TYPES OF PUMPS AND

VALVES & ITS MAINTENANCE

A VALVE IS A
DEVICE TO
CONTROL THE
FLOW OF FLUID IN
A PIPE
 DAY TODAY LIFE
1. HEART
2. TAPE
3. GAS REGULATOR
4. PRESSURE COOKER
5. CYCLE TYER
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION
1. STEEL INDUSTRIES
2. FERTILIZER INDUSTRIES
3. PETRO-CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES
4. OIL-REFINENARY
5. MARINE
6. FOOD INDUSTRIES
1. TO ISOLATE SYSTEM
2. TO REGULATE FLOW
3. TO PREVENT BACK FLOW
4. TO PREVENT BUILD UP OF
EXCESSIVE PRESSURE
1. ISOLATING VALVE
2. CONTROL VALVE
3. NON-RETURN VALVE
4. SAFETY RELIEF VALVE
5. SPECIAL VALVE
1. GLOBE
2. WEDGE
3. PARALLEL
4. PULG
5. DIAPHRAGM
6. BUTTERFLY
 GATE VALVE GLOBE VALVE

1. LIFT MORE LESS

2. LENGHT LESS MORE

3.PRESSURE LOW HIGH

LOSS
4.OPERATING MORE LESS
TIME
5. MAINTANACE TAKE TIME VERY EASY
1. PISTON LIFT CHECK.
2. SWING CHECK VALVE
 PISTON LIFT SWING
CHECK CHECK
VALVE VALVE
1. PRESSU HIGH LOW
RE
LOSS
2. EASY TAKES TIME
MAINTANCE

3. FLOW UPWARD UPWARD,

DIRECTION HORIZONTA
L
1. TYPE
2. SIZE
3. PRESSURE RATING
4. MATERIAL
THE MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE WORKING
PRESSURE FOR THE VALVE OF
DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE
1. CARBON STEEL UPTO A SERVICE
TEMPERATURE OF 425 C
2. LOW ALLOY STEEL UPTO A
SERVICE TEMPERATURE OF 550 C
1. BODY
2. DISC
3. YOKE
4. STEAM
5. STEAM NUT
6. HAND WHEEL
7. GLAND
PACKING
1. CORROSIVE SERVICE - 18/8 STAINLESS STEEL
2. TEMP BEYOND 425 - ALLOY STEEL
3. TEMP UPTO 425 - CARBON STEEL
1. FOR CARBON STEEL VALVE- 13%
Cr STAINLESS STEEL HARDENED &
TEMPERED
2. FOR ALLOY STEEL VALVE – CREEP
RESISTANT ALLOY STEEL HARDEND
AND TEMPERED
1. CARBON STEEL VALVE
A) 13% Cr STEEL.
B) CARBON STEEL WITH SEATING
RING.
2. ALLOY STEEL VALVES
A) LOW ALLOY STEEL WITH
SEATING DEPOSITION
1. SG-NIRESIST ( ALLOY CAST IRON) OR
2. LUMINIUM BRONZE.

HANDWHEEL

1. MALLEABLE IRON OR.

2. STEEL.
1. RESILINCE
2. CORROSIVE RESISTANCE
3. WEAR RESISTANCE
4. TEMP RESISTANCE
5. LOW FRICTION
6. STRENGTH

MATERIAL OF PACKING
1. ASBESTOS
2. ASBESTOS REINFORCED
3. TEFLON
1. NATURE OF FLIUD
2. SERVICE TEMPERATURE

i) ASBESTOS- STEAM ,WATER, AIR OR NON-

CORROSIVE APPL.
ii) TEFLON- FUEL OIL & CORROSIVE
CHEMICAL.
1. COMPRESSED ASBESTOS
2. TEFLON
3. SPIRAL WOUND

SELECTION OF GASKET IS BASED

ON
1.NATURE OF FLUID.
2.SERVICE PRESSURE.
3.SERVICE TEMP.
1.MECHANICAL.
2.ELECTRICAL MOTOR OPERATED
3.HYDRAULIC OPERATED
4.PNEUMATICALLY.
1. GLAND.
2. ACTUATOR.
3. LIMIT SWITCH
4. BONNET.
5. FLANGE.
6. STORAGE AND HANDLING.
LAPPING IS THE PROCESS OF
PRODUCING EXTERMLY SMOOTH AND
ACCURATE SURFACE BY RUBBING THE
SURFACE ,WHICH IS TO BE LAPPED
AGAINST A MATING SURFACE WHICH
IS CALLED LAP. THE LAP MAY BE
EITHER CHARGED WITH A FINE
ABRASIVE AND MOISTURISED WITH
OIL OR GREASE OR THE FINE
ABRASIVE MAY BE INTRODUCED WITH
OIL. THE LAP MAY IS OF SOFT
MATERIAL AS CAST IRON ALUMINIUM
OXIDE, SILICON CARBIDGE AND
DIAMOND PEST ARE USED
PUMP MAY BE DEFINE AS MECHANICAL
DEVICE WHICH WHEN INTERPOSED IN A
PPE LINE, CONVERTS THE MECHNICAL
ENERGY SUPPLIED TO IT FROM SOME
EXTERNAL SOURCE INTO HYDRAULIC
ENERGY AND TRANSFER THE SAME TO
THE LIQUID THROUGH THE PIPE LINE
,THEREBY INCREASING THE ENERY OF
THE FLOWING LIQUID
I) POSITIVE DISPLACE MENT
PUMPS
II) ROTODYNAMIC
PUMPS( OR DYNAMIC
PRESSURE PUMPS
THE POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
PUMPS ARE THOSE PUMPS IN
WHICH THE LIQUID IS SUCKED
AND THEN IT IS ACTULLY PUSHED
OR DISPLACED DUE TO THE
THRUST EXERTED ON IT BY A
MOVING MEMBER WHICH RESULT
IN LIFTING THE LIQIUD TO THE
REQUIRED HEIGHT.
THE ROTODYNAMIC PUMPS HAVE A
ROTATING ELEMENT CALLED IMPELLER,
THRROUGH WHICH AS THE LIQUID
PASSES ITS ANGULAR MOMENTUM
CHANGES, DUE TO WHICH PRESSURE
ENERY OF THE LIQUID IS INCREASED
I) SINGLE ACTING PUMP.
II) DOUBLE ACTING PUMP.
I) SINGLE CYLINDER PUMPS
II) DOUBLE CYLINDER PUMPS
III) TRIPLE CYLINDER PUMPS
IV) DUPLEX DOUBLE ACTING PUMPS
V) QUINTAPLEX PUMPS
I) PISTON PUMPS.
II) PLUNGER PUMPS.
III) BUCKET PUMPS.
I) DIRECT ACTING PUMPS
II) POWER PUMPS
I) THE RECIPROCATING PUMPS ARE WIDELY USED
FOR VERY HIGH PRESSURE HEADS .
II) SMALL DISCHARGE.
III) AIR VESSEL FOR CONTINUOUS FLOW.
BASIC PRINCIPLE-
WHEN CENTAIN MASS OF LIQUID IS
ROTATED BY EXTERNAL FORCE IT IS
THROWN AWAY FROM CENTRAL AXIS
OF ROTATION AND A CENTRIFUGAL
HEAD IS IMPRESSED WHICH ENABLE IT
TO RISE TO A HIGHER LEVEL
 IN ADDITION TO THE CENTRIFUGAL
ACTION AS THE LIQIUD PASSES
THROUGH THE REVOLVING WHEEL OR
IMPELLER,ITS ANGULAR MOMENTUM
CHANGES, WHICH ALSO RESULTS IN
INCREASING THE PRESSURE OF THE
LIQUID.
I) VOLUTE TYPE
II) DIFFUSER TYPE
III) VORTEX TYPE
I) SINGLE STAGE
II) MULTI STAGE.
I) AXIAL
II) RADIAL
III) MIXED
I) HORIZONTAL
II) VERTICAL
 LOW HEAD
 MEDIUM HEAD
 HIGH HEAD
 CENTRIFUGAL RECIPRCATING
PUMP PUMP
1. CAPACITY HI LOW

2. VISCOSITY HI LOW

3.SPEED HI LOW

4.MAINTAINANCE LOW HI

5. HEAD & LOW HI

PRESSURE
THE RATE AT WHICH A PUMP DELIVERY
USE FUL ENERGY TO THE LIQUID CAN
BE COMPUTED IN TERMS OF
EQUIVALENT WATER HORSE POWER
(ASLO KNOWN AS HYDRAULIC HORSE
POWER)

W.H.P=
Q*W*He
K
Q- DISCHARGE
IT IS THE RATIO OF WATER HORES
POWER OUTPUT TO MECHANICAL POWER
INPUT.

1. DIRECT ACTING RECIPROCATING

PUMP:- 90-95%.
2. LARGE RECIPROCATING PUMP:- 80-
90%.
3.LARGE CENTRIFUGAL PUMP:- 85-90%.
4. SMALL CENTRIFUGAL PUMP:- 70%.
5. ROTARY :- 70-85%
 ROTARY PUMPS WORKS ON THE
PRINCIPLE OF ROTATION SIMILAR TO
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP BUT NO
CENTRIFUGAL ACTION IS USED.
IT IS THE POSITIVE
DISPLACEMENT PUMP.SO THE LIQUID
IS DISCHARGED BY A POSITIVE
PRESSURE SIMILAR TO
RECIPROCATING PUMP.
1.GEAR PUMPS.
2.VANE PUMPS.
3. LOBE PUMPS.
4.SCREW PUMPS.
1. PUMPS NOT DELIVERING LIQUID.
2. PUMPS NOT PRODUCING RATED
FLOW
3. BEARING RUN HOT.
4. PUMPS IS NOISY OR VIBRATES
5. EXCESSIVE LEAKAGE FROM
STUFFING BOX / SEAL CHAMBER.
6. MOTOR REQUIRES EXCEESIVE
POWER.