BapHeucKuH (fi03JIYlliKa, ApaMJIapIf), II .Ell TyS.JIYWhT'l> (fiYPYtliKU-epeH'1)). 1"1; npOII3JIII:mH on lIut IBOJIIIpanU IIOCe.JIeHIfiI, ellllO no-crapo B1, CeJIOTO 1i3t3J,-lIepneHT']) npa HIII\eJI If rpyro IIO-Hono JI'J) nl'1;cTHOCT['Ta l\Iyxa.IIIIlJD npn Epycca. JI\IITeJIIITt na llhPBOTO Tptfina Ila ee c£. lI3ce.IIUH 01';0.[0 17 -TO CTOJIBTJre, na nOCJIB;IIIeTO n']) RpaHT'L na 18-TO CTOJIB'rne II TO on pa3JH[QHII Tpalml1CIm lUBCTHocnr {tJ,mIOTlma, TIHpnarn 11 I(P,); ron rnsopars nOQTII nOJIOBHH,]) TYPCKlf.

B£.Tp'lnIIHoTo I!p'tceJIBaHIIe OT,]) IIJIaHlUIIITB Ell paananara CJItllBll Herrp'im3tCHaTO. IIJIaHIIHIJIITB OTJ) I'ereaerrs oaBHO ce crrymarn B'J) Pa:XOBCKOTO nO.JIe, onae OT'J) CeBJIIleBO II ra5pOBO II']) paanautern MeJK~y Tspuoso JI CBfImOB'L, onne 01"1) I'phnna II EJIeHa JIO- nese l\DML PU3rpU)l;']), onae om IJtOTeJI'L, l\aKTO no-npsm, Illl ~05pYlllKa. TeseaaeTO BJ)PBIf KJ)]II'J) nali-AoopUT1> II Hali-TyqUlf nurera na ~YHaucKaTa 06- aacrs ; aarona KOJIOHIlsalJ,JInTa na oCK£.i~HIIliTJ, JI30CTaBeH,]) OT}' TyplJ,u- 1"1> 'fY3.IJ.YK'[, nanpsma ml1 no-zerna. B']) ~eKeMBpI1lt 1881 Bll liHl!.iKCCTBOTO HaC'lI1TaXa 40.000 SeiUJle)IBJl'leCKII HonII HOCeJIeHIII1; HapCIrJ) (jll eMI1rpaHTI1Tt U3'J) ~IaKeIlOHUJI II IOJKHa 'l' paKlfH OaJIKaHlIlIUIHT'B Il,]) BctlmM c.JIYQal1 C'LeTaIlJITll OOJIIIlIIHCTIIO. IIpaBI1TeJIcTBoTO lIMll ornyurame IIUpU'lHIf HocoonH aa I(a ClI KyIIHT,]) 3e:ll.lfe1lBJIlIeCKII ct'IIIBa. H3CMllaH1IeTOOT'_r, 6tIlHHTt, cTYi~eHu oa,1ImHcRII )l;O.JIHHII IH'OTllaBHU ce YIT£.TBa na lO1'll, OT'J) raopoBcKHT1, If TpBnHeHCKIT n.JanHHIT KllMll n.[O)l;OHOCHHT'B He TBJ)PAt I'3tCTO naceaeaa OKP&3H I'La3an.[,])IIIKIfM II Hoao-Baropcaaa.

Haii-)l;oopOTO )l;OKa3aTeJICTBO sa carara aa Tan B3tTp'1;IIIHa KMOHH- 3UlJ,IfJI e 06CTOIlTeJICTBOTO, se OT,]) 338 XpnCTHJIUCKIf ceza B'1) Bapueacaara n Illyaencsa enapxaa He nO-llIaJIKO OT']) 135 C.JIB).{L PYCCKO-TYPcKaTa Boitua lIllIan HOHlf lKUTCJIH, 11 nee BllJIrape. Ilocreneano TH IIII' nosere KllML HO-r&CTO II no-panaoaspno 3aCeJIUBaHl1e na IIBJIaTa crpaaa.

-

I. B'h.llra pera,

63

3. 0 T ,II; 1>.IT H liI T 'fj HAP 0 ,II; n,

A. UR,II;OeBponeitn; If.

I. B'1JIrapeTt

a) B'L 0 0 nt HOC T b.

--

P acnp'll~1l.lleHBe B'h crpaaara. 1'OIIOBHI'[ I'[ ceacsa HMCHa • .H3I'[K'hry. H HeroBHT1l Hapll'IBH. Tarrs, reanepaaear-s, xapaarep s. KpeTHfUI3M'h. 06.11'1lK.IIO. Oeaeea-s CTpOU. Bpasno H aapoaao npaso, Ooa-raa, eraaera, Hapo/IIIH upaaaaecraa, arpa, MY3H1!a, IlncIIH, rrpHKa3KH, rrp'llllaHuH, rrOC.IIOBHn;H Pafiouta H llUCMO. 1'e.llHfH03HOCTh, OCTaTKR OT'h 11311qeCTBO: caaoaaea, neCOr.IIaBn;H, noanpaa B'h lJ'.RBOTHll, nenepyra, CBelIleHHU 1l3BOPH H or-sm., Kyp6aHH, raaac'sua. MafhocHHUH, 3UK.iI'IlBaHHe lKHBOTHI1T'Il, aaxna-

pa, axaaapcrao.

HII,RaT1l na 0l,.rrrapClnIHn HapOlrb .TI'B1IUI B'L n.JIamIHCRHTt BepHI'H; HerOBOTO OaBIIO YCH.JIBaHHe B'L TBbPAt cMtceHuTt 11,0 cera IIOHTH!tCKII ]I TpmmlicRIl paBHI1H1I sese ~lOiKe lI,a ce npOC.JI'BII,Il no OTII,a.JIe'leHIlTt C'L JIla.llKO rOIl,I1HII ell,IIH1> OTI, II,pyn peay.uaTl!. ua 1I,0CeraIllHIITt npsopOHBamHI, qIICTO O'L.JIrapmnIM on crapo Bpt~Ie nptll,tn e cptll,aTa If 3anaJ('b na crpanara. TOM oorpzma ~YHaBcRuTt aeMII on TIlMon R'Lnn IICK'LP'L, ctBepHIIMT'h CR.JIOH'L na Ba.JIRaHCRaTa separa OT'L CpI,Ocnara rpanana 11,0 E.rena, lIt.JIlllin aanarr, no ropHHM IICR'LP'L II CTPYxa, nali-BIICORIITt 'lac TIl na Cptll,HJI I'opa II sauamara 110JIOBHHa na POII,omlTt.

ITo napesenoro ~YHaBcRo rrporexeane (1888) OIiOJIlIJI .1l0M'L CMt· ra 85'2 II Paxoso 73'0 npon. B'LJIrape; cauo BH,~lIHCRaTa ORO.JIHJl C'l) CBOUTt PYMd>.Ue liMa Br.arape 47'4, HaM-'lucn o'LJIrapcKuli xapaxTOp'L oOJIa)~aBa ctBepHaTa crpana na Ba.JIKaH'LT'J,: osoaaa Bt.JIorpall,'IUK'L 97'6, Bepxonana II Bpaua 95'7, Opxauae 98'3 (1881: 97'8), TOTeneH'L 98 '1, TpoJIH'L !) 6' G, I'ariposo II TptBHa 99' 7, Tspuono !)7'0 (1881 : 92'3), ~ptHOBO 92'7, I'opua Opnxoamta 92'1, E.JIeHa 82'1 npou. B'b.!Irape. TaTaK'L na I1CTOK'L B'L oz.utara nJIaHIIHCKa Bepnra Cd>. o'bJIrapCKII caxo CJIIIBeH'L II ItoTeJI1>, nocaf nO-HaTaTaK'L ell,Ha rpynna crapa CMa (fYJUIlIa, EpKeq'.b, Bpecono, 11eHre II II,p.) O.JIII3Y 11,0 xopero. HCTO II aanarr, rOp'B-II,OJ1Y e CBOOOlI,eH'.b on Bct.KaKBa npIIMtcb:

Ol\O.JIIIJl lI,apIlop0II,·.b D 8' 0, Tp'LH'1 99' 2, Bpt.3HIIR'L !) 9' 3, H3Bop'.b 99' 9, KIOcTeHJVIJI'L 94' 2, AyrrHlII~a 96' 6, CaMOKOB'L 94.1, CO«pIIJI (Bl\.JIIOc 'IlITe.mo C'L nIHOrOJl311'lHaTa CTOJIlIlIa) B2'8, HCKpell'L 99'8, HOBOCeJIUIl npa Co«plIJI98'0, 3JIaTIIlIa 98' 7. B'L PYMeJIIIJl nosra 'IIICTO O'LJIrapcsa II.JIaHlIHCKa crpana e aanamara II uearpaaaa Cptll,HJl I'opa : OKO· JIIlH IIxTIIMaH'.b II Ilaaanopame 96' 5, OB'IeX'LJIM'L 96' 3. Halt-ctTH'!> B'L POII,OIIIITt Tal\IIBa Cd>. OKO.JIlUITt Ileniepa II Pyn'loc'L, paaoapa ce,

i

I

I ··-1

64

J

33e~HO C'b O'bJIrapCKIlTt MyxaMe~aHe. B'b ctBepHaT3 sacn, H3 CTpall~iKa llJI3HIlHa iKHBte e~HO crapo O'l>JIrapCKO ce.JICKO HaCeJIeHHe OIiOJIO «llaKHJI 1I PYCOK3CTp.0.

BCl1lJKO OCTaHaJlO e cMtIllaHO II no naCTOllIneM'I> ee nasapa 1fI, e~HO npsxomo nO.T(OiKeHlIe. ~ynaBcRaTa paBHIIHa lIH'iK)I;y lIcK'I>p'I> H JIH-

• rpa sese e npomcrpeaa, C'I> TypI(JI, PYM£.ne 11 Ilaraae : OKOJ1JIJI IlJItBeH'L 91' 6, HUKOnOJI'L 61' 9, CmIlI(OB'I> 81' 2, CeBJIlIeBO 84' 2, . .JI0- BelJ'I> ~)3'3 upon. B'1.iIrape.

11Horo CJIao'l> e o'L.rrrapcIUIRT'L e.T(eMenT'L B'I> IltJInfi UCTOR'I> na RnlllKec:rBoTo, 1I1('jK)ry Hnrpa II 1J.epno Mope. Cnopt'~'I> nptOpoeHlIeTo 1881 TaM'L JIO Hero llp1lMe lIc.1Jalll'J,T'I> e UMa.II'I> e)l;Ha C'LBCtM'b MaJIKa IIp.'t~HnHa npt~'L XpnCTlIHHCTHOTO, CilOpeA'L Capaqiona 49'6 npon, Myxallle~aHe CP'BllIY 49'4 XplICTlI1fHe. Ha nporezeaae TI,PHOBo-IUYMeH'I>-ClIJIlICTpa 'IeJIOB'BR'L nz'ryna saro B'L TypCKa 3elllJ-I, HanCTlIHa, TallrL lIMa MtcTa, r)l;tTo B'Lm'apt"f'B, saro TYPl(UTt na 3anaJl:'L, iKlIlltJIT'I> ca1\10 no rpa-

}l.OBeTt. Ho II TYfia lie JIlIIICHaT'b crapn o'h.!JrapCInI H3IIKOCJIOB-'

HlI OCTpOlm. B'h resenne na ceJl:elU rcannu, ooalJe, TallI'h 1I1H0ro HtlI(a ce npousunxa. Ilpn onncamre na TYPll,IIT't, Hue Jl:aBallie ellHa m.ma cpaamrre.nra TaUJIlII(a. no nea crasa O'JeHlIJl:HO, 'Ie B'L TIle lICTOIJHII ORomnr l\WfiCImlYl\l'J,T'h na o '1.11 ra PCROTO naceaeane 1881 ce e naxapaJlO B'h OROiIHIIT'I; l'lecapeHo (5D'1) II PYC'IYR'I> (59.0), nmlumIYM'I>T'J, B'!> onne aa OellIaH'L-llaaap'h (12'5) II XacfihOR npu ClIJIIICTpa (8·G). llpt3'!> rosmrara 1 H 8 8 ce nal\I'B PI[ l\WKClfMYlII'L !l'], B'I,:1a nO'iTII G 7':1 npou, , MIIHIIMY:lI'h B'L HOBO- norpannuuara ORO.UIH AK'h- naJl:'1>IUap'h npn CHJIlIcrpa C1, (j' 8 npon, D'I.m'ape. Hall·ClI.1t'II'h npupacrr, nil O'L.!II'apCKoTo naceaenae e lIOCJJtl(Ba.l'1) !l'L llonoucna ORO.lJJ[lI (Pa;{rpal~clmfi ORp£.l"1:') OROJIO :n'5 npon.; TeUI OKo:nIH e nxa.ta 1881 42.504, a 1888 H'!> eJlt~cTBIH' 113C!'lJllaHllt'TO na TYPI\1rl"n C3:11O 3\). ij!)O lKlITe.ITn. 1

B'h llcrouua PPlt'JIIUI Hall-c.llaO'I) nponenrs u'IJ,JrapCRO uaceaeaae lIMa,],'h )J,n'l\ OfiomllI In. 1l0HTlJiicJ:illRT'L K£.T1): AUXn3J1O 1885 23. 1888 31'1, AHTOC'b 188527, 1888 2f)'4 npOI(.l1HaK'IJ Ta~l'LHHr)l;t lIpOI(ellT'LT'I. na D'!.Jlrapt'T'I; lie na~a no- iWJIY 01"1, 50, /lOplI II B'b T'1it CHJlHO npom.crpemrrn C'b TYPI(l1 II r[,pI~II lII'Bc']'a no II0JIlmaTa ua Mapuna 1I HaBpt'WL ee Haut:l't:ma uapacrnanue : 1888 OliOJ!llH ItaBaRJllI 54'7, ItoHYIll'L (CTammaKa) 63'7, ILIOBIV1H'h G7'4 (1885 : 52, 57'1,59'1). 110 lIt' nanp. Ct'llluencRa OfiO~I1U1 no Op'Bl'OBert na Ma· pnna 1888 e OlIJia aaceaeaa on 97'6 npon. B'LJIrape (1885: 91'7) e c'LBhpnieHHo noaa CTa;VIH (cpas. c. 57 II 60).

1

i

1 I'opn ynoxeua-rara Eaencaa OKOJllllllle Bllllaa. B'b TOBa cpaBlIeI!IIe; caao K'bll'b 6'b.uapCllaTII. 1'1 1I.'111a C'b3J1,aTeJIIITll na aJl,UlllUlCTpaTIlBHnT1l rpaHIII\H npllTypnxa eJl,IIO napse OTT. TYPCKllllT'b Tya.1YK'b.

I. B'1>JIra peTll

65

--

HapO)l;HlIiiT'l> iKJIBOrb ua B'LJlrapeT:B e oparanaaear., HO B'b HaCTOHme Bp'BMe ce aaxapa B'b II'LJIHO np'BXO)l;HO nOJIOiKeHlIe. f);'LJlrOBp'Bl\leHHOTO 1130.IJJIpaHHe np'B:n, MHorOTO B'BIWBe TypCKO rOCnO)l;CTBO arxara e y)l;bPiKaJIO B'bJlrapeT'BHa e)l;Ha apxamecxa crenens. He3Ha'iJITeJIHOTO oomeHlIe ~IelK)l;Y OT)l;'B.IIHHT'B l\ltCTHOCTH II OTC£.TCTBueTOHa HtKaK'bB'L HapO)l;eH'L HeHTp'I, e O.llarOnpIIHTCTBOBaJIO )l;a ce pa3BIIHT'L nltCTHII oeonenuocrn. 1l0'lTlI BCtKJIii OKp£.r'L 1I BctKa 1t;0JIIIHa HMa csoe Hapt'lHe, CBOll TJI- 1l0Be na mIll,a, cnoe oOJrIlKJIo, CBOn COOCTBeH'L Te31IIepal\leHT'L, c£.mo 1t;0pH II COOCTBeHHII lU'BPKII II TerJIlIJIKlI. 110 Tan IIpU'lJIHa II£'THIIK'LT'I, He ptlt;KO IIOpaJKaBaT'L uerrocpsucrneaaa IIptXO)J,H, nanp. OT'L II,10)l;OPOIt;HlIitT1> TI,PHOBCKJIti OKp£.I"L B'L Ty3JIYllKlITt IIYCTOllII, on fiorarara, Hanpt)l,Halla IIJIOB)l;IIBCKa )J,o,nlHa B'b IIOJIY)l;IIBJITt IIJIaHJIHCKII ~ltcTa JIO .PO)J,OllIITt. OCBOOO1K)l;eHlleTO II HOBlIitT'b IIOJIlITII'leCIUIM 11 eROHOl\lJI'leCIUIM lI\JIBOT'b B'I, TOBa OTHOlleHHe )J,ORapaxa IIpOMiHIlI, C'b TtX'L ce IIOCTlIra ei~Ho BceOOmO OCBoeBptMeHemIe II ypaBHoB'BCBamle, 'lp'l\3'J, lI£.TIIma II 1I\eJr1>::mllI\JI, )''lHJlIIma II noenua c.llYlKoa. HOBOTO ce cl\I'B'l'a sa IIO-)J,OOpO OT'b craporo. OTR&CnaTOCThTa aa 3aT'J,HTeHlI'l'B IIJIaIU[JlCRH ;\I'l;CTHOCTII aeaa Rpaii, nap1>'lIIH, naponm lItCHII, OOJlilItJIa, HpaBII n OOII'lan UC'Ie3BaT'I>, 11 IIO)J,'J, xaccara HOBIl BIle'laT;IBUUJI 113'1, IIa~IeThTa ce Iw,IlI'lanaT'L crapnrf IIptlt;aHHH •

.Pa3)J,tJIemIeTO UapO)l'bT'b na ROJl'lma JIJIIi porose B'b B'L.lIraprrn He ce e 3alIa3l1JIO. 'l'asoeo HtU(O lin IIOJIYOCTPOB'LT'b ce cpnuta IIO' nese B'L IIJIaHIIHCliIIT1\ 3e)IH ua 3alIa)J,'b, ocotieauo B'I> 'Iepna I'opa 11 A.iJOaHIIH. AOPJI CTapIl'rB nneaa na ~ltCTHOCTII HC'le3BaT'b u.nr c£. IIO'ITlI uaro upsnopn aa IIPlIC~ItX'L (saro nanp. I'paxoso IIpU BpB31Il1li'b). l\laJIRoTo aa- 3BaHHH aa OTII'B;nnr 'IaCTlI B'L:lrape C& IIO-BeIIe lIIIlI OOlIliHOBeHHII HMena aa illtCTHOCTlI, IVlII 03Ha'leIHUl cnopers ocooeHHOCTllT'B aa nap'B'IIIJlTa.

1\'131'1, IIaM-OOIlliHOBeJlJlII'l"t eTHorpaqlIf'leCRII JIllleHa JlPIIHal~JI1\JKaT'1> oaae, uio ce xacaara )l;0 iKlIB'BliHlle B'1 IIJIaHllHa H )l;O.IIIIHII. JIl.JI'reJIIIT'B no ctBepmIiiT'1 CliJIOH'J, aa Xel\IYC'J, ce uapauars II300mO 0 a JI K a H.)~ JK II 1I ('l'YPC. 6aJIRaH'L UJI3HIIHa). C&ll(OTO aaaseane IBIa n~IeTO II JI a H II H u II, C'b soero nanp. B'L .POAonIITt. 03Ha'iaBaT'J, lKII'feJIUT'B na AOClIaTCKOTO U.IIa'l'O. lIPOTlIBOII0.1J01l\HOCTb na TtX'b C'LCTaBJIT'L oOllTaTeJIUT'B 1I0 panIlJIHIIT'B II IIJIaHlIHClilITt ROTJIOBIIHII: Bpt3HII'laHeTt napmari, JIIO)J,beTo aa Co.pIlficRaTa ROT.IJOBIIHa II 0 .11 n II, iKIITeJIlITt aa Kpanme rasa came 30Ban CBOHT'B C'LCtAlI B'L KIOCTeIl)l;I1JICRaTa liOTJIOBlma II 0 .1 I~ II, n /),1 'I a II e, noiJ,OOHO II naceaenaero na )J,OJIlmaTa npa KpaTOBO 30MT'.£, II 0 JI H n II, ace no A¥l\IaTa;nOJIe. MMeTo 3 a r 0 p n II oaaauaaa «xopa OTBa){'h uaammara.. lRIITe.Ji;aT'B.B'L Ilpt)l;'BJIHTt na MapHna aapasarr, rasa C'LC'B){HT'£ CII OTBa)J,'I>baJIKaimmlta aepara, HCTO II 3JIaTII'laHeTt-0.llJIiKHJITt nJIaHHHClilI OOHTaTeJIJl: npa Opxanae, a. KOTJIeIUlllT:B- EJIeHCKIITt E'LJIrape .. '1'0 e IICTOpJI'Ie-

-

....

H. IIpeQeK'1>. - KHllllleCl'BO B'bJlrapHIl.

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66

OTII;'tJIHIITlI HapoAH.

Clmii repxarrs ; 6'J.JIrapCKOTO ThPHOBCKO lIapCTBO ce e napasare y ChPOlITt, BlI3aHTHitlllITt II HTaJIIIHHlIlITt 3 a r 0 P II e, 3 a r 0 p a, l'i m per i 0 d i Zag 0 r a. 1 ITo HaCTOHII(elll'J. TO e eKOHOllllI1IeCKHit repamrs ; 3arOPlIlI B'L P)'MeJIIUI nptlIlllYII(eCTBeHHO HapIIqaT'L nOJICKIITt paOOTHIIIIII, KOIlTO no 2KeTaa ce cnYII(aT'J. OT'L nJIaHIIHHTt B'J. paBHHII(aTa. Ha 3ana~'J. TOBa lIMe OII(e e 3ana3HJIO CBoeTO, nhpBOHaqaJIHO 3Haq6HIIe II ce ynoTptoHBa H no ~BtTt CTpaHII na nJIaHlIHaTa; OIWJIO KIOCTeH~I1JI'J., CO«flHH II TP,])H'J. 3 a r 0 p II e HaplIqaT'L ~YHaBcKHitT'J. npt)l;tJI'J. npa JIolll'])-ITaJIaHKa II T. H., a naK,]) Bn-· )l;IIHIIHTt napasari, T'J.ii B.KTptrrIHaTa crpaaa OTBa~'J. BaJIKaH'J.T'J.. ClhII(OTO npOIlCXOlK)l;6Hne HMa HMeTO 0 T B 'J. ~ e H I~ H, KaKTO ThPHOBIIII H TpOHHqaHe napasar» 2KHTeJIHT'B na IOn OT'J. BaJIKaHCKara separa.

Heonpt~tJIeHHO II TbDIHO e TBhP)l;t pacnpocrpaneaoro HMe III 0 n II (III 0 n C K 0, III 0 n JI y K 'J.). IiICTOpIlqeCRH TO e)l;Balll'J. M02Ke )l;a ee npoCJIt~n II HtRaKBO nayrao rpajrro OOHCHeHlIe 2 )1;0 cera He e 1I3HaMtpeno. Ta II HerOBOTO IIpOTelKeHHe e C'J.MHHTeJIHO. B'J.JIrapeTt OT,]) HCTOK'J. OpOHT'J. K'J.lll'J. IIIorrHTt II 2KIITeJIHTt OT'L BpaqaHCKO, TP'J.HCRO 11 T. a., r)l;tTo, 06aqe, aa TtX'J. He II(an 11 )l;a 3HaaT'J.. 3 Ha aanars npa KIOCTeH~HJI'J. (B'h KpaHII(e) II KpaTOBO 1IllleTO IIIOIIII rrptUYII(eCTBeHHO 0- 003HaqaBa llJIaHIIHClmTt OOHTaTeJIII OT'J. 6JIHlKHHTa OKOJIHOCTb, KaRTO H 2KHTeJIHTt na BIICOROJItlKaII(HTt KOTJIOBIIHII Pa~OMHpCI\a, Bpt;mHllIKa H Co«flHficKa, r)l;tTo HOCHT'L TtCHH 6tJIH raIUH (aa TOBa ce Ka3BaT'J. II «ranmana»}. To ce npan.paa )1;0 rrJIaHIIHII II 06JItKJlO, HO HIIKaR'J. He ~O HtKaKBO c06CTBeHHO aapnsne. HaCeJIeHHeTO aa cera-me IIOHllleHOBaHHHTt rpa KOTJIOBHHH, KOHTO H306IUO ce cMtTaT'J. sa HCTa Illoncsa aeaa, npt~CTaBJIJIBa e)l;HO II3BtCTHO IItJIo, C']) 6tJIO OOJltKJIO H BIIQOK'J. PMT,]). B,])JIrapeTt OT'J. nOrpaHH'lHHfiT'L ~YHaBCKHfi K.KT'L llle2K)I;Y THMOK'J. H HcK'LP,]) no JI3IIK'J.T'L H lll.KlKCKOTO OOJItKJIO HMaT'J. H3BtcTHa npIlJIIIKa C'J. THe CO«flHfi.CKH Illona, HO npareaaaar-s J(pyr'J. rarrs H xapazreps ; C'J.BCtM,]) J(pyrOJIlIO C.K Belle, nOJ(OOHII aa MaKe~OHI(IITt, xopara OT'J. Call1OROB'b, 1J;ynHIII(a, KIOCTeH)l;IIJI'J. II TP'bH'J., II ocooeHHO no H3l1K'1i, aane, OOJIiu\JIO H o6pa3'J. na MIICJIH Han'J.JIHO pa3JIlIqHIITt lICTOqHH C'hCt)l;H na CO«flIIHHl(lITt npa Opxaaae B'1i Cpt)l;HJI I'opa 11 npa HXTlIMaH,]).

CTapoBptMcKII C.K Ha3BaHlIJI'ra B'b PO)l;OnIITt. B'J.JIrapeTt no I(t-

~

I

1 Gesch. der BuIgaren, CTP 375.

t MHolE. '1HCJIO C£1II0 Lllonse HJIII c"Jo6HpaTeJIHO C"Jo '1JleH"Jo OT"Jo cpllA. POPi"Jo ePiIlHCTueaHO '1HCJIO (Cp, IIep. COHC. VIII. 89) Illonero, TpauiicKwrll ~,i1ta~ l:Ct.'TtlX iot, sa KOHTO MHCJIHJI'h IIIaipapHK'h, C£ lEBBlIlIJIH eaxo apH HOpCKHiiti> 6plln. cP~Y Tacoc"Jo; apH TOBa JlaTHH. II rpsu, 8 ell OCTaBanpH npaesaaaero AYMaTa B"Jo CJIaBIIBCII:lliiT"Jo HSRB'h, 6e3'h Aa ce HSMlInRBH. B'h m: TeCCaJIOHIIRH. CO.lyH'b, CTPHKOH'h CTpYlla, AcelllYc'h OC"JoIII'h, Oazoaa COJIHH'h II T. H.

:I C"BBeihIQfI'h "H'tKOJIRO II:YIIR sa IIIoURT'ti', IIepRop;R'I. CUIIC8.BRe IX.

.1. BD.na.per1l. .

61

--"'''·,.IlllTa nJIaHIIHa OT'll IIepy~IIn;a ]1;0 EIIOC'll, HOIITO rOBOpIIT'll aa e)l;HO CB08 aapt'llIe, KaKTO II TtXHIITB C-LPO/(IIIIIJ;H na CTpaH)I;lKa, IISOOlIlO ee napa'IaT'llPyrr'leHIU, Py rr n a, Py n a aa a e, PyrraJIIIII. TOBa lIMe IIMIl 3a(}Boit IIeHTp'll MBCTHOCTbTa P y II 'I o e 1> MelK)I;y CTamIMaHa II 1I3BOPlIT'R ~~ Ap)l;a. To 1I3rJIe]l;Ba ra ce e C},(jTaBIIJIO OTI. Me po II e, IIJIaHIIHCK()

,_!,.rrOJICKO lIMe, RoeTO ce CIIOMeHYBa sa eamara MtCTHOCTL nptn 14-TO . CTOJIBTII8, 'Iptn IICXBbpJIHHHeTO aa oe33BY'IHllHn Ha'IaJI8H1> c.iIor1>. 1 Ome Vet'autiu::l e 'Iy.n B1> IIJIOB)I;HB1> 1553 IIMeTO Py nc x a sa IItJIaTa - POAOlIeRa rrJIaHIIHa. ~pyro HMe e M 1> P B a II H; rana ce HaplI'IaT1> E'llJIrapers npa lUeJIHIII\I., CBP]) H ~paMa, IIOCJIt CTap03aCeJIeHlITt POAOn'IaHe B1> rpa]l;eIII.T]) Bpanarono II 'IaCTb OT1> ronopaumrs aa PO!l.OnCIW Haptxae lKlITeJIll na CTpaH!I;lKa B]) EypraccRrrHT]) oRp&.r1>. MyxaMe)l;aHCRIITt Bsarape no ropna A p!l;a II no KPII'lIIMCRa pima 30Ban A x a p 11 H e, O'leBlII(HO on ArapHHB; CI. II~IeTO HU OIIO.JI8liCIlfITB ArapHHe y rLpn;IITt, &;JIrapeTB, C1p51ITB II PyccHrB OTI. CpB!l.HIITB BtRoBe HaCaM1> nocro- 1IHHO 03Ha'laBa,[II MyxaM8]1;aHerB. ~o npt)l;BJIliTI. na Axapaaer» rpaHll'lll OOJIaCTLTa lJ: e 'I K 0 (Typ. lJ:e'lROOJIY), C1> i1\IITeJIlITt q e'l e H II H (rasa BJ, AxipI.-qMeorr) IIJIll lJ e III JI II II (rasa BI. ~OcnaTI.), eaaa MtCTHOCTb OT]) 50 O];,llrapo-Myxalue)l;aHcRII CMU MeiKl(y ~OCilaTI. II MecTa, no- nesero B]) Heapnnonosara nasa.

Ha3BaHIIII sa OTl{tJIHIT uacnr na HapO)l;1JTI. lIMa xaoro, aa TaIUIBa CJIYiKaTI. 1I3palKeHIIH OT]) paSHIITt Hapt'lITII. IIlIpOT'laHeTt naparars 00- .pHHHIJ;IITt TOR Y H II :II (on; soranaara JJ;YMa TOR y, B1> IIIIPOT1> T II K e, IIO'lTll, nit, CpOJl;CTBeHHa C]) TO JI II K 0). EMrapeTt no IICTO'lHHHT1> optr'l. aa 1I0JIHIIli OC])M1> SOBan HIIHbOBIIII (aamero Tt rOBOpIlT1> HIIHt na llI-ilCTO cera); C1>Ct)l;llTt IIllI]), lIn 20 CMa MeiKJl;y MCR1>P1> II OC])M'll, HaplI'laT]) Map a III II, Map a III a H e (on TypC. xapaurs naaap's ?). Cx.mo TalWBO Jl;IIaJIeKTII'leCKO IIPOIICX02KiJ;eHIIe lIMa IIMeTO T p 0 H ROB u H npa Byprac» II xaoro Jl;pyrn 0003Ha'leHlIII B1> PYMeJIIIII. HMeHa OTT> IIO)l;OOHO npOIICX01KiJ;eHlIe ee cptmaTJ. y KpoaTIITt (IJ~oRaBIIlI, lJaKaBn;H, KaiiKOBIIII on 'laCTII'lKIITt nro, sa, Koli == uto ?), E]) aananaa MaRelloHnll (MHHIIlI OT1> Mile na llItCTO HHe) , y HOBorbPIIIITt (npn YCTIIero aa CTpYMa i1a.pva.l(a.~ MHom. -X~~, on o~?e HaMtcro -:w?oc cera) II AJIoaHIIlJ;Tt (MIIpeAIITH OT1> « MHpe ~lITa,» ~OOI.p'b ~eHI»); Hanpa3iJ;eH'It TPYJJ;'I. e aa ce AIIPH lI;aJIe'lHa IICTOplI'IeCRa reHeOJIOrIIH3a rrOJJ;OOIlH 'l~TO C'I.BLpIIIeHHO npOCTII HllleHa, KaKTO TOBa 'Ie~TO ee rrpt)l;IIpneMa OT]) 113- .JlJlIIILR'I. na rOJItllla Y'IeHOCTL.

IIoCJIt lIil1a II Han'bJIHO IIIerOBIITIl eTHorpaqHI'leCKIl lIM:eHa. It1>M'I.

.. -

I

. 1 Cp&B. M06TO il3CJ[1U;B&Hlile: Der Urspruag des Namens der Rupci'in de ..

Rhodope, .Archiv fur _8130'9", Phil, vnr, 96.

68

Ti>X'1> ce OTHOClI lIMeTO Top .II a K 'b (C&~O II TYPJIaK'b), Top .II a U; II. ~t"bit C0«plIJlHU;HTi> napmar-s CBOHTi> C'bCi>l\lI OKOJIO Il,aplIOpOI\'b H llHPOT'b, a nam, Tt3H aaonann JIIOl\beTO nospaa O'bJIrapCI\aTa CTOJIHu;a. P),n[eJIIIOTHTt B'b I'sonca npHlmqaT'b TOBa lIMe K'bM'b CBOlITt Sal\OaJIKaHCKII esCt~lI, anal\']) B'b BepKOBlIlllRIIMT'b BaJIKaH'b llmTeJIllrt or'b )~Btrt CTpaHII H3 IIJIaHIIHaTa uapmarn rasa B3aHMHO el\HH I\pyrH. TOBa HMe, I' 113- BtCTHO C&~O H B'b CJIHBen'b, Bypracs, lliYMeH'b; POI\OnU;lITt 03HaQaBaT'b C'b Hero anITeJIHTt na TpaRlIMCRO 110.111'. To I' 3,1l0aHCIWTo TOp 0 JI a R 'b, T P Y JI it R 'h, T Y P JI it 1\'1., rSIYIIeu;'b, TeplllHH'b 3aH~lcTByBaH'b OT'l. iKaprOH'bT'b ua YIIOTptfiJIHeMIITt aa C'I>OnpaHlIe l\aiKl\I1H OalllIl003),llJI. 1 Oo~eII03HaTa eB'1> u;tJIaTa crpaaa I\PYI'a e~Ha I\Yllla, C'b ROHTO nlllenynaT'b P),Me.JIlIi:tn;lITt:

B a p n R JI t II R a, (llIHOiK. q. BapnRJltqROBlllI), ~O oanasasa HCTO .II eroacrr, lIJIlI neRaHT'b. l\aTo 1I0HCHeHIIe pacnpanars aa PYMeJIlIHllllTt, 'Ie, nora ua n&Th BapHT'1> MeCOTO ClI n'b el\lIH1. 00~'b IWTe.TI'h, BCtKHH I'plIiKJIlInO OTot,1[B3BaJI'b CBOHTa COOCTneHHOCTJ, C'b R.[tqRa. B'b TpaKII1I uapmart 3alIa)l,HlITt Mal\el\OlllllI, FlOIlTO 1\0XOiIWlT'l, WI, crpanara RaTO 3ITl\apII, «p-YPHaI\JIIITII II I\p., BpI' II)\ a (aJIo. opeHi\a cpt'I\'b, llleiKJW). 3aIl\OTO rt ce nl&'lan )l;a I'OBOp}lT'I. nonwlK)lY Cli a,T(OaHCIm, aa I\a I'll He paaonpara, )\pyI'IITt.

Bl,JlrapcmIiiT'l. }l3UR'I. nplIHal\.1l1lilaI R'bllI'l. C.JHlBHHClnIT'B 11311lllI, naa, Ooaqe, CBOll OCOOeHIIOCTlI, lWIITO Ill)' )l,aBaT'L eaao 1I30JUlpaIlO lIOJIOlKemIe, lIptl\II BCH'lRO aallltHa na CI\JIOHeHlIHTa qptn qJIeH'hT'b. HeI'OBOTO I1CTOpHqeeKO pa3B11TlH:' e Ollie i\laJmO H3BtCTHO, nOHea(e II3yqeHIIeTO 11 na ceraumero My C1>CTO}lHlIe IIptI\CTaB.[HBa TBhPl\t I'o.rrtlllH npa31\HIIHI1. 2 B1>JII'apIIH'L .11 ChpOUH'l. IIpII II3BtCTHO BHIIMaHHe ce CIIop(3),1lItBaT'b 01'31> roasaa 1l1&Ra. PyccRuiin I'OBOp'b B'bJIrapHH'bT'L e )(,hJIlKeH'L )\a u3Y'laBa, II CJItl\'L )l'LJlrOrO,l,HlllHu ynpaaneana ce naaana C'L I'ptlllRI1 B'L naremHTt H C'L TnhPI\O II3I'oBapHHne na llleI'FlIIT'B 3BYIione; HO PYCCIi][ [,IIHI'Il BCtRIIM 00pa30BaH'L B'LJIrapIIH'L ce HayqaBa aecao Jla sere.

B'h :-lBYlwBuaTa CIICTellIa, FlaRTO B'b PYlll&HCFlIIiiT'L II aJIOallCRIIMT'b H3IIna, qYI\Ha e uyxata noayrracaa 3. B'b HCTO'lHIITj; naptqIIH BCtRO 01'31> )'i\apeIlIle a oe aaxpasana B'L z n n306~0 nctFla I'JIaCHa 01'31> Yl\apeHIlI' ce OCJIaOBa (e 'oen Yi\apeHUe B'b U, 0 B1> '10, nanp, 1\0HqH-TO).

1 OCia'le, me 6a1l\e norpsmao (cp. aanpaa. I'oaamaana IY. 241 B CJI'IIA.) p,a ce npaexar-s TOpJIaK'b, Illoncao, 3aropBe, KaTO crporo paSrpaBB'leBB reorpaipa'leCK.II lIMeHa. 'Bepxy pacnpocTpaHeHlleTo aa IIHeTO B'b TpaKIIH,CJIaBellKOB'b B'b cnaC3HHeTO HaYKa II. 462. Cnopejn, Call1(llllT'b (TIep. CnBC. ·IX, 111) AYMaTa TypJIaK'b B'b Ci'bJIrapCKHllT'b HSHK'b e Ao611JIa 3Ha'leHBe H3 AHBaK'b, npOCTaK'b.

2 EAHHCTBeHHO aaysea-s, lIaKap'b cauo OT'b nHCMeHHB 1I3BOPII C'bCTaBeR'h Dp'llrJIep,'b sa Ci'bJIrapCRlliiT'b Jl3I1K'b HB p,aBa MIlKJIOlliB'l'b B'h CBOJlTa CpaBHHTeJIHI!. fpaMM8TBKa aa CJIaBJlH. HSHna (BBeHa 1868 B CJI., 4 TOMa). TyseJIIHBT'II Ci'bUapCRH } 'iIlJIBI1(HB rpaMMaTIIKII Cal. DbPBOCiHTHH. Bspxy HCTOPBJlTa. aa 6'bJIra.pcKlIllT'b K3HR'b Tp'll6Ba Aa ce oxasaa nO'TO'lHO paaaeseaae OT'b e,llHB'h Ci'hJIrapCRHH Y'leH'b, npo •• Jl,PHlIOB'b, ROll TO e c'hCipaJI'b rO.llllll'h PalRODHCell'b MaTepHa.ll'b BbPXY aea

..

1. B'b.lrapeT1l.

...

OCTaT'LK,]) on HOCOBHH rJIaIlHH ce e eanasars caso B,]) OTlJ;tJIHII ~YMlI, oeotieaao B,]) e~o Hapt'lHe OT,]) KpafiHHfi ioroaanazs. XapaKTepHa lJ'J, o'])uapCKHfiT,]) H3HK,]) e raacaara 1J, KOHTO na HCTOK,]) ee H3rOBapH H, H~ 3arra~']) e. BaJKHO BJIHIlHHe BbPXY H3JIOlKeHaTa na CHJIHH H3MtHeHHH rJIaCHa CHCTeMa lIMa y~apeHHeTO, KoeTO npareaasa xnoro M'BCTHH OTC'BHKH; na HCTOK']) TO rrail:a no-sese K,])M,]) CBbprneK,])T,]) na il:YMaTa, na 3anaA']) K'])M'L Ha'laJIOTO. cH3lfinT']) nIa B'L ceraume Bpt~le na HCTOK,]) OTKplITa CKJIOHHOCTb nporam, Bc1mo caer-rasanae na c'])rJIaCHHT'B H npOTHB,]) 'U. 1 Iloneae H'BMa HHKaKBa paarasa MelKAY A,])JlrH H KpaTRlI CJIOrOBe, o,])JIrapCKHfiT,]) H3HK,]), ocooeaao B,]) cpaaneane C'])CPbocKHl1n, e e)J;HooopaseH,]), HO BHHaJ;lI ce npasaasa B,]) o'])}ln rexrrs.

Q,1JeH'Ln, KaKTO B,]) a.1JOaHcKnlin II PYM.KHCKHliT'L, ce TYPII no)l;lIpb HMeHaTa, 1I e npOH3JI'BnJl,]) OT,]) nOKa3aTe.JlHII M'BCTOIIMeHlIJI. Toli TYK'])-TaM'B ce npofiasa H B,]) Il:lIaJIeKTHT'B ua pycmmiin H3HK,]). B']) B,])Jlrapaa HeroBIut uspnn )!;lIPII 'leJIOB'BI-I:b xoae Il:a npoc.lItll:H 'laK,]) B,]) cpt)!;HeBtRoBHHTt p.KKonHClI. Heros's no-crap-s THIn e TPOtiHlIliT,]) 'lJIeH,]) , Roiho OCTpoB06pa3Ho ce e Cna3UJI']) B'L )J;Bt OT)!;tJIHII Hap'B'llill cpt)!;']) nJlaHIIHCKlI R.KTOBe, B,]) PO)!;OIHITt II B,]) ~e6'])p'L npa IIIap'])- nJIaHHHa: r Jl a B a-T a, r Jl aB a-Ha, r JI a B a-c a eB,]) ~eo'])p']) na ]lItCTO TOBa raaaa-sa}, ~O B,]) .1JaT. OTrOBapJI ua caput hoc, caput illud, caput istud. 2 B'L no-aesero MtcTa Toil raacn aa M.KlKCKIIH pom ma; aa lKeHCImil nanpers mao S OT,]) (,R.1JOHeHlIliTa e OCTaHaJI,]) caxo IIMeHlITe.1JHIIHT,]) nall:elK'L RaTO casus generalis. II C.K~O C'L OCTaT,])R,])T'J) na CTapOC.1JaBJIHCKHiin OT3BYR']) na - ']): r p a)\ 0 (I1HaK,]) rpall:'])) II r p a II: a B,]) HtROH Hapt'lHll, B,]) KOIITO TOtt3U OT3BYK'L 3a~I'BmIBa M.KlKCKUHT']) 'I.lImn. Pacrrpt)!;tJIeHlIeTO na TIle pa3.1JH'lHU. 'lJIeHOBe II OT3BYIIII npt)l;CTaB.UIBa ell:na 'lYII:HO paaAt.lIena uapra. 4 Ca~IO B'L Hapt'lUeTO na IIJIaHUHCKaTa 3eMll MelK)!;Y

1 3a TOBa HaIIp. 6'b.JlrapCKI'l CIIJlIICTpa HaM'llcTO Canncrpan. Hoaaaec-s CTasa HBaH'b, IIO M'llCTHIIlT'll rosopa B'b ITaHarIOplII1le EBaH'b, B'b KOIIpI'lI1lIl~a OBaH'b. B'b CO$lIlI 11 B'b ~eHTpaJlHlIlh1o EaJlKaH1> Ka3BaT'b a61>.IlKa (HaM'llCTO a6'bJlKa), acea-s, OCeH'b (HaM'llCTO acerrs, fraxinus). OMer'IeHO 'H, <>, m, 2, te, e paCIIpOCTpaHeao aa aaIIa/l:'b TBhPI\'ll xaoro, ua IICTOK1> caao B1> POI\OIIII:T'll, Orpanosa, KOTeJl'b II y BaaaTcKIIT'II E'bJIrape.

2 <I10pMII KaTO /I:'llTe-BO, I\'llTe-HO ce cp'llI1laT1> II B'b IlHpOT'b (eetsy po Bulharsku 369), B'b 1I011a1lIHiilHT'h cTapOBp'llMCKI'IH maproa'h, KOHTO TaM'h, KaKTO B'b KpaTOBO II I\pyral\'ll, HapH'laT'b lKeaCKI'lH Jl3I1K'I>.

3 IIoKaaaTeJlJlOTO M'llcTOHMealle m~ ce e CKJIOaJlBaJIO II3Ila'l9·JIO KaTO 'I.llea'b, Rano TOBa noaaasa-r-s IIIHoro6pOHaH AHaJIeKTH'IeCKH q,OPMII npa Illyaerrs, B'h POI\Onars, npa TP'DH'h, B'h MaKeAOlIlIH ('lOB'llKa-TOra, 'IOB'llKY-TOMY)·

4 3BYK'bT'h -0 (rpaao) B'h IIMeaaTa OT'h M&lK. pOJl'h rOCIIOjJ;CTBYBa npa OAPI'lH'b, lliYMeH'h, PYC'IYK'b, CJI'llI\'b TOBa B'h eI\HH'b IIOJlC'h, KOHTO ce npocrapa OT'b )l;yaas'h 110 KOCTypCKOTO eaepo, B'h enaa '1aCTb na BHl\l'lHCKaTa M'llCTHOCTh, Ha10 M'IICTaTa COq,HitCKO, CaMOKOBCKO, PaI\OMHpCKO, KIOCTeHI\I'lJICKO, )l;YIIHI'lWS:O, Pa3.llOlKCS:O, )l;lKYMaitcs:o, RpaTOBCKO, C'llPCKO, no-aararam, C'bBClIM'b lla-CTpaaa npa BOl\ea'h It ROCTYP'h. 3BYK'hT'b -a (rpalla) B1> OKOH'IaaIl:JlTa 06XBaI1la np'lllIillYI1IeCTBellao nCT-

69

70

ropne- tlHrnaBcRlIitT'D np'll ,ll;tJl'D II OHR aa CTPYlIlll HaCT zna BHHJITeJlH:nit IIlllJ;eiK'I>, II:aTO BTOPHii casus generalis. 1 OCR&AHH OCTaT'I>lI,H OT'I> CRJIOJIeHH.II iKHBtJIl'I> CIlMO B'L MaIie)(OHH.II, PO)(ODHTt B HIl Crpamaa ; HHaR'L Tt ce CpflInaT'L B'L .pOPMIl HIl napssaa, caspaaaa C'L nptAJIOaB. II

TJIllrOJI'I>T'L npareaasa, KIlRTO B'I> CPLOCRBiiT'I> H3HK'I> , ome MHH8JIO

,BOOBbprneHHO II aOpBCT'1, IWBTO B'L ctBepHO-CJ1aBJIHCRHTt .lIaHlI,H OTlJ;aBHa e.oK HaOCTaBeHB. B&]l;ymeTo BptMe, RaRTO B'1 CPLOCRHiiT'1, PYM&HCI\Hit, a..ll6IlHCRIIii H HOBOrpLUHI!ii, ce oopaayaa lJptS'I> C'1e/l:lmeHHe C'L raaro~'LT'1 me. C.KInO H B'1 aaryoaTa .popMIlTa na Heoup'l\~tJIJITeJIHOTO naKJIOHeHHe 6'1JIrapcHn:itT'1 HMIl OOInO C'1 HOBOrpLlI,RHiiT'1 H aJIOIlHcRHitT'h (Aa nama : scribere, COOCTBl'HHO «ut scribam»).

EorarCTBOTO rsa ptlJ1Ta no CBOJITIl )l;Pl'BHOCTL CBH)I;tTl'JICTBYBa sa I)OBCepBIlTJIBHIIih'1 xapaxrep's na HapO)l;'1T'h. IJPH no·6JIHSRoHa6.rrIO/l:l'Hlle TOBa rOJItmo (iorIlTCTBO ce XBhpJI.II B'1 OlJH. TYPCRII lJyiK/l:I! AymB OTHOCHTe.l1HO Htl'Ia l'lHoro; E,])JIrllplIH'hn, RoiiTO B'h RJ\IUIlTa CR nosra ome :Bcnlfl\O napma no c.1faBJIHCRII, ce npHCMHBIl HIl)l;'h npsm.meaara C'1 Typm\lI l'JIemeHTJI paaronopna pt% na C1p6HTt. 3 Harrpornm, C&meCTBYBIlT'1 MHOrOlJnCJIeHHH, B,])Be]l;eHH sese B'h BJI3aHTH:HCImii nepaous, rpnnm H HtIWII pOMaHCRII lIyiK/l:1I ilYMH. Hap.KlfHRTt ptlfHHlI,H e)J;BIlM'I> nOCTHraT'1 all npaRTR'leCROTO EctKHAHeBHO ynoTpM.1fl'mre. HtRon nO-rO.l1tlllII npt]l;npHHTJIJI OT'h MtCTHlITt nHCaTeJIH B,]) Harne CTOJItTRe C& OCTaHaJIH Hl'AOB1prneHH B'h p.KROnlIC'h. On ro.JIilma HY-tli)J,a meme na e pf,'lHJIK'h, RoiiTO Aa nptAcTaBeme caao xarepnart aa iKHBHi!T'h HapO]l;eH'h .lIaHR'h C'h HerOBHTt JIOCJIOBIIIllI H ntcHH, C'h YRaaaaae na Ecn'um l'ltCTHJI ¢OPIlIII H onncanne na HIlPO)J,HH'It 06H'laH, apana JI npt)J,aHlIH, saeaao C'1 Hai! - EaiKHlITt Hll'IeHa na mtcTa; ra n aa nOJIYOCTPOB'hl'J, sese naa nptKpaCeH'.b OOpa3l'1I,'1 aa raR'hB'1 eAHH'h TPY)l,'L L'h Cp16CImiin PttlHllR'h on EYR'I> IiapapiKn'l'h. 4

BOCTB'T1l na TbPHOBO, aa Cp1ll\BH I'opa I! Ponorra ra Dpl! il:ocna'T'b. MAI:mcItnii'I'b "IJ1eH'b -3m~ (rpal\'bT'b) np1lO6J1ol\aBa B'b EOJIItaH'b'I'b, B'b no-roaaaara 'laCTL OT'b aeTO'lHO'IO napsvae, npn Tp'bH'h n TInpo'I'L. MAI:mCItIlHT'b 'lJleE'b -om s (rpal\oT'h) roCnOI\CTBYBa h'b aananaa MaKfI\OBIHI: III,nn'L, Beaecn., Crpyaaua, RYIIYw'L (TYpC. ABpeT'b Xaccap-s), Teroao, (npn RaJlKaHI\CJlCB'b), Ilpaann-s , EIITOJlH, O:Xpl!l\'b. TpnT'k +OpMlI sa 'lJIeR'L mllaT'b, xasro uese au61lJl'llmn:XMe, Hap1;'lnHTa aa POI\OnnT'Il a il:c6'bp'b.

1 Cp, 1II0llT1> nOlJ,potiBB ti1l.lltmKH B'b Cesty 1'0 Bulharsku 369.

2 Hanp, OT'L·PAlKIl', npn-p.aira, TeROM'L, HnROM'b. B'L POI\OnCROTO nap'llqne Cl£lI1eCTBYBa ococeaao l\aTe.IJeH'b na){cm'L MHO:m. 'UICJlO: ceiiMeBeM'b, TYPIlCM'L. EIII!H'b CBOA'L aa nallf'lRBD OCTa'T'bl\lI OT'b )l:-p'b MnJleTn'l'L B'L C60pHnR'L 189U, II.

3 Xapanrepacrasno e, 'le E'urapeT1> npDTCmaBa'I'L 1I all. 'lBCTO TYPCKD H'IlIlla eaoa C06CTBeHlllI nanaoaaana n3pa:meHDn. MnBape~'L1'L nanp. ce Eapn'la 6U7I:a.1l0 OT'b BBRall'L, 'laJlMaTa - r'L:mBa If T H.

4 EADH'b BBCOROaaCJlYlKIIJI'b l!a.llyrcp'L OT'b PnJlCKnMT'b 1II0HaCTnpL, Heo4lHT'b (t 1881) pa60TIIJI'b I\'bJlrn rOAD En Ball'b CABH'h oCillIHpeB'L p'k'lHlIB'L; BoiiTo paslI'kceso C'bAbpma EOEO a crapo-trsarapcaaa H3I1R'L, no e CTllrHaJl'b caao AO IlYlIsTa

-1-

I

....

• "r': ~~'.".

71

CTpoih'I. aa Hspt'leHlleTO e npOCT'I. H HCeH'I.. 3ary6aTa na npHlJaCTHlIra H na lIIHOrO na]l;e1KH OT'I. CJIaBHHCROTO CRJIOHeHHe )l;aBB B'I.3:M01KHOCTl> sa JIeCHa CTlIJIHCTHRa, nO'lTH RaTO B'I. aHfJIHiiClrHiiT'I> H3HK'I>. CeraIl1HHitn llHCMeHeH'I. H3HE'I., HCTHHa, e ome HeC'I>B1pmeHeH'I>. He~OCTaTO'lHO sa]I;&J.lOO'IaBaHHe B'I> illHBaTa napoma pt'l1, He3HaHHHe rra pOIl.HHffT'I> CHHT8liCHC'I> (aanp. HenpaBHJIHO YllOTpMHBaHHe rra 'I.lIeH'I>T'I», 'lptn Y'IeHlIe B'I. CTpaHCTBO IlImpBaHOTO B.lIHHHHe na 'lY1KII.H H3JIIJ;H H Eyn'I> q,paHllY3CRH )Q'Mll II PYCCRll nannerapesn H3PIlJI:WHHH - eTO HlWOBHTt raasmr paaa. Ho sese aerxa no-aersa ce cptmaT'I. )J;o6pJI o6pa3IJ;H II OT'I> TaH r.IIell:na TO'IRa.

YnoTpt6.ueMoTo B'I> nt.JIaTa crpaaa RllPHJICKO IIHCMO HMa C'I> eaaa 6YRBa no-neue (z) H C'I. H'ilROJIKO IIO-Ma.JIRO, HeiKe.rrH OHOBa Y C1p6HTt H PYCCHTt. KYPCHBHOTO IIHCllIO npt)J;'I. JIaTHHCKOTO HMa OHaH He lIIaJIRB eroaa, 'le B1pBII B'I. ema sepra, oen CHeMaHHe neporo sa I-To'Ie'IHo, II.HaIqmTH'lCmm 3HaROBe n y)(apCHJIH. Oprorpaeaara e aeyeranoaeaa H HeO)l;tJIaHa; Haii-pacrrpocTpaHeHa C OHaH na ItHJIiKOBHOTo }J;pY1KeCTBO B'I. COq,HH. 1

TBl>pp;t MHoroo6pa3JIH, JIO ome Ma.JII\'O HaCJIt)l;BaHH C3i JIapt'lHHTa.

PYCCRHfiT'I. q,JI.rro.IIor'I. II nd>.TemeCTBeHHHK'I. BHKTOP'b fpnrOpOBH'I'I. (1845) HMa OHaH sacryra, 'Ie e Ha'IepTa.JI'I. ilJ,pmrrt OCHOBH na 6'I..lIrapCI(ara

08'1fa C3a HerOBOT<) HaCJI'h)l;CTBO Cpo MOitT'b 1J;0RJIa)l;'h B'b lIep. Cnnc. II, 1882, 131 H CJI1>JJ;.). BnBlIInlI .fhlllepaTopcRnit PyccRnll: KOHCYJI'b rOcnO)l;IIH'b Hall:)I;eH'L I'epom, (poAOM'L n3'L Konpnw;nn;a) MH nosaaa 1884 B'L ilJIOBJJ;nB'b CBOliT'L p<lI.KOnnCeH'L p1>'fHnK'L AO U na 'fnCTO npsnacan-s, OCTaHaJIaTa 'faCTb HS xapTlrlhm. Toll: C'b)l;bpmS caxo aaPOAHII )l;YMn C'b YAapeHnH, n;IITaTH na'b n1>cHn II nOCJIOBIIn;n, II 6'L.napcKu, II PYCCKII o6HcHeHIIH; e)l;HH'L oepeaeirs OT'b Hero (A, E, sacrr, OT'L B) ce e HBnJI'b orne 1853 B'L MocRBa. B'bJIrapo-pycCRHliT'L CJIOBapb, KOIITO o'hrne 3anO'fH8JI'L Aa H3,11;aB8 npll)l;H MaJIKO 1I0'lHHaJInliT'L MOCKOBCKBii YHlIBepcnTeTCKnll: npo.peccop'b ;U;roBepHya, ,11;0 cera He CbMb BHm)l;aJI'b; TO:H Tp1>6Ba lJ;a e C'LCTaBeH'b caMO OT'b ne'faTaH'b MaTepH8JI'L, C~ BKJIro'feHHe sa nnCMeHHIIHT'b B3nK'b. MHomeCTBO p1>'fHIIIIH ee aaaapar-s B'b Q8CTHn P&q1>. B'L B'LJIraplIff Tp1>OBa lJ;a paeoepar-s, 'Ie TaK'LBa eAHa pa60Ta Hai'f-IJ;Oop1> ce CnOJIY'fBa, KoraTO ce noaBn 6'bpao. H nOCTOnHHO ce 1J;0n'bJIHffBa n nOP;o6pHBa 'fP~3'b )l;06aBKH OT'L 'IHTaTeJInT1> H OT'b )l;06pOBOJIHn C'b6npaTeJIn npn HOBHTlI H3)1;aHHH •.

l Hait-1I3JInrnHHliT'b B'b oprorpaenara e Renpon3HOCIIMniiT'L z (nJIn b), KOJ:i:TO, BaRTO II BCb PYCCKnll:T'L, ce rrpaaaxa K'bM'L acasna AYMII, KonTO ce ClIbprnllaT'b C'L C'LrJIaCHII; H30CTaBHHIIeTO aa TOBa nCTOpn'IeCKO HaC.!I1>)I;lIe me C'LRpaTH ynO'l"pt6HBaHneTO Ha 6YKBIITt OKOJIO H3 e)l;Ha ceAeMHap;eceTa. 3a nOJIyrJIaCHnTlI ce ynoTp1l6HBa BaRTO CTapO·CJIaBHHCKaTa ROCOBKa JK, T'bli H '0, nspaara no-aexero B'b KopeHHBT'll CJIOrOBe. lI,o HeOTKO.!IlI ynOTP'h6HB8xa OCB1>H'L U orne bZ H i, caxo OT'L IICTOpn'feCKO 6JIaro'leCTlie II OT'b nO)l;pamaHne aa PYCCIIT1>, KOIITO, otiaxe, n3rOBapHT'L C'LBC'IlM'}, pa3JIn'fHO i n 01. OTlJ;aJIeqeHneTO aa nlfcMeHHnitT'b OT'L rOBopnMHJ:i:T'b H3nK'b e ro.Il1>MO j Hanp. IjlOHeTnqeCKH T'L:H 3BYQallle HspllQeHne ~M&m'bT BJIHSHaJI'b 1I'L$ K'blllaTa cn" Tp1>OBa )l;a ce name "M&m'bT'b BJI'h3HaJI'L B'L K<lI.w;aTa CII." HCTOpH'feCRHHT'L nep;aHTn3111'L e BaTpY)I;HnJI'L HCRYCCTBOTO aa nacaaae B'b BCn'fRn Tne 3eMn TBbpp;ll MHoro; KOARO e )[&'fHO aanp. aa e,ll;HH'L~ oI>HKHoBeHeH'b HOBOrpLK'L )l;a aaae, )l;aJIn Tp'll6Ba )1;3 TypII t, 71, S~ l!I.11H ec ! EAHHCTBeHHO CLp6nTll ce OCMllJIIIXa C'.bBLpmeRRO p;a CR&C8T'L CHOIDeHl!ll C'D TpaAIU\nHTa .

72

)J;HaJIeKTOJIOrIIJI. I On roraaa e copaH,]) xnoro MaTepIlaJI1i OT1i Mt.OTHIl xopa, HO, sa EaJIOOn, Toil e npsornars no pa3H1t onaeanaa. 2 3a MJIai1.IITt 6'hJIfapCRII 4JIIJIOJI03Il TyRa ee OTBap.lI ei1.HO oornIlpHO nptKpaCHO nOJIe.

3a i1.aBHOCThTa na HaptqIlIITa HIIe 3HaeM1i MaJIKO. RJIIIH1iT1i na I1eTOqaero Hapt.qIl8, KoeTO OT1i TpaKIlitcKaTa pasnaaa ce npOM1iKBa BCptln> PO)J;onCKOTO Hapt.qlIe II oorpaiua llryxaMei1.aHCKIITt Bsarape OT1i ~OCnaT1i, Tpil6Ba i1.a e Ii3HIlKHa.IIO OI~e npIi pacrrpoerpaneaaero na Ji1C.lIaMIl3M1iT1i II MOEerne J(a ce C1IIt.Ta sa J(OKa3aTe.IICTBO, qe J(BtTt. Hapt.qIlII Cd\. II3HIIKHa.II1I eJ(HO )1;0 )l;Pyro nOqTII B1i I\paff:Th aa Cpt.J(HHTt. BimOBe. ApxaIl3MIlTt. II.IIII ocooeHHIITt crenena aa pa3BHTHe, mo ce npOi1.1iJIlKaBaT'b J(a.IIeq1i e)l;HII on )l;pyrH B1i OCTpOBorrOJ(OOHO oorpaJ(eHII rrpt.)I;t.III1:, rrORa3BaT1J, qe MHoro Hapt.qHII OTqaCTH Cd\. caxo pa3HII, Bob CJItJ(CTBl1e na MtCTHII oomeHIIJI, IIO-Beqe IiJIH nO-llIaJIKO HanptJ(HaJIII HCTOpHqeCI\I[ 4Ja3H na .lI3IlK1iT1i.

ITo- sesero pa3J(t.mln HaptqHJlTa na ).IBt rOJItMH rpynna, HCTOqHa II aanaaaa ; 3 rro rrpaso HtKOH OT).ItJIJIT1i qy)l;HHKTh JI3HK1i na PO)l;Onut OT'b IiCTOqHaTa rpynrra, KaTO rperso napmae. Ho OTOt..JItlKlI .JIH qeJIOBi>K'h pacnpt).ltJIeHHeTO na H3BtCTIIH ocooeHHOCTII OT)J;tJIHO rpa4JHqeCKH na sapra, }IBJIBa ce e)J;Ha TBbPJ(t nserpa I\apTHHa, oripasnrs na KOJITO HHKaK1i He rra)J;an B1i TBI,P).lH rpaHIiIJ;H. 4 Cd\.I~eBptMeHHO ce cptm;an

1 I'paropoaax-s, Osepm, yqeaaro rrYTeIIIeCTBill rro Eaponeacsoa Typnia, Kassab 1848, 2 1I31\aHHe 1877.

2 1I3C.II'IlI\BaSIlHTa aa )l;pHsoBa, C.I!aBeHKOBa, CTOHSOBa, TOI\OpOBa, I' £60Ba n I\p. B'b Ilepaoa, Cnacaaae ; rraK'b TaM'b YIII l1883} 80 11 C.II'IlI\. eAHH'b KpaT'bK'b 06~'b 0630p'b sa IIHaJleKTO.IIorHHTS OT'b xeae, KaTO YBOI\'b K'bM'b H'IlKO.IIKO nscua OT'b qenHao.

3 r.IIaBsHT'Il pa3.IIHRl'l C£, OCBlIH'b Yl\apeHHeTO, 3am£XBaHHeTO mIn npHT£naaanaero sa rJIaCHHT1l 6e3'b yp;apeHlle aa BCTOK'b l'l na c'IlBepO-BCTOK'b (n.II'bBIlHa aaascro rr.IIaHBHa, lKH.lI1l3yTY naxscro lKe.II1lsoTO) cp'll~y rro·qIlCTBT'Il r.IIaCHIl sa tor-s H SanaA'b; H3rOBaplIBileTO sa CTapOTO 7; RaTO If sa IICTOK'b (oco6eHHO aanaaeao B'b POI\OnIlToll), e sa aanars ; rrOlIBlIBaHHeTO sa e H tc 1I.II11 'I(, aa aananr, saM'IlcTo HCTOqHOTO .:ICO II Uf; OKOHqaHHeTO sa CTapO-C.lIaBlISCKl'lT'll rJIarOJIH aa --K B'b 1 JIlIqe eI\BH. q ceraume BpllMe, -a aa HCTOKi, aa -eM7> aa aanam, (narua, IIHlIIeM'b).

4 BbPXY aeeaaaaaoro pacnp1lI\1lJIelIBe aa M£lKCKllll1"b qJIelI'b H 3BYKOBBHT1l OKOBqaHlIlI noraeaaa CTp. 69 61l.IIlllKKa 4. IIoll06Ha paaaasa c.Y.llIeCTBYBa B'b saCT£nlISHeTO CTSpO-CJIaBHH. -K: sa IICTOK'b '3 (p'bKa npll BIlI\HlI'b, or-sacra B'b Coq)llHCKO H B'b eaaa qaCTL aa MaKe/lOHRlI C'b YAspeBHe 7>, 6es'b YllapeHRe a (p-sxa, YMaJIHTeJIHO pauaua ; n'bTb, naTYBaM'b), B'b I\PyraTa 'taCTb aa CoqlllHcKaTa KOTJIOBRBa, lIaOKOJIO PH.ICKaTa UJIaHHHa, npa KrocTeHI\HJI'b, B'b csnepaa MaKeAOHIlH caxo a [pasa, naro), B'b naauaacaara Tp'bHCKa M'IlCTHOCTb H B'b aanaaaa MaKe/lOHIlH Y (PYl1a, rryT'b), B'b Pozonars H Ae6'bp'b 0 (posa, nor-s}, B'b KOCTypCKOTO aapnxae H Bpanaroso B'b allKOn CJIyqaH 7>1< (p'bHKa) 'I'aaa C£~O HeeAHaKBo e paasrscreao IISrosapanaero sa p II .1b: na HCTOK'b 1I0-BeqeTO RaTO c-sraacaa 'OP, 'O.1b (T'bpH, B'b.IIK), eaao B'b KonpH~nu;a KaTO p«, .7t'3 (BJI'bK'b, B.II'brapHH'b noxra KaTO Bsaraparrs}; B'b cp'llAaTa oT'b3.1laTHl1a qaK'b 1\0 Bapaapr, KaTO raacaa, KaKTO B'b cpb6cKllliT'h H sexCKBHT'b HSIlI1R; sa 3allal\'b 0T'h Bapaapr, rraK'b 7>P, '3.1b, B'b POI\OnHT1l, )l;e6'bp'b II OXPIlA'b op, O.1b (IlOpBO, AbPBO, nopaa, IlbPBII), HO He sa BC1lK£I\1l, 06aqe, noc.IIlll\OBaTeJIHO. r.llaro.ll'bT'b, KOHTO otipaayau 6£l\y~eTo Bp'llMe 3ByqB sa BCTOK'b Ufe (OT- 1\1IJISII rosopa me B .:ICc), OT'b BIlIIHH'b rrp1ls'b CO~HH 1\0 c1lBeplIa MaKep;oBBH «e, OKO.IIO PBJICKaTa nJIaHIlHa 0T'b CaMOKOB'b p;o C1lp'b tee (OT'}, cph6cKOTO «e, B'b aaqeCTBO aa '1(" KoeTO a3'b HayqllX'b B'b qeplIa-rOpa H )l;y6pOBBBK'b, TBbPI\1l PSS.lIllqsO; CpSB. aJI6alICKOTo nazaraae lC).

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r '\ 3Ba'lllTeJIHH rrpOTHBOrrOJIOlKHOCTH e)(HO-)(O-)I;pyro, secro MelK)(Y rpaJ{'J. II

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" H C T 0 'l HOT 0 Hapt'lHe ce npocrapa na HCrOK'J. B'J. rrO.JIYTYPCKHrt

'IepHoMopCKH MtcrHOCTH, na IOr'J. B'J. )(OJIHe- TpaKIIlicKaTa paBHIIHa Mell\)I;! OJ{PHH'J. II l(apHrpa)('J. (B'J. Mell\)(HHH cpt)('J. PO)(OIH~KHitr'J. )(I1aJIeKT'J.), aap;tBa rrO)(HOlimeTO na PO)(OrrHrt, oorpJl.ru:a B'J. KJIHHOOOpaaeH'J. noay-

ocrpom XpHCrIlJIHCKIIrt rparone Ilemepa II Baran, II MyxaMe)(aHCKOTO .l(ocrrarcKO uraro, HaOCTaBJI na sananroro napnsae KJl.T'1r'J. Kpait acrosBlIIl,H'ft na ~lapHIl,a H ce onapa aa aanars ropt-)(o.IIY 0 HCK'J.P'J.. MtCT-

Bocr1ra I1xTHMaH'J. II Baaapers e cMtceHa, . rrptooJIallaBa·rrO"Be'le,3anlilJ;-" . BOTO; II COtPIIitcKara KOrJIOBHHa rrpHHa)l;JItlKH noro nosra C'J.BCtM'J. K'J.M'J. aanamoro Hapt'lHe, sora 'lpt3'J. HOBII nptceJIJIBaHHJI no .l(YHaB'J.r'J. HCTO'lHOrO ce npocrapa K'J.M'J. PaXOBO. TYKa rrplfHa)(JItlKH C..lI.rU:O II H3HK'J.T'J. ua B'J.JIrapert B'J. Beccaparina II BaHaT'J..

Hafi-'lHCTO O'J.JIrapCKO naptnae, C'J. Hali-MaJIKO 06ea06paaeHII r.!IaCHH, ee nasapa 6JIII3Y )(0 ..lI.r'J.JI'J.T'J. na rparf Hap'J\'lHH, B'J. Il,eHTpa.IIHa Cpt)l;HJI I'opa. OCaKarJIBaHIIero aa rJIaCHIIrt oe3'f, y)l;apeHIIe e ~lHoro CII.JlHO na lICrOK'J. orr, JIHHHlIra ITJIOB)I;HB'J.-HIIKorron n pacre rJIaBHO K'J.M'J.

ctBepOHCrOR'1 na TaR l~tJIOKyrrHa R3lIKOCJIOBHa OOJIaCT1. ITo eaerseHHe aa csr JIaCHlITt IIopa3HTeJIHO e It 0 T JI e H C K 0 T 0 Hapt'llIe, rOBOPHMO czmo H B'b BbpOlIIl,a, TlI'la, EJIeHa, HO He II B'J. OCTaHaJIaTa 6JIIIlKna OROJIHOCTh aa rpa)l;'1n ROTeJI'1; lICTOTO HBJIeHlIe ce 3aotJIt3Ba B'J. Hapt,'lHeTO na CTpaH)I;lKa-IIJIaHIIHa npn ~laJIKo TbpHOBo.

TOBa lICTO'lHO Hapt'llIe e rrOCJIYlKIIJIO aa OCHOBa na ceraIIIHlriiT'J> IIHCMeH'J. R31IK'J., IIOHelKe IIbpBIITt II Hali-)I;oOplI HOBOO'J.JIrapCIfII nacaTeJIlI CJI. IIPOII3JIt3JIlI on 3eMJITa nospaf IICTO'lHIIlh'1 n I~eHTpaJIHnfin BaJIKaH'J..

Crapo e B TOp 0 TO, pyrrcKo (pyrr~KII!i JI3IHn,) Hapt'lIIe B'J. P oJ{ 0 n II T t. To ofirpzuta Il,tJIIITt PO)l;OrrCKII nJIaHIIHII on )l;OJIHJI CTpYMa )(0 EHOC'1, C'J. IICKJIIO'lemle llItCTHOCTIITt Pa3.1Om (sanarao}, BaTaK'J. II .l(ocrraT'J. (acrosno), CJl.IUO II MeJIHIIK'J., .l(eMlIp'J.- XlICCap'1, Ctp'J., .l(paJlla, Henponom., lJemmo, AX'1p'1-lJe.JIeon, Pyrr'loc'J., Xaesoso, .l(IIMoTlIKa If wepa. Ha IICTOK'1 on 1I0.JIHlI MapIIIl,a TO rOCrrO)(CTBYBa, xnoro nara rrptKJl.CBaHO OT'1 nCTO'IHOTO napmae, B'b paBHIIHIITtnpII Y 3YH'J.-RIOnpHJI II B'J. CTpaH)I;lKa-IIJIamma npn JI03empa)l;'J., BYHap'J.-XHccap'J., WaKIIJI, 1(0 'IepHoMopCKOTO RpalioptlKlIe npa Bypracr, II MII)I;IIJI. Onopara-

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1 Hanp. aa 4 xaca OTp;aJIeqeHI'!TB eano 01'"& p;pyro Ilaaarropaute I'! Konpamana I'!Ma1'"& sese paamsa B"& 6, P I'!JI (Cesty 250, gaG. 42). UpI'! ilJ;l'In"& CN.~eC1'BI'!- 1'e'[HI'!1':Il 01'"& MN.lKC. pOP;"& B"& rpaA"&1''li 3Byqa1'"& C"& OROHQaHl'!e -0, B"& ORO'[BOC1'b1'a C'b q'[eH"&1'b -ams : rpaao, rpap;a1'"&.

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':Ie.eKHTO erara B'I>3aropCKO nOJIe, nptCI\a'Ia ~OplI B'I>. IIpOBa)l;lIil:cKo (IIltCTHOCTh C'I>PTKI.oil:JIep'I». 1

" PaSHOElIlI.HlI C& Hapt'IlIHTa .aa rOJItMaTa T p e r H san a ~ H a

rpynna, KO)lTOCe npocrapa ~O rpaHIIIJ;lITt na CPI.OCKJI:itT,]), aJIoaHcKllil: ,R rphIJ;RJIil: HSBIJ;H. 110 60raTCTBOTO na II.YMII H, OT)l;tJIHlI 1\J0PMlI TOEa napt'IlIe. SBy'IlI RaTO cph6cROTO, HO lIMa ~p:yra rJIaCHa ClICTeMall npare-

,EaBa B,]) CXO~HH 1\J0PMlI xaoro Of']) THlIlI'IeCRHTt HBJIeHlIH na ~pyrlITt ,o,])JIrapCKll uapnsaa. TtSlI Hapt'llIH MOraT'I> ce rpymrapa 13']) nen, )l;tJIa. lII>pBHil:T'I> ee npocrzpa ors JJ;ynaB,]) )),0 Bapaap's ; OT.IIH'IHTe.lIHO e rocnOIl.CTByroIUeTo ORO.lIO IJ;t.lIa PlIJIa-mIanHHa uapssae (CaMOKOB,]), JJ;ynIInIJ;a, RrocTeH)),H.Il'h, JJ;iK)'MaH, Pa3JIOr'])), na RoeTO RaJIyrep'hT'h O. HeoI\JHT'I>, PO)),PM,]) Pil.SJIOiKeneIJ;']), e np1meJI,]) (1840) CB. IIHcaHHe. BTopn:il:n Jl,tJI'h OOrp&IUa 'IY)),HHHT'I> JISHK,]) na nJIaHHHCKaTa SeMJI MeiK)),y IiCR,])P'I>, CTPYMa II Hmnaaa, npn BpaHJI, TP'hH,]) , BptSl.lHK'I>, UapII6po~']) II TIllPOT']). OT'I> ctBepHaTa crpana TOil: e C,])BI.pmeHHO saTHCHaT'I> OT'I> ~lIJI.BOTO paSBHTHe na cph6CRHHT'h eJIeMeHT'I> II aCCllMII.1J:Hpyrorn;aTa CIIJIa na cph6cRHil:T'I> JISIIR,]); RaRTO nOCJIt)),Hn:itT'I> na rof']) e y~aBeH,]) OT,]) C'I>Ct)l,HHTt o,])JIl'apCRH uapsuaa, l')),tro TtXHHTt CJIt)l,1I ce npocrapars ~O RpaTOBO. 2 OomHpeH'1 npt)),tJI'h oorp&maT,]) MaJIRO OTJ1H'IaroIUHTt ce e)J,HO OT,]) )),p)'ro Hapt'IIiJI na sanars OT'1 Bapgaps, npn IIpHJItn'h, BH.TOJIJI, OXPlI)l;']) H T. H. Ha KpaiiHHii ioroaanam OROJIO KOCT-YPCKOTO eaepo, no 1;'paHHIJ;aTa 1\,])M,]) r1pIJ;HTt II BJIaCHTt, lIMa e)l;HO HSO.llHpOBaHO CT~pO napt'IlIe C'h OCTaTRH na HOCOBRII, RoeTO RaTO OCTPOB'h OT'h HOBO npOHCX01R)J;eHHe ce cptma H B'h BpaIJ;HrOBO B'I> PO)l,OnlIT'B. 3 Haii-ctrnt na KPail:HHil: sana)),']), no npt)),tJIHara rpaHlIIJ;a Ha aJI6aHcRHitT,]) H3HK,]) , C&meCTBYBa e)l,HO COOCTBeHHO napssae 13']) CJIaBJIHCRaTa 'IaCT1 na JJ;eo'])p']), KoeTO no HtROH npH3HaIJ;1I e CXO)),HO c']) PO)l,OnCKOTo naps-rae (JISHK,])T'h na T'])il: Hape'IeHlITt ~IHHIJ;n no )I,O.lllIHaTa na Pamna H 13']) KpyrneBO). 4

I I

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1 TpoiiHnllT'h '1JIeH'h, Hllfi\1l P;Pyralrll He aaxonamerc ce rperso nOKaSaTeJIHO .x1lcTOII)leHlle COK, can, coea, OTHOCIITCJIBOTO xompu (BaM1lCTO noaceancruoro 7I:OU) II xHoro6poliBil .IIeKCn'leCKII ocotieaaocra npaBHT'h H3nK'hT'h aa Pop;onn;nT1l p;opn sa . oaae, KOIITO CB060l\BO fOBOPBT'h 6'b.llrapCKII, npl! nbpBa cp1llIla '1ylKl\'h II MalIKO noBHTeH'b. BbPXY pacnpocrpaaeaaero lily cp. C.IIaBeIlKoB'b, B'h "HaYKa", II, 466.

2llol\po6HOCTil B'b Cesty po Bulharsku 369 - 370. M&lKbe'r1l, KonTO JI1lT1l OTIIBBT'b, RaTO pa60THIIl.\JI, B'b crpaacrao, uo-aesero B'b CbP61111 JIJIH no P;YHal!'hT'b, .noxra llClI'IKIl fOBOPST'b l\o6pll cpsocsa II.IIH HCTO'lBO-6'l>JIrapcKIl. BbPXY OTCT.v,.nBa~rlleTo sa 6'l>JIrapCKlIllT'b 113:nK'b np1ll\'b cpb6cKIli1T'b cpaBHII 1II0eTO C'h'IIIHeHlle Heerstrasse 78.

3 HOCOBKJIT1l C&lIIeCTBYBaT-b B'b OKO.110 21 !lYMIl. Cpo Cesty 320. T1l Tp1l6Ba Aa ce cpsmar-s II B'b OKO.llHOCTbTa na COJlYH'b.

4 B'l> aanama MaKep;OHIIH nopalKaBaT'h nponycsn C'b CHJIeB'h xaarycr, (cy'o, Ilpe'O ll'OPO'O, MII.IIaAHBOB'b 371) H MeTaTe311 aa U (B'h Kpa:nlI\e 7I:yu7I:a HaM1lcTO JlYKll, KYIIa, KOllTO ce HaplI'la B'b KIOCTeHl\lIJI'b II Cot{lnll nama, nCTO'lH06'bJIrapCKH IU'>IIIB; npa KOCTYP'b KRlIIeiiBe, '1Y!leIlHe, na KoIlHa). TPOTbOTO JIlIl1e el\IJH. '1HCJIO naeronme spsae 1J1IIa OKOH'IaHlle -mz (eubum«, oaeams ; cemz == HCTO'll106'h.llr ca, ca)

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B:nitT'h RaJInaK'h. CaMO 6BpOrr6iicKlITt MeOOJIH, RaTO HOBO II xy6aBfl Htmo, B8.MlIpan B'h rpa)l;OBeT'B MHOro KyrryBaqll; nO)l;'h BJIIIHHII6TO na MHorO- 6poiiHH npas.n;HIIIJ;H paenpoorpaaaaars C6 H eJIeraHTHIITt aauaraa lKeHCKH )l;P'BXH. TOBa B'hs6YiKll;a onn03HD;IIH, ROJITO ce M.KqH )l;a 113Ba)(11

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na MO)l,a HapO)l,HOTO OOJI1lRJIO H rpy6uTt npOlf3Be)J,eHHJI ua naporaara I1pOMJIlll.JleHHOCT1; )l,OplI B'1 CoqmJI KOHTeTa, mo nYIIlaT'L, HOCJIT'L B'L )l,ae6'hCrapO Ol'HII.JlO C'1npaX'LU'h, KOeTO, HC'FIIUa, nO)l,'1 OTKPIITO ne60 e lI.Q-npaKTH'l.UO on BctKaK'hB'L KJIOplI'f'h.

IIaTaJIOrJI'l.l'eKIl oeoGI'HUOCTH mIa ;ua.mo. MaKap'L crpanara H p;a e nptct'l.ena C'b Bl!eOKlI IIJIaIlJIHll, KpeTJIHH3Jll'1T'b e pt)!,KOCTL, KaKTO no II'BJHlilT'h EaJIKaHI'R1d:j IlOJIYOCTPOB'h. B'1 II'h.mo pa3BIITO C'LCTOlIHHe, KOe'fO C'LB1pllleUUO )l,a upn.IHI'l.a aa l:IB.lfeUlIlITa no 1I3- BT,eTIllI1"1l AJIlIIIiicKI1 !l;OJUfUU, TOll ce l:IBHHa caao OKOJIO PJf.Ja-WIaIlJIHa, ocotieauo ITO U:1BOPlI'J"B ua l\Iapull,a II AlKep~Iell'h, saxro 11 no cpt)l,HeTO reseaue HU ptRuTa PJIJla. I'a.1101lIHIf'1"t RpenIHlI C1I>. oeaopaJ\U, C'1 rOJI'BMH 1'.lJaBI1:, )leOeJIII crpaun, il,peono T'BJIO. seneTBeJ['J, l'JlaC'1 II ce JIlOJI"Bl:IT'b upu XU)\eHIIe'}'o. B'L Cauapeuoua EauJI mYUUlIwfia ORO.JIlJI) nne HaOJIlO)l,aBaXMe ei\UH'L 18-ro)\IHlJeH'L KpeTI1H'1 IIU pact-s KOJIKOTO e)l,I1H'h Ma.l'1l\'h Y'l.eHlII\'I" uo oe:n neronara IlIITeJf.lII1:reUTnOCTb. B'b ceauero Pnaa IIpklIl>pHxMe enaoro l!ilpae'M'h eaao )1,0 80 CIU. aa BiICO'l.IIHa. B'1 uafi-OOl'aTOTO C'I, RpeTlllm ce.10 Ilacrpa ua p. Para nail· ~Br. 2. Cexannm. OT'b )l;ynIllllIIKaTa IWTJlOBHIIa. rOJl't~la 'JaCTh OT'b naCeJlenHe·

TO mua l'YlIllL B'bn'b, 0'1"1 'fOR np'B)\'llJlh RpeTl1Hl1illU'hT'h He ce ep:Bllla, JIIIl~a C'b rymn CITOpa!~T1'leeKR ce llHifiilaT'h 8'L PO)~OnCRaTa J~omlHa 'Iemrao, nOCJlt ITO IOrOI1C'fO'l.BII1"£ 1l0Jlll ua Bnroura, RaKTO 11 Wh Il'tKon EaJIfiaUCKIi )l;OJIHUH, IIMeHHO RpM Et.1I0rpa!I'lIIR'h Ii I'aopouo 01"1 C'£BepHaTa crpana, B'h KJlII:cypa B'b ~O;1JnHaTa na l'sonca Ii npn CJUlBell'l> 0'1"1, I01KUaTa crpana, no nee caso RaTO lICKJIR)'I.enlfl:l, Ilpu I1sBOP'L ua ctBep'h OT'L KIOC'feH)l;HJI'b an 3a6'BJrlliKUX'h RapJlln~lI, no HI1RUK'1 ue KpeTlIHH 1I ryum. B'b KJUlcypa

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:II Ilacrpa 00pa30BaHIleTO na ryIlIIITt npanaoaan, C'1>BCBM'1> KaKTO B'I. . A.[IIHHCKlITB CTpaHH na naeaae BO)l;a on H3BBCTRH Re3)l;paBII 1I3BOPH (rymaBH BO)l;lI).

OO,TBRJIOTO na O'1.lIrapCImTB CeJIITHe e TBl.p)l;B pasaoofipaaao, OCO'6eHHO iIteHCKOTO (<pUl'. 1-14). Haporaa ~Id\.lKCKa nOKplIBKa aa raasa 00pa3YBa KU(pHHaTU lVIll 'lepna pYHTaBa OT'1> OB%H IWiIi.a utamra, HIIC1\il II ropt naocna (samam., ryr.aa on aar. cucullus). JleI'KJITt 1IepIIH saananu lIO l'pa~OBeT'£ Cd\. caxo YT'l.H1ICHO rrOJ~pa;KaHne aa rae TemKH CeJICKH mauna. B'1 ~I'BCTHOCTIITB no ,~OJIIIlI MaplII~a ce HOCHT'1> ClhIll,O 'lepHH 1Ia,DUI, UpH CO<PIIH C'1>BCBM'1> Ma:uaI a.IeHlI uransa, KOMTO na UBJIHH aanall1, nplIHaJl;JIBlImn }lCTO 1\'1M'1 oo.TIm.mTD na Ma.lIlUIT'B IIBua. 1 ]j;pBxwra n lllUPOKJITB raura Cd\. nO-Be'lCTO OT'b TbMIlORa<pHHa OB'll.JI

. B'1>JIHa (on naarn a o a}, Ca~IO na aanars, ORO,lO BH)I;IIH'l., CO<pHIT, TP'1>H'1> ce HOCHn OB.1Il /(ptXlI II C'1>BCBM'1> T'tCHR rauia. I llo iuesoBeTB II spaamara ilptXHTt ce uraparn C'l. lI,BirrHIf raRTaHIf. OROJIO caarara ce onacsa Tl.MHO'lCPBCH'1> lllHpOK'1> 1l0HC'L, 1lCCTO )I;'1>.'I'11"L HtKOJIIW xerpa ; B'1 HcrOBHT'£ CI''1>HllJ{ 1leCTO 1IMOBBR'L HOCH CBOIITt IIpe6- IlH llOTpMn. OB'IaplITt B'1 3arral\H1dt EaaRaH'1 U npn ~parOMaH'1> ce OO.JIH'laT'L B'1 rpyoIf II;ptXR II rama OT'1 'IepHII pYHTasH R03MI ROllUI, 1I C'1> CBOHTt ro.Tt~UI KOiI,aHII manna OT,~a.1e'l'l. H31'.!leIl;BaT'1>, HaTO Me'lKH I1JIH lKHBH KapTIIHlI na crapaf (ion HaH'L. IL1aHHIIcRHTt 7InrreJM noaesero HOCHn )l,cOcmI, Ot.'IlI B[,:meHH uopana (K<lJIUYHII). HapOl\HIITB oOYIll,a Cd\. orrlIHI~II (uapBYJIII) C'L naByula, oOMoTalUI C1, T'1>HRII pesana, I\OIITO lIaBaT'l. BCl.3MO;KnOCTb sa aerua, 0'1>P31I ilBlllKCHIIH II He npaBHT'1> HIlKall'1> IllY~I'l. npn XOlI;eHIICTO. EOCII Bp'LeTHII lII&iKbe ce BJIlKl\aT'1> ptl\KO. EB.!laTa pnaa (RornYJIH) no rJ>.PllIITB II no llllIpORIlTt p&KaBM e ooraTO OOIIIfITa, no- Be1lCTO C'1> 1IepBCHlI opHaMeHTII; BctRa MtCTHOCTh liMa CBOH OOpa3Cll'1> aa TIIC HaRRTll. HPOCTUHT'1> 1IMOBBR'1> He HOCIl l\OJIHlI raum. 3UIlIB JI ~1J\.iI(l.eTt, U lKeHlIT'B HOCJIT'L paarasna rO,TIlMIIHa KOJKYCII, rrO-Be'ICTO OT'L OB%II KOJllJr ("r, OOl.pnaTa uasarpf R03IIHa.

EC3IWHe'IHO paanootipaane Cd\.Ill,eCTByBa B'L JKCHCHUTt iWBXU; iWpU OJIlI3Y CI\1l0 1\0 I\pyro .!ItlKaIlllI cera ce paaamaearr, no Mej'K~y ('II IIO CBOIITt opHaMCHTII. Han-npocroro oO.'It1\'lO, ABt TelKRlI HaTO fie.)IlfMlI IIptCTIIJIKIl, eaaa OTIIPBI\'1>, I\pyraTa OTillIp1;) ce cpfnua caxo lIn ~YHaBcfiaTa 06-

1 TOBa HOCCIII!e e crapo. Orne Bya6eJi'b e 3a6:llJllllllll.I'b "pileolum purpureum" na .,virgines nobiles", B'b Csptiaa 1553 npH arO~HHa (Ba~. 1633 CTp. 34)-

~ Tile 'rllcHH raura napasar-s B'b CO~Jd.lI H UHPOT'h ope6e~1fIJ, oe.HelJpe1{lt, elisa aaraaouaa P;YMa, KOHTO e noaaara B'b l\llJIaT<~ cnaepaa IIO~OaIl.Ha aa nOJlJocTPOB'bT'h, OT'b POP;OIll1Tll 110 ,1l;a.lMaTJd.llCKIlTlI 6pllroae (C&~O H no a.l6anCKH 6peSp;eaeK'b, PYX&SCKII 6epHeSe'lIl). Czosapr.r-s sa IOroc.taallHclIa'pa Alallellllll B'b 3arpe6'b ce onaraa p;a cruece Tall IIYMa K'bM'h JlaTHHCIWTO bracae,

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JIMTb. liHaR']) ee HOCRT']) lJ,t.T[H 4!YCTH OT'1 Haii-pa3JlH'lHH Il,B'B'rOBe, aaerao cs e)l,Ha ocooeHHa !lptUlRa oe3'1 p&RaBH; fiorarc namapeaa npaCTH.lJI\a (q.rYTa, CKYTU'l'L) He .lIIIIlCBa IlIII\Ol'a. PIIsaTa no- nesero ee no!laBa H3'h-llOWh IIO.lIIITt na <\lYCTaTa. II1HpomdiT'1 nones e HJIH TelICbK'1 OT'b Koma, II.lIll .lIeI'K'1> OT'I> CllIla lI.lIlI uepseaa B'LJIHa, noasnora e yRpaceH'h C'b Cpt6'LPHll naurasaa, 3a uaxra (ua<\lTH, B'1 ThPHOBO IIllXTlI) CJIymaT'1> )l,Et rO.lI'BMlI lUeTa.lIJII1'leCFiII, 'leCTO CpM'LPHlI ll\HT'WTa. meHIut CII anunnnaaaru raauara C'b e)l,HOlJ,B1mIlI IrLpIIll, IWlITO ee CBhp3EaT'b nO)l,'b RO-

'caTa, MO~lIiTt nauponrm. no- nesero XO)J,aT'b I'O.lIOrJIaBll. no PO)J,onIITB .Ii na CTpaH)J,lKa, Kano B'h XepIl,erOBIIHa, lKeHIl'rt HOCHT'b 'lepBeH'b <PeC'b n BPbX'b Hero otJIa Fi'1prra, 1l0Fipait )J,OJIRH ~laplllW sepna 'laJIMa II OTl'OP'B ce pasRima 6t.lIa Fi'bpna. lla nIHOl'O MtcTa Fi'bM'b socara nplmptuHBan qlaJImana soea OT'h lWilhli ROCMlI II.lIlI B'L.lIHa, ROHTO e otiunrra ("L cps- _ 6'1PHII napa, L llapa OFiOJIO IIllIHTa, no ROlKaHllitT'I:. uoacr., )l,opn nORpati. 'IeJIOTO B'b BJ[)~'h ua )l,IIa)J,ellIa )J,Oll']).lIHHT'b Hae)J,Ho C'b I~BtTH, nBTKH 1I TptBH UalUlT'hT'b na BC'BFia lIIJIa)1,a O'LPilO )1,BluaIOllla ce C'h CBOIiTt onnaJIll Ih.lIrapKa. DOraTII'l"B l!,emi, uaatcro ooulmoBeHHlIT'B na IWHl~1I HaHH- 3aHlIOl"hpJIlII\11 (uanuau, CIIHIl,II) 0T'1 ROpa.lIJIII, nlOHl1CTa 11 CPBO'bPHlI R&Cxera, HOCHT'b nmOl'OOpOiiHII ll\hJITllJIll (aJIT'I:.HlI). He C& sa aa6paBHHI1e UphCTeHlfrB, OOUJIIIT'B, l'PHBJIlITt, 1I0CJIt)l,Hl1T'B, nanp. npn Co<\lIIH MaCCUBHlI OT'b ll\bJITa 1l1'1>)l,h, HaYMHBaT'b lIO <\lOPMIIT'B ClI 3alIa!(HOeBponeitcKllT'B c: )1,0- HCTOplI'leCKlI» nananbpnaaaa. Ilpoasuara B'h Il,BtToBeT'£ e 1'0JIB~Ia, OT'I:. 'lepHlI )l,ptXH B'h Cp'B!IHH I'opa )1,0 O'BJIOCH'Bll\HII OKOJIO JIol\l'h-llaJlaHKa, l'h;\IHO~llHlI no PO)\OIIlIT'B 11 llI'BCTHOCTl1Tt nOKpaH Bnrouia, 1I ileJIeml npa I\IOCTeH)I,IlJI'h, pastiupa ee, BCtKO OO.T[tKJIO C'b J(P"FOll,BBTlUl llpullltca. B'1 UptCTllJIKlITt II lIOHCliTt 'lepBeHlIHT'b JIBBT'L na)l,)I,'BJHIBa BCll'lKII )I,PyrII. IIJIaT'bT'h aa me paCKOlllHII, maCCI1BHII OOJrBKJIa ce upana B'b ~allllITt CeJICKlI K&ll\II, 'lpt3'b ll\eHCNa patiora ua ~TaHOBe, II Talll'L C&ll\O ce OOH)l,Ilcna. 2

Ce.T[JIHIUl'hT'L uusora ue 1I3JllI3a O'1"h ceJIO oe3'£ roara uau )J,'ura, )I,eoeJIa cona, KoaTO my CJlyll\lI sa 1l0)J,KapBaHl1e na Brrp'Bl'naTlITt BOJlOBe II 61IBOJIll. Cnoper» Cl!lI)l,'BTeJICTBOTO na e)(HOl'O OT'b nalt - )l,06pI1Tt HaOJlIO)l,aTeJII1 Mell\A~r U&TellleCTBeHHlIll,l1T'B ua 1 G-TO ~TOJIBTlre, pUIl,aph'f'b Hanus von Dernschvam (1553), Bsaraperf onie rorasa U300IIl,0 C& HOCIlJill «rOJI'Blllll ROJIOBe.}) JRenaTa aexa xypnara C'b ceoe ell 11 ua lla..Th.

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2 Cmawollt'O OIIOJlO CO~Il11 II na CTpalll\lKa II T II ce sose p_a30oii. II I\B1lT1l Tile aapamenan rpanasar-i, eaao C'h I\pyro II B'b cpb6CKHHT'b Jl3llK'b B'b ;U;y6pOBIIIIK'h (B'b rpal\'J,T'!, ])(t30oti, B'h naanauar-s na Xepneroanna cmau«),

I. B'b.!lra per-n,

n,tJloliynHocTI, B,v"Tp'B B'I, 3-400 rOIVIHlI lie ce Cd>. mmLIUI.IUI nuoro. ITo npmanaerc na llnITe.'lUTt IIp'Bn noc.ll'B)IHeTO t'To.ltTHe e naCT,v"nHJI'L sese uoepars. PaCnpaBlIT'I, aa 'lYJlfl('mr xocnoxn, ROHTO t,v" JWH':maJUI TOllO np'Illln )Ia.'IRO. Hanp. nOh'pall yeTHeTo na HCli'LP'l, iflenl1Tt noUP'BIll[ HOt'IUll! rO.'Itl\lJ1 !lr,pBeHlI '1'UUyplf nil r,IaBaTU eu, ("Ii II Bt'JlH, napa 11 APym yli'pamemm. To I' iitr.lJ() oo.:r'llR.lO, R/Ui'BOTO ormcsa BeneIUIaUeJ\,LT'1 PmUOepTlI 1534. 1

rpailii\aneTt IIO- BW!e'1'O 1l0CHT'I, TYP('.JW oo.rIm.ro. foenO;\CTBYIOlIIIIllT'L UP'Bi\H sepnem, .vee'L cera e'LBd~I'L e u::l'rLeneU'L OT'L lla,maR'hn. ~pt~IITt ce C'J,CTOJIT'L O'1"L uopasr., 110 IIO-.Ierli'L )!'LcTeu'L B'h.meH'h lIJIaT'L (rnaHR'h) OT'L naq,HH'h mIH iflh.!JTalrL IlB'B'rL; nom.rareuo C'1 ROJIBI IWUTOUl'!e, 'IepBeII'L ntIw.mo lI,v"Tll ORO~lO cnarara OOIlHT'L nOHc'F" unrposa, 01"1 RO,1tntTt nallo;ry npHCTlfCHaTlI raruu (UOTYPU) II Te·iflliH ROll;aHU eMeHIIH oopaily naT'l, OOIIRuoBelllllIllT'L Iiocno}l'h na uctl\lIH Oarm!nIIl'L 11 aananr'lUll. :MeHm"B HOCaT'I, na r.iauara ri.nna sr.pna, np'l'i\H 'leCTO 11 q,eC'L, lIaR'L up1JnoRplI'1"L C'L m.pna, ;lp1Jxa eJ, liOJliJI, Tell,'LIn, ue pti\RO HCl',YCHO yRpacflH'L nOlie'L II HaO'Lp'IaH'L, no- nesero ueperrs C:iIDIaU'J,. Ollie npsIIlI lIla.IRO TYR'h-'1'a:ut n::n, rparonern ce cpnuiaxa XPllC'1'UlillCRII JIIeHlI 0T'1 no-crapo 1I0nO,r£1IIlfl B'L 1IIIlpOlUl sepnu ura.tuapu, 110 IIO)WOJ!r aa TypnlIlUl'rt. Cera ce pacupocrpauanarr. :lId>.l!{CRU i\p'tXlI no enporreHcFarti RpOH (a-Jla-(llpaura), ncrnna unrpoxn xaro uona.nr, a B'L!frapli'l1T't O'LP- 30 aatDlC'1'BY BaT'b uianmr II aanamoeuponelicnn :lIO;\HIf pOn.IU .

e. 1Il'lHU'1"£ uxeua Cd>. 'Iacn CTa po- )ItCTlIlf, uacrr, ill~1leHU 0'1"1 x PHCTl1HIICRUHT'I, Ra:lell;la PI,; uxenara JIa cuerunrf B'L 1I0c.T£i\He Bp'£~re neleJIJl'1"L np'£i\IHrwl. C'1'aplIT'£ uxeua, xaxro Y BClI'lRH lIapOI\lI, C,v" ilalrnlCTBOBaHl! OT'b upnponara : COnO.Th, I"L.I£O·L, il'l,:Ih'O, Ilayna, ii{eJI'£n, Ra:.ueH'L, Br,pGaH'l' II T. II. li'u'L rt.xs ce npJI(,'he)\H1UIBa'I"h CTapOCJIaBHHCnii 11 CTapOlh:Il'apCIW iraena : )~e('mlllp'L, Pai\Omrp'L, p,e.IlHlI'h (TOBa B'J, Cp't/lIIa l'opa); Pai\OUaB'h, ;~OH'IHIl'L, Crarnonrpr., Illumxanr., C'1'OH1l'1, ~pal'aIl'L, Ih.puam., Xyoell'L, HCRpell'J), iflellCnHT't CTaHa, Be.nma, Para, AOIIRa 11 T. II. i'OJI't)1O e 'IlIC.IO'1'O na paanootipaano npOlIilBOJIIAaHuTt ,\nyC:lOiflHll y"lIa.nrre;IIlIf uaena. 1 110 l'pa;\oneT't 1l0'lTU Bee ce cpu-

1 C'L06ll\eHIIe na yqllJIllll\I111llT'L HIIClieKTOp'L Ilaue l'ullqeB'b. l'aM6epTll snlI't.l'b TaK'bB'b I1aKllT'h na r.rasara Meaqy HIIIII'b II IIlJpOT'b: "uno tag Ii era malta grande in capo, alquale ligano argenti, aspri, ve tri, ambri e ducati rasouati, che pendeno." (Viaggi fat.ti da Vinetia alla Tana II T. II. Vinegia 1,')45 f. 141 v.).

2 Y MaJIllTeJIHllT1l IIJIlI raaemrr n '1eCTO ce C'bIIOCTaBllT'b C'b TBbjJ/l.1l neCxO/l.HI'I Ka.leHllaplll'I uxena : Eouo ROllCTaHTllll'L, RO.ILO HllKO.Ia, IIeTKo (Ileuso, Ileiio, IIeJlO) Iler-r.pr., TOTLO TOII01''b, I'oro I'parupnri II.Ill I'coprarl, }iqO RllpIiHK'L, IIIlInqo (lIII1IllO) )l;llMllTp'b, i'aH'IO )l;paralI'L, Ilane (Honso] CTe.paH'b l'IJlll CTOllH'L Il T. H. Br, 11'll.IIllllT'I. llCTOK'b H C'llBep'L HK,IIO'lllTe.IHO C'h CO(Vllll T1lXHOTO oaoasanae 3B)"HI -0 (Ileur,o, Ro.IILO, He.IILO), i\llaJIeKTllqeCIHI -!f (Pa;\KY, HBall'IY), B'b CTPYMClia:ra 06JacTb -e (Ilene, Ro.~e, Bc.rc), lIrn Tp1.!I'L )ICm,'IY ppyro -It C\J,V;;!,CfllI IlMena 11111- Ta, Bnca, .'[ a.ra].

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llptKOPH )1.0 cera CJ\_ OHJlH pt)J,ROCTl>. TaKIIBa ce cptillan caso B'1> CTapHHHIITt, qHCTO O'1>JU'apCI\JI MtcTa IIO Cpt)J,Hll I'opa (I\onpIIIlIIIua,

. Ilanancpmue}, ctTnt na 3arra)J,'J" Il,OKaTO poaonert, ce ~hplli.aXa cno

pe~'1 cphoel\aTU aanpyra, CT:. I}JOPllIII na UMeHHOTO npHJlaraTeJIIIO (na -08'6 II -e8'6, PaIl.OMHPOB'L, tJ:amlB'1). qJlCHOneT:B na THe eeMeHCTBa ce IIO)J,IIMCBaxa, KaRTO PyecIITt, C'h TpM IIMeHa, JInqnOTO lIllie, HMCTO na oalllaTa II OHOBa Ha pO)l,'LT'l. (aanp, MapHH'1 CTOiIHOBT:. fl.PIIHOB'1). fl.pyrall.t, )(OPH B1, J1HaIn nit C'I>6YJ(eHaTa MtCTHOCTJ, OKOJIO TJ,PHOBO, HtMa HHRaKBH npbxopa, a CJl.Il(O, paa6Hpa ceo 1I HIIKaE'Ba TpaIl.HI]HOHHU $aMH;llHa RCTOpIlH. Pt)l,RO cs. nphnopa na -UU'O (npmarareano, coficrneano Metronymicon, na 3ana)\'1> npa TP'hH'!.: CraHHIl'J" KOJIIHI'L, Ilanarrs), .JLU,H (OT'F' Type. CyipipHI\Cn -"l//U aa 1KHT8Jlh na H3B'llcTHO MtCTO: COqllfHJIII:r, CoiplIaHe~'L), C7CU (B'£ nptlrBJI'Lr'!. na CTPYMa :iRai5JIeHCKII, .llI06aTCIlH, n T. H. on MtCTara maO.JIeHO, JIIOoaTa). I1Hal\'J, lIMeTO na oamaT3 ce IIPHTyp:r IIpH eooCTBeHHOTO HMe, E'aI\TO Y BCHql\K BaJIIl3nCll11 napoga: HBaR'!> I'eopraens lLllJI I'eoprom, MOBaH'!. mOp1KeBHq'!., 'Iwcivv'l)~ rEwpy~clO-'l;' HoaH'!. I'eoprecsy, (MBan. reOprOB'l>-CIlH'1) nptnCTaBJIllB3T'L TIlII'1T'1 na eJ(HO- 06pa3HO IIORTOPH8MIlTt MHoro CTOTHHH II&TH C'l>BptMeHHH JIIl'IHIl IlMeHa y B'1.11rape, CJ,POIl, rJ,PUII If PYMJl.He. Ilpa He3H3'IHTeJIeH'I> H360p'I> Tall HOMeHI\JI3TYpa MOiKe Aa crane C'hBhpIIleHHO eJ(Ho06pa3Ha H HHAHBH)l.yaJIHOCThra na Bct.KHro TBJ,P/'It ~a ce 3a,1HtIH. B'I> li'hJlra.pHlI, o6aqe, pasHoo6pa3Il8ro e )1,OCTa 3Ha QHT8JIHO. Haxscro 6aIUIlHOTo liMe QeCTO 6amHHOTO aaHIIM3HH8 CTaRa ocaosa sa nptROp'l>: Rae3rrOB'I>, l{()OanOR'1, Ho- 1KapOB'l> 1I AP. On TyIm npOH3JIIl3a II nH QeCTO. cptlllaIOllvmn C8

np1mop'h llOnOB'I.. llptROPH na -08U'I/,'O, npOIl3Be)l,eHH BTOpHii n&.TJ, on _"i

ORRe na -08'0, CJl. pt)l,ItH, nanp. B'!. CBHmOR'I>.

06JIlIai:tHoTo npano aa B'LJlrapeTt e ome MaJIRO H::mtcTHO. B'I> ro.lIiiMHiiT'I> C60pHlnn na rofo-CJIaBHHCKIlTt npaBOOOn'IaH OT'1> npo!peccop'L J;orHIIIIIQ'h (1874) B'I>JIrapHH ce npt)J,cTaBJIHlIa eaxo C'h OCI\&.)I;HH npnMtPlI. C'LCTUBeHOTO on 1iOl'nIIlII'Ia PcKE'OBO)1,CTBO 33 c6HpaHHe aa MaTe,. pHaJI1,n ce e HBlIJIO B'b II;Bt 6'LJIrapCIlH npspaooreaa $OpMH, no )(0 cera 6e3'1 BctllaR'LB'!. BR)l.HM'1 pe3YJITan. 1 MtcTnaTa IOpIIAIIQeeR3 JIll-

1 OT'L Op;araROB':b (llpara 1874) H Bo6qeB'L B'L IIJJOBP;BBCKBTO enacaaae "HaYKa", JI, 1882, CTp. 1019-1038, 112 B'LUpocn); B':bnpOCHT'B sa PYCCKIII1T':b , roPlICT'L aa PYMeJlllHCRa c.lIYlll6a MaTB'1IeB'L B'L . "HaYRa." I, 175 H C.l1>I{. Bo6qeB'L nptllc'raBI1 h':b "HaYKa" HI 'I~i.ll'L peA'L xaTeYlIa.IIH lIS':b XIiICCap'L, Xaesoso H T. H.

I. E"LJlra:peT1l.

85

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TepaTypae~BaM'1 IUO nouesa ; n3YlfeHIIeTO na npaBOOOll.lfaHTt on OHJIa nptKpaCHa 3aJJ;alfa sa HOBO TO IOpnJJ;nlfeC:KO oomecrno B'1 COq.HH H nerOBOTO Cnacamre,

IIpH TOBa nptJJ;H BCJILI:KO JJ;a ce otispae BHlIluaHHe ua ceMeMHl1iiT'b CTpOH. CeJICRHT'B cellWHCTBa secro C&. MHOrO'llIC.TIeIIHII. Cp'BmaT'b ce opalfHH JJ;BOMmI C'1 no 12 JJ;'l111;a, JJ;opn np'BJJ;'b xeae npHBOJKJJ;axa CJIYIJan, H He oe3'1 H:m'BCTHa 1'OPJ\OCTb, 1')1;'8TO eJJ;HH'b na JJ;Ba n&'TH OJKeueirs lJeJIOBt:K'1 e HMaJ1'1 18- 24 1I0TOllllJ,lI.) CnopeJ\'1 liJIHeB'b B'1 Orapo-Baroponaf ospar-s na eJJ;HO O'bJIrapCRO cemeHCTBO ce naJJ;aT'1 CP'BII:HhO IHWJIO 5' 3 II:yIlIH, na eil,HO TypCKO 4, oztno na eJJ,Ha O'1JIrapCKa :Ka..u~a 5' 5 JJ,yIIIH, aa rypesa 4' 3, 3aTOBa II 1I0-rOJI'BllIaTa ra..CTOra na O'1JIrapCROTo HaCeJIeHlHl np'B,~'I) TYPCKOTO ee XBbp.IIJI B'!, olin. B'1 RHHJKeCTBOTo, cnopeJ\'b aap0JJ;OJJ30pOenueTo OT], 1881, na eana CeJICRa Ra..Illa CptJJ;HI,O ce naJJ;an 5' 9 JKlITeJIII, B'!, COqlHHCliJdi OIlPa..l"1 6' 3 7, B'b PiJOcTeHJJ,JIJICRJIH 7' 8 2, 110 HimOll ceaa B'1 Tp'1Hcmdl ORp£.r'1 ' 10-11.

HOBOII3.1I'B3JIJ!'r'B pesy.IJTaTII on nptOpoHBaHJIeTO B'b 1888 He JJ;asar's IJJICJIOTO na R&'1l11IT'8, 1I0 'IlIC.iIOTO aa 110M a I\ JI n C T BaT a. CUOpeJJ;'b TilX'b B'b RHHllteCTBOTO IDIaJlO 556.400 II:mIaKIlHCTBa: 88 77 Cn no 1 JIHlJ,e, 199.779 ('/1, 1-5, 305.500 C'h 5-10, 42.244 C'1 no- Belle OT'b 10 lIyrrBI. HaH-CIIJIHHT'B I\a..Il~JI ca.. ua 3anag'h: CeJIaTa aa Tp'1HCRa1'a OROJIHH C'b 7'6 JIJIlla, OROJIHH Ept3HJIWI, JI C04JlIlI 7'5, ~apHopO)l,'h 7'0, Call1OROB'h 6'9, BCHlfRII Cn HCR~IlO'leHlre Harpa)l;CIOfrB oomHHH. IIOCJIt CJIt)l,BaT'l> 113Bop'1 (npn RJOcTengJIJI'1) 6' 8, IIcIlpe1rb 6'7, E'BJIOrpal1,lfJ1R'b 6'5, EtJIa CJIa1'lIHa (npa PaXOBO), HHROnOJI1, HoBOCeJIIIII (COq,HHCKlfH Onpa..n) 6' 3, Iirr.IJOBHlla II JIoMn-IIaJIaHRa 6' 2. B'1 OCTaHaJIU1''B 1l1'Bc1'HOC1'JI Cp'Bil:HbOTO 'lIICJIO 'wenOBe na )1;OMaRIIHC1'BOTO sapnpa on 6'1 )1;0 4' 7, Oe3'.b YlllaJIeIIlIeTO IIJIU YBeJIII'IeHHt'To HU I(lIq.paTa )1;a o&ge cm.paauo C'1 113B'BCTIIU rpynna UJIH noaca.

Co.bBM'BC1'HOTO lRlI1'e.llCTBO na n'llRO.iIlW opaThH aaeano C'1 )('£lla1'a Hlll'.b U BHY:JIIIT'B (cpsfi. aarpyra, no aBCTp. noenna rpanana aapeseao "Hauscommunion") no)('.b pa..RoBOi\eIIHeTo HU e)l;HH'b cTapeit, soeso y ,CbPOU1''B, X'1pBaTJI1''B JI AJIOanUHT'B no-npsm e OJIJIO nORe£)l;Y OOURHO'BeHHo, HO B'b Hallie CTOJI'BTHe, ocotienno B'I, I\paJIeBC1'BO C1POUJI 0'1P30 HC'le3Ba, B'1 E'1.11rapUH e n03HaTO caxo 110 H1moJII\o OCTa1''.bI\II. Bn no-

nesero MfcTa J\OilIaRHII'hT'I> (i\OllIOBJIai\HRa, cTouaHHH'J" ~:B)'o) HMU B'.b

1 B"L AHXllaJIO If rbpKDHIIT'Il HlllaT"L nanpnaena 11,0 16 l\'IlI\a. KaTo ocooeaHOCTb' 83'b 3a6'1lJI1llKIlX'b npa II.IIOBII,IIB'b If B"L rpalleI\'bT"L Paaa, -re MaJl.KlfT'Il npo- 1I"L.IIlKaBaT"L Aa K'bpMHT"L TaKIlBa 1I111.\a, KOIlTO sese cB06oAuO XOIlIIT'b If rasar-s, 110 'TpeTHT8 rOADHa H aarops, ocooenno HaJl.-MaJIKHT'll; TOti311 o6H'Jali ce cp1l1ll8 II y TYPo;DT1l, H y KaBKa3CKHT'll aapoaa (nanp. JI"L .lIeamCTaO"L).

v.:

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86

I\.v.mlI CaMO CBOIITt )ltn:a, OT'b KOHTO ITO-BeqeTO ce HaCTaHlIBaT'I, B'bH'b on oamllHOTO ernaute ; )lOpH C'bBMtCTHO iKIITeJICTBO na HtKOJIKO 6paThlI C'b T:BXHIITt 'Ie.JIR)I;lI ce cptIl~a pt)~KO. B'I, llIa.IlKlIT:B rparoane no Cpt)!;HR I'opa (aanp. Bl. IiorrpIIlUHn:a) lIMa ceMeficTB3, KOlITO HaC'llfT3T'b 6m13Y 40 'l.IIeHa, 110 Tt3H He JCHBtan B'b HlIII:aKBO IOpII)l;lI'leCKO C'be)llIHeHO OOmeCTBO Ii He JKJmi>HT1, 3ae!~HO. 1I3B'bHpe;(Ho 1I1H0rOOpOHHIITt, HpOII3Jlt3.!UI OT'b .IIII'IIlH lI~leHa, H33BaHna na IT.llaHHHCKHTT, Ce.II3 YKa3BaT'I, na Bptll[e, noraro BctKa rpyrma !(BOpOBe . B'b C.v.mHOCTL e 61ma uacerena on, e)l;TIO e)l;lIHCTBeHHO celllcRCTBO. TYPCKRlln. 3aKOH'b aa IIO)l;)I;aHRHIUl'rt (liaUYHlI PaRR) na CYJITalI'L CYJlcliMaH'b on 16-TO CTOJliJTIIe upaanasa C'J,mrtcTHOTO lIiJIBtJ!Ime na ~IHOI'06pOllHlI opaTha,' a nil ClK- 11(0 II p(3)(tn;n; TOI1 onpn)I:t.IJ:Jl, se aso nO)(Uph CMhprhTa na e;(IIIl'b paa ooranarr, nerr, HJIII urecrt cnna, Tt BCH'IKH naemo we npnreatasar-s HlIIO'f'},Tl., HO ITO Cll,H3KBlI I(tJlOBe; y~Ipe .IIlI HtKOil OT'b rT,X'b, 6e3'J, T(a OCraBI1 ClIHOBC, nernnara 'IaCrh HaC.II'BI(Ba caso

<l>IIr. 3. CeJIHHKI'I OT'b OKOJIHOCTilTil aa CO~I1H.

Hafi-CTapnRn 6pan.. '

OCTaT'bUH or'b nO-I'o.lI:BlllH Ce~[ellIlH OOUleCTBa ce OI'paHlI'IaBaT'b C'b OKomUlTt IIapH6po)l,'b, TP'hll'J, II BP'B311I1K'b, IT.lIaHlIHCKIIT'I; 'IaCTII B,]) Paaouapcso, OKOJIHOCTLTa na .JhurrrI'b-ll.IIamma II Bsroma OIW.lIO COqlllH H Ilepnam, H llIllKC!\OHCRnT1'. lll:BCTIlOtTII TipaTOBO II mUII'J,' 6.IIII3Y OTBa)l']) rpannuara (tjJlII'. 15).

fOJI:BlllO, C'J,CTaseHO OTT, nT,I\'OJmO 6pa'lH11 )(SOHI'iII celllei:tcTBo ce Hapllqa p o a 'J, HJIH p o a a. 2 To nanarn HOClI crapo Hille, ITO- BC'leTO HtI\Oe JI}[qHO

1 Xaaaep-s, Osman. Sraatsverfassung I, 191,

2 OKOJIO CO~II11 a3'b '1eCTO '1YBaX'b Ta3I1 /lYMa; Hapanom, (Ilepaoa. Cnacanile no-crapara C(PIIH XI, 127) H aaae OT'b MllCTHocThTa Eparoac. En ueaTpaJIHaTa Cpll/lHll I'opa AYMaTa po()a 113061110 03HU'IaBa 1l0HHTlle sa POI\CTll'o. Op, "IIoll'b 'l'OI\OP'b Cn uerosar-s 1I1ll1a II HerOBlIllT'b POII'b (c'O pO()OM'O MY), II Ilerpr. Teol\OCOBn C'b nerosar-s 6paThH" B'b ceJIO fpal\e'lHI'Il1a ua CTpYMa, B'b elll'IHn 110- KYMeHTn OT'b l1aph Illamxana 1378 (IIIa$apUKn, Pamatky 2 1131\. 1(6) .

..

I. B'bJlraptTB.

87

Ir

HDle OTL HtIWti Upa)1;t)1;'L (naup. 3JIaTOBlI, 3JIIlTOB]~H OTT:. H1nwit 3JIaTT:.). Haii-crapIIHTT:. OKOJIO Coqnm ce napnra II; 0 In a K II II 'L, OKOJIO Tp1lII1l C l' apt tf III II II a, UpII nptsHIIK1l )1;OpII II TypCK1'I s o p 6 a.n; ill 1'1 H. liMa C)1;IIH1l JIS60peH'L raana, KofiTO MeiK)],Y )l;pyro ~IOiIle /Ia Olh)l;e n,~OBeJ~'f, JIJIlI neolKeReU'b DIOD1'LI\1,. Ton )l;hplKU Cllr'BTKlITt, Kyrryna n upcaasa, rrptJ(cTaBJIlIRa KN..IlIara np'hJ('f' Clh)J,II.IllUleTo, nCU'lIW no pmnenae na )(o:uallIIIHTt, ; rB enOili\,JIlIn no ~reih!1.y ClI ilopn paooT/na, nati-cTilpUITT'L caxo Ha!1;- 31'1paBa sa ncrrs.memrero. Hapc)I,']) C'L Hero crro;(tJIlI II P.Yi.KOBO/\H iKeucKlIrb pa60TU 1101\[ a K II II a T a; rasana :\Wil,C Ila OlK;\e j(,CHaTa na ualtcrapnlrrr. lIJIIl ;\pyra nimOll naopana aa rona pomnua, Ilopn eana nco- 1I1£iIieUl1 :1101\111. 'i1'ienIITt rornrrrr. aa 1\1\.1aTa I,£U\a. nil OOUIOTO OI'lIIIlIle e)l,Hit c.11\irh !1.pyra, no orrp'l\;\t.'leH'L perr, lkbKUH 'I,lCII'L np'l\)I,tlna ncsarara OT}' paoorara ell na lI'b.llIIfiT'J, po;rL, l\Oi1TO BIl rona 1'0 XPIlUlI II OO.'IIf'ltl CJ, )\iJu,aTa ~Iy sacrno. Bc1moti ell,lIH'L ~I01KC lla ce oT1ThJin OT'L ornueernoro IVIII ra OLY>.T(e IICR.llO'ICII'J, OT,}, nero; npn IIa,JIlI3anneTO TOIi: no.I~T{laBa ClloiiT'J, )I,'l\.lI'I, II !1.ptX.U, HO )\0 KaTO e ihIlS'J, riamara, CHH'LT']) ne lIIOa,e /Ill ucxa CBOJITa uacri.. PO/\,LT'T, C'I,!\bPilill oCB1nn, POi~H1IIm no lWf,BT, CJ>U\O II :leTl,OnC, n onaxa ; naenrrn sa onpiJn.tJIeHHlI opoxone parau HT,)IaT'L HlIlmRBll ocotierrna cnpr,:ma C1, PO;\1,T'b. ~'LnleplITt 110.1)T1IaRaT'I, sa cna;,OilTa Cal\IO npullallh (rrpU;\h, nplIIura) or's )(plrUI II nonpnm.n, no aeTI,f'L I\ana na POi\I,'f'J, ;1aTOBa lICm1\crRa CyMxa napn. Ilpusnnra na RCTN..naIOIlIaTa n'L !1.mn,T'J, cnaxa ocraaa HelirIo sacruo i\06po.

Totian CTPOti na po;\onerll He e lICrr,JI'13naJI'L lIn 1I0i,'b BHIIMannero na e!\IIH'J, JIlKTCmeCrBCHlUIl{,b OT']) V~-TO CTOJli;TIfe. Gerard Cornelius van del' Driesch, KOllTO 1 719 e C'WPOBoiK/\a,WT, eJl.Il0 ABCTpnltCRO nOCO.JICTBO B'li ~apnl'pa!\'b, 3aiit.1rl\;.JBa, ue ei\Ha ocotieauocrr, na ceJIHnerT, OIlO,110 IInpOT'L 6n,lla, « 'Ie TT, no IIPl1~Itp'I,'r'L na crapnrf PIlMJIHHe Ollie CN.. paa!\'lJ~IeHll na poaoae, nxeano, qe I\OL'it ellUH'L Clm'L erarne na B'L3paCTh, ll\OTO na luoale I\a ce OilleHll, Toli CTpOU na oaIUHHaTi1 cn aCi\Ill KJ>lHa aa eeoc ClI u sa HeBtcTaT(l ClI, aKO na Hell ItMa oute npasmo 3ItCTO, II TOBa CC rrpO/l,'])mKana 1\0 rorana, )l.OI\ilTO 6amllHOTO HaM'BillIe noornra lIa ro lI:3)1,bpata; lIO Rom BC'Ie' TO He e B'L C'1CTOIIIlUe IIO- Be'Ie J\a nofiepe, roll: rp'BfiIm on, TaM'l, i\a 1I3JIt38 H ~a CH ThpClI ;rpyro jl'\U.IlIll\e.» 1

B-L Tp'LHClmll: ORplKl"1 POJ\,I,T'L noussora nac-nrra 30-50 ~yllHL 2

I )l;p aurs , H1;~ICKHi!. np1mop,'L, CTP, 85. '

2 MllJIH'leBIFI'L (I'onanranua IV, 2(6) B'L ceJIO qepBena H6YKa K'LM'b C1>B8- posanam- OT'b IlJIaHIlHaTa Pyi!., ua cpsricna repparopan O.llJlsy 11;0 rpaIlJIu;aTa, cnoMeHYBa enuo ceMelicTBo OT'b 66"IJIeaOBe (MelKII;Y KORTO 17 olKeHeIIH).

I

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88

RaTO OCHOBaHlIe, aanro TallI'h ToliaH CTpoli aa pO~OBe BCe orne arxara ce ~bPjlm, iKlITeJIlIT'B Mll .n;a~oxa OHOBa OOCTOHTe.JICTBO, 'le llIJ>.IKCKOTO HaCe.JIeHHe JI'BT'B OTlIBa na patiora 'B'b 'lyE (iIma 1I TJ:e T'BXHOTO ~'hJIrO OTCJ>.TCTBHe CBbp3Ba nO-T'BCHO )J,OllIaIIIHHT'B. B'J) Ep'B3HlIlliKaTaKOT.lIOBHaa pO~OBeT'.1l HaOpOJfBaT'h ~o 45 TJ:.JIeHa, no CJ>. na aanajnamre OT'h nOCTOHHHH pa3.n;TI.JIH 1I BJ>.TpTIIIIHII Hecnoro~oII. CTaptllrmIHIIT'B 'leCTO ce M'BnYBaT'h nopa~H aeroaspee n He3a~OBO.JICTBO, KoeTO BO~11 H'hM'h pas)l,opn 1I nopa K'LM'h R'hpBaBlI CO.JI'hCKBaHHH. aa TOBa TanIOllrHI1Tt ypOil\)l,eHD;II na MOnT'B 3allHTBaHI1H BLpXy TOBa YTJ:peJKAeHlle IUII orronapma neOXOTHO.

3a PO,ll;OBHllllT'1 orpof B'.£, G.JIHJKHHTa CoqlHfiCim OHOJIHOCTI> HIre yaHaxMe nptJl:H Ma.JIKO no TB'£'P)J,TI )J,OCTOHHOTO C'I,'IHHemIe na ih.IIrap~ CRHiiT'h Hapo~oeKOHOmIICT'h ]rIBaH''£' EBCT. I'ernorrr, Ko~ryro llpHna)J,.II'BlInI aacayrara, TJ:e Toil nphB'L 01'L BCIITJ:KIf E'h.JIrape ll'b OTe'leCTBOTO Cll e HaYTJ:H.JI'.£, TOMaH T'htt TO'lHO OCB'BT.JIeH'h B'hIlPOC''£' na CpI,OCHa 1I X'hpBaTCRa IIOTJ:Ba 'Ip'Bn nposyrnrf TpY)l,OBe na npotJIeccopa BOrHIUWIa. I B.lIH3Y )(0 rpa)('1T''£', B'.£, lJ,paraJIeBD;If, Rpaii nOJIIfTt na Baroma mua JiBa ro.JI'BMil pora, A.JIy.rrOBIf (37 )(ymlI) 11 lJ,aHeBII (34 'I,lIeHa: e)(na B)J,OBHD;a, HeitHlITt 4 ozeaeaa cana, 3 OlReneHJ[ BHyKa II 19 )~'BI~a). B'h I'opHH Bana POA'hT'1 Boaoaa cllltTa 35 )J,ymlI; naif- BalRnIITTI 'J.JIenOBe, IIOII'h, aem.rre)l,'B.rreI~'h, BO)J,eH'IapI), MeXaH~lI\HH, onxaps If cemmnti lliIfBa'l'h « 'B~aT'h OT'h e ~ n II '£ ROTen,» II npareaaaarr, BCII'II\O B'b OOIll,HOCTh,

OCB'BH'b oG.JrtK.JIOTO. aae~HO C'J) T'tX'h B'b CJ>.ll(OTO ~ltCTO HaopOHBaT'h )l,pyrI1 20 poaa (Borposna, lJ,'bPHeBI~n, EIIlKosn l[ )J,p.) HanpOTRB1> B'h CYXOB'h lJ,OJYb H 06TI.JIH, IWIITO cr, fOPHH EaRR oopa::;YBaT'h e~Ha ·TJ:epKOBHa enopaa, R'£ma IIII eIlIJR'h TaR'bB'h pors, a B'.£, I'epnam, (no n£T1T'h aa II.JIOB)J,HB'h) II I'ypxaaono (K'MI'L C.JIHBIIH~a) noc.rrt)l;HIIHT'h HeOTKOJI'B ce e pa3CTpOH.JI'h. OTBa~'b Baroma 1\lomI1HO upn KanIeHHOBJ>.rJIHIll,HlIT'B pYIIHln~If D;tJIOTO e pa3)J,'B.rreHo na rO.IJ'BMII posone. C,y,moTO ce cpsma B'h O.JIIIJKHIIHT'h IIepHIII\'h na CTpYMa. r.JlaBHIfMT'b pOIl'h IIonqeBH OpOIf 34 IIYIIlII, llleJKAY KOHTO 6 OiKeHeHII GpaTa, e~lIIfb :.JeMJIe~tJIen'h, ellIIII'b BO~eH'Iap1, (',,~HH'h llIeXaHJJ;JKIIH, ~Ba~Ia 1'0Be~apII; )J,OMaKIrn'LT'h e~HO BptMe e GU'b xaccaep» na 3elll.JIe)J;t.'IIJeCRaTa CotJIni!cl\a Racca, no ncsaa cJ>.o6oTa ce e Bpbll(a.JI'.b )J,onm, sa ).Ia ilhPiKlI B'h pell'h CBOlfTt ~'BJIa. OCBtH'L TOBa IH\la oure ponoae B1l Jlp.JIOBo, H'hM'b IOama crpana na BIIToma, II B'h JItaOJIHHO, Bpauna CT'Bna n T. H. no CTPYxa B'1 Panoanpcaa OKO.rrHH. Cnoper» I'enronoro 1I3;VlpBaHHe pO~OBeT'B ce ~bPlKaT'h TaM'h, I1Ma I'll nilKO.JIKO II e)(IIH'1 01'1 r'BX'h IIOpa}UI no-

1 I'euiom., 3allPyraTa B'h 3anailHa B'b.1lrapHH. IIepMOIlIl'IeCKO Cnacaaae XXI H XXII (Mail: 1888) 426-449 H C£IlI0 B"b "Nouv'elleRevue" 15 Mail 1890.

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OIWJIO NIOCTeH)lHJI'll H B'll rrp:B)l:BJI'bT'll na )1;O.1[HH CTPYMa RaM-

. CIIJIHHiiT'll )1;OM'!> 6pOH caao 10-15 lIymII; sa rOJI:BMII ceMeiicTBa, ROIITO )la BO)lIlT'!> 0611.\O CTonaHCTBO, TallI'1 HHTO ce 'lye. HaHpoTHB'h B'll NpaToBo IIl\Ia pO)l1I C'b no 30-40 '1JIeHa, e&Il.\O II npn Illam. C'1 40-50 Jl;YIIHr.

M3B:BCTHO paaaonenne BbPXY THe 3aHJIMaTe.l!IIll B'brrpOCIf ).laBaT'll OmeIJaTaHHT:B peayararn OT'h rrpt6polIBuHHe na naceaenaero np:BS'h . 1888, r).l:BTO He e aatipaaeaa CIIJIaTU HU T(OnraRJIHCTBaTU, l\laRCIIMYM'llT'h' Ha)lOMURJlIICTBa C'L no-sese OT'!> )l;eCeTb T(YllIlI lIaR'!> ce na)la HU 3arra)l'L. TaM'll npHHa)l.JI:BlKaT'h 24'2 npon. OT'I> CeJIClnITt ,~onIaRJInCTBa B'll TP'llHeRa OIWJIHJI, 23' 5 B'b Bptsuaunra OIiO.lIIH, 23' 3 B'L COWHiicI\a OROJIlliI, 19'9 B'll Ilapanporcxa OIWJlIIiI, 19'1 8'L Caxonoacaa OROJIHiI, 18'8 . B'L Pa)lOllnrpCRa OROllllil, 15'5 B'b JilsBopeRa OROJIllll, 15'2 B'L MCRpenRa, BCH'IIiII C'll HCR.lIIO'JeHIIe aa rpa)l,CI\lITt 06UVIHII, IIo)lp06noeTlITt na TOBa

~ C& ome IJO-HOpa3IfTeJIHII. CeJ10TO Haca.1JeBIVI Cl'p'llHCRa OIW~lIIII) nanp. lfMa 555 lInrTe.1[I1 R'1 56 il:0lllaRIIUCTBa (CJI:B)1;OB8Te.llHo Cpt)l;UbO cs no 9'9 IJJIeHa), 01''1 T'BX'h 27 C'1 1I0-Be'le OT'll 10 )l;ynur, 18 C'b 5-10, 10 C'll 1-5, 1 C'l) 1 lJe.JIOBtR'll. ORO.JIO COWIIII OTHOmeHHeTO ce noHH3i1Ba: B'I> J],para,lJeBIOf OT'!, 114 CaJIO 23, B'b Boana 01"1 103 caao 20, B'J, I'opaa Bana OT'l) 63 caxo 15 mI8T'1 no-sese OT'L )leeers qJIeHa, 113BtcTHaTa C.afIRHlIna (.uaplIOp0JJ;CI\8 ORomm) OT'll 29 )1,0- M8RIIUCTB8 HtM8 UJI esno OT'1 ancnra xareropua.

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no- rOJl'BMH nOMalUIHCTBa na.K'L B'L TYPCKHTt OKOJIHH na HCTOK'L 1- 9 npon:eHTa. 1

IJonnpI, ceMeHHHHT'£ CTPOH nptnH BCH'IKO na paaraerase opa'lHo-m npano, EpaJi'LT'L Y E'L.JIrapeTt, ce cMtTa KaTO nprOBCKHH nOrOBOp'L, npa '1HCTO CTapOBp'B~rCI\o U3BI,pnIBaHlIe uepnonnara OJiarOCJIOBlUI ce HBJIsa KaTO no-HORO XPHCTTIiIHCKO ntfiCTBIIC. I! HCI\aUUeTO sa opal\'L CTaaa on crpana nil nrO~I':bK'J,.r'r,. Toil npauta nraiiKa ClI nrn utKOJI ponIIIfIIa na cr.IIei\a no ce.lwr\fIT1; npaamecrna II xopa, JI.lIll aim CaM'L Be-re CH e n:mlell,aWI" nanpano WI, I\tViIl~aTa na n03IIaTaTa nIO~ra. JIo ce.rara no-nexero OpaIl'I,T'I, ce Cli.rrTO'IBa no B3alI~lHa Cli.iIOHHOCTh, xoraro WI, rpmonert. '!CCTO pfunasa npocrara onorojfia na l)OIl:IITeJIflT'B; Ra3- narr. CtViIlIO, 'IC .IIIOOOBI, ce naxnpa JIn ceaara, a He JIO rparoaers. IIOIIHPb IIbpBO nCITFITBannc na no-mara OTlIBan rO!{Cjj\JUIIIJI (rOIl,ClKapn, CRaTOBC), 1I1emll,Y T1JX'L OCOOCIlHO 6auiaTa na nlOnI'LK'J;n, n'J, K&maTa na HeBtcTaTa II oe cnopaayxhnarr, C'J( HciiIllIfi 6ama aa YCJIORIIJITa aa rOIlClK'.bT'J, (nI\MCiIn" 01\0.110 Co<JIun 06ptViRII). IIptilcTaBI1TcmITt na MOl\I'J,K'LT'J, HJIH lKCHUX'I,T'J, (rOJICHHIi'f" B'L POi\OITlIT1; rJIaRClIfIIi'I,) lIaBa )lap'f, (lIPII!V" nrIma, arnpJlJln), In, napu (100-500 rpoma], yIipamenan HtlmliBJI, oOYllia sa RCJ['lIm PO)VUIHII II T. 1I., ce~r!'ilcTBOTO na HCRt,cTaTa (rorennna, R'T, Ponormrf l'JIaBCIllIUa) ll,aRa npmanr, (roja, secrpa, npllRHIl 01"1, '-:p(i~XC() C'L, R.KUIHIr CC.Ki\OBe, !IOOIIT'LI\'f" napn UJIII He~BIflKnm n~IOTlL Ha aanan'I>, riltTo npnnnnra e mroro ~IaJ1I\a, TaJI pafiora II~Ia csnr.ptnenuo xapaurepr, na T'LprOBIIJI. B'b ellIlII'l, TO'lHO onptj\t.rreH'L ll,eJIh, ](0- nesero npa3i\HIfIi'L, CTaBa nptiJ,aRamreTO na I\apoBeTt II ~I1JHYRaHI[eTO na rrp]'CTeHII (nrtHa, nrtnejj\'L), IIplI TORa 1'0- ~ClK'LT'L ce oriannna IIpt,)I'.b rOCTlI II CBII)~tTeJIJI, a no ntROl[ !lItcTa ce DJiarOCJIaBJI on IIOll'I, II OIIpt;lt.JIJI nII(,~IeHUO. Ilpa nero He aancsa II Rp'Lqma, RaRTO npn 06nmIOReIIHlrrt j\orORopII. C'L TORa CIIOpeiJ,'L napoj. HOTO npano 6palJJUlI1T'I' /(orOROp'I, I' CRbprneH'.b. fOll,elK'bT'L MtViqnO MOlKe ')Ia ce pa3Bam[ CaMO nonapr. HORlf npbroaopn ; TORa ce CJly'lBa no- Besero, aKO ce yanae n1JRoH 11:0 rorasa TafiHa rpnunra na HtROJI OT'L ()TpaHIITt, nJIli aKO iUmlJl'leTO, IWIno 'IeCTO ce CJIY'lBa, na~rtpll ntRoH no-~othp'L iI.eUlIX'£. CBan6wra C'L 'IepROBHOTO BtU'IanlIe, RtHqIIJIO rpae TpIl j\HH If ITO-Be'le, l''L npOj\'b,IIiliflTeJIIlH, qeCTO C'I,BCt~I'L MtCTHII uepe-

1 Hanesarauar-s nlltjJpl! na CTaTI!CTI'IKaTa OT'b 1888 aa 'II!CTO TypcKaTa OKOJIlIlI AKKall'bHJIUP'h (CIIJIHCTpeHcKI!il: oxpz.r-s) ex. B'b BC'llIlI'lH CJIY'laH neaspna : 1(0MaKHHCTBaTa IIMaJIll 611JIII TaWb 'CP'll/lHbO 12'4 IIYlIIlI II OT'b 1I0MaKIIHCTBaTa 21'2 npou HMaJIII IIO-Be'le OT'h 10 'lJIeHOBe, Tae OTHOIIIeHHIl pnaso upo-rasoptnar-r, C'h C'hc'llAHaTa OKOJIHII Eypr-s-Byaap-s. Hencnoro npnncraaaenae aa "lIoMaKHHcTBOTO" y np'll6pOI'ITeJIIIT'll cTpYBa ce lIa e npl!'lIlHa Ha TOBa .

. ' 2 B'snpoc-sr-s paaraensa POllonCII:I!, Marepaaa's 3a 6'hJIrapCKOTO 061'1'laHHO

npaBO. Ilep, Cnac, XYIII, 414.

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• l'OBOPHM'b, sepsnaaara l~epeMOHIIH CJIt,~Ba nspno, K01'a lUO~nf'IeTO nese e llOiliHBtJIO HtKOJIKO ~HfI B,]) ,~OnI'f>T'b na MOM,])K,])T1>. 1 Henncrara, ny.JIsara OIWJIO COq,IIH nocn JIIIuero cn aaryaeno ("I, or.IIO; 01'']) IIa pn II llIOHHCTa, II B'I, ran ~raCKHpOBIm /\OXOlK)\a na naaapt B'I, 1'pa;rhT'L.

CpOROBeTi; sa CliJIJ()'IIIilnne opaK'1T'I, i\opn B'I. rpaaoBeTt CSt llIH01'O FipaTIUr. Pac npanarr, sa 6'I'1)31maTa na CT,'leranamIlITa nO'ITI[ nennponrHII 1I,'TOPJI[[.

IIpt)(I1HCRae~loTo on uepsonara crporo C'])OJIlOiWHUO na .POI\CTIlOHHHT'J; crenenu nanara rO.lltMu npi;'lItII. B']) rpanoneTt ei\lIJn. III 03I'f.li'I, elDIO rorasa MOiRe ;w ce OOBane;(e cr, cenreMefno nO/\IIpi> cxr.pn.ra aa oaII(a ('H, at;t'l. naro OiKelU1 CBOJl'rt cecrpn. ITo ceaara ('e CJIYQBa eK30rannm, 01"£ CeJIO q,lIr. 4. CeJlHHKlI OT'h OKO.mOCTI1T'll na CoqnlH. B'b ceao. EHc~oraMlIH na nltcrHII

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'ClUI OOU(HUH. R1 Erena nanp. ooraTfITt J\'I,llwpn ce O~I,v"mBaT'b caao B3...Tpt R'b otiumuara, qeCTO Ii sa C,])BCtM,]) 6ti~Hn xopa, aajta He 1I3- JIi>3e HMO}"hT,]) B'hlI'h OT,]) nI1'CTOTO.

CMtcelIII oparWBe upu nporanonoaosnocn, na BtpOneIIOBt)l;aHHlI cx nO'ITU HeB1>3MOmHH. CaDIO B'h lIO-HORO Bptnle MJIa){U E,]),llrape, ROllTO CBbpIIIBaT,]) Y'lemre B'I, CTpaHCTBo, CII l\onOill,1aT'I, OTT, TaM1> meHII.

B'b lIJIaUIIHCIUfT'£ aeDIII na aarraJ\'I, czutecrayna ema oc06eHHOCTb, KOJITO sa E'1JIrapeTt 01"1, C'1ctl\HIIrt crpaan I1ptJ\eTaBJIilBa 601'aT'b Ma-

1 B'b H'llKOIi II'IlCTa, ClIOpe,!l'h OOl'l'lallT'b aa xaoro HCTO'lHI1 HapO/llI, nonps- 1111 MHoro ce rJIe/laJIO aa II'llBcTBeHIIOCTbTa na HeB'llcTaTa, lInpaC&TCTBlleTO IIa lIell:~ HHTt BHlIlIMH 3HaKOBe IIO paaara aa neancrara ce 113B'llcTHBaJlO OT'h crpaaa aa lIeBep'hT'h OIl1e B'h 6pa'lHaTa HOIl1b Qp'll3'h 113r'hpMHBaHlle H3'lo nyuraa. ITo HaCTOHIl1eM'lo Tm 06H'lall nopaaa OOIl1eCTBeHIIaTa H1I'h nenpacroaaocrs KaTO /la C£ npnxaxaara,

92

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